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Rahman Z, Khuroo T, Mohamed EM, Dharani S, Kayalar C, Kuttolamadom MA, Sangaré LO, Khan MA. Pyrimethamine 3D printlets for pediatric toxoplasmosis: design, pharmacokinetics, and anti-toxoplasma activity. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:301-311. [PMID: 36639201 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2169272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The focus of the present research is to develop printlet formulations of pyrimethamine (PMT). METHODS Printlets formulation of PMT were developed by screening design by varying laser scanning speed, Kollidon® VA 64, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and disintegrant. RESULTS Laser scanning speed, Kollidon® VA, and disintegrant had statistically significant effect on hardness, disintegration time, and/or dissolution (p < 0.05). Dissolution was almost 100% in 30 min. X-ray powder diffraction indicated partial amorphous transformation of the crystalline drug. Pharmacokinetic and anti-toxoplasma activity profiles of the printlets and compressed tablets were superimposable with no statistical difference (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Clinical performance of the printlets would be similar to the compressed tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyaur Rahman
- Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Tahir Khuroo
- Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Eman M Mohamed
- Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Sathish Dharani
- Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Canberk Kayalar
- Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Mathew A Kuttolamadom
- Department of Engineering Technology & Industrial Distribution, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Mansoor A Khan
- Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Toxoplasma gondii in Foods: Prevalence, Control, and Safety. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162542. [PMID: 36010541 PMCID: PMC9407268 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that causes toxoplasmosis, with approximately one third of the population around the world seropositive. The consumption of contaminated food is the main source of infection. These include meat products with T. gondii tissue cysts, and dairy products with tachyzoites. Recently, contamination has been detected in fresh products with oocysts and marine products. Despite the great health problems that are caused by T. gondii, currently there are no standardized methods for its detection in the food industry. In this review, we analyze the current detection methods, the prevalence of T. gondii in different food products, and the control measures. The main detection methods are bioassays, cell culture, molecular and microscopic techniques, and serological methods, but some of these do not have applicability in the food industry. As a result, emerging techniques are being developed that are aimed at the detection of multiple parasites simultaneously that would make their application more efficient in the industry. Since the prevalence of this parasite is high in many products (meat and milk, marine products, and vegetables), it is necessary to standardize detection methods, as well as implement control measures.
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Yang Y, Huang Y, Zhao X, Lin M, Chen L, Zhao M, Chen X, Yang Y, Ma G, Yao C, Huang S, Du A. Development of an Immunochromatographic Test Based on Rhoptry Protein 14 for Serological Detection of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Swine. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12151929. [PMID: 35953918 PMCID: PMC9367252 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii, a worldwide distributed apicomplexan protozoan, can infect almost all warm-blooded animals and may cause toxoplasmosis. In order to provide a point-of-care detection method for T. gondii infection, an immunochromatographic test (ICT) was established. The proposed test uses recombinant T. gondii rhoptry protein 14 (ROP14) conjugated with 20 nm gold particles, recombinant protein A as the detection line and monoclonal antibody TgROP14-5D5 as the control line. The specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and stability of this new ICT were evaluated. rTgROP14 was specifically recognized by positive serum of T. gondii but not negative serum. mAb TgROP14-5D5 showed higher specific recognition of T. gondii antigens and was therefore selected for subsequent colloidal gold strip construction. The new ICT based on TgROP14 exhibited good diagnostic performance with high specificity (86.9%) and sensitivity (90.9%) using IHA as a “reference standard”. Among 436 field porcine sera, ICT and IHA detected 134 (30.7%) and 99 (22.7%) positive samples, respectively. The relative agreement was 87.8%. These data indicate that this new ICT based on TgROP14 is a suitable candidate for routine testing of T. gondii in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.H.); (M.L.); (L.C.); (M.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.Y.); (G.M.)
| | - Yechuan Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.H.); (M.L.); (L.C.); (M.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.Y.); (G.M.)
| | - Xianfeng Zhao
- Animals & Plant Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center of Shenzhen Customs, Shenzhen 518045, China;
| | - Mi Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.H.); (M.L.); (L.C.); (M.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.Y.); (G.M.)
| | - Lulu Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.H.); (M.L.); (L.C.); (M.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.Y.); (G.M.)
| | - Mingxiu Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.H.); (M.L.); (L.C.); (M.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.Y.); (G.M.)
| | - Xueqiu Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.H.); (M.L.); (L.C.); (M.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.Y.); (G.M.)
| | - Yi Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.H.); (M.L.); (L.C.); (M.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.Y.); (G.M.)
| | - Guangxu Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.H.); (M.L.); (L.C.); (M.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.Y.); (G.M.)
| | - Chaoqun Yao
- School of Veterinary Medicine and One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis;
| | - Siyang Huang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Aifang Du
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.H.); (M.L.); (L.C.); (M.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.Y.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence:
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