1
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Bomberna T, Maleux G, Debbaut C. Simplification strategies for a patient-specific CFD model of particle transport during liver radioembolization. Comput Biol Med 2024; 178:108732. [PMID: 38875911 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-specific 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations have been used previously to identify the impact of injection parameters (e.g. injection location, velocity, etc.) on the particle distribution and the tumor dose during transarterial injection of radioactive microspheres for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, these simulations are computationally costly, so we aim to evaluate whether these can be reliably simplified. METHODS We identified and applied five simplification strategies (i.e. truncation, steady flow modelling, moderate and severe grid coarsening, and reducing the number of cardiac cycles) to a patient-specific CFD setup. Subsequently, we evaluated whether these strategies can be used to (1) accurately predict the CFD output (i.e. particle distribution and tumor dose) and (2) quantify the sensitivity of the model output to a specific injection parameter (injection flow rate). RESULTS For both accuracy and sensitivity purposes, moderate grid coarsening is the most reliable simplification strategy, allowing to predict the tumor dose with only a maximal deviation of 1.4 %, and a similar sensitivity (deviation of 0.7 %). The steady strategy performs the worst, with a maximal deviation in the tumor dose of 20 % and a difference in sensitivity of 10 %. CONCLUSION The patient-specific 3D CFD simulations of this study can be reliably simplified by coarsening the grid, decreasing the computational time by roughly 45 %, which works especially well for sensitivity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Bomberna
- IBiTech-BioMMedA, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Geert Maleux
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Debbaut
- IBiTech-BioMMedA, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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2
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Pioch T, Fischer T, Schneider M. Aspherical, Nano-Structured Drug Delivery System with Tunable Release and Clearance for Pulmonary Applications. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:232. [PMID: 38399290 PMCID: PMC10891959 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Addressing the challenge of efficient drug delivery to the lungs, a nano-structured, microparticulate carrier system with defined and customizable dimensions has been developed. Utilizing a template-assisted approach and capillary forces, particles were rapidly loaded and stabilized. The system employs a biocompatible alginate gel as a stabilizing matrix, facilitating the breakdown of the carrier in body fluids with the subsequent release of its nano-load, while also mitigating long-term accumulation in the lung. Different gel strengths and stabilizing steps were applied, allowing us to tune the release kinetics, as evaluated by a quantitative method based on a flow-imaging system. The micro-cylinders demonstrated superior aerodynamic properties in Next Generation Impactor (NGI) experiments, such as a smaller median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD), while yielding a higher fine particle fraction (FPF) than spherical particles similar in critical dimensions. They exhibited negligible toxicity to a differentiated macrophage cell line (dTHP-1) for up to 24 h of incubation. The kinetics of the cellular uptake by dTHP-1 cells was assessed via fluorescence microscopy, revealing an uptake-rate dependence on the aspect ratio (AR = l/d); cylinders with high AR were phagocytosed more slowly than shorter rods and comparable spherical particles. This indicates that this novel drug delivery system can modulate macrophage uptake and clearance by adjusting its geometric parameters while maintaining optimal aerodynamic properties and featuring a biodegradable stabilizing matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marc Schneider
- Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (T.P.); (T.F.)
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3
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Yang R, Gu Y, Qin J, Liu Q, Liu Q. Potential role of Chinese medicine nanoparticles to treat coronary artery disease. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19766. [PMID: 37809499 PMCID: PMC10559060 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death worldwide, while conventional treatments such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have limitations. This review aims to explore the potential of nanoparticles loaded with Chinese medicine in the treatment of CAD. We conducted a comprehensive literature search to summarize the characteristics of nanovehicle systems, targeting strategies, and administration methods of various nanoparticles containing Chinese medicine for CAD treatment. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems, capable of delivering Chinese medicine, offer several advantages, including high targeting efficiency, prolonged half-life, and low systemic toxicity, making them promising for CAD treatment. Overall, nanoparticles containing Chinese medicine present a promising approach for the treatment of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongyuan Yang
- The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Yingming Gu
- The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Jinying Qin
- The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Qing Liu
- The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, 510120, China
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4
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Wei Z, Zhou Y, Wang R, Wang J, Chen Z. Aptamers as Smart Ligands for Targeted Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2561. [PMID: 36559056 PMCID: PMC9781707 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Undesirable side effects and multidrug tolerance are the main holdbacks to the treatment of cancer in conventional chemotherapy. Fortunately, targeted drug delivery can improve the enrichment of drugs at the target site and reduce toxicity to normal tissues and cells. A targeted drug delivery system is usually composed of a nanocarrier and a targeting component. The targeting component is called a "ligand". Aptamers have high target affinity and specificity, which are identified as attractive and promising ligands. Therefore, aptamers have potential application in the development of smart targeting systems. For instance, aptamers are able to efficiently recognize tumor markers such as nucleolin, mucin, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Besides, aptamers can also identify glycoproteins on the surface of tumor cells. Thus, the aptamer-mediated targeted drug delivery system has received extensive attention in the application of cancer therapy. This article reviews the application of aptamers as smart ligands for targeted drug delivery in cancer therapy. Special interest is focused on aptamers as smart ligands, aptamer-conjugated nanocarriers, aptamer targeting strategy for tumor microenvironment (TME), and aptamers that are specified to crucial cancer biomarkers for targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jin Wang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Zhenhua Chen
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
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5
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Sorafenib tosylate loaded superparamagnetic nanoparticles: Development, optimization and cytotoxicity analysis on HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Dhilip Kumar SS, Abrahamse H. Recent advances in the development of biocompatible nanocarriers and their cancer cell targeting efficiency in photodynamic therapy. Front Chem 2022; 10:969809. [PMID: 36046728 PMCID: PMC9420852 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.969809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the role of biocompatible nanocarriers (BNs) and their cancer cell targeting efficiency in photodynamic therapy (PDT) holds potential benefits for cancer treatment. Biocompatible and biodegradable nanoparticles are successfully used as carrier molecules to deliver cancer drugs and photosensitizers due to their material safety in the drug delivery system. Biocompatible nanocarriers are non-toxic and ensure high-level biocompatibility with blood, cells, and physiological conditions. The physicochemical properties of BNs often enable them to modify their surface chemistry, which makes conjugating specific ligands or antibodies to achieve cancer cell targeting drug delivery in PDT. This review article focuses on the various types of BNs used in targeted drug delivery, physicochemical properties, and surface chemistry of BNs in targeted drug delivery, advantages of BNs in drug delivery systems, and the targeting efficiency of BNs on some specific targeting receptors for cancer therapy. Furthermore, the review briefly recaps the nanocarrier-based targeted approaches in cancer PDT.
