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Tanaka R, Yoshinouchi S, Karouji K, Tanaka Y, Tominari T, Hirata M, Matsumoto C, Itoh Y, Miyaura C, Inada M. A mouse model of lung cancer induced via intranasal injection for anticancer drug screening and evaluation of pathology. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 13:51-59. [PMID: 36102619 PMCID: PMC9810119 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathologies and lethality of lung cancers are associated with smoking, lifestyle, and genomic factors. Several experimental mouse models of lung cancer, including those induced via intrapulmonary injection and intratracheal injection, have been reported for evaluating the pharmacological effect of drugs. However, these models are not sufficient for evaluating the efficacy of drugs during screening, as these direct injection models ignore the native processes of cancer progression in vivo, resulting in the inadequate pathological formation of lung cancer. In the present study, we developed a novel intranasal injection model of lung cancer simulating the native lung cancer pathology for anticancer drug screening. A mouse lung cancer cell line (Lewis lung carcinoma; LCC) was intranasally injected into mouse lungs, and injected cell number-dependent cancer proliferation was apparent in both the left and right lungs. Human non-small-cell lung cancer (NCI-H460) cells were also intranasally injected into nude mice and similarly showed injected cell number-dependent cancer growth. For the pharmacological evaluation of cisplatin, two different treatment frequencies were tested four times per month and twice a month. The intranasal injection model confirmed that cisplatin suppressed lung cancer progression to a greater extent under the more frequent treatment condition. In conclusion, these results indicated that our intranasal injection model is a powerful tool for investigating lung cancer pathology and may aid in the development of new anti-lung cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Tanaka
- Cooperative Major of Advanced Health ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyJapan,Testing and Research LaboratoriesHAMLI Co., Ltd.IbarakiJapan
| | - Shosei Yoshinouchi
- Cooperative Major of Advanced Health ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyJapan
| | - Kento Karouji
- Department of Biotechnology and Life ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyJapan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Department of Biotechnology and Life ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyJapan
| | - Tsukasa Tominari
- Department of Biotechnology and Life ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyJapan
| | - Michiko Hirata
- Department of Biotechnology and Life ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyJapan
| | - Chiho Matsumoto
- Department of Biotechnology and Life ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyJapan
| | - Yoshifumi Itoh
- Institute of Global Innovation ResearchTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyJapan,Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal SciencesUniversity of OxfordUK
| | - Chisato Miyaura
- Cooperative Major of Advanced Health ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyJapan,Department of Biotechnology and Life ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyJapan,Institute of Global Innovation ResearchTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyJapan
| | - Masaki Inada
- Cooperative Major of Advanced Health ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyJapan,Department of Biotechnology and Life ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyJapan,Institute of Global Innovation ResearchTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyJapan
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Kobayashi T, Oshima Y, Tsubokura Y, Muroi T, Ajimi S, Nakai M, Kawaguchi K, Sasaki T, Shinohara N, Imatanaka N. Time-course comparison of pulmonary inflammation induced by intratracheal instillation of four different nickel oxide nanoparticles in male Fischer rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2020; 34:43-55. [PMID: 33627944 PMCID: PMC7890174 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2020-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Occupational exposure to nickel oxide (NiO) is an important cause of respiratory tract cancer. Toxicity is known to be associated with the dissociated component, i.e. nickel (II) ions. To address the relationship between physicochemical properties, including solubility in artificial lysosomal fluid, of NiO and time-course changes in the pulmonary response, we conducted an intratracheal instillation study in male Fischer rats using four different well-characterized NiO products, US3352 (NiO A), NovaWireNi01 (NiO B), I small particle (NiO C), and 637130 (NiO D). The NiOs were suspended in purified water and instilled once intratracheally into male F344 rats (12 weeks old) at 0 (vehicle control), 0.67, 2, and 6 mg/kg body weight. The animals were euthanized