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Nusantoro AP, Kuntaman K, Perdanakusuma DS. Management of wounds in diabetes by administering allicin and quercetin in emulsion form as wound medicine in diabetic rat models. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2024; 0:jcim-2023-0177. [PMID: 38308387 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2023-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Wounds in diabetes is a complex problem that requires effective treatment at a high cost. Adjuvant therapy from natural bioactive elements can be an alternative to overcome problems in diabetic wound healing disorders. Allicin and quercetin are natural bioactive substances contained in several fruit or vegetable plants that have various pharmacological effects. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of allicin and quercetin in emulsion form as wound medicine in helping the wound healing process. Diabetic wistar rats with wounds on their backs measuring 1 × 1 cm were divided into four treatment groups which were given wound medicine once a day for seven days according to their distribution. The wound healing process was evaluated on the third and seventh day. Data were observed and analyzed using appropriate statistical tools. Measurement of wound healing indicators was carried out by examining wound contraction and histopathological examination showing that the treatment group given the allicin and quercetin formula experienced an improvement compared to the treatment group without allicin and quercetin. Allicin and quercetin increase the percentage of wound contraction, increase the density of blood vessels and the epithelialization process in the wound so that the wound healing process becomes faster. In conclusion, allicin and quercetin can be effective adjuvant therapies in helping wound healing in diabetes. Wound medication in the form of an emulsion is an effective choice, because it can maintain the stability of the allicin and quercetin content and can make the wound environment moist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agik Priyo Nusantoro
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Kusuma Husada, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Kuntaman Kuntaman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - David Sontani Perdanakusuma
- Department of Reconstructive and Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Deng Y, Ho CT, Lan Y, Xiao J, Lu M. Bioavailability, Health Benefits, and Delivery Systems of Allicin: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:19207-19220. [PMID: 37943254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Garlic has been used worldwide as a spice due to its pungent taste and flavor-enhancing properties. As a main biologically active component of the freshly crushed garlic extracts, allicin (diallyl thiosulfinate) is converted from alliin by alliinase upon damaging the garlic clove, which has been reported to have many potent beneficial biological functions. In this work, allicin formation, stability, bioavailability, and metabolism process are examined and summarized. The biological functions of allicin and potential underlying mechanisms are reviewed and discussed, including antioxidation, anti-inflammation, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, antineurodegenerative, antitumor, and antiobesity effects. Novel delivery systems of allicin with enhanced stability, encapsulation efficiency, and bioavailability are also evaluated, such as nanoparticles, gels, liposomes, and micelles. This study could provide a comprehensive understanding of the physiochemical properties and health benefits of allicin, with great potential for further applications in the food and nutraceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupei Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Yaqi Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Muwen Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
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Ma XX, Liu QK, Kuai L, Ma X, Luo Y, Luo Y, Song JK, Fei XY, Jiang JS, Wang MX, Shen F, Ru Y, Li B. The role of neutrophils in diabetic ulcers and targeting therapeutic strategies. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110861. [PMID: 37713783 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic ulcers (DUs) are a common complication of diabetes with high morbidity, poor prognosis, and a high socio-economic burden. The main pathological manifestations of DUs are chronic inflammation, impaired re-epithelialization, and impaired angiogenesis. During the inflammatory phase, neutrophils are one of the main DU cell types and act by releasing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), leading to poor healing in DUs. This review summarizes the role of neutrophils in the pathology and treatment of DUs, with a view to potential novel therapies and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xuan Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China; Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qing-Kai Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China; Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Le Kuai
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China; Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China; Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Yue Luo
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China; Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian-Kun Song
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Xiao-Ya Fei
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Jing-Si Jiang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Ming-Xia Wang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Fang Shen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Yi Ru
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China; Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China.