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7
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Capecelatro J, Longest W, Boerman C, Sulaiman M, Sundaresan S. Recent developments in the computational simulation of dry powder inhalers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 188:114461. [PMID: 35868587 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews recent developments in computational modeling of dry powder inhalers (DPIs). DPIs deliver drug formulations (sometimes blended with larger carrier particles) to a patient's lungs via inhalation. Inhaler design is complicated by the need for maximum aerosolization efficiency, which is favored by high levels of turbulence near the mouthpiece, with low extrathoracic depositional loss, which requires low turbulence levels near the mouth-throat region. In this article, we review the physical processes contributing to aerosolization and subsequent dispersion and deposition. We assess the performance characteristics of DPIs using existing simulation techniques and offer a perspective on how such simulations can be improved to capture the physical processes occurring over a wide range of length- and timescales more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Capecelatro
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Worth Longest
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Connor Boerman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mostafa Sulaiman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Sankaran Sundaresan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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8
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Ortega J, Antón R, Ramos JC, Rivas A, S. Larraona G, Sangro B, Bilbao JI, Aramburu J. Computational study of a novel catheter for liver radioembolization. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2022; 38:e3577. [PMID: 35094497 PMCID: PMC9286848 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Radioembolization (RE) is a medical treatment for primary and secondary liver cancer that involves the transcatheter intraarterial delivery of micron-sized and radiation-emitting microspheres, with the goal of improving microsphere deposition in the tumoral bed while sparing healthy tissue. An increasing number of in vitro and in silico studies on RE in the literature suggest that the particle injection velocity, spatial location of the catheter tip and catheter type are important parameters in particle distribution. The present in silico study assesses the performance of a novel catheter design that promotes particle dispersion near the injection point, with the goal of generating a particle distribution that mimics the flow split to facilitate tumour targeting. The design is based on two factors: the direction and the velocity at which particles are released from the catheter. A series of simulations was performed with the catheter inserted at an idealised hepatic artery tree with physiologically realistic boundary conditions. Two longitudinal microcatheter positions in the first generation of the tree were studied by analysing the performance of the catheter in terms of the outlet-to-outlet particle distribution and split flow matching. The results show that the catheter with the best performance is one with side holes on the catheter wall and a closed frontal tip. This catheter promotes a flow-split-matching particle distribution, which improves as the injection crossflow increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Ortega
- Escuela de Ingeniería MecánicaPontificia Universidad Católica de ValparaísoQuilpuéChile
- Universidad de NavarraTecnun ‐ Escuela de IngenieríaDonostia‐San SebastiánSpain
| | - Raúl Antón
- Universidad de NavarraTecnun ‐ Escuela de IngenieríaDonostia‐San SebastiánSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de NavarraIdiSNAPamplonaSpain
| | - Juan Carlos Ramos
- Universidad de NavarraTecnun ‐ Escuela de IngenieríaDonostia‐San SebastiánSpain
| | - Alejandro Rivas
- Universidad de NavarraTecnun ‐ Escuela de IngenieríaDonostia‐San SebastiánSpain
| | - Gorka S. Larraona
- Universidad de NavarraTecnun ‐ Escuela de IngenieríaDonostia‐San SebastiánSpain
| | - Bruno Sangro
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de NavarraIdiSNAPamplonaSpain
| | - José Ignacio Bilbao
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de NavarraIdiSNAPamplonaSpain
- Department of RadiologyClínica Universidad de NavarraPamplonaSpain
| | - Jorge Aramburu
- Universidad de NavarraTecnun ‐ Escuela de IngenieríaDonostia‐San SebastiánSpain
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9
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Gurumurthy A, Kleinstreuer C. Analysis of improved oral drug delivery with different helical stream inhalation modes. Comput Biol Med 2022; 141:105132. [PMID: 34998086 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.105132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A challenging aspect of pulmonary drug delivery devices, e.g., metered dose inhalers (MDIs), is to deliver therapeutic drugs to prescribed target locations at the required dosage level. In this study, validated computer simulations of micron-drug inhalation with angled or radially positioned helical fluid-particle streams are simulated and analyzed. For a suitable swirl number significant improvements in drug delivery, especially to deeper lung regions, have been achieved. Specifically, considering realistic polydisperse particle distributions at the mouth inlet for a subject-specific upper lung airway geometry, a 10-degree angled helical stream increased the local efficacy by up to 26% in comparison to a conventional helical stream, causing an overall dosage of about 60% to the deep lung. Considering lobe-specific drug targeting scenarios, while using an off-center, i.e., radially well positioned, helical-flow mouthpiece, the local particle-deposition efficacy increased from 9% to 24% in the left lobe and from 25% to 38% in the right lobe in comparison to conventional drug-aerosol stream released from the central position. The efficacy of helical streams for pulmonary drug delivery applications has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adithya Gurumurthy
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Clement Kleinstreuer
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, NC, 27695, USA; Joint UNC-NCSU Department of Biomedical Engineering, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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10
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Qiao Y, Wang Y, Chen Y, Luo K, Fan J. Mathematical modeling of shear-activated targeted nanoparticle drug delivery for the treatment of aortic diseases. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2021; 21:221-230. [PMID: 34748063 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-021-01530-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The human aorta is a high-risk area for vascular diseases, which are commonly restored by thoracic endovascular aortic repair. In this paper, we report a promising shear-activated targeted nanoparticle drug delivery strategy to assist in the treatment of coarctation of the aorta and aortic aneurysm. Idealized three-dimensional geometric models of coarctation of the aorta and aortic aneurysm are designed, respectively. The unique hemodynamic environment of the diseased aorta is used to improve nanoparticle drug delivery. Micro-carriers with nanoparticle drugs would be targeting activated to release nanoparticle drugs by local abnormal shear stress rate (SSR). Coarctation of the aorta provides a high SSR hemodynamic environment, while the aortic aneurysm is exposed to low SSR. We propose a method to calculate the SSR thresholds for the diseased aorta. Results show that the upstream near-wall area of the diseased location is an ideal injection location for the micro-carriers, which could be activated by the abnormal SSR. Released nanoparticle drugs would be successfully targeted delivered to the aortic diseased wall. Besides, the high diffusivity of the micro-carriers and nanoparticle drugs has a significant impact on the surface drug concentrations of the diseased aortic walls, especially for aortic aneurysms. This study preliminary demonstrates the feasibility of shear-activated targeted nanoparticle drug delivery in the treatment of aortic diseases and provides a theoretical basis for developing the drug delivery system and novel therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yanlu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Kun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Jianren Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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11
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Aramburu J, Antón R, Rodríguez-Fraile M, Sangro B, Bilbao JI. Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling of Liver Radioembolization: A Review. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2021; 45:12-20. [PMID: 34518913 PMCID: PMC8716346 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-021-02956-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Yttrium-90 radioembolization (RE) is a widely used transcatheter intraarterial therapy for patients with unresectable liver cancer. In the last decade, computer simulations of hepatic artery hemodynamics during RE have been performed with the aim of better understanding and improving the therapy. In this review, we introduce the concept of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling with a clinical perspective and we review the CFD models used to study RE from the fluid mechanics point of view. Finally, we show what CFD simulations have taught us about the hemodynamics during RE, the current capabilities of CFD simulations of RE, and we suggest some future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Aramburu
- Universidad de Navarra, TECNUN Escuela de Ingeniería, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Raúl Antón
- Universidad de Navarra, TECNUN Escuela de Ingeniería, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Macarena Rodríguez-Fraile
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Bruno Sangro
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,Liver Unit, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and CIBEREHD, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Bilbao
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Radiology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
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12
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Nikolaou M, Avraam K, Kolokithas-Ntoukas A, Bakandritsos A, Lizal F, Misik O, Maly M, Jedelsky J, Savva I, Balanean F, Krasia-Christoforou T. Superparamagnetic electrospun microrods for magnetically-guided pulmonary drug delivery with magnetic heating. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 126:112117. [PMID: 34082934 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Controlled pulmonary drug delivery systems employing non-spherical particles as drug carriers attract considerable attention nowadays. Such anisotropic morphologies may travel deeper into the lung airways, thus enabling the efficient accumulation of therapeutic compounds at the point of interest and subsequently their sustained release. This study focuses on the fabrication of electrospun superparamagnetic polymer-based biodegradable microrods consisting of poly(l-lactide) (PLLA), polyethylene oxide (PEO) and oleic acid-coated magnetite nanoparticles (OA·Fe3O4). The production of magnetite-free (0% wt. OA·Fe3O4) and magnetite-loaded (50% and 70% wt. Fe3O4) microrods was realized upon subjecting the as-prepared electrospun fibers to UV irradiation, followed by sonication. Moreover, drug-loaded microrods were fabricated incorporating methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (MHB) as a model pharmaceutical compound and the drug release profile from both, the drug-loaded membranes and the corresponding microrods was investigated in aqueous media. In addition, the magnetic properties of the produced materials were exploited for remote induction of hyperthermia under AC magnetic field, while the possibility to reduce transport losses and enhance the targeted delivery to lower airways by manipulation of the airborne microrods by DC magnetic field was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nikolaou
- University of Cyprus, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 75, Kallipoleos Avenue, P. O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kyriakos Avraam
- University of Cyprus, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 75, Kallipoleos Avenue, P. O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Aristides Bakandritsos
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, CATRIN, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Nanotechnology Centre, CEET, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Lizal
- Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Energy Institute, Technicka 2896/2, Brno 616 00, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Misik
- Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Energy Institute, Technicka 2896/2, Brno 616 00, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Maly
- Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Energy Institute, Technicka 2896/2, Brno 616 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Jedelsky
- Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Energy Institute, Technicka 2896/2, Brno 616 00, Czech Republic
| | - Ioanna Savva
- University of Cyprus, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 75, Kallipoleos Avenue, P. O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Florica Balanean
- Romanian Academy - Timisoara Branch, Center for Fundamental and Advanced Technical Research, Laboratory of Magnetic Fluids, Mihai Viteazul Ave. 24, 300223 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Theodora Krasia-Christoforou
- University of Cyprus, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 75, Kallipoleos Avenue, P. O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus.
