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Espíndola-Rodríguez NH, Muñoz-Cázares N, Serralta-Peraza LEDS, Díaz-Nuñez JL, Montoya-Reyes F, García-Contreras R, Díaz-Guerrero M, Rivera-Chávez JA, Gutiérrez J, Sotelo-Barrera M, Castillo-Juárez I. Antivirulence and antipathogenic activity of Mayan herbal remedies against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 332:118373. [PMID: 38782309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Yucatan Peninsula has a privileged wealth of vascular plants with which various Mayan herbal formulations have been developed. However, studies on their antipathogenic and antivirulence properties are scarce. AIM OF THE STUDY Identify antivirulence properties in Mayan herbal remedies and determine their antipathogenic capacity in burn wounds infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ethnobotanical study was conducted in Mayan communities in central and southern Quintana Roo, Mexico. Furthermore, the antipathogenic capacity of three Mayan herbal remedies was analyzed using an animal model of thermal damage and P. aeruginosa infection. Antivirulence properties were determined by inhibiting phenotypes regulated by quorum sensing (pyocyanin, biofilm, and swarming) and by the secretion of the ExoU toxin. The chemical composition of the most active herbal remedy was analyzed using molecular network analysis. RESULTS It was found that topical administration of the remedy called "herbal soap" (HS) for eleven days maintained 100% survival of the animals, reduced establishment of the bacteria in the burn and prevented its systemic dispersion. Although no curative effect was recorded on tissue damaged by HS treatment, its herbal composition strongly reduced swarming and ExoU secretion. Through analysis of Molecular Networks, it was possible to carry out a global study of its chemical components, and identify the family of oxindole monoterpenoid alkaloids and carboline and tetrahydropyrididole alkaloids. In addition, flavonols, flavan-3-ols, and quinic acid derivatives were detected. CONCLUSIONS The antipathogenic and antivirulence capacity of ancient Mayan remedies makes them a potential resource for developing new antibacterial therapies to treat burns infected by P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Heidi Espíndola-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Aplicación de Fitoquímicos Bioactivos, Posgrado en Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, 56230, Mexico.
| | - Naybi Muñoz-Cázares
- Campo Experimental Chetumal, Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Quintana Roo, 77963, Mexico; Investigadora Posdoctoral CONAHCYT Comisionada al Colegio de Postgraduados-Campus Tabasco, Cárdenas, Tabasco, C. P. 86500, Mexico.
| | | | - José Luis Díaz-Nuñez
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Aplicación de Fitoquímicos Bioactivos, Posgrado en Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, 56230, Mexico.
| | - Francisco Montoya-Reyes
- Campo Experimental Chetumal, Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Quintana Roo, 77963, Mexico.
| | - Rodolfo García-Contreras
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, 04510, Mexico.
| | - Miguel Díaz-Guerrero
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, 04510, Mexico.
| | - José Alberto Rivera-Chávez
- Departamento de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, 04510, Mexico.
| | - Jorge Gutiérrez
- Área de Biología, Departamento de Preparatoria Agrícola, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco, 56230, Mexico.
| | - Mireya Sotelo-Barrera
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Aplicación de Fitoquímicos Bioactivos, Posgrado en Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, 56230, Mexico.
| | - Israel Castillo-Juárez
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Aplicación de Fitoquímicos Bioactivos, Posgrado en Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, 56230, Mexico; Conahcyt-Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, 42184, Mexico.
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Abou Taleb MF, Alzidan K. Multifunctional applications of seaweed extract-infused hydroxyethyl cellulose-polyvinylpyrrolidone aerogels: Antibacterial, and antibiofilm proficiency for water decontamination. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:135021. [PMID: 39182882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Establishing a reliable and secure water supply is still a significant challenge in many areas that need more infrastructure. Eliminating harmful bacteria from water systems is a critical obstacle to managing the spread of waterborne illnesses and protecting public health. Thus, this work focuses on enhancing the efficiency of using marine waste extract, namely seaweed, by its integrating its extract into aerogels based on Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVP). Four formulations were created with increasing concentrations of Padina extract (PE): PE-0, PE-1, PE-2, and PE-3 loaded HEC-PVP aerogels. PE-3 loaded HEC-PVP aerogel showed remarkable efficacy in completely deactivating several types of bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Enterococcus faecalis, and Bacillus subtilis. This antibacterial impact was seen within a short time frame of 75 min after treatment, making it the most significant outcome. Significantly, it had the greatest level of inhibition against E. coli (IZD: 24 mm) and showed potent inhibitory effects against S. enterica, E. faecalis, and B. subtilis, with IZD values of 18, 15, and 14 mm, respectively. These results indicate that the aerogel's ability to prohibite the harmfull microorganisms may be due to its surface qualities, which help release antimicrobial substances from the PE contained in the aerogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal F Abou Taleb
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khatmah Alzidan