on days 3, 28, or 91 after instillation, and blood analysis, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) testing, and histopathological examination were performed. The most soluble product, NiO B, caused the most severe systemic toxicity, leading to a high mortality rate, but the response was transient and surviving animals recovered. The second-most-soluble material, NiO D, and the third, NiO A, caused evident pulmonary inflammation, and the responses persisted for at least 91 days with collagen proliferation. In contrast, NiO C induced barely detectable inflammation in the BALF examination, and no marked changes were noted on histopathology. These results indicate that the early phase toxic potential of NiO products, but not the persistence of pulmonary inflammation, is associated with their solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Kobayashi
- CERI Hita, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Japan, 3-822 Ishii-machi, Hita-shi, Oita 877-0061, Japan.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi-shi, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
| | - Yutaka Oshima
- CERI Hita, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Japan, 3-822 Ishii-machi, Hita-shi, Oita 877-0061, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tsubokura
- CERI Hita, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Japan, 3-822 Ishii-machi, Hita-shi, Oita 877-0061, Japan
| | - Takako Muroi
- CERI Hita, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Japan, 3-822 Ishii-machi, Hita-shi, Oita 877-0061, Japan
| | - Shozo Ajimi
- CERI Hita, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Japan, 3-822 Ishii-machi, Hita-shi, Oita 877-0061, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakai
- CERI Hita, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Japan, 3-822 Ishii-machi, Hita-shi, Oita 877-0061, Japan
| | - Kenji Kawaguchi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8560, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sasaki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8560, Japan
| | - Naohide Shinohara
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8560, Japan
| | - Nobuya Imatanaka
- CERI Hita, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Japan, 3-822 Ishii-machi, Hita-shi, Oita 877-0061, Japan
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3
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Nakano-Narusawa Y, Yokohira M, Yamakawa K, Saoo K, Imaida K, Matsuda Y. Single Intratracheal Quartz Instillation Induced Chronic Inflammation and Tumourigenesis in Rat Lungs. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6647. [PMID: 32313071 PMCID: PMC7170867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63667-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystalline silica (quartz) is known to induce silicosis and cancer in the lungs. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between quartz-induced chronic inflammation and lung carcinogenesis in rat lungs after a single exposure to quartz. F344 rats were treated with a single intratracheal instillation (i.t.) of quartz (4 mg/rat), and control rats were treated with a single i.t. of saline. After 52 or 96 weeks, the animals were sacrificed, and the lungs and other organs were used for analyses. Quartz particles were observed in the lungs of all quartz-treated rats. According to our scoring system, the lungs of rats treated with quartz had higher scores for infiltration of lymphocytes, macrophages and neutrophils, oedema, fibrosis, and granuloma than the lungs of control rats. After 96 weeks, the quartz-treated rats had higher incidences of adenoma (85.7%) and adenocarcinoma (81.0%) than control rats (20% and 20%, respectively). Quartz-treated and control rats did not show lung neoplastic lesions at 52 weeks after treatment. The number of lung neoplastic lesions per rat positively correlated with the degree of macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration, oedema, fibrosis, and lymph follicle formation around the bronchioles. In conclusion, single i.t. of quartz may induce lung cancer in rat along with chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Nakano-Narusawa
- Oncology Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defence, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Masanao Yokohira
- Oncology Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defence, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamakawa
- Oncology Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defence, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Kousuke Saoo
- Oncology Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defence, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
- Kaisei General Hospital, Kagawa, 762-0007, Japan
| | - Katsumi Imaida
- Oncology Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defence, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Yoko Matsuda
- Oncology Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defence, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan.