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13
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CFD Simulations of Radioembolization: A Proof-of-Concept Study on the Impact of the Hepatic Artery Tree Truncation. MATHEMATICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/math9080839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Radioembolization (RE) is a treatment for patients with liver cancer, one of the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. RE consists of the transcatheter intraarterial infusion of radioactive microspheres, which are injected at the hepatic artery level and are transported in the bloodstream, aiming to target tumors and spare healthy liver parenchyma. In paving the way towards a computer platform that allows for a treatment planning based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, the current simulation (model preprocess, model solving, model postprocess) times (of the order of days) make the CFD-based assessment non-viable. One of the approaches to reduce the simulation time includes the reduction in size of the simulated truncated hepatic artery. In this study, we analyze for three patient-specific hepatic arteries the impact of reducing the geometry of the hepatic artery on the simulation time. Results show that geometries can be efficiently shortened without impacting greatly on the microsphere distribution.
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14
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Huang F, Zhu Q, Zhou X, Gou D, Yu J, Li R, Tong Z, Yang R. Role of CFD based in silico modelling in establishing an in vitro-in vivo correlation of aerosol deposition in the respiratory tract. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 170:369-385. [PMID: 32971228 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Effective evaluation and prediction of aerosol transport deposition in the human respiratory tracts are critical to aerosol drug delivery and evaluation of inhalation products. Establishment of an in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) requires the understanding of flow and aerosol behaviour and underlying mechanisms at the microscopic scale. The achievement of the aim can be facilitated via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based in silico modelling which treats the aerosol delivery as a two-phase flow. CFD modelling research, in particular coupling with discrete phase model (DPM) and discrete element method (DEM) approaches, has been rapidly developed in the past two decades. This paper reviews the recent development in this area. The paper covers the following aspects: geometric models of the respiratory tract, CFD turbulence models for gas phase and its coupling with DPM/DEM for aerosols, and CFD investigation of the effects of key factors associated with geometric variations, flow and powder characteristics. The review showed that in silico study based on CFD models can effectively evaluate and predict aerosol deposition pattern in human respiratory tracts. The review concludes with recommendations on future research to improve in silico prediction to achieve better IVIVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Huang
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia
| | - Qixuan Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Xudong Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia
| | - Dazhao Gou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jiaqi Yu
- Institute for Process Modelling and Optimization, JITRI, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Renjie Li
- Institute for Process Modelling and Optimization, JITRI, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Zhenbo Tong
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Runyu Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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15
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Meschi SS, Farghadan A, Arzani A. Flow topology and targeted drug delivery in cardiovascular disease. J Biomech 2021; 119:110307. [PMID: 33676269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery is a promising technique to direct the drug to the specific diseased region. Nanoparticles have provided an attractive approach for this purpose. In practice, the major focus of targeted delivery has been on targeting cell receptors. However, the complex fluid mechanics in diseased biomedical flows questions if a sufficient number of nanoparticles can reach the desired region. In this paper, we propose that hidden topological structures in cardiovascular flows identified with Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS) control drug transport and provide valuable information for optimizing targeted drug delivery efficiency. We couple image-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with continuum transport models to study nanoparticle transport in coronary artery disease. We simulate nanoparticle transport as well as the recently proposed shear targeted drug delivery system that couples micro-carriers with nanoparticle drugs. The role of the LCS formed near the stenosed artery in controlling drug transport is discussed. Our results motivate the design of smart micro-needles guided by flow topology, which could achieve optimal drug delivery efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara S Meschi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Ali Farghadan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amirhossein Arzani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.