- Department of Food science and nutrition, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Al-Momani H, Aolymat I, Ibrahim L, Albalawi H, Al Balawi D, Albiss BA, Almasri M, Alghweiri S. Low-dose zinc oxide nanoparticles trigger the growth and biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a hormetic response. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:290. [PMID: 39095741 PMCID: PMC11297655 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03441-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hormesis describes an inverse dose-response relationship, whereby a high dose of a toxic compound is inhibitory, and a low dose is stimulatory. This study explores the hormetic response of low concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) toward Pseudomonas aeruginosa. METHOD Samples of P. aeruginosa, i.e. the reference strain, ATCC 27,853, together with six strains recovered from patients with cystic fibrosis, were exposed to ten decreasing ZnO NPs doses (0.78-400 µg/mL). The ZnO NPs were manufactured from Peganum harmala using a chemical green synthesis approach, and their properties were verified utilizing X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. A microtiter plate technique was employed to investigate the impact of ZnO NPs on the growth, biofilm formation and metabolic activity of P. aeruginosa. Real-time polymerase chain reactions were performed to determine the effect of ZnO NPs on the expression of seven biofilm-encoding genes. RESULT The ZnO NPs demonstrated concentration-dependent bactericidal and antibiofilm efficiency at concentrations of 100-400 µg/mL. However, growth was significantly stimulated at ZnO NPs concentration of 25 µg/mL (ATCC 27853, Pa 3 and Pa 4) and at 12.5 µg/mL and 6.25 µg/mL (ATCC 27853, Pa 2, Pa 4 and Pa 5). No significant positive growth was detected at dilutions < 6.25 µg/mL. similarly, biofilm formation was stimulated at concentration of 12.5 µg/mL (ATCC 27853 and Pa 1) and at 6.25 µg/mL (Pa 4). At concentration of 12.5 µg/mL, ZnO NPs upregulated the expression of LasB ( ATCC 27853, Pa 1 and Pa 4) and LasR and LasI (ATCC 27853 and Pa 1) as well as RhII expression (ATCC 27853, Pa 2 and Pa 4). CONCLUSION When exposed to low ZnO NPs concentrations, P. aeruginosa behaves in a hormetic manner, undergoing positive growth and biofilm formation. These results highlight the importance of understanding the response of P. aeruginosa following exposure to low ZnO NPs concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafez Al-Momani
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, P.O box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan.
| | - Iman Aolymat
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, P.O box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Lujain Ibrahim
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Hadeel Albalawi
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Dua'a Al Balawi
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Borhan Aldeen Albiss
- Nanotechnology Institute, Jordan University of Science & Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Muna Almasri
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Sahar Alghweiri
- Medical Laboratory Department, Prince Hashem Military Hospital, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
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Sanabria-Ríos DJ, García-Del-Valle R, Bosh-Fonseca S, González-Pagán J, Díaz-Rosa A, Acevedo-Rosario K, Reyes-Vicente L, Colom A, Carballeira NM. Synthesis of the Novel N-(2-Hexadecynoyl)-l-Homoserine Lactone and Evaluation of Its Antiquorum Sensing Activity in Chromobacterium violaceum. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:32536-32546. [PMID: 39100292 PMCID: PMC11292648 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Chromobacterium violaceum is commonly found in soil and freshwater within tropical and subtropical regions. Although not a common occurrence, this bacterium has the potential to cause severe diseases in humans and animals, such as liver and lung abscesses and septicemia. Herein we report the synthesis of novel N-acyl homoserine lactones (HSLs) to evaluate their effectiveness as antiquorum sensing (anti-QS) agents in C. violaceum. The HSLs were prepared through three synthetic approaches, where hexanoic acid, decanoic acid, 6-decynoic acid, or 2-hexadecynoic acid (2-HDA) was treated with commercially available l-homoserine lactone (HSL) hydrobromide in either dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran in the presence of EDC and DMAP. The effectiveness of HSLs as anti-QS agents was assessed through susceptibility tests and violacein quantification. The most effective anti-QS inhibitor among all N-acyl-HSLs tested was the N-(2-hexadecynoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (HSL 4). Further experimental approaches, such as quantification of acyl-homoserine lactones and biofilm inhibitory tests, were carried out to determine the effect of HSL 4 on these QS-dependent mechanisms. These experiments showed that HSL 4 was highly effective at inhibiting the production of HSLs and biofilm in C. violaceum at 0.25, 0.50, and 1 mg/mL. In addition, the cytotoxicity activity was evaluated against Vero cells to determine the selectivity of HSL 4 as a nontraditional antibacterial agent. HSL 4 was not toxic against Vero cells at concentrations ranging from 0.0039 to 1 mg/mL. Molecular docking experiments were conducted to study the interactions between novel HSLs and CviR (PDB ID 3QP5), a receptor that plays a significant role in C. violaceum QS. In silico studies indicate that HSL 4 exhibits better interactions with Leu 72 and Gln 95 of the CviR binding pocket when compared to the other analogs. These results validate previous in vitro studies, such as susceptibility tests and violacein production assays. The findings above indicate that novel acetylenic HSLs may potentially be agents that combat bacterial communication and biofilm formation. However, further investigation is necessary to expand the spectrum of bacterial strains capable of resisting antibiotics through QS and evaluate the compounds' cytotoxicity in other cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Sanabria-Ríos
- Faculty
of Science and Technology, Inter American
University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, P.O. Box 191293, San
Juan, Puerto Rico 00919, United States
- Medicinal
Research and Applications Laboratory, Inter
American University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, P.O. Box
191293, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00919, United States
| | - Rene García-Del-Valle
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, 17 Ave
Universidad STE 1701, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00925, United States
| | - Sachel Bosh-Fonseca
- Faculty
of Science and Technology, Inter American
University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, P.O. Box 191293, San
Juan, Puerto Rico 00919, United States
| | - Joangely González-Pagán
- Faculty
of Science and Technology, Inter American
University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, P.O. Box 191293, San
Juan, Puerto Rico 00919, United States
| | - Alanis Díaz-Rosa
- Faculty
of Science and Technology, Inter American
University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, P.O. Box 191293, San