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Demir D, Toygar I, Soylu E, Aksu AT, Türeyen A, Yıldırım I, Çetinkalp Ş. The Effect of Lavandula stoechas on Wound Healing in an Experimental Diabetes Model. Cureus 2023; 15:e45001. [PMID: 37829966 PMCID: PMC10565121 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic foot is a consequential and dangerous complication of diabetes, contributing to decreased quality of life, escalated hospitalizations, and increased mortality rates. Using an experimental model of diabetes, this study aims to investigate the effect of Lavandula stoechas on wound healing. METHODS A total of 35 albino Wistar rats, 250-350 grams in weight, were used. The rats were divided into five groups, seven rats in each group. Of these, 21 rats were induced with 50 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) to mimic the diabetic condition. Additionally, 14 rats remained non-diabetic and served as the control group. The diabetic rats were further divided into three subgroups. The non-diabetic group was split into two subgroups based on the dressing materials used (allicin, physiological serum, and control). Wound dimensions were assessed on Days 0, 7, 14, and 21. Biopsies were taken from the wound sites at the same time. RESULTS There were significant differences between groups on Days 7, 14, and 21. The percentage of healing was highest in the Lavandula Stoechas group on Days 7, 14, and 21. Microscopic examination of the biopsies supported accelerated wound healing on Days 7 and 14. Reduced mononuclear cell density and increased hair follicle and adipose tissue development were observed in the DM (diabetes mellitus)-Lavandula Stoechas group on Day 7. On Day 14, the DM-Lavandula Stoechas group increased collagen levels and hair follicles. Similarly, the non-DM-Lavandula Stoechas group showed reduced bullae, dermal edema, and intraepithelial edema on Day 7. This was followed by increased fibroblast levels on Day 14. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study provides compelling evidence for the potential of Lavandula stoechas extract in the enhancement of diabetic wound healing. The multiple interactions revealed here highlight the need for further investigation into the underlying mechanisms. A cost-effective use of Lavandula stoechas opens up promising prospects in managing diabetic foot healing. This warrants additional research and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Demir
- Pathology, Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, TUR
| | - Ismail Toygar
- Nursing, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Fethiye Faculty of Health Sciences, Muğla, TUR
| | - Emrah Soylu
- Miscellaneous, Ege University, Center for Research on Laboratory Animals, İzmir, TUR
| | | | - Aynur Türeyen
- Miscellaneous, Ege University, Faculty of Nursing, İzmir, TUR
| | - Ilgın Yıldırım
- Diabetes and Endocrinology, Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, TUR
| | - Şevki Çetinkalp
- Diabetes and Endocrinology, Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, TUR
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Qian R, Chen H, Lin H, Jiang Y, He P, Ding Y, Wu H, Peng Y, Wang L, Chen C, Wang D, Ji W, Guo X, Shan X. The protective roles of allicin on type 1 diabetes mellitus through AMPK/mTOR mediated autophagy pathway. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1108730. [PMID: 36817124 PMCID: PMC9937553 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1108730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most common endocrine and metabolic diseases in children. Pancreatic β cells are thought to be critical cells involved in the progression of T1DM, and their injury would directly lead to impaired insulin secretion. Purpose: To investigate the protective effects of allicin on pancreatic β cell injury and elucidate the underlying mechanism. Methods: The streptozotocin (STZ)-induced mouse T1DM model in vivo and STZ-induced pancreatic β cell Min6 model in vitro were used to explore the effects of allicin on T1DM. The experiments include fasting blood glucose test, oral glucose tolerance detection, HE staining, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, TUNEL staining, western blot, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and flow cytometry. Results: Allicin could significantly decrease blood glucose level, improve islet structure and insulin expression, and inhibit apoptosis to reduce STZ-induced pancreatic β cell injury and loss through activating AMPK/mTOR mediated autophagy pathway. Conclusion: Allicin treatment significantly reduced STZ-induced T1DM progression, suggesting that allicin may be a potential therapy option for T1DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rengcheng Qian
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Schoozl of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huihui Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Schoozl of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongzhou Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Schoozl of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yalan Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Schoozl of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pingping He