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16
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Dorairaj DP, Haribabu J, Chithravel V, Vennila KN, Bhuvanesh N, Echeverria C, Hsu SC, Karvembu R. Spectroscopic, anticancer and antioxidant studies of fluxional trans-[PdCl2(S-acylthiourea)2] complexes. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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17
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Bomberna T, Koudehi GA, Claerebout C, Verslype C, Maleux G, Debbaut C. Transarterial drug delivery for liver cancer: numerical simulations and experimental validation of particle distribution in patient-specific livers. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 18:409-422. [PMID: 33210955 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1853702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Transarterial therapies are routinely used for the locoregional treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the impact of clinical parameters (i.e. injection location, particle size, particle density etc.) and patient-specific conditions (i.e. hepatic geometry, cancer burden) on the intrahepatic particle distribution (PD) after transarterial injection of embolizing microparticles is still unclear. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) may help to better understand this impact.Methods: Using CFD, both the blood flow and microparticle mass transport were modeled throughout the 3D-reconstructed arterial vasculature of a patient-specific healthy and cirrhotic liver. An experimental feasibility study was performed to simulate the PD in a 3D-printed phantom of the cirrhotic arterial network.Results: Axial and in-plane injection locations were shown to be effective parameters to steer particles toward tumor tissue in both geometries. Increasing particle size or density made it more difficult for particles to exit the domain. As cancer burden increased, the catheter tip location mattered less. The in vitro study and numerical results confirmed that PD largely mimics flow distribution, but that significant differences are still possible.Conclusions: Our findings highlight that optimal parameter choice can lead to selective targeting of tumor tissue, but that targeting potential highly depends on patient-specific conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Bomberna
- IBiTech-bioMMeda, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Ghazal Adeli Koudehi
- IBiTech-bioMMeda, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Claerebout
- IBiTech-bioMMeda, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Chris Verslype
- Department of Clinical Digestive Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Maleux
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Imaging and Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Debbaut
- IBiTech-bioMMeda, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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18
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Saadat M, Manshadi MKD, Mohammadi M, Zare MJ, Zarei M, Kamali R, Sanati-Nezhad A. Magnetic particle targeting for diagnosis and therapy of lung cancers. J Control Release 2020; 328:776-791. [PMID: 32920079 PMCID: PMC7484624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the growing interest in targeted lung cancer therapy has guided researchers toward the cutting edge of controlled drug delivery, particularly magnetic particle targeting. Targeting of tissues by magnetic particles has tackled several limitations of traditional drug delivery methods for both cancer detection (e.g., using magnetic resonance imaging) and therapy. Delivery of magnetic particles offers the key advantage of high efficiency in the local deposition of drugs in the target tissue with the least harmful effect on other healthy tissues. This review first overviews clinical aspects of lung morphology and pathogenesis as well as clinical features of lung cancer. It is followed by reviewing the advances in using magnetic particles for diagnosis and therapy of lung cancers: (i) a combination of magnetic particle targeting with MRI imaging for diagnosis and screening of lung cancers, (ii) magnetic drug targeting (MDT) through either intravenous injection and pulmonary delivery for lung cancer therapy, and (iii) computational simulations that models new and effective approaches for magnetic particle drug delivery to the lung, all supporting improved lung cancer treatment. The review further discusses future opportunities to improve the clinical performance of MDT for diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer and highlights clinical therapy application of the MDT as a new horizon to cure with minimal side effects a wide variety of lung diseases and possibly other acute respiratory syndromes (COVID-19, MERS, and SARS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Saadat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad K D Manshadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Mehdi Mohammadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; Department of Biological Science, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | | | - Mohammad Zarei
- Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Reza Kamali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, 71345 Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Sanati-Nezhad
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
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19
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Ortega J, Antón R, Ramos JC, Rivas A, Larraona GS, Sangro B, Bilbao JI, Aramburu J. On the importance of spiral-flow inflow boundary conditions when using idealized artery geometries in the analysis of liver radioembolization: A parametric study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2020; 36:e3337. [PMID: 32212316 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, the numerical studies on hemodynamics have become a valuable explorative scientific tool. The very first studies were done over idealized geometries, but as numerical methods and the power of computers have become more affordable, the studies tend to be patient specific. We apply the study to the numerical analysis of tumor-targeting during liver radioembolization (RE). RE is a treatment for liver cancer, and is performed by injecting radiolabeled microspheres via a catheter placed in the hepatic artery. The objective of the procedure is to maximize the release of radiolabeled microspheres into the tumor and avoid a healthy tissue damage. Idealized virtual arteries can serve as a generalist approach that permits to separately analyze the effect of a variable in the microsphere distribution with respect to others. However, it is important to use proper physiological boundary conditions (BCs). It is not obvious, the need to account for the effect of tortuosity when using an idealized virtual artery. We study the use of idealized geometry of a hepatic artery as a valid research tool, exploring the importance of using realistic spiral-flow inflow BC. By using a literature-based cancer scenario, we vary two parameters to analyze the microsphere distribution through the outlets of the geometry. The parameters varied are the type of microspheres injected and the microsphere injection velocity. The results with realistic inlet velocity profile showed that the particle distribution in the liver segments is not affected by the analyzed injection velocity values neither by the particle density. NOVELTY STATEMENT: In this article, we assessed the use of idealized geometries as a valid research tool and applied the use of an idealized geometry to the case of an idealized hepatic artery to study the particle-hemodynamics during radioembolization (RE). We studied three different inflow boundary conditions (BCs) to assess the usefulness of the geometry, two types of particle injection velocities and two types of commercially available microspheres for RE treatment. In recent years, the advent in computational resources allowed for more detailed patient-specific geometry generation and discretization and hemodynamics simulations. However, general studies based on idealized geometries can be performed in order to provide medical doctors with some basic and general guidelines when using a given catheter for a given cancer scenario. Moreover, using an idealized geometry can be a reasonable approach which allows us to isolate a given parameter and control other parameters, so that parameters can be independently assessed. Even though an idealized geometry does not match any patient's geometry, the use of an idealized geometry can be valid when drawing general conclusions that may be useful in patient-specific cases. However, we believe that even if an idealized hepatic artery geometry is used for the study, it is necessary to account for the upstream and downstream tortuosity of vessels through the BCs. In this work, we highlighted the need of modeling the tortuosity of upstream and downstream vasculatures through the BCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Ortega
- Escuela de Ingeniería Mecánica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quilpué, Chile
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Materiales, niversidad de Navarra, TECNUN - Escuela de Ingenieros, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Raul Antón
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Materiales, niversidad de Navarra, TECNUN - Escuela de Ingenieros, San Sebastián, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan C Ramos
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Materiales, niversidad de Navarra, TECNUN - Escuela de Ingenieros, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alejandro Rivas
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Materiales, niversidad de Navarra, TECNUN - Escuela de Ingenieros, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Gorka S Larraona
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Materiales, niversidad de Navarra, TECNUN - Escuela de Ingenieros, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Bruno Sangro
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose I Bilbao
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jorge Aramburu
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Materiales, niversidad de Navarra, TECNUN - Escuela de Ingenieros, San Sebastián, Spain
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20
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Su J, Chai G, Wang L, Yu J, Cao W, Gu Z, Chen C, Meng W. Direct numerical simulation of particle pore-scale transport through three-dimensional porous media with arbitrarily polyhedral mesh. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Aramburu J, Antón R, Rivas A, Ramos JC, Sangro B, Bilbao JI. Liver Radioembolization: An Analysis of Parameters that Influence the Catheter-Based Particle-Delivery via CFD. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1600-1615. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180622145647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Radioembolization (RE) is a valuable treatment for liver cancer. It consists of administering
radioactive microspheres by an intra-arterially placed catheter with the aim of
lodging these microspheres, which are driven by the bloodstream, in the tumoral bed. Even
though it is a safe treatment, some radiation-induced complications may arise. In trying to
detect or solve the possible incidences that cause nontarget irradiation, simulating the particle-
hemodynamics in hepatic arteries during RE by computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
tools has become a valuable approach. This paper reviews the parameters that influence the
outcome of RE and that have been studied via numerical simulations. In this numerical approach,
the outcome of RE is regarded as successful if particles reach the artery branches that
feed tumor-bearing liver segments. Up to 10 parameters have been reviewed. The variation
of each parameter actually alters the hemodynamic pattern in the vicinities of the catheter tip
and locally alters the incorporation of the particles into the bloodstream. Therefore, in general,
the local influences of these parameters should result in global differences in terms of
particle distribution in the hepatic artery branches. However, it has been observed that under
some (qualitatively described) appropriate conditions where particles align with blood
streamlines, the local influence resulting from a variation of a given parameter vanishes and
no global differences are observed. Furthermore, the increasing number of CFD studies on
RE suggests that numerical simulations have become an invaluable research tool in the study
of RE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Aramburu
- Universidad de Navarra, TECNUN Escuela de Ingenieros, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Raúl Antón
- Universidad de Navarra, TECNUN Escuela de Ingenieros, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Alejandro Rivas
- Universidad de Navarra, TECNUN Escuela de Ingenieros, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Juan C. Ramos
- Universidad de Navarra, TECNUN Escuela de Ingenieros, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Bruno Sangro
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - José I. Bilbao
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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22
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Sun B, Hu N, Han L, Pi Y, Gao Y, Chen K. Anticancer activity of green synthesised gold nanoparticles from Marsdenia tenacissima inhibits A549 cell proliferation through the apoptotic pathway. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 47:4012-4019. [PMID: 31591910 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1575844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as the most excellent anticancer theranostic nanoparticles were synthesized through efficient, simple, and green synthesis method using Marsdenia tenacissima plant extracts and they are widely characterized by several techniques including ultraviolet-visible (UV) spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometers (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. From the AuNPs synthesized by M. tenacissima extracts, it was discovered that particle size around 50 nm, which is admirable nano dimension, was achieved by plant-mediated synthesis. After characterization of these nanoparticles, they performed as in vitro anticancer activity against lung cancer cell lines (A549). MTT assay revealed that AuNPs produce toxicity based on the dose-dependent A549 cells growth inhibition. AuNPs treatment activates caspase expression and down-regulates the anti-apoptotic protein expression in A549 cells. Our results point out that the AuNPs from M. tenacissima extract are apposite stabilizing agents, which serve as an effective anticancer agent against lung cancer cell lines (A549).