Juan, Puerto Rico 00919, United States
| | - Karina Acevedo-Rosario
- Faculty
of Science and Technology, Inter American
University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, P.O. Box 191293, San
Juan, Puerto Rico 00919, United States
| | - Luzmarie Reyes-Vicente
- Faculty
of Science and Technology, Inter American
University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, P.O. Box 191293, San
Juan, Puerto Rico 00919, United States
- Medicinal
Research and Applications Laboratory, Inter
American University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, P.O. Box
191293, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00919, United States
| | - Antonio Colom
- Faculty
of Science and Technology, Inter American
University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, P.O. Box 191293, San
Juan, Puerto Rico 00919, United States
| | - Néstor M. Carballeira
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, 17 Ave
Universidad STE 1701, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00925, United States
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Hetta HF, Ramadan YN, Rashed ZI, Alharbi AA, Alsharef S, Alkindy TT, Alkhamali A, Albalawi AS, Battah B, Donadu MG. Quorum Sensing Inhibitors: An Alternative Strategy to Win the Battle against Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) Bacteria. Molecules 2024; 29:3466. [PMID: 39124871 PMCID: PMC11313800 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a major problem and a major global health concern. In total, there are 16 million deaths yearly from infectious diseases, and at least 65% of infectious diseases are caused by microbial communities that proliferate through the formation of biofilms. Antibiotic overuse has resulted in the evolution of multidrug-resistant (MDR) microbial strains. As a result, there is now much more interest in non-antibiotic therapies for bacterial infections. Among these revolutionary, non-traditional medications is quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs). Bacterial cell-to-cell communication is known as quorum sensing (QS), and it is mediated by tiny diffusible signaling molecules known as autoinducers (AIs). QS is dependent on the density of the bacterial population. QS is used by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria to control a wide range of processes; in both scenarios, QS entails the synthesis, identification, and reaction to signaling chemicals, also known as auto-inducers. Since the usual processes regulated by QS are the expression of virulence factors and the creation of biofilms, QS is being investigated as an alternative solution to antibiotic resistance. Consequently, the use of QS-inhibiting agents, such as QSIs and quorum quenching (QQ) enzymes, to interfere with QS seems like a good strategy to prevent bacterial infections. This review sheds light on QS inhibition strategy and mechanisms and discusses how using this approach can aid in winning the battle against resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helal F. Hetta
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Biotechnology, Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (S.A.); (T.T.A.)
| | - Yasmin N. Ramadan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt; (Y.N.R.); (Z.I.R.)
| | - Zainab I. Rashed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt; (Y.N.R.); (Z.I.R.)
| | - Ahmad A. Alharbi
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Biotechnology, Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (S.A.); (T.T.A.)
| | - Shomokh Alsharef
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Biotechnology, Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (S.A.); (T.T.A.)
| | - Tala T. Alkindy
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Biotechnology, Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (S.A.); (T.T.A.)
| | - Alanoud Alkhamali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Abdullah S. Albalawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Basem Battah
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Antioch Syrian Private University, Maaret Siadnaya 22734, Syria
| | - Matthew G. Donadu
- Hospital Pharmacy, Giovanni Paolo II Hospital, ASL Gallura, 07026 Olbia, Italy;
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, Scuola di Specializzazione in Farmacia Ospedaliera, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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Niu H, Gu J, Zhang Y. Bacterial persisters: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic development. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:174. [PMID: 39013893 PMCID: PMC11252167 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01866-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Persisters refer to genetically drug susceptible quiescent (non-growing or slow growing) bacteria that survive in stress environments such as antibiotic exposure, acidic and starvation conditions. These cells can regrow after stress removal and remain susceptible to the same stress. Persisters are underlying the problems of treating chronic and persistent infections and relapse infections after treatment, drug resistance development, and biofilm infections, and pose significant challenges for effective treatments. Understanding the characteristics and the exact mechanisms of persister formation, especially the key molecules that affect the formation and survival of the persisters is critical to more effective treatment of chronic and persistent infections. Currently, genes related to persister formation and survival are being discovered and confirmed, but the mechanisms by which bacteria form persisters are very complex, and there are still many unanswered questions. This article comprehensively summarizes the historical background of bacterial persisters, details their complex characteristics and their relationship with antibiotic tolerant and resistant bacteria, systematically elucidates the interplay between various bacterial biological processes and the formation of persister cells, as well as consolidates the diverse anti-persister compounds and treatments. We hope to provide theoretical background for in-depth research on mechanisms of persisters and suggest new ideas for choosing strategies for more effective treatment of persistent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Niu
- School of Basic Medical Science and Key Laboratory of Blood-stasis-toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaying Gu
- School of Basic Medical Science and Key Laboratory of Blood-stasis-toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China.