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Yoshida S, Yokohira M, Yamakawa K, Nakano-Narusawa Y, Kanie S, Hashimoto N, Imaida K. Effects of the expectorant drug ambroxol hydrochloride on chemically induced lung inflammatory and neoplastic lesions in rodents. J Toxicol Pathol 2018; 31:255-265. [PMID: 30393429 PMCID: PMC6206285 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2018-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambroxol hydrochloride (AH) is an expectorant drug used to stimulate pulmonary
surfactant and serous airway secretion. Surfactant proteins (SPs) are essential for
maintaining respiratory structure and function, although SP expression has also been
reported in lung inflammatory and proliferative lesions. To determine whether AH exerts
modulatory effects on these lung lesions, we examined its effects on pleural thickening
induced by intrathoracic administration of dipotassium titanate (TISMO) in A/JJmsSlc (A/J)
mice. We also analyzed the modulatory effects of AH on neoplastic lung lesions induced by
4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in A/J mice and by N-nitrosobis
(2-hydroxypropyl) amine (DHPN) in F344/DuCrlCrj (F344) rats. A/J mice treated with TISMO
showed decreased body weight, increased white blood cell (WBC) counts, and pleural
thickening caused by pleuritis and poor general condition. However, A/J mice treated with
TISMO + 120 ppm showed significant recovery of body weight and WBC counts to the same
levels as those of A/J mice not treated with TISMO, although no significant differences
were observed in histopathological changes including the immunohistopathological
expression of IL-1β in the lung and maximum pleural thickness regardless of AH treatment.
In the NNK and DHPN experiments, no significant differences in body weight, hematology,
plasma biochemistry, and histopathological changes were associated with AH concentration.
These results suggest that AH potentially exerts anti-inflammatory effects but does not
have a direct suppressive effect on lung tumorigenesis in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Yoshida
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.,Toxicology Laboratory, Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, TAIHO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 224-2 Ebisuno, Hiraishi, Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima 771-0194, Japan
| | - Masanao Yokohira
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamakawa
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakano-Narusawa
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Shohei Kanie
- Toxicology Laboratory, Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, TAIHO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 224-2 Ebisuno, Hiraishi, Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima 771-0194, Japan
| | - Nozomi Hashimoto
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Katsumi Imaida
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
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5
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Yokohira M, Yamakawa K, Nakano-Narusawa Y, Hashimoto N, Kanie S, Yoshida S, Imaida K. Characteristics of surfactant proteins in tumorigenic and inflammatory lung lesions in rodents. J Toxicol Pathol 2018; 31:231-240. [PMID: 30393427 PMCID: PMC6206284 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2018-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactant proteins (SPs) are essential for the proper structure and respiratory
function of the lungs. There are four subtypes of SPs: SP-A, SP-B, SP-C, and SP-D. The
expectorant drug ambroxol hydrochloride is clinically used to stimulate pulmonary
surfactant and airway serous secretion. In addition, previous studies showed that ambroxol
regulated SP production and attenuated pulmonary inflammation, with ambroxol hydrochloride
being found to suppress quartz-induced lung inflammation via stimulation
of pulmonary surfactant and airway serous secretion. In this study, we investigated the
expression of SP-A, SP-B, SP-C, and SP-D in neoplastic and inflammatory lung lesions in
rodents, as well as their possible application as potential markers for diagnostic
purposes. SP-B and SP-C showed strong expression in lung hyperplasia and adenoma, whereas
SP-A and SP-D were expressed in the mucus or exudates of inflammatory alveoli. Rodent
tumorigenic hyperplasic tissues induced by various carcinogens were positive for napsin A,
an aspartic proteinase involved in the maturation of SP-B; this indicated a focal increase
in type II pneumocytes in the lungs. Therefore, high expression of napsin A in the
alveolar walls may serve as a useful marker for prediction of the tumorigenic potential of
lung hyperplasia in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanao Yokohira
- Onco-Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamakawa
- Onco-Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakano-Narusawa
- Onco-Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Nozomi Hashimoto
- Onco-Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Shohei Kanie
- Onco-Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Shota Yoshida