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Affiliation(s)
- Butong Sun
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin Province , China
| | - Nanjun Hu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin Province , China
| | - Leng Han
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin Province , China
| | - Yanan Pi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin Province , China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin Province , China
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin Province , China
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Ochowiak M, Kasperkowiak A, Doligalski M, Sosnowski TR, Matuszak M, Włodarczak S, Markowska M, Krupińska A, Jabłczyńska K. The thermostated medical jet nebulizer: Aerosol characteristics. Int J Pharm 2019; 567:118475. [PMID: 31276762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The sudden expansion of gas at the outlet of the jet (pneumatic) nebulizer significantly reduces the temperature of the solution, which may provoke bronchospasm, therefore it is recommended to use modern pneumatic inhalers equipped with a thermostat or a universal thermal attachment that allow to obtain a higher temperature aerosol, i.e. thermo-aerosol. The research was carried out for model Newtonian fluids. The droplet diameters of the aerosol spray were investigated using a Spraytec aerosol particle size measurement system. Analysis of the obtained results showed that the increase in solution viscosity caused a decrease in mean droplet diameters and prolonged nebulization time. The analysis of experimental data made it possible to propose a correlation equation describing the mean diameter of the droplets depending on the properties of the liquid and the flow conditions in the thermostated medical nebulizer. The obtained data contributes to a better understanding of the complex liquid atomisation process and can be helpful in the design of medical nebulizers and pharmaceutical preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ochowiak
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Equipment, Poznan, Poland.
| | | | - M Doligalski
- University of Zielona Gora, Faculty of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering and Automation, Institute of Metrology, Electronics and Computer Science, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - T R Sosnowski
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Matuszak
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Equipment, Poznan, Poland
| | - S Włodarczak
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Equipment, Poznan, Poland
| | - M Markowska
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Equipment, Poznan, Poland
| | - A Krupińska
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Equipment, Poznan, Poland
| | - K Jabłczyńska
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Warsaw, Poland
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Najmi H, Gascoin N, Chetehouna K, El-Tabach E, Akridiss S. Transient and Spatial Evolution of Clogging of Porous Material by Filtrating Particles. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Najmi
- INSA Centre Val de Loire, Universite Orléans, PRISME EA 4229, F-18022, Bourges, France
| | - N. Gascoin
- INSA Centre Val de Loire, Universite Orléans, PRISME EA 4229, F-18022, Bourges, France
| | - K. Chetehouna
- INSA Centre Val de Loire, Universite Orléans, PRISME EA 4229, F-18022, Bourges, France
| | - E. El-Tabach
- Universite Orléans, INSA-CVL, PRISME, EA 4229, F45072, Orléans, France
| | - S. Akridiss
- INSA Centre Val de Loire, Universite Orléans, PRISME EA 4229, F-18022, Bourges, France
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26
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Modeling Airflow and Particle Deposition in a Human Acinar Region. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2019; 2019:5952941. [PMID: 30755779 PMCID: PMC6348927 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5952941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The alveolar region, encompassing millions of alveoli, is the most vital part of the lung. However, airflow behavior and particle deposition in that region are not fully understood because of the complex geometrical structure and intricate wall movement. Although recent investigations using 3D computer simulations have provided some valuable information, a realistic analysis of the air-particle dynamics in the acinar region is still lacking. So, to gain better physical insight, a physiologically inspired whole acinar model has been developed. Specifically, air sacs (i.e., alveoli) were attached as partial spheroids to the bifurcating airway ducts, while breathing-related wall deformation was included to simulate actual alveolar expansion and contraction. Current model predictions confirm previous notions that the location of the alveoli greatly influences the alveolar flow pattern, with recirculating flow dominant in the proximal lung region. In the midalveolar lung generations, the intensity of the recirculating flow inside alveoli decreases while radial flow increases. In the distal alveolar region, the flow pattern is completely radial. The micron/submicron particle simulation results, employing the Euler–Lagrange modeling approach, indicate that deposition depends on the inhalation conditions and particle size. Specifically, the particle deposition rate in the alveolar region increases with higher inhalation tidal volume and particle diameter. Compared to previous acinar models, the present system takes into account the entire acinar region, including both partially alveolated respiratory bronchioles as well the fully alveolated distal airways and alveolar sacs. In addition, the alveolar expansion and contraction have been calculated based on physiological breathing conditions which make it easy to compare and validate model results with in vivo lung deposition measurements. Thus, the current work can be readily incorporated into human whole-lung airway models to simulate/predict the flow dynamics of toxic or therapeutic aerosols.