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Lubis AR, Sumon MAA, Dinh-Hung N, Dhar AK, Delamare-Deboutteville J, Kim DH, Shinn AP, Kanjanasopa D, Permpoonpattana P, Doan HV, Linh NV, Brown CL. Review of quorum-quenching probiotics: A promising non-antibiotic-based strategy for sustainable aquaculture. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2024; 47:e13941. [PMID: 38523339 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARBs) and genes (ARGs) in aquaculture underscores the urgent need for alternative veterinary strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR). These measures are vital to reduce the likelihood of entering a post-antibiotic era. Identifying environmentally friendly biotechnological solutions to prevent and treat bacterial diseases is crucial for the sustainability of aquaculture and for minimizing the use of antimicrobials, especially antibiotics. The development of probiotics with quorum-quenching (QQ) capabilities presents a promising non-antibiotic strategy for sustainable aquaculture. Recent research has demonstrated the effectiveness of QQ probiotics (QQPs) against a range of significant fish pathogens in aquaculture. QQ disrupts microbial communication (quorum sensing, QS) by inhibiting the production, replication, and detection of signalling molecules, thereby reducing bacterial virulence factors. With their targeted anti-virulence approach, QQPs have substantial promise as a potential alternative to antibiotics. The application of QQPs in aquaculture, however, is still in its early stages and requires additional research. Key challenges include determining the optimal dosage and treatment regimens, understanding the long-term effects, and integrating QQPs with other disease control methods in diverse aquaculture systems. This review scrutinizes the current literature on antibiotic usage, AMR prevalence in aquaculture, QQ mechanisms and the application of QQPs as a sustainable alternative to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisa Rilla Lubis
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Md Afsar Ahmed Sumon
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nguyen Dinh-Hung
- Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory, School of Animal & Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Arun K Dhar
- Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory, School of Animal & Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Do-Hyung Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Duangkhaetita Kanjanasopa
- Agricultural Science and Technology Program, Faculty of Innovative Agriculture and Fishery Establishment Project, Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani Campus, Surat Thani, Thailand
| | - Patima Permpoonpattana
- Agricultural Science and Technology Program, Faculty of Innovative Agriculture and Fishery Establishment Project, Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani Campus, Surat Thani, Thailand
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Functional Feed Innovation Center (FuncFeed), Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nguyen Vu Linh
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Functional Feed Innovation Center (FuncFeed), Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Christopher L Brown
- FAO World Fisheries University Pilot Programme, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
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Liang Y, Zhao H, Li Y, Gao F, Qiu J, Liu Z, Li Q. Joint effects about antibiotics combined using with antibiotics or phytochemicals on Aeromonas hydrophila. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 199:106594. [PMID: 38908112 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is highly prevalent in aquaculture animals and aquaculture environment. Due to the abuse of antibiotics, A. hydrophila can change the antibiotic resistance spectrum directly and affect human health indirectly. The use of combined drugs replacement therapy and the long-term coexistence with drug-resistant bacteria are the reality that human beings have to face in dealing with the problem of antibiotic resistance in the future. This study showed the characteristics and trends through abundant results of combined effects related with the combinations of antibiotic and the combinations of antibiotic and phytochemical on A. hydrophila, and revealed the antagonism probability of combinations of antibiotic and phytochemical is significantly higher than that of the combinations of antibiotic. Meanwhile, the combinations of antibiotic and phytochemical could protect the host cells which also achieved the same effectiveness as combination of antibiotics, and the enrichment pathway was proved to be relatively discrete. In addition, the possible mechanism about the reverse "U" shape of the combined effect curve on wild/antibiotic-resistant bacteria was clarified, and it was confirmed that the antagonism for the combinations of antibiotic and phytochemical might has the significance in inhibiting the evolution of bacterial resistance mutations. This study was aims to provide theoretical basis and some clues for the antibiotic resistance control associated with A. hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Safety & Quality of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, PR China; Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Haiqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Safety & Quality of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, PR China; Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Safety & Quality of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, PR China; Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Fuqing Gao
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Safety & Quality of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, PR China; Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Safety & Quality of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, PR China; Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qiongyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Safety & Quality of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, PR China; Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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9
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Mahendrarajan V, Lazarus H, Easwaran N. Quorum quenching mediated biofilm impediment in Chromobacterium violaceum and Staphylococcus aureus by leaf extracts of Delonix elata. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31898. [PMID: 38882294 PMCID: PMC11177153 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms that cause systemic infections, resistance development and delay in healing wounds. Biofilms can form in various parts of the human body, such as the teeth, lungs, urinary tract, and wounds. Biofilm complicates the effects of antibiotics in treating infections. In search of a cure, a plant-based phyto component was selected for this investigation as an anti-quorum-mediated biofilm restricting agent in Gram-negative Chromobacterium violaceum and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. The bioactive components in Delonix elata (DE) ethyl acetate extract were identified using Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The extract was examined for toxicity using 3T3 cell lines and brine shrimp and ascertained to be non-toxic. Violacein was inhibited up to 68.81 % in C. violaceum at 0.6 mg/ml concentration. Hemolysin synthesis impediments in C. violaceum and S. aureus were 80 % and 51.35 %, respectively, at 0.6 mg/ml of DE extract. At 0.6 mg/ml, EPS was abated by up to 49 % in C. violaceum and 35.26 % in S. aureus. DE extract prevented biofilm formation in C. violaceum and S. aureus up to 76.45 % and 58.15 %, respectively, while associated eDNA was suppressed up to 67.50 % and 53.47 % at the respective sub-MIC concentrations. Expression of genes such as cviI, cviR, vioA, vioB, and vioE were dramatically reduced in C. violaceum, while genes such as agrA, sarA, fnbA, and fnbB were significantly reduced in S. aureus. Docking demonstrates that two or more DE molecules bind efficiently to the QS receptors of C. violaceum and S. aureus. Thus, DE extract can be investigated for therapeutic purposes against pathogenic microorganisms by rendering them less virulent through quorum quenching mediated action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatramanan Mahendrarajan
