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Thieulent CJ, Carossino M, Peak L, Wolfson W, Balasuriya UBR. Multiplex One-Step RT-qPCR Assays for Simultaneous Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Enteric Viruses of Dogs and Cats. Viruses 2023; 15:1890. [PMID: 37766296 PMCID: PMC10534472 DOI: 10.3390/v15091890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was transmitted from humans to dogs and cats (reverse zoonosis) during the COVID-19 pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in fecal samples of infected dogs and cats, indicating potential fecal-oral transmission, environmental contamination, and zoonotic transmission (i.e., spillback). Additionally, gastrointestinal viral infections are prevalent in dogs and cats. In this study, we developed and validated a panel of multiplex one-step reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assays for the simultaneous detection of SARS-CoV-2 and common canine enteric viruses: Canine Enteric Assay_1 (CEA_1) for the detection of canine adenovirus-1, canine enteric coronavirus, canine distemper virus, and canine parvovirus, and CEA_2 for the detection of rotavirus A (RVA), and SARS-CoV-2); or common feline enteric viruses (Feline Enteric Assay_1 (FEA_1) for the detection of feline enteric coronavirus, feline panleukopenia virus, RVA, and SARS-CoV-2). All assays demonstrated high analytical sensitivity, detecting as few as 5-35 genome copies/µL in multiplex format. The repeatability and reproducibility of the multiplex assays were excellent, with coefficient of variation <4%. Among the 58 clinical samples tested, 34.5% were positive for at least one of these viruses, and SARS-CoV-2 was detected in two samples collected from one dog and one cat, respectively. In conclusion, these newly developed one-step multiplex RT-qPCR assays allow for rapid diagnosis of enteric viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2, in dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Côme J. Thieulent
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (C.J.T.); (M.C.); (L.P.)
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Mariano Carossino
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (C.J.T.); (M.C.); (L.P.)
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Laura Peak
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (C.J.T.); (M.C.); (L.P.)
| | - Wendy Wolfson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
| | - Udeni B. R. Balasuriya
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (C.J.T.); (M.C.); (L.P.)
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Mohammad HA, Ajaj EA, Gharban HAJ. The first study on confirmation and risk factors of acute and chronic canine distemper in stray dogs in Wasit Province, Iraq, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Vet World 2022; 15:968-974. [PMID: 35698493 PMCID: PMC9178565 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.968-974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: In Iraq, stray dogs represent a critical population of free-roaming animals, which probably play a role in the transmission of different infections to other animals. Canine distemper is one of the most growing viral threats to carnivores in many countries worldwide, including Iraq. Therefore, this study was aimed to diagnose the disease using serological and molecular assay and the role of risk factors in the spreading infection. Materials and Methods: In all, 158 venous blood samples were collected randomly from stray dogs in rural and sub-urban areas of Iraq from May 2019 to December 2020. The samples were examined serologically using two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM), and molecularly by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect and confirm chronic and acute infections. To determine the association between infection and various risk factors, the study animals were divided according to their locations, sexes, and ages. The age groups were ≤8 months (puppy), 1-3 years (young), and ≥3 years (old/mature). Results: ELISA result shows that 6.96% and 19.62% of dogs were seropositive for acute and chronic distemper, respectively. The titer of chronic infections (0.421±0.027) was significantly higher (p≤0.025) than that of acute canine distemper (0.337±0.016). On RT-PCR, 8.86% of dogs were found positive for distemper. Using RT-PCR as the gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of the IgM ELISA kit were 75% and 98.63%, respectively, whereas the positive and negative predictivity were 81.82% and 97.96%, respectively. A significant variation (p<0.05) was observed in the distribution of positive findings among the different epidemiological risk factors. Compared with rural areas, positivity was significantly higher (p<0.05) in sub-urban areas on IgM (26.92%) and IgG (64.15%) ELISA and RT-PCR (34.62%). On IgM ELISA and RT-PCR, no significant differences (p>0.05) were found among the three age groups; however, positivity was significantly higher (p≤0.048) in the ≥3 years group (22.73%) on IgG ELISA. Furthermore, only IgG ELISA showed a significantly higher (p≤0.032) positivity rate in female dogs (25.23%) than in male dogs (7.84%). Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first Iraqi study to demonstrate acute and chronic canine distemper in stray dogs, suggesting that the prolonged shedding of virus from positive dogs is a critical point in the epidemiology of the disease. Additional studies in dogs or other carnivores are required to establish baseline data on the prevalence of the disease in Iraq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel Asim Mohammad
- Department of Internal and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Nineveh, Iraq
| | - Eva Aisser Ajaj
- Department of Internal and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Nineveh, Iraq
| | - Hasanain A. J. Gharban
- Department of Internal and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wasit, Wasit, Iraq
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Dong B, Zhang X, Wang J, Zhang G, Li C, Wei L, Lin W. A meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies on the frequency and risk factors associated with canine morbillivirus infection in China. Microb Pathog 2021; 161:105258. [PMID: 34687836 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The canine morbillivirus, previously known as canine distemper virus (CDV), is a pathogen which infects dogs worldwide and causes fatal disease. CDV has a broad range of hosts and can infect at least six orders and more than 20 mammalian families. Domestic dogs are the main hosts of CDV and play a central role in the transmission of the virus. However, the prevalence of CDV infection in China remains unknown since there are only a few studies which systematically analysed the prevalence of CDV in domestic dogs in the country. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the frequency of CDV positivity and associated risk factors of CDV in Chinese domestic dogs. METHODS We systematically searched for studies on the frequency of CDV in Chinese domestic dogs published in English and Chinese to conduct a meta-analysis using the random-effects model with a forest plot with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS The overall estimated frequency of CDV positivity in Chinese domestic dogs was 22%. In addition, our data show that sampling season, age, breed, and immunisation status are associated with CDV infection frequency. CONCLUSION In a word, CDV is circulating in domestic dogs in China. Continued intervention strategies based on risk factors are necessary to reduce the frequency of CDV infection, especially in endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Dong
- College of Life Science of Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan, 364012, China; Longyan University Animal Hospital, Longyan, 364012, China.