- Onco-Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Katsumi Imaida
- Onco-Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
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6
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Kanie S, Yokohira M, Yamakawa K, Nakano-Narusawa Y, Yoshida S, Hashimoto N, Imaida K. Suppressive effects of the expectorant drug ambroxol hydrochloride on quartz-induced lung inflammation in F344 rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2016; 30:153-159. [PMID: 28458453 PMCID: PMC5406594 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2016-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactant proteins (SPs) are essential to respiratory structure and function. The expectorant drug ambroxol hydrochloride is clinically prescribed to stimulate pulmonary surfactant and airway serous secretion. Therefore, ambroxol hydrochloride may affect SP production and pulmonary inflammation. Lung toxicity of fine particles of various materials has been examined previously in our in vivo bioassay using the intratracheal (i.t.) instillation approach. In the present study, we evaluated modulatory effects of ambroxol hydrochloride on quartz-induced lung inflammation in F344 rats. Male 6-week-old F344 rats were exposed by i.t. instillation to 2 mg of quartz particles suspended in 0.2 mL of saline. Ambroxol hydrochloride was administered at 0, 12, and 120 ppm in rat basal diet for 28 days, and then formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lung, liver, and kidney samples were prepared. No changes in general condition, body and organ weights, or food consumption upon exposure to quartz were noted. The mean ambroxol intake in rats of the 12 ppm group was comparable to the human conventional dose. Histopathology of lung lesions was evaluated, and the degree of inflammation was scored. At 120 ppm, ambroxol hydrochloride significantly decreased individual lung inflammation scores for pulmonary edema and lymph follicle proliferation around the bronchiole, as well as the total inflammation score, in quartz-treated rats. Expression of SP-C in the type II alveolar cells and macrophages was greater in inflammatory lesions than in non-inflamed areas. Ambroxol treatment did not affect expression of SP-B and SP-C. In conclusion, we demonstrated that ambroxol hydrochloride relieves quartz-induced lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Kanie
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.,Toxicology Laboratory, Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, TAIHO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 224-2 Ebisuno, Hiraishi, Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima 771-0194, Japan
| | - Masanao Yokohira
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamakawa
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakano-Narusawa
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Shota Yoshida
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.,Toxicology Laboratory, Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, TAIHO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 224-2 Ebisuno, Hiraishi, Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima 771-0194, Japan
| | - Nozomi Hashimoto
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Katsumi Imaida
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
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Yokohira M, Hashimoto N, Nakagawa T, Nakano Y, Yamakawa K, Kishi S, Kanie S, Ninomiya F, Saoo K, Imaida K. Long-Term Chronic Toxicity and Mesothelial Cell Reactions Induced by Potassium Octatitanate Fibers (TISMO) in the Left Thoracic Cavity in A/J Female Mice. Int J Toxicol 2015; 34:325-35. [PMID: 26023052 DOI: 10.1177/1091581815587744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to examine the chronic effects of potassium octatitanate fibers (trade name TISMO; chemical formula K2O·6TiO2) on the mouse lung and thoracic cavity. This method of infusion was employed to examine the direct effects of the fibers to the pleura. In the present study, 52- and 65-week experiments were employed to examine the long-term chronic effects after infusion of fiber-shaped TISMO into the thoracic cavities of A/J mice. Following this infusion, TISMO fibers were observed in the alveoli, indicating penetration through the visceral pleura. The additional histopathological detection of TISMO fibers in the liver, spleen, kidneys, ovary, heart, bone marrow, and brain of TISMO-infused mice indicated migration of the fibers out from the thoracic cavity. Atypical mesothelial cells with severe pleural proliferation were observed, but malignant mesotheliomas were not detected. This study demonstrated that intrathoracic infusion of TISMO fiber did not cause malignant mesothelioma but did cause severe chronic inflammation and proliferation of pleural mesothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanao Yokohira
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Nozomi Hashimoto
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nakagawa
- Faculty of Medicine, Life Science Research Center, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakano
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamakawa
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Sosuke Kishi