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tiruvalam Road, Katpadi, India
| | - Huldah Lazarus
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tiruvalam Road, Katpadi, India
| | - Nalini Easwaran
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tiruvalam Road, Katpadi, India
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10
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Alcorlo M, Abdullah MR, Steil L, Sotomayor F, López-de Oro L, de Castro S, Velázquez S, Kohler TP, Jiménez E, Medina A, Usón I, Keller LE, Bradshaw JL, McDaniel LS, Camarasa MJ, Völker U, Hammerschmidt S, Hermoso JA. Molecular and structural basis of oligopeptide recognition by the Ami transporter system in pneumococci. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011883. [PMID: 38838057 PMCID: PMC11192437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transport systems are crucial for bacteria to ensure sufficient uptake of nutrients that are not produced de novo or improve the energy balance. The cell surface of the pathobiont Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is decorated with a substantial array of ABC transporters, critically influencing nasopharyngeal colonization and invasive infections. Given the auxotrophic nature of pneumococci for certain amino acids, the Ami ABC transporter system, orchestrating oligopeptide uptake, becomes indispensable in host compartments lacking amino acids. The system comprises five exposed Oligopeptide Binding Proteins (OBPs) and four proteins building the ABC transporter channel. Here, we present a structural analysis of all the OBPs in this system. Multiple crystallographic structures, capturing both open and closed conformations along with complexes involving chemically synthesized peptides, have been solved at high resolution providing insights into the molecular basis of their diverse peptide specificities. Mass spectrometry analysis of oligopeptides demonstrates the unexpected remarkable promiscuity of some of these proteins when expressed in Escherichia coli, displaying affinity for a wide range of peptides. Finally, a model is proposed for the complete Ami transport system in complex with its various OBPs. We further disclosed, through in silico modelling, some essential structural changes facilitating oligopeptide transport into the cellular cytoplasm. Thus, the structural analysis of the Ami system provides valuable insights into the mechanism and specificity of oligopeptide binding by the different OBPs, shedding light on the intricacies of the uptake mechanism and the in vivo implications for this human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Alcorlo
- Department of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Institute of Physical-Chemistry “Blas Cabrera”, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid; Spain
| | - Mohammed R. Abdullah
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University of Greifswald, Greifswald; Germany
| | - Leif Steil
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald; Germany
| | - Francisco Sotomayor
- Department of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Institute of Physical-Chemistry “Blas Cabrera”, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid; Spain
| | - Laura López-de Oro
- Department of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Institute of Physical-Chemistry “Blas Cabrera”, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid; Spain
| | | | | | - Thomas P. Kohler
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University of Greifswald, Greifswald; Germany
| | - Elisabet Jiménez
- Crystallographic Methods, Institute of Molecular Biology of Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Barcelona Science Park, Helix Building, Barcelona; Spain
| | - Ana Medina
- Crystallographic Methods, Institute of Molecular Biology of Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Barcelona Science Park, Helix Building, Barcelona; Spain
| | - Isabel Usón
- Crystallographic Methods, Institute of Molecular Biology of Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Barcelona Science Park, Helix Building, Barcelona; Spain
- ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona; Spain
| | - Lance E. Keller
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; United States of America
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; United States of America
| | - Jessica L. Bradshaw
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; United States of America
| | - Larry S. McDaniel
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; United States of America
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; United States of America
| | | | - Uwe Völker
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald; Germany
| | - Sven Hammerschmidt
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University of Greifswald, Greifswald; Germany
| | - Juan A. Hermoso
- Department of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Institute of Physical-Chemistry “Blas Cabrera”, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid; Spain
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11
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Gao S, Wang Y, Yuan S, Zuo J, Jin W, Shen Y, Grenier D, Yi L, Wang Y. Cooperation of quorum sensing and central carbon metabolism in the pathogenesis of Gram-positive bacteria. Microbiol Res 2024; 282:127655. [PMID: 38402726 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS), an integral component of bacterial communication, is essential in coordinating the collective response of diverse bacterial pathogens. Central carbon metabolism (CCM), serving as the primary metabolic hub for substances such as sugars, lipids, and amino acids, plays a crucial role in the life cycle of bacteria. Pathogenic bacteria often utilize CCM to regulate population metabolism and enhance the synthesis of specific cellular structures, thereby facilitating in adaptation to the host microecological environment and expediting infection. Research has demonstrated that QS can both directly or indirectly affect the CCM of numerous pathogenic bacteria, thus altering their virulence and pathogenicity. This article reviews the interplay between QS and CCM in Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria, details the molecular mechanisms by which QS modulates CCM, and lays the groundwork for investigating bacterial pathogenicity and developing innovative infection treatment drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China; Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China; Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China; Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Jing Zuo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China; Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Wenjie Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China; Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Yamin Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China; Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Daniel Grenier
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Li Yi
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang 471003, China; College of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China.