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- College of Life Science of Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, China
| | - Jincong Wang
- College of Life Science of Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, China
| | - Gaoqiang Zhang
- College of Life Science of Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, China
| | - Chengyu Li
- College of Life Science of Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, China
| | - Lan Wei
- College of Life Science of Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, China
| | - Weiming Lin
- College of Life Science of Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan, 364012, China; Longyan University Animal Hospital, Longyan, 364012, China.
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Zhang Y, Xu G, Zhang L, Zhao J, Ji P, Li Y, Liu B, Zhang J, Zhao Q, Sun Y, Zhou EM. Development of a double monoclonal antibody-based sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting canine distemper virus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:10725-10735. [PMID: 33159543 PMCID: PMC7671975 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10997-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Canine distemper virus (CDV) infection causes mass mortality in diverse carnivore species. For effective virus surveillance, rapid and sensitive assays are needed to detect CDV in field samples. In this study, after BABL/c mice were immunized with recombinant CDV-fusion (F) protein, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against recombinant CDV-F protein (designated 1A5, 1A6, and 7D5) were produced using traditional hybridoma cell technology. Next, capture antibody (1A6, 800 ng/well) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)–conjugated detection antibody (HRP-7D5, 1:100, 500 ng/well) were used in a double monoclonal antibody–based sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for CDV detection after optimization of both mAb amounts per well using a checkerboard titration test. Based on sandwich ELISA test results for 120 known CDV-negative samples, the cutoff value for a positive result was set to an OD450 nm value ≥ 0.196. As compared with test results obtained from commercial immune colloidal gold test strips, the low limits of detection for the two assays were revealed to be 100 TCID50 per 100 μL. In addition, the sandwich ELISA agreed 100% and 96.4% with commercial immune colloidal gold test strips when testing serum and stool samples. The sandwich ELISA assay provided statistically similar CDV detection. Thus, the sandwich ELISA developed here to detect CDV in fecal and serum samples provided good sensitivity, high specificity, and good reproducibility and should serve as an ideal method for large-scale surveillance of CDV infections in carnivores. Key points • Three CDV mAbs that recognized different epitopes and bound to virion were generated. • The sandwich ELISA based mAbs to detect CDV in fecal and serum samples was developed. • The sandwich ELISA is an ideal method for detecting CDV infections in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiakai Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pinpin Ji
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaning Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baoyuan Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingfei Zhang
- Xi'an Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yani Sun
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - En-Min Zhou
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Qi S, Zhao J, Guo D, Sun D. A Mini-Review on the Epidemiology of Canine Parvovirus in China. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:5. [PMID: 32154272 PMCID: PMC7044151 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine viral diarrhea is a severe disease in dogs worldwide. The role of canine parvovirus (CPV) in canine viral diarrhea is a common health problem in dogs, attracting major concern from veterinarians and dog owners across China. In this mini-review, we summarize the CPV epidemiology in China, including its origin, prevalence, coinfection, and the genetic evolution of the virus. The review reveals the correlation between CPV-2 infection and seasonality, a dog's age/gender/breed/vaccination; that CPV-2 is the main causative agent of canine diarrhea in Northeast China and that coinfection with other pathogens is a common occurrence; the predominant CPV epidemic strains were the new CPV-2a, and CPV-2c has shown significant growth trends since 2010. This mini-review will provide valuable information for CPV infections across China and other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Qi
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Donghua Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Dongbo Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
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da Costa VG, Saivish MV, Rodrigues RL, de Lima Silva RF, Moreli ML, Krüger RH. Molecular and serological surveys of canine distemper virus: A meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217594. [PMID: 31141576 PMCID: PMC6541297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine morbillivirus (canine distemper virus, CDV) persists as a serious threat to the health of domestic dogs and wildlife. Although studies have been conducted on the frequency and risk factors associated with CDV infection, there are no comprehensive data on the current epidemiological magnitude in the domestic dog population at regional and national levels. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study and included our results in a meta-analysis to summarize and combine available data on the frequency and potential risk factors associated with CDV infection. METHODS For the cross-sectional study, biological samples from dogs suspected to have canine distemper (CD) were collected and screened for viral RNA. Briefly, the PRISMA protocol was used for the meta-analysis, and data analyses were performed using STATA IC 13.1 software. RESULTS CDV RNA was detected in 34% (48/141) of dogs suspected to have CD. Following our meta-analysis, 53 studies were selected for a total of 11,527 dogs. Overall, the pooled frequency of CDV positivity based on molecular and serological results were 33% (95% CI: 23-43) and 46% (95% CI: 36-57), respectively. The pooled subgroup analyses of clinical signs, types of biological samples, diagnostic methods and dog lifestyle had a wide range of CDV positivity (range 8-75%). Free-ranging dogs (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.05-1.97), dogs >24 months old (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.1-3) and unvaccinated dogs (OR: 2.92, 95% CI: 1.26-6.77) were found to be positively associated with CDV infection. In contrast, dogs <12 months old (OR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.20-0.64) and dogs with a complete anti-CDV vaccination (OR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.05-0.59) had a negative association. CONCLUSION Considering the high frequency of CDV positivity associated with almost all the variables analyzed in dogs, it is necessary to immediately and continuously plan mitigation strategies to reduce the CDV prevalence, especially in determined endemic localities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivaldo Gomes da Costa
- Enzymology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
- Virology Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Jataí, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Marielena Vogel Saivish
- Virology Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Jataí, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Roger Luiz Rodrigues
- Virology Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Jataí, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Lázaro Moreli
- Virology Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Jataí, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Henrique Krüger
- Enzymology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
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Sun W, Zhang S, Huang H, Wang W, Cao L, Zheng M, Yin Y, Zhang H, Lu H, Jin N. First identification of a novel parvovirus distantly related to human bufavirus from diarrheal dogs in China. Virus Res 2019; 265:127-131. [PMID: 30914299 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bufaviruses are small, nonenveloped, single-stranded DNA viruses belonging to the subfamily Parvovirinae. Human bufaviruses were first identified in 2012 in fecal samples from children with diarrhea. A new parvovirus of canines that was first detected in various samples from dogs with enteric and respiratory symptoms in Italy between 2014 and 2018 is closely related to the newly described human bufavirus. To explore the prevalence and genetic diversity of CBuV in Chinese dogs, 540 canine parvovirus (CPV)-positive serum and diarrhea samples were collected in Guangxi Province between 2016 and 2018. Among the samples, 6.25% (5/80) of rectal swabs and 2.5% (5/200) of CPV PCR-positive samples were positive for CBuV. However, the virus was not detected in CPV PCR-negative samples or nasal swabs. Two CBuV isolates were identified from CPV-positive fecal and serum samples by complete sequence analysis, with 99.8%-99.9% NS1 and VP2 protein identity to each another. Sequence analysis indicated that the CBuV GXNN01-2018 isolate VP2 protein shares 99.6% identity with the Italian CBuV ITA/2015/297 isolate and 62.3%-65.5% identity with human bufavirus. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CBuV was significantly distinct from other known bufaviruses and was most closely related to CBuV ITA/2015/297. This is the first report of the existence of CBuV in China, and our findings will strengthen the understanding of the epidemiology of bufaviruses in different animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Sun
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Shiheng Zhang
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Haixin Huang
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Liang Cao
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Yanwen Yin
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Hongyun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Huijun Lu
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China.
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
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Hao X, Liu R, He Y, Xiao X, Xiao W, Zheng Q, Lin X, Tao P, Zhou P, Li S. Multiplex PCR methods for detection of several viruses associated with canine respiratory and enteric diseases. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213295. [PMID: 30830947 PMCID: PMC6398926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral respiratory and intestinal infections are the most common causes of canine viral illness. Infection with multiple pathogens occurs in many cases. Rapid diagnosis of these multiple infections is important for providing timely and effective treatment. To improve diagnosis, in this study, two new multiplex polymerase chain reactions (mPCRs) were developed for simultaneous detection of canine respiratory viruses (CRV) and canine enteric viruses (CEV) using two separate primer mixes. The viruses included canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2), canine distemper virus (CDV), canine influenza virus (CIV), canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV), canine circovirus (CanineCV), canine coronavirus (CCoV) and canine parvovirus (CPV). The sensitivity of the mPCR results showed that the detection limit of both mPCR methods was 1×104 viral copies. Twenty nasal swabs (NS) and 20 anal swabs (AS) collected from dogs with symptoms of respiratory disease or enteric disease were evaluated using the novel mPCR methods as a clinical test. The mPCR protocols, when applied to these respiratory specimens and intestinal samples, could detect 7 viruses simultaneously, allowing rapid investigation of CRV (CAV-2, CDV, CIV and CPIV) and CEV (CAV-2, CanineCV, CCoV and CPV) status and prompt evaluation of coinfection. Our study provides an effective and accurate tool for rapid differential diagnosis and epidemiological surveillance in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqi Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruohan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuwei He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiqi Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingxu Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pan Tao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (PZ); (SL)
| | - Shoujun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (PZ); (SL)
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