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Aramburu J, Antón R, Rivas A, Ramos JC, Larraona GS, Sangro B, Bilbao JI. A methodology for numerically analysing the hepatic artery haemodynamics during B-TACE: a proof of concept. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2019; 22:518-532. [PMID: 30732467 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2019.1567720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Balloon-occluded transarterial chemoembolisation (B-TACE) is an intraarterial transcatheter treatment for liver cancer. In B-TACE, an artery-occluding microballoon catheter occludes an artery and promotes collateral circulation for drug delivery to tumours. This paper presents a methodology for analysing the haemodynamics during B-TACE, by combining zero-dimensional and three-dimensional modelling tools. As a proof of concept, we apply the methodology to a patient-specific hepatic artery geometry and analyse two catheter locations. Results show that the blood flow redistribution can be predicted in this proof-of-concept study, suggesting that this approach could potentially be used to optimise catheter location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Aramburu
- a Universidad de Navarra , TECNUN Escuela de Ingenieros , Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Raúl Antón
- a Universidad de Navarra , TECNUN Escuela de Ingenieros , Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain.,b Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) , Pamplona , Spain
| | - Alejandro Rivas
- a Universidad de Navarra , TECNUN Escuela de Ingenieros , Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Ramos
- a Universidad de Navarra , TECNUN Escuela de Ingenieros , Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Gorka S Larraona
- a Universidad de Navarra , TECNUN Escuela de Ingenieros , Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Bruno Sangro
- b Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) , Pamplona , Spain.,c Clínica Universidad de Navarra , Pamplona , Spain.,d Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD) , Pamplona , Spain
| | - José Ignacio Bilbao
- b Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) , Pamplona , Spain.,c Clínica Universidad de Navarra , Pamplona , Spain
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Roche KC, Medik YB, Rodgers Z, Warner S, Wang AZ. Cancer Nanotherapeutics Administered by Non-conventional Routes. Bioanalysis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-01775-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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29
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Kolanjiyil AV, Kleinstreuer C, Kleinstreuer NC, Pham W, Sadikot RT. Mice-to-men comparison of inhaled drug-aerosol deposition and clearance. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2018; 260:82-94. [PMID: 30445230 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Part of the effective prediction of the pharmacokinetics of drugs (or toxic particles) requires extrapolation of experimental data sets from animal studies to humans. As the respiratory tracts of rodents and humans are anatomically very different, there is a need to study airflow and drug-aerosol deposition patterns in lung airways of these laboratory animals and compare them to those of human lungs. As a first step, interspecies computational comparison modeling of inhaled nano-to-micron size drugs (50 nm < d<15μm) was performed using mouse and human upper airway models under realistic breathing conditions. Critical species-specific differences in lung physiology of the upper airways and subsequently in local drug deposition were simulated and analyzed. In addition, a hybrid modeling methodology, combining Computational Fluid-Particle Dynamics (CF-PD) simulations with deterministic lung deposition models, was developed and predicted total and regional drug-aerosol depositions in lung airways of both mouse and man were compared, accounting for the geometric, kinematic and dynamic differences. Interestingly, our results indicate that the total particle deposition fractions, especially for submicron particles, are comparable in rodent and human respiratory models for corresponding breathing conditions. However, care must be taken when extrapolating a given dosage as considerable differences were noted in the regional particle deposition pattern. Combined with the deposition model, the particle retention and clearance kinetics of deposited nanoparticles indicates that the clearance rate from the mouse lung is higher than that in the human lung. In summary, the presented computer simulation models provide detailed fluid-particle dynamics results for upper lung airways of representative human and mouse models with a comparative analysis of particle lung deposition data, including a novel mice-to-men correlation as well as a particle-clearance analysis both useful for pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun V Kolanjiyil
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7910, United States
| | - Clement Kleinstreuer
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7910, United States; Joint UNC-NCSU Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7910, United States.
| | - Nicole C Kleinstreuer
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological, Methods (NICEATM), United States
| | - Wellington Pham
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Institute of Imaging Science, United States
| | - Ruxana T Sadikot
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, School of Medicine, United States; Department of Veterans Affairs, Atlanta VAMC, United States
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Xu Z, Kleinstreuer C. Heterogeneous blood flow in microvessels with applications to nanodrug transport and mass transfer into tumor tissue. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2018; 18:99-110. [PMID: 30105538 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-018-1071-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nanodrug transport in tumor microvasculature and deposition/extravasation into tumor tissue are an important link in the nanodrug delivery process. Considering heterogeneous blood flow, such a dual process is numerically studied. The hematocrit distribution is solved by directly considering the forces experienced by the red blood cells (RBCs), i.e., the wall lift force and the random cell collision force. Using a straight microvessel as a test bed, validated computer simulations are performed to determine blood flow characteristics as well as the resulting nanodrug distribution and extravasation. The results confirm that RBCs migrate away from the vessel wall, leaving a cell-free layer (CFL). Nanodrug particles tend to preferentially accumulate in the CFL, leading to increased concentration near the endothelial surface layer. However, shear-induced NP diffusion is diminished within the CFL, causing to a much slower lateral transport rate into tumor tissue. These competing effects determine the NP deposition/extravasation rates. The present modeling framework and NP flux results provide new physical insight. The analysis can be readily extended to simulations of NP transport in blood microvessels of actual tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Oval Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7910, USA.,Corporate Research and Technology, Eaton Corporation, W126N7250 Flint Dr, Menomonee Falls, WI, 53051, USA
| | - C Kleinstreuer
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Oval Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7910, USA. .,Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7910, USA.
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Xu Z, Kleinstreuer C. Direct nanodrug delivery for tumor targeting subject to shear-augmented diffusion in blood flow. Med Biol Eng Comput 2018; 56:1949-1958. [DOI: 10.1007/s11517-018-1818-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Coupled in silico platform: Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 113:171-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Aramburu J, Antón R, Rivas A, Ramos JC, Sangro B, Bilbao JI. The role of angled-tip microcatheter and microsphere injection velocity in liver radioembolization: A computational particle-hemodynamics study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2017; 33. [PMID: 28474382 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.2895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver radioembolization is a promising treatment option for combating liver tumors. It is performed by placing a microcatheter in the hepatic artery and administering radiation-emitting microspheres through the arterial bloodstream so that they get lodged in the tumoral bed. In avoiding nontarget radiation, the standard practice is to conduct a pretreatment, in which the microcatheter location and injection velocity are decided. However, between pretreatment and actual treatment, some of the parameters that influence the particle distribution in the liver can vary, resulting in radiation-induced complications. The present study aims to analyze the influence of a commercially available microcatheter with an angled tip and particle injection velocity in terms of segment-to-segment particle distribution. Specifically, 4 tip orientations and 2 injection velocities are combined to yield a set of 8 numerical simulations of the particle-hemodynamics in a patient-specific truncated hepatic artery. For each simulation, 4 cardiac pulses are simulated. Particles are injected during the first cycle, and the remaining pulses enable the majority of the injected particles to exit the computational domain. Results indicate that, in terms of injection velocity, particles are more spread out in the cross-sectional lumen areas as the injection velocity increases. The tip's orientation also plays a role because it influences the near-tip hemodynamics, therefore altering the particle travel through the hepatic artery. However, results suggest that particle distribution tries to match the blood flow split, therefore particle injection velocity and microcatheter tip orientation playing a minor role in segment-to-segment particle distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Aramburu
- Universidad de Navarra, TECNUN Escuela de Ingenieros, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Raúl Antón
- Universidad de Navarra, TECNUN Escuela de Ingenieros, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Rivas
- Universidad de Navarra, TECNUN Escuela de Ingenieros, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Ramos
- Universidad de Navarra, TECNUN Escuela de Ingenieros, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Bruno Sangro
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Bilbao
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
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An In Silico Subject-Variability Study of Upper Airway Morphological Influence on the Airflow Regime in a Tracheobronchial Tree. Bioengineering (Basel) 2017; 4:bioengineering4040090. [PMID: 29144436 PMCID: PMC5746757 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering4040090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining the impact of inter-subject variability on airflow pattern and nanoparticle deposition in the human respiratory system is necessary to generate population-representative models, useful for several biomedical engineering applications. Thus, the overall research objective is to quantitatively correlate geometric parameters and coupled transport characteristics of air, vapor, and nanoparticles. Focusing on identifying morphological parameters that significantly influence airflow field and nanoparticle transport, an experimentally validated computational fluid-particle dynamics (CFPD) model was employed to simulate airflow pattern in three human lung-airway configurations. The numerical results will be used to generate guidelines to construct a representative geometry of the human respiratory system.