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Shohei Kanie
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Fumiko Ninomiya
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kousuke Saoo
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Katsumi Imaida
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
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8
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Bergström U, Ekstrand-Hammarström B, Hägglund L, Wingfors H. Comparing acute toxicity of gunshot particles, from firing conventional and lead-free ammunition, in pulmonary epithelial cell cultures. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2015; 78:645-661. [PMID: 26039682 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2015.1017682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies demonstrated that the use of lead (Pb)-containing ammunition is associated with mainly chronic health problems and also is a burden on the environment and wildlife. Recently, a number of reports showed evidence of undesirable acute health effects related to the use of newly developed Pb-free small-caliber ammunition. In this study, particles from leaded and Pb-free ammunition were collected in liquid collection medium, in a highly controlled chamber, while firing a pistol (9 mm) or a rifle (7.62 × 51 mm). The emitted particles were typically smaller than 4 μm, with the great majority in even smaller size ranges, as shown by gravimetrical analysis and a multistage impactor. Chemical analysis revealed significant differences in content and concentration of several metals in the particles. After administration of the liquids to alveolar and bronchial in vitro cell systems, particles were taken up by the cells; the Pb-free particles displayed higher cytotoxicity (EC50 = 2 μg/cm(2)) than particles from Pb ammunition. High correlation factors (>0.9) were found between cell death and content of copper and zinc. Particles from both Pb-containing and Pb-free ammunition were able to induce oxidative stress and the proinflammatory marker interleukin (IL)-8 in both in vitro systems. These results support previous findings that indicate an association between gunshot emissions and metal fume fever. This study demonstrates the usefulness of combining chemical data with biological in vitro responses in assessing acute toxicological effects from emissions from firing both Pb and Pb-free ammunition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Bergström
- a Division of CBRN Defense and Security , Swedish Defense Research Agency , Umeå , Sweden
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9
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Nakano Y, Yokohira M, Hashimoto N, Yamakawa K, Kishi S, Ninomiya F, Kanie S, Saoo K, Imaida K. Rat strain differences in levels and effects of chronic inflammation due to intratracheal instillation of quartz on lung tumorigenesis induced by DHPN. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 66:391-401. [PMID: 25024166 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory effects of single intratracheal instillation (i.t.) of quartz on rat lung tumorigenesis were examined using 4 different animal models. At first, in order to determine an appropriate dose of quartz i.t. to promote lung tumorigenesis, F344 male rats were administrated single 0, 0.5, 1, 2 or 4 mg quartz/rat after initiation by N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl) nitrosamine (DHPN). Further studies were performed to examine strain differences of the effects of chronic inflammation caused by quartz i.t. in 3 strains of rat, i.e. F344, Wistar-Hannover and SD. Each was instilled with 2mg quartz/rat after DHPN administration and sacrificed in week 24. In addition, strain differences in generation of inflammation were determined at days 1 and 28. Finally, for determination of long-term effects period, F344 and Wistar-Hannover rats were similarly treated, but the experiment was terminated at week 52. In F344 rats, the tumor areas in DHPN treated groups showed a tendency to increase along with the dose of quartz. F344 rats demonstrated the highest and Wistar-Hannover rats the lowest sensitivity to quartz in acute and chronic phases in the 3 strains. In 52 week, in F344 rats, the multiplicity of tumors and the serum concentration of IL-6 in the group treated with DHPN and quartz were significantly increased. The present experiments indicated that chronic inflammation due to quartz instillation exerted promoting effects on lung carcinogenesis in F344, SD and Wistar-Hannover rats. The strain differences in tumor promotion appeared to correlate with inflammatory reactions to quartz and increase of IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Nakano
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Masanao Yokohira
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Nozomi Hashimoto
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamakawa
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Sosuke Kishi
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Fumiko Ninomiya
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Shohei Kanie
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Kousuke Saoo