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Schoozl of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinjuan Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Schoozl of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huilan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Schoozl of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongmiao Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Schoozl of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingfei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Schoozl of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Congde Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Schoozl of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,Key Laboratory of Children Genitourinary Diseases of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dexuan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Schoozl of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,Key Laboratory of Children Genitourinary Diseases of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiping Ji
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Weiping Ji, ; Xiaoling Guo, ; Xiaoou Shan,
| | - Xiaoling Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Schoozl of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,Key Laboratory of Children Genitourinary Diseases of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,Basic Medical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Weiping Ji, ; Xiaoling Guo, ; Xiaoou Shan,
| | - Xiaoou Shan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Schoozl of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,Key Laboratory of Children Genitourinary Diseases of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Weiping Ji, ; Xiaoling Guo, ; Xiaoou Shan,
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Jiang Y, Yue R, Liu G, Liu J, Peng B, Yang M, Zhao L, Li Z. Garlic ( Allium sativum L.) in diabetes and its complications: Recent advances in mechanisms of action. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5290-5340. [PMID: 36503329 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2153793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and impaired islet secretion that places a heavy burden on the global health care system due to its high incidence rate, long disease course and many complications. Fortunately, garlic (Allium sativum L.), a well-known medicinal plant and functional food without the toxicity and side effects of conventional drugs, has shown positive effects in the treatment of diabetes and its complications. With interdisciplinary development and in-depth exploration, we offer a clear and comprehensive summary of the research from the past ten years, focusing on the mechanisms and development processes of garlic in the treatment of diabetes and its complications, aiming to provide a new perspective for the treatment of diabetes and promote the efficient development of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayi Jiang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rensong Yue
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guojie Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Liu
- People's Hospital of NanJiang, Bazhong, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Maoyi Yang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lianxue Zhao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zihan Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Tanase DM, Gosav EM, Anton MI, Floria M, Seritean Isac PN, Hurjui LL, Tarniceriu CC, Costea CF, Ciocoiu M, Rezus C. Oxidative Stress and NRF2/KEAP1/ARE Pathway in Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD): New Perspectives. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091227. [PMID: 36139066 PMCID: PMC9496369 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most debilitating chronic diseases worldwide, with increased prevalence and incidence. In addition to its macrovascular damage, through its microvascular complications, such as Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD), DM further compounds the quality of life of these patients. Considering DKD is the main cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in developed countries, extensive research is currently investigating the matrix of DKD pathophysiology. Hyperglycemia, inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) are the main mechanisms behind this disease. By generating pro-inflammatory factors (e.g., IL-1,6,18, TNF-α, TGF-β, NF-κB, MCP-1, VCAM-1, ICAM-1) and the activation of diverse pathways (e.g., PKC, ROCK, AGE/RAGE, JAK-STAT), they promote a pro-oxidant state with impairment of the antioxidant system (NRF2/KEAP1/ARE pathway) and, finally, alterations in the renal filtration unit. Hitherto, a wide spectrum of pre-clinical and clinical studies shows the beneficial use of NRF2-inducing strategies, such as NRF2 activators (e.g., Bardoxolone methyl, Curcumin, Sulforaphane and their analogues), and other natural compounds with antioxidant properties in DKD treatment. However, limitations regarding the lack of larger clinical trials, solubility or delivery hamper their implementation for clinical use. Therefore, in this review, we will discuss DKD mechanisms, especially oxidative stress (OS) and NRF2/KEAP1/ARE involvement, while highlighting the potential of therapeutic approaches that target DKD via OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Maria Tanase
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Evelina Maria Gosav
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Madalina Ioana Anton
- Department of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- I Rheumatology Clinic, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mariana Floria
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Petronela Nicoleta Seritean Isac
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Loredana Liliana Hurjui