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Adam LC, Murali N, Chapiro J, Geschwind JF. Science to Practice: Molecular-targeted Drug Delivery in Combination with Radiofrequency Ablation of Liver Cancer: A Magic Bullet? Radiology 2017; 285:333-335. [PMID: 29045226 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2017171527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to improve the technical success rates and clinical outcomes of radiofrequency (RF) ablation, Yan et al validated the use of a tumor-penetrating peptide and thermosensitive doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded nanoparticles in combination with RF ablation in a hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model. By achieving higher chemotherapeutic drug concentrations in target lesions, fewer toxic effects, and improved survival end points in an animal tumor model, the authors conclude that superior tumor treatment with RF ablation is possible when combined with molecular-targeted drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Christoph Adam
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Yale University School of Medicine 300 Cedar St New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Nikitha Murali
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Yale University School of Medicine 300 Cedar St New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Julius Chapiro
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Yale University School of Medicine 300 Cedar St New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Jean-François Geschwind
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Yale University School of Medicine 300 Cedar St New Haven, CT 06520
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Nikolaou M, Krasia-Christoforou T. Electrohydrodynamic methods for the development of pulmonary drug delivery systems. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 113:29-40. [PMID: 28865687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Electrospinning and electrospraying are two highly versatile and scalable electrohydrodynamic methods, which have attracted considerable attention during the last years towards the fabrication of polymer-based drug delivery systems. The latter may be obtained in the form of nano- or microfibers (via electrospinning) or as drug-loaded nano- and microparticles (via electrospraying). This review article begins with an introduction on the basic principles and the important influencing parameters governing the electrospinning/electrospraying processes, followed by an overview on their use for the development of nano/microfibers and nano/microparticles destined for use in pharmaceutical applications. Focus is given on research efforts targeting in the formulation of drug delivery systems and devices designed for pulmonary drug delivery applications thus emphasizing on the potential use of electrospinning and electrospraying in the area of inhaled medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nikolaou
- University of Cyprus, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Sadikot RT, Kolanjiyil AV, Kleinstreuer C, Rubinstein I. Nanomedicine for Treatment of Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Biomed Hub 2017; 2:1-12. [PMID: 31988911 PMCID: PMC6945951 DOI: 10.1159/000477086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) represent a heterogenous group of lung disease in critically ill patients that continues to have high mortality. Despite the increased understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of ARDS, specific targeted treatments for ARDS have yet to be developed. ARDS represents an unmet medical need with an urgency to develop effective pharmacotherapies. Multiple promising targets have been identified that could lead to the development of potential therapies for ARDS; however, they have been limited because of difficulty with the mode of delivery, especially in critically ill patients. Nanobiotechnology is the basis of innovative techniques to deliver drugs targeted to the site of inflamed organs, such as the lungs. Nanoscale drug delivery systems have the ability to improve the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of agents, allowing an increase in the biodistribution of therapeutic agents to target organs and resulting in improved efficacy with reduction in drug toxicity. Although attractive, delivering nanomedicine to lungs can be challenging as it requires sophisticated systems. Here we review the potential of novel nanomedicine approaches that may prove to be therapeutically beneficial for the treatment of this devastating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxana T Sadikot
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Atlanta VAMC, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Arun V Kolanjiyil
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Joint UNC-NCSU Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Clement Kleinstreuer
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Joint UNC-NCSU Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Israel Rubinstein
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Jesse Brown VAMC, Chicago, IL, USA
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Yan F, Wang S, Yang W, Goldberg SN, Wu H, Duan WL, Deng ZT, Han HB, Zheng HR. Tumor-penetrating Peptide-integrated Thermally Sensitive Liposomal Doxorubicin Enhances Efficacy of Radiofrequency Ablation in Liver Tumors. Radiology 2017. [PMID: 28631963 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2017162405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the role of a tumor-penetrating peptide (internalizing CRGDRGPDC [iRGD])-integrated thermally sensitive liposomal (TSL) doxorubicin (DOX) in combination with radiofrequency (RF) ablation of liver tumors in an animal model. Materials and Methods Approval from the institutional animal care and use committee was obtained. Characterization of iRGD-TSL-DOX was performed in vitro. Next, H22 liver adenocarcinomas were implanted in 138 mice in vivo. The DOX accumulation and cell apoptosis of iRGD-TSL-DOX and TSL-DOX with or without RF were evaluated (n = 5) at different time points after treatment with quantitative analysis or pathologic staining. Mice bearing tumors were randomized into the following six groups (each group, eight mice): no treatment, iRGD-TSL-DOX, TSL-DOX, RF alone, RF ablation followed by TSL-DOX at 30 minutes (TSL-DOX combined with RF), and RF ablation followed by iRGD-TSL-DOX (iRGD-TSL-DOX combined with RF). Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the survival curves and log-rank test was used for comparison with statistical software. Results DOX encapsulation efficiency in iRGD-TSL-DOX was 97.5% ± 1.3 (standard deviation) with temperature-dependent drug release capability confirmed in vitro. In vivo, the iRGD-TSL-DOX group had overall higher DOX concentration in the tumor and had maximal difference at 24 hours compared with TSL-DOX group (2.7-fold). RF caused more intense cell apoptosis at 24 hours (median, 65% vs 21%, respectively; P < .001). For end-point survival, the iRGD-TSL-DOX combined with RF group had better survival (median, 32 days) than TSL-DOX combined with RF (median, 27 days; P = .035) or RF alone (median, 21 days; P < .001). Conclusion Conjugation to iRGD helped to improve intratumoral DOX accumulation and further enhanced the activity of TSL-DOX in RF ablation of liver tumors. © RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yan
- From the Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China (F.Y., Z.T.D., H.R.Z.); Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Ultrasound (S.W., W.Y., H.W.), and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Cell Biology Department (H.B.H.), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China; Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.N.G.); Division of Image-guided Therapy, Department of Radiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Ultrasound, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China (W.L.D.)
| | - Song Wang
- From the Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China (F.Y., Z.T.D., H.R.Z.); Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Ultrasound (S.W., W.Y., H.W.), and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Cell Biology Department (H.B.H.), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China; Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.N.G.); Division of Image-guided Therapy, Department of Radiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Ultrasound, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China (W.L.D.)
| | - Wei Yang
- From the Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China (F.Y., Z.T.D., H.R.Z.); Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Ultrasound (S.W., W.Y., H.W.), and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Cell Biology Department (H.B.H.), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China; Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.N.G.); Division of Image-guided Therapy, Department of Radiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Ultrasound, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China (W.L.D.)
| | - S Nahum Goldberg
- From the Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China (F.Y., Z.T.D., H.R.Z.); Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Ultrasound (S.W., W.Y., H.W.), and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Cell Biology Department (H.B.H.), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China; Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.N.G.); Division of Image-guided Therapy, Department of Radiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Ultrasound, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China (W.L.D.)
| | - Hao Wu
- From the Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China (F.Y., Z.T.D., H.R.Z.); Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Ultrasound (S.W., W.Y., H.W.), and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Cell Biology Department (H.B.H.), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China; Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.N.G.); Division of Image-guided Therapy, Department of Radiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Ultrasound, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China (W.L.D.)
| | - Wan-Lu Duan
- From the Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China (F.Y., Z.T.D., H.R.Z.); Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Ultrasound (S.W., W.Y., H.W.), and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Cell Biology Department (H.B.H.), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China; Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.N.G.); Division of Image-guided Therapy, Department of Radiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Ultrasound, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China (W.L.D.)
| | - Zhi-Ting Deng
- From the Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China (F.Y., Z.T.D., H.R.Z.); Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Ultrasound (S.W., W.Y., H.W.), and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Cell Biology Department (H.B.H.), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China; Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.N.G.); Division of Image-guided Therapy, Department of Radiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Ultrasound, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China (W.L.D.)
| | - Hai-Bo Han
- From the Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China (F.Y., Z.T.D., H.R.Z.); Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Ultrasound (S.W., W.Y., H.W.), and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Cell Biology Department (H.B.H.), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China; Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.N.G.); Division of Image-guided Therapy, Department of Radiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Ultrasound, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China (W.L.D.)
| | - Hai-Rong Zheng
- From the Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China (F.Y., Z.T.D., H.R.Z.); Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Ultrasound (S.W., W.Y., H.W.), and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Cell Biology Department (H.B.H.), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China; Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.N.G.); Division of Image-guided Therapy, Department of Radiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Ultrasound, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China (W.L.D.)