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Tomakomai City Hospital, Hokkaido 053-8567, Japan
| | - Katsumi Imaida
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
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10
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Yokohira M, Yamakawa K, Nakano Y, Numano T, Furukawa F, Kishi S, Ninomiya F, Kanie S, Hitotsumachi H, Saoo K, Imaida K. Immunohistochemical characteristics of surfactant proteins a, B, C and d in inflammatory and tumorigenic lung lesions of f344 rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2014; 27:175-82. [PMID: 25378802 PMCID: PMC4217230 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2014-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactant proteins (SPs), originally known as human lung surfactants, are essential to respiratory structure and function. There are 4 subtypes, SP-A, SP-B, SP-C and SP-D, with SP-A and SP-D having immunological functions, and SP-B and SP-C having physicochemical properties that reduce the surface tension at biological interfaces. In this experiment, the expressions of SP-A, SP-B, SP-C and SP-D in lung neoplastic lesions induced by N-bis (2-hydroxypropyl) nitrosamine (DHPN) and inflammatory lesions due to quartz instillation were examined and compared immunohistochemically. Formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) lung samples featuring inflammation were obtained with a rat quartz instillation model, and neoplastic lesions, hyperplasias and adenomas, were obtained with the rat DHPN-induced lung carcinogenesis model. In the rat quartz instillation model, male 10-week old F344 rats were exposed by intratracheal instillation (IT) to quartz at a dose of 2 mg/rat suspended in saline (0.2 ml) on day 0, and sacrificed on day 28. Lung tumorigenesis in F344 male rats was initiated by DHPN in drinking water for 2 weeks, and the animals were then sacrificed in week 30. Lung proliferative lesions, hyperplasias and adenomas, were observed with DHPN, and inflammation was observed with quartz. The expressions of SP-A, SP-B, SP-C and SP-D were examined immunohistochemically. SP-B and SP-C showed strong expression in lung hyperplasias and adenomas, while SP-A and SP-D were observed in mucus or exudates in inflammatory alveoli. These results suggest the possibility that SP-B and SP-C are related to lung tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanao Yokohira
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamakawa
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakano
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Takamasa Numano
- DIMS Institute of Medical Science, Inc., 64 Goura, Nishiazai, Azai-cho, Ichinomiya, Aichi 491-0113, Japan
| | - Fumio Furukawa
- DIMS Institute of Medical Science, Inc., 64 Goura, Nishiazai, Azai-cho, Ichinomiya, Aichi 491-0113, Japan
| | - Sosuke Kishi
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Fumiko Ninomiya
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Shohei Kanie
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hiroko Hitotsumachi
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Kousuke Saoo
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Katsumi Imaida
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
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11
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Napsin A is possibly useful marker to predict the tumorigenic potential of lung bronchiolo-alveolar hyperplasia in F344 rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 66:117-23. [PMID: 24295539 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
There are 2 types of bronchiolo-alveolar hyperplasia found in rat lungs. One is 'inflammatory hyperplasia' with a potential to recover in future with removal of the stimulating insult and the other is 'latent tumorigenic hyperplasia' as an independent preneoplastic lesion for adenocarcinoma. In the present experiment, we focused on rat lung bronchiolo-alveolar hyperplasia induced by 4-(methyl-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), which decreases with time after induction and reverts to normal, or by N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine (DHPN), with tumorigenic potential to progress to adenoma and adenocarcinoma. Though NNK is a typical carcinogen inducing lung adenocarcinoma in female A/J mice, the tumorigenic potential by NNK in rats is weak. Differences between hyperplasias induced by DHPN and by NNK were here examined immunohistochemically. Formalin fixed paraffin embedded lung samples with hyperplastic and inflammatory lesions were obtained from rats exposed to DHPN or NNK and from lung inflammation models induced with fine particles like CuO, NiO and quartz. The 19 markers were examined immunohistochemically. Napsin A, in the inflammatory lesions and hyperplasia induced by NNK, was positive for macrophages and secretions in the alveoli spaces but less so in the walls of the alveoli. In the proliferative lesions including hyperplasia induced by DHPN, strong positive staining for napsin A was observed in the walls of the alveoli. Thus high expression was suggested to be possibly useful for detecting tumorigenic potential of rat lung hyperplasia.