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Physiology Discipline, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Hematology Laboratory, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Claudia Cristina Tarniceriu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I, Discipline of Anatomy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Hematology Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Claudia Florida Costea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- 2nd Ophthalmology Clinic, “Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iași, Romania
| | - Manuela Ciocoiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ciprian Rezus
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
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Tedeschi P, Nigro M, Travagli A, Catani M, Cavazzini A, Merighi S, Gessi S. Therapeutic Potential of Allicin and Aged Garlic Extract in Alzheimer’s Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136950. [PMID: 35805955 PMCID: PMC9266652 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Garlic, Allium sativum, has long been utilized for a number of medicinal purposes around the world, and its medical benefits have been well documented. The health benefits of garlic likely arise from a wide variety of components, possibly working synergistically. Garlic and garlic extracts, especially aged garlic extracts (AGEs), are rich in bioactive compounds, with potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective activities. In light of these effects, garlic and its components have been examined in experimental models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia without therapy, and a growing health concern in aging societies. With the aim of offering an updated overview, this paper reviews the chemical composition, metabolism and bioavailability of garlic bioactive compounds. In addition, it provides an overview of signaling mechanisms triggered by garlic derivatives, with a focus on allicin and AGE, to improve learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Tedeschi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences—DOCPAS, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (P.T.); (M.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Manuela Nigro
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.N.); (A.T.); (S.G.)
| | - Alessia Travagli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.N.); (A.T.); (S.G.)
| | - Martina Catani
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences—DOCPAS, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (P.T.); (M.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences—DOCPAS, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (P.T.); (M.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Stefania Merighi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.N.); (A.T.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0532-455434
| | - Stefania Gessi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.N.); (A.T.); (S.G.)
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Nadeem MS, Kazmi I, Ullah I, Muhammad K, Anwar F. Allicin, an Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Agent, Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:87. [PMID: 35052591 PMCID: PMC8772758 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Allicin (diallylthiosulfinate) is a defense molecule produced by cellular contents of garlic (Allium sativum L.). On tissue damage, the non-proteinogenic amino acid alliin (S-allylcysteine sulfoxide) is converted to allicin in an enzyme-mediated process catalysed by alliinase. Allicin is hydrophobic in nature, can efficiently cross the cellular membranes and behaves as a reactive sulfur species (RSS) inside the cells. It is physiologically active molecule with the ability to oxidise the thiol groups of glutathione and between cysteine residues in proteins. Allicin has shown anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant properties and also serves as an efficient therapeutic agent against cardiovascular diseases. In this context, the present review describes allicin as an antioxidant, and neuroprotective molecule that can ameliorate the cognitive abilities in case of neurodegenerative and neuropsychological disorders. As an antioxidant, allicin fights the reactive oxygen species (ROS) by downregulation of NOX (NADPH oxidizing) enzymes, it can directly interact to reduce the cellular levels of different types of ROS produced by a variety of peroxidases. Most of the neuroprotective actions of allicin are mediated via redox-dependent pathways. Allicin inhibits neuroinflammation by suppressing the ROS production, inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB, P38 and JNK pathways. As an inhibitor of cholinesterase and (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) it can be applied to manage the Alzheimer's disease, helps to maintain the balance of neurotransmitters in case of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactive syndrome (ADHD). In case of acute traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) allicin protects neuron damage by regulating inflammation, apoptosis and promoting the expression levels of Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2). Metal induced neurodegeneration can also be attenuated and cognitive abilities of patients suffering from neurological diseases can be ameliorates by allicin administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid Nadeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; or
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; or
| | - Inam Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan; (I.U.); (K.M.)
| | - Khushi Muhammad
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan; (I.U.); (K.M.)