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China; Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang 471003, China.
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12
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Liu Y, Liu J, Yan P, Kachanuban K, Liu P, Jia A, Zhu W. Carbazole and Quinazolinone Derivatives from a Fluoride-Tolerant Streptomyces Strain OUCMDZ-5511. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6424-6431. [PMID: 38470989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Six new 9H-carbazole derivatives (1-6) and nine previously reported compounds (7-15) were isolated from a fermented solid medium of the Thailand mangrove-derived Streptomyces strain, OUCMDZ-5511, under fluoride stress. Compounds 2-5, 12, and 15 were exclusively present in the fluoride-supplemented fermentation medium, while compounds 7-9, 13, and 14 were newly discovered natural products. The molecular structures of the compounds were identified by a spectroscopic analysis. The new compound 2 displayed antiquorum sensing activity against Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472 by reducing the violacein production and inhibiting the biofilm formation in a concentration-dependent manner. The study revealed that compound 2 could be a novel potential inhibitor of quorum sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Junsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Pengcheng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Konthorn Kachanuban
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Department of Fishery Product, Faculty of Fisheries of Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Peipei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Aiqun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Weiming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
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13
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Gómez-Salgado MDRH, Beltrán-Gómez JÁ, Díaz-Nuñez JL, Rivera-Chávez JA, García-Contreras R, Estrada-Velasco ÁY, Quezada H, Serrano Bello CA, Castillo-Juárez I. Efficacy of a Mexican folk remedy containing cuachalalate (Amphipterygium adstringens (Schltdl.) Schiede ex Standl) for the treatment of burn wounds infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117305. [PMID: 37848078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cuachalalate (Amphipterygium adstringens) stem bark has been used to heal wounds and counteract microbial infections since pre-Hispanic times. However, its effect in treating infected burns remains unclear. STUDY OBJECTIVES To determine the antipathogenic capacity of a folk remedy (FR) containing cuachalalate stem bark to treat lesions caused by thermal damage and bacterial infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antipathogenic capacity of the hexanic extract (HE) and FR was evaluated in a burned mouse model infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Second to third-degree burns were induced with 95 °C water in CD1 mice in similar ratios of males to females. The mice were randomly grouped into non-inoculated (Group 1) and P. aeruginosa inoculated. The latter were divided into untreated infection (Group 2) and infection topically treated with HE (Group 3), silver sulfadiazine (Group 4), and tween 80 (Group 5). In the case of FR, the lesions were washed with an aqueous extract (AE) and applied powdered stem bark (Group 6). Animal survival, establishment of the bacteria in the lesions, and systemic dispersion were determined. In addition, histopathological analysis was performed. The chemical composition of the AE was analyzed through molecular networking analysis, and the antivirulence capacity was determined through the inhibition of pyocyanin production and caseinolytic activity. RESULTS Only the FR showed antipathogenic activity and increased animal survival by 50% by reducing the systemic dispersion of P. aeruginosa. In addition, it stimulated the formation of granulation tissue and the generation of new blood vessels. The AE did not show bactericidal activity but reduced bacterial virulence, and glycosylated flavonoids and catechins were identified as its main constituents. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study contribute to validating the effectiveness of a popular remedy containing cuachalalate stem bark for treating burns infected with P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Ángel Beltrán-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Aplicación de Fitoquímicos Bioactivos, Posgrado en Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, 56230, Mexico.
| | - José Luis Díaz-Nuñez
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Aplicación de Fitoquímicos Bioactivos, Posgrado en Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, 56230, Mexico.
| | - José Alberto Rivera-Chávez
- Departamento de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Rodolfo García-Contreras
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, CDMX, 04510, Mexico.
| | - Ángel Yahir Estrada-Velasco
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, CDMX, 04510, Mexico.
| | - Héctor Quezada
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, CDMX, 06720, Mexico.
| | - Carlos Alberto Serrano Bello
- Departamento de Patología Clínica y Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, CDMX, 06720, Mexico.
| | - Israel Castillo-Juárez
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Aplicación de Fitoquímicos Bioactivos, Posgrado en Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, 56230, Mexico.