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12
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Yokohira M, Nakano Y, Yamakawa K, Kishi S, Ninomiya F, Saoo K, Imaida K. Strain differences in pleural mesothelial cell reactions induced by potassium octatitanate fibers (TISMO) infused directly into the thoracic cavity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:925-32. [PMID: 23375775 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although we have previously reported that the fiber-shaped TISMO, morphologically similar to asbestos, can induce a severe mesothelial reaction in A/J mice, it is important to clarify any strain differences. In the present study, female A/J, C3H/HeN, ICR and C57BL/6 mice were therefore employed as test strains. At the beginning of the experiment, all mice underwent a left thoracotomy and direct administration of 3mg of TISMO particles suspended in 0.2 ml saline into the left thorax. The experiment was terminated after 21 weeks and all groups were sacrificed and the mesothelium and main organs were examined histopathologically. To contribute to mechanistic analysis, iron staining with Berlin blue and Turnbull's blue, and immunostaining for calretinin were also performed. The present experiment demonstrated only minor strain differences in the degree of pleural reaction to TISMO. However, there was clear variation in the iron and lymphocyte accumulation in the pleura and in the liver. This difference in response to TISMO fibers in vivo is important information when considering the development of mesothelioma as an animal model and the extrapolation to human risk from such animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanao Yokohira
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
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13
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Yokohira M, Nakano Y, Hashimoto N, Yamakawa K, Ninomiya F, Kishi S, Saoo K, Imaida K. Toxicity of nicotine by repeated intratracheal instillation to f344 rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2012; 25:257-63. [PMID: 23345928 PMCID: PMC3517921 DOI: 10.1293/tox.25.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo, nicotine in cigarette smoke induces various effects not only on the respiratory system but also the central and peripheral nerve systems, circulatory organs and digestive organs, and there is a possibility of promotion of lung tumorigenesis. The present experiment was conducted to examine histopathological changes caused by nicotine in the lung with repeated intratracheal instillation (i.t.). Six-week-old male F344 rats were administered nicotine by i.t. at doses of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mg nicotine/rat every 3 weeks beginning at week 4, for up to a total of 9 times and were then sacrificed at week 30. The total number of administrations, total dose of nicotine and effective number of rats were 9 times, 0.45 mg and 5 rats and 4 times, 0.20 mg and 5 rats for the 0.05 mg nicotine/rat group; 3 times, 0.30 mg and 5 rats and 4 times, 0.40 mg and 3 rats for the 0.1 mg group; and 3 times, 0.60 mg and 3 rats for the 0.2 mg group, respectively. As a control group, 5 rats were administered 0.2 ml saline/rat 9 times. Some rats administered 0.1 and 0.2 mg nicotine suffered convulsions just after administration. Histopathologically, though proliferative changes were not observed, neutrophil infiltration, edema and fibrosis in the lung were induced by nicotine. In conclusion, repeated treatment of nicotine promoted neurologic symptoms in the acute phase, and strong inflammation in the lungs in the chronic phase, even at a low dose. Toxicity of nicotine is suggested to depend not on total dose of nicotine in the experiment but rather on repeated injury with consecutive administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanao Yokohira
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
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14
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Tada Y, Yano N, Takahashi H, Yuzawa K, Ando H, Kubo Y, Nagasawa A, Ogata A, Nakae D. Acute phase pulmonary responses to a single intratracheal spray instillation of magnetite (fe(3)o(4)) nanoparticles in Fischer 344 rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2012; 25:233-9. [PMID: 23345925 PMCID: PMC3517918 DOI: 10.1293/tox.25.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron nanomaterials are of considerable interest for application to nanotechnology-related fields including environmental catalysis, biomedical imaging, drug delivery and hyperthermia, because of their superparamagnetic characteristics and high catalytic abilities. However, information about potential risks of iron nanomaterials is limited. The present study assessed pulmonary responses to a single intratracheal spray instillation of triiron tetraoxide nanoparticles (magnetite) in rats. Ten-week-old male and female Fischer 344 rats (n=5/group) were exposed to a single intratracheal spray instillation of 0 (vehicle), 5.0, 15.0 or 45.0 mg/kg body weight (BW) of magnetite. After 14 days, the rats were sacrificed, and biological consequences were investigated. The lung weights of the 15.0 and 45.0 mg/kg BW male and female groups were significantly higher than those of the control groups. The lungs of treated rats showed enlargement and black patches originating from the color of magnetite. The typical histopathological changes in the lungs of the treated rats included infiltration of macrophages phagocytosing magnetite, inflammatory cell infiltration, granuloma formation and an increase of goblet cells in the bronchial epithelium. The results clearly show that instilled magnetite causes foreign body inflammatory and granulating lesions in the lung. These pulmonary responses occur in a dose-dependent manner in association with the increase in lung weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukie Tada