| | - Firoz Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; or
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Chen W, Li X, Zeng L, Pan H, Liu Z. Allicin-loaded chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol scaffolds as a potential wound dressing material to treat diabetic wounds: An in vitro and in vivo study. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Formulation and Evaluation of Helichrysum italicum Essential Oil-Based Topical Formulations for Wound Healing in Diabetic Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080813. [PMID: 34451910 PMCID: PMC8400224 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As proper wound management is crucial to reducing morbidity and improving quality of life, this study evaluated for the first time the wound healing potential of H. italicum essential oil (HIEO) prepared in the form of ointment and gel in streptozotocin-induced diabetic wound models in rats. After creating full-thickness cutaneous wounds, forty-eight diabetic rats were divided into six groups: (1) negative control; (2) positive control; (3) ointment base; (4) gel base; (5) 0.5% HIEO ointment (6) 0.5% HIEO gel. Wound healing potential was determined by the percentage of wound contraction, hydroxyproline content, redox status, and histological observation. A significant decrease in the wound size was observed in animals treated with HIEO formulations compared with other groups. The HIEO groups also showed a higher level of total hydroxyproline content, and more pronounced restitution of adnexal structures with only the underlying muscle defect indicating the incision site. Hence, our results legitimate the traditional data of the pro-healing effect of HIEO because HIEO in both formulations such as gel and ointment exhibited the significant wound repairing effect in the incision wound model.
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Cam ME, Ertas B, Alenezi H, Hazar-Yavuz AN, Cesur S, Ozcan GS, Ekentok C, Guler E, Katsakouli C, Demirbas Z, Akakin D, Eroglu MS, Kabasakal L, Gunduz O, Edirisinghe M. Accelerated diabetic wound healing by topical application of combination oral antidiabetic agents-loaded nanofibrous scaffolds: An in vitro and in vivo evaluation study. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 119:111586. [PMID: 33321632 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The combination of oral antidiabetic drugs, pioglitazone, metformin, and glibenclamide, which also exhibit the strongest anti-inflammatory action among oral antidiabetic drugs, were loaded into chitosan/gelatin/polycaprolactone (PCL) by electrospinning and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)/PCL composite nanofibrous scaffolds by pressurized gyration to compare the diabetic wound healing effect. The combination therapies significantly accelerated diabetic wound healing in type-1 diabetic rats and organized densely packed collagen fibers in the dermis, it also showed better regeneration of the dermis and epidermis than single drug-loaded scaffolds with less inflammatory cell infiltration and edema. The formation of the hair follicles started in 14 days only in the combination therapy and lower proinflammatory cytokine levels were observed compared to single drug-loaded treatment groups. The combination therapy increased the wettability and hydrophilicity of scaffolds, demonstrated sustained drug release over 14 days, has high tensile strength and suitable cytocompatibility on L929 (mouse fibroblast) cell and created a suitable area for the proliferation of fibroblast cells. Consequently, the application of metformin and pioglitazone-loaded chitosan/gelatin/PCL nanofibrous scaffolds to a diabetic wound area offer high bioavailability, fewer systemic side effects, and reduced frequency of dosage and amount of drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Emin Cam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK; Center for Nanotechnology and Biomaterials Application and Research, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul 34716, Turkey.
| | - Busra Ertas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul 34716, Turkey
| | - Hussain Alenezi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK; Department of Manufacturing Engineering, College of Technological Studies, PAAET, 13092 Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ayse Nur Hazar-Yavuz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul 34716, Turkey
| | - Sumeyye Cesur
- Center for Nanotechnology and Biomaterials Application and Research, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey; Department of Metallurgy and Material Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Gul Sinemcan Ozcan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey
| | - Ceyda Ekentok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Ece Guler
- Center for Nanotechnology and Biomaterials Application and Research, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul 34716, Turkey
| | - Christina Katsakouli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Zehra Demirbas
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
| | - Dilek Akakin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sayip Eroglu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey; Chemistry Group Laboratories, TUBITAK-UME, Kocaeli 41470, Turkey
| | - Levent Kabasakal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul 34716, Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Gunduz
- Center for Nanotechnology and Biomaterials Application and Research, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey; Department of Metallurgy and Material Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Mohan Edirisinghe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK.
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