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14
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Muñoz-Cázares N, Peña-González MC, Castillo-Juárez I, Díaz-Núñez JL, Peña-Rodríguez LM. Exploring the anti-virulence potential of plants used in traditional Mayan medicine to treat bacterial infections. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116783. [PMID: 37321428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE While the antimicrobial activity of a number of plants used in traditional Mayan medicine against infectious diseases has been documented, their potential to inhibit quorum sensing (QS) as means of discovering novel anti-virulence agents remains unexplored. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the anti-virulence potential of plants used in traditional Mayan medicine by determining their inhibition of QS- regulated virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. METHODS A group of plants used in traditional Mayan medicine against infectious diseases was selected, and their methanolic extracts were evaluated at 10 mg/mL for their antibacterial and anti-virulence activity using the reference strain P. aeruginosa PA14WT. The broth microdilution method was used to determine antibacterial activity (MIC), while anti-virulence activity was evaluated by measuring the anti-biofilm effect and the inhibition of pyocyanin and protease activities. The most bioactive extract was fractionated using a liquid-liquid partition procedure and the semipurified fractions were evaluated at 5 mg/mL for antibacterial and anti-virulence activity. RESULTS Seventeen Mayan medicinal plants traditionally used to treat infection-associated diseases were selected. None of the extracts exhibited antibacterial activity, whereas anti-virulence activity was detected in extracts of Bonellia flammea, Bursera simaruba, Capraria biflora, Ceiba aesculifolia, Cissampelos pareira and Colubrina yucatanensis. The most active extracts (74% and 69% inhibition) against biofilm formation were from C. aesculifolia (bark) and C. yucatanensis (root), respectively. Alternatively, the extracts of B. flammea (root), B. simaruba (bark), C. pareira (root), and C. biflora (root), reduced pyocyanin and protease production (50-84% and 30-58%, respectively). Fractionation of the bioactive root extract of C. yucatanensis allowed the identification of two semipurified fractions with anti-virulence activity. CONCLUSIONS The anti-virulence activity detected in the crude extracts of B. flammea, B. simaruba, C. biflora, C. aesculifolia, C. pareira, and C. yucatanensis, confirms the efficacy and traditional use of these medicinal plants against infectious diseases. The activity of the extract and semipurified fractions of C. yucatanensis indicates the presence of hydrophilic metabolites capable of interfering with QS in P. aeruginosa. This study represents the first report of Mayan medicinal plants with anti-QS properties and suggests they represent an important source of novel anti-virulence agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naybi Muñoz-Cázares
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Maria Claudia Peña-González
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Israel Castillo-Juárez
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Aplicación de Fitoquímicos Bioactivos, Posgrado en Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Km 36.5 Carretera Federal México-Texcoco, Texcoco, Estado de México, 56230, Mexico.
| | - Jose Luis Díaz-Núñez
- Catedrático COMECYT-Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Posgrado en Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Km 36.5 Carretera Federal México-Texcoco, Texcoco, Estado de México, 56230, Mexico.
| | - Luis Manuel Peña-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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15
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Xu M, Lyu Y, Cheng K, Zhang B, Cai Z, Chen G, Zhou J. Interactions between quorum sensing/quorum quenching and virulence genes may affect coral health by regulating symbiotic bacterial community. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117221. [PMID: 37775014 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) and quorum quenching (QQ) are two antagonistic processes that may regulate the composition, function and structure of bacterial community. In coral holobiont, autoinducers signaling mediate the communication pathways between interspecies and intraspecies bacteria, which regulate the expression of the virulence factors that can damage host health. However, under environmental stressors, the interaction between the QS/QQ gene and virulence factors and their role in the bacterial communities and coral bleaching is still not fully clear. To address this question, here, metagenomics method was used to examine the profile of QS/QQ and virulence genes from a deeply sequenced microbial database, obtained from three bleached and non-bleached corals species. The prediction of bacterial genes of bleached samples involved in functional metabolic pathways were remarkably decreased, and the bacterial community structure on bleached samples was significantly different compared to non-bleached samples. The distribution and significant difference in QS/QQ and virulence genes were also carried out. We found that Proteobacteria was dominant bacteria among all samples, and AI-1 system is widespread within this group of bacteria. The identified specific genes consistently exhibited a trend of increased pathogenicity in bleached corals relative to non-bleached corals. The abundance of pathogenicity-associated QS genes, including bapA, pfoA and dgcB genes, were significantly increased in bleached corals and can encode the protein of biofilm formation and the membrane damaging toxins promoting pathogenic adhesion and infection. Similarly, the virulence genes, such as superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD gene), metalloproteinase (yme1, yydH and zmpB), glycosidases (malE, malF, malG, and malK) and LodAB (lodB) genes significantly increased. Conversely, QQ genes that inhibit QS activity and virulence factors to defense the pathogens, including blpA, lsrK, amiE, aprE and gmuG showed a significant decrease in bleached groups. Furthermore, the significant correlations were found among virulence, QS/QQ genes, and coral associated bacterial community, and the virulence genes interact with key QS/QQ genes, directly or indirectly influence symbiotic bacterial communities homeostasis, thereby impacting coral health. It suggested that the functional and structural divergence in the symbiont bacteria may be partially attribute to the interplay, involving interactions among the host, bacterial communication signal systems, and bacterial virulence factors. In conclusion, these data helped to reveal the characteristic behavior of coral symbiotic bacteria, and facilitated a better understanding of bleaching mechanism from a chemical ecological perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiting Xu
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China; School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Yihua Lyu
- Nansha Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China
| | - Keke Cheng
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Institute for Ocean Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Boya Zhang
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Institute for Ocean Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Cai
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Institute for Ocean Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Guofu Chen
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China; School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Jin Zhou
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Institute for Ocean Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
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16
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Guadarrama-Orozco KD, Perez-Gonzalez C, Kota K, Cocotl-Yañez M, Jiménez-Cortés JG, Díaz-Guerrero M, Hernández-Garnica M, Munson J, Cadet F, López-Jácome LE, Estrada-Velasco ÁY, Fernández-Presas AM, García-Contreras R. To cheat or not to cheat: cheatable and non-cheatable virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:fiad128. [PMID: 37827541 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Important bacterial pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa produce several exoproducts such as siderophores, degradative enzymes, biosurfactants, and exopolysaccharides that are used extracellularly, benefiting all members of the population, hence being public goods. Since the production of public goods is a cooperative trait, it is in principle susceptible to cheating by individuals in the population who do not invest in their production, but use their benefits, hence increasing their fitness at the expense of the cooperators' fitness. Among the most studied virulence factors susceptible to cheating are siderophores and exoproteases, with several studies in vitro and some in animal infection models. In addition to these two well-known examples, cheating with other virulence factors such as exopolysaccharides, biosurfactants, eDNA production, secretion systems, and biofilm formation has also been studied. In this review, we discuss the evidence of the susceptibility of each of those virulence factors to cheating, as well as the mechanisms that counteract this behavior and the possible consequences for bacterial virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya Dafne Guadarrama-Orozco
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04360 Mexico City,Mexico
| | - Caleb Perez-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04360 Mexico City,Mexico
| | - Kokila Kota
- Ramapo College of New Jersey, Biology Department, Mahwah, NJ 07430, USA
| | - Miguel Cocotl-Yañez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04360 Mexico City,Mexico
| | - Jesús Guillermo Jiménez-Cortés
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04360 Mexico City,Mexico
| | - Miguel Díaz-Guerrero
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04360 Mexico City,Mexico
| | - Mariel Hernández-Garnica
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04360 Mexico City,Mexico
| | - Julia Munson
- Ramapo College of New Jersey, Biology Department, Mahwah, NJ 07430, USA
| | - Frederic Cadet
- PEACCEL, Artificial Intelligence Department, AI for Biologics, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Luis Esaú López-Jácome
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Clínica, División de Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, 14389 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ángel Yahir Estrada-Velasco
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04360 Mexico City,Mexico
| | - Ana María Fernández-Presas
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04360 Mexico City,Mexico
| | - Rodolfo García-Contreras
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04360 Mexico City,Mexico
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17
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McWilliam KR. Cell-cell communication in African trypanosomes. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2023; 169:001388. [PMID: 37643128 PMCID: PMC10482365 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Years of research have shown us that unicellular organisms do not exist entirely in isolation, but rather that they are capable of an altogether far more sociable way of living. Single cells produce, receive and interpret signals, coordinating and changing their behaviour according to the information received. Although this cell-cell communication has long been considered the norm in the bacterial world, an increasing body of knowledge is demonstrating that single-celled eukaryotic parasites also maintain active social lives. This communication can drive parasite development, facilitate the invasion of new niches and, ultimately, influence infection outcome. In this review, I present the evidence for cell-cell communication during the life cycle of the African trypanosomes, from their mammalian hosts to their insect vectors, and reflect on the many remaining unanswered questions in this fascinating field.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. R. McWilliam
- Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, King’s Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK
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18
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Tian J, Lin Y, Su X, Tan H, Gan C, Ragauskas AJ. Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae quorum sensing signal molecules on ethanol production in bioethanol fermentation process. Microbiol Res 2023; 271:127367. [PMID: 36989758 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the concentrations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae quorum sensing signal molecules (QSMs) were determined, not to mention the exploration of the effects of exogenous S. cerevisiae QSMs on the sole fermentation of S. cerevisiae and co-fermentation of S. cerevisiae and Lactobacillus plantarum. The results showed that the concentrations of three signal molecules (2-phenylethanol (2-PE), tyrosol and tryptophan) produced by S. cerevisiae increased with a higher bacteria density, which tends to become stable up to 118.02, 32.05 and 1.93 mg/L respectively when cultivating for 144 h. Among the three signaling molecules, only 2-PE promoted the ethanol production capacity of S. cerevisiae. The ethanol concentration of the sole fermentation of S. cerevisiae loaded with 120 mg/L 2-PE reached 3.2 g/L in 9 h, which was 58.7% higher than that of the group without 2-PE addition. Moreover, 2-PE reduced the negative impact of L. plantarum on S. cerevisiae. Within 12 h of the co-fermentation of L. plantarum and S. cerevisiae, the ethanol concentration in the co-fermentation group loaded with 2-PE reached 5.6 g/L, similar to that in the group fermenting with sole