- Departments of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
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15
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Yokohira M, Hashimoto N, Yamakawa K, Suzuki S, Saoo K, Kuno T, Imaida K. Potassium octatitanate fibers (TISMO) induce pleural mesothelial cell reactions with iron accumulation in female A/J mice. Oncol Lett 2010; 1:589-594. [PMID: 22966348 DOI: 10.3892/ol_00000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
It is crucial to develop therapeutic approaches for malignant mesothelioma, as well as to obtain information involving the possible mechanism involved in the development of mesothelioma. Subsequently, thoracotomy was performed to infuse test particles directly into the thoracic cavity of A/J mice. Fiber-shaped particles of potassium octatitanate (TISMO) and granular-shaped micro- and nano-size order particles of titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) were employed (1.5 mg in 0.2 ml saline/mouse). The experiment was terminated after 21 weeks to assess responses. Only the fiber-shaped TISMO, morphologically similar to asbestos, induced a severe reaction of the pleura. A number of TISMO fibers were observed in the alveoli, indicating penetration through the pleura. Following Berlin blue staining, positive spots were observed around the TISMO fibers, indicative of iron. These positive spots corresponded with cells that immunostained positively for calretinin, a marker of mesothelial cells. Similar observations were reported for asbestos-induced mesothelioma. The present study showed that only fiber-shaped TISMO induced severe reactions of the mesothelium in the pleura, and these involved iron accumulation derived from endogenous sources. The results indicate that the risk of mesothelial cell reaction does not depend on particle size, but may depend on shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanao Yokohira
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
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16
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Kohno M, Haramoto M, Nakajima O, Yang L, Hinotsu S, Yokohira M, Imaida K, Kawakami K. Antedrug Budesonide by Intrapulmonary Treatment Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Lung Injury in Rats with Minimal Systemic Adverse Effects. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:1206-11. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.1206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Kohno
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University
| | - Mari Haramoto
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University
| | - Oumi Nakajima
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University
| | - Liying Yang
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University
| | - Shiro Hinotsu
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University
| | - Masanao Yokohira
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University
| | - Katsumi Imaida
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University
| | - Koji Kawakami
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University
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Yokohira M, Hashimoto N, Yamakawa K, Suzuki S, Saoo K, Kuno T, Imaida K. Lack of Modifying Effects of Intratracheal Instillation of Quartz or Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS) in Drinking Water on Lung Tumor Development Initiated with 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in Female A/J Mice. J Toxicol Pathol 2009; 22:179-85. [PMID: 22271992 PMCID: PMC3252039 DOI: 10.1293/tox.22.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of inflammation, induced by intratracheal instillation (i.t.) of quartz as an environmental factor in the lung or drinking of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) as an environmental factor in the colon on lung tumors in female A/J mice initiated with NNK. For comparison, colonic preneoplastic lesions, aberrant crypt foci (ACF), were also assessed. A/J mice at 6 weeks of age were divided into 5 groups, and Groups 1, 2 and 3 were pretreated with NNK (2 mg / 0.1 ml saline / mouse, intraperitoneal injection) at week 0. For a week, 2% DSS in drinking water was administered to the mice in Groups 2 and 4 beginning in week 1. In week 2, the mice of Groups 3 and 5 were exposed to intratracheal instillation of quartz (0.1 mg/rat) suspended in 25 μl saline. The experiment was terminated after 16 weeks. The results for the lung tumors and colonic ACFs showed a lack of modifying effects of the inflammation in either site. Hematologically and histopathologically, the inflammation induced by 0.1 mg quartz in the lung and 2% DSS in the colon was lacking or only mild at the end of 16 weeks. These results suggest that there may be differences in sensitivity to inflammation that determine tumor promoting potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanao Yokohira
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
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