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Burrowes KS, De Backer J, Kumar H. Image-based computational fluid dynamics in the lung: virtual reality or new clinical practice? WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 9. [PMID: 28608962 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The development and implementation of personalized medicine is paramount to improving the efficiency and efficacy of patient care. In the respiratory system, function is largely dictated by the choreographed movement of air and blood to the gas exchange surface. The passage of air begins in the upper airways, either via the mouth or nose, and terminates at the alveolar interface, while blood flows from the heart to the alveoli and back again. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a well-established tool for predicting fluid flows and pressure distributions within complex systems. Traditionally CFD has been used to aid in the effective or improved design of a system or device; however, it has become increasingly exploited in biological and medical-based applications further broadening the scope of this computational technique. In this review, we discuss the advancement in application of CFD to the respiratory system and the contributions CFD is currently making toward improving precision medicine. The key areas CFD has been applied to in the pulmonary system are in predicting fluid transport and aerosol distribution within the airways. Here we focus our discussion on fluid flows and in particular on image-based clinically focused CFD in the ventilatory system. We discuss studies spanning from the paranasal sinuses through the conducting airways down to the level of the alveolar airways. The combination of imaging and CFD is enabling improved device design in aerosol transport, improved biomarkers of lung function in clinical trials, and improved predictions and assessment of surgical interventions in the nasal sinuses. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2017, 9:e1392. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1392 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly S Burrowes
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Haribalan Kumar
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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40
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Kolanjiyil AV, Kleinstreuer C, Sadikot RT. Computationally efficient analysis of particle transport and deposition in a human whole-lung-airway model. Part II: Dry powder inhaler application. Comput Biol Med 2016; 84:247-253. [PMID: 27836120 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2016.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary drug delivery is becoming a favored route for administering drugs to treat both lung and systemic diseases. Examples of lung diseases include asthma, cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as well as respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pulmonary fibrosis. Special respiratory drugs are administered to the lungs, using an appropriate inhaler device. Next to the pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI), the dry powder inhaler (DPI) is a frequently used device because of the good drug stability and a minimal need for patient coordination. Specific DPI-designs and operations greatly affect drug-aerosol formation and hence local lung deposition. Simulating the fluid-particle dynamics after use of a DPI allows for the assessment of drug-aerosol deposition and can also assist in improving the device configuration and operation. In Part I of this study a first-generation whole lung-airway model (WLAM) was introduced and discussed to analyze particle transport and deposition in a human respiratory tract model. In the present Part II the drug-aerosols are assumed to be injected into the lung airways from a DPI mouth-piece, forming the mouth-inlet. The total as well as regional particle depositions in the WLAM, as inhaled from a DPI, were successfully compared with experimental data sets reported in the open literature. The validated modeling methodology was then employed to study the delivery of curcumin aerosols into lung airways using a commercial DPI. Curcumin has been implicated to possess high therapeutic potential as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agent. However, efficacy of curcumin treatment is limited because of the low bioavailability of curcumin when ingested. Hence, alternative drug administration techniques, e.g., using inhalable curcumin-aerosols, are under investigation. Based on the present results, it can be concluded that use of a DPI leads to low lung deposition efficiencies because large amounts of drugs are deposited in the oral cavity. Hence, the output of a modified DPI has been evaluated to achieve improved drug delivery, especially needed when targeting the smaller lung airways. This study is the first to utilize CF-PD methodology to simulate drug-aerosol transport and deposition under actual breathing conditions in a whole lung model, using a commercial dry-powder inhaler for realistic inlet conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun V Kolanjiyil
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7910, United States
| | - Clement Kleinstreuer
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7910, United States; Joint UNC-NCSU Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7910, United States.
| | - Ruxana T Sadikot
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, School of Medicine, United States; Department of Veterans Affairs, Atlanta VAMC, United States
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Numerical investigation of liver radioembolization via computational particle–hemodynamics: The role of the microcatheter distal direction and microsphere injection point and velocity. J Biomech 2016; 49:3714-3721. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Computational assessment of the effects of the catheter type on particle–hemodynamics during liver radioembolization. J Biomech 2016; 49:3705-3713. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Kolanjiyil AV, Kleinstreuer C. Computationally efficient analysis of particle transport and deposition in a human whole-lung-airway model. Part I: Theory and model validation. Comput Biol Med 2016; 79:193-204. [PMID: 27810625 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Computational predictions of aerosol transport and deposition in the human respiratory tract can assist in evaluating detrimental or therapeutic health effects when inhaling toxic particles or administering drugs. However, the sheer complexity of the human lung, featuring a total of 16 million tubular airways, prohibits detailed computer simulations of the fluid-particle dynamics for the entire respiratory system. Thus, in order to obtain useful and efficient particle deposition results, an alternative modeling approach is necessary where the whole-lung geometry is approximated and physiological boundary conditions are implemented to simulate breathing. In Part I, the present new whole-lung-airway model (WLAM) represents the actual lung geometry via a basic 3-D mouth-to-trachea configuration while all subsequent airways are lumped together, i.e., reduced to an exponentially expanding 1-D conduit. The diameter for each generation of the 1-D extension can be obtained on a subject-specific basis from the calculated total volume which represents each generation of the individual. The alveolar volume was added based on the approximate number of alveoli per generation. A wall-displacement boundary condition was applied at the bottom surface of the first-generation WLAM, so that any breathing pattern due to the negative alveolar pressure can be reproduced. Specifically, different inhalation/exhalation scenarios (rest, exercise, etc.) were implemented by controlling the wall/mesh displacements to simulate realistic breathing cycles in the WLAM. Total and regional particle deposition results agree with experimental lung deposition results. The outcomes provide critical insight to and quantitative results of aerosol deposition in human whole-lung airways with modest computational resources. Hence, the WLAM can be used in analyzing human exposure to toxic particulate matter or it can assist in estimating pharmacological effects of administered drug-aerosols. As a practical WLAM application, the transport and deposition of asthma drugs from a commercial dry-powder inhaler is discussed in Part II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun V Kolanjiyil
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Clement Kleinstreuer
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Joint UNC-NCSU Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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Mathematical Modeling and Computer Simulations of Nanofluid Flow with Applications to Cooling and Lubrication. FLUIDS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/fluids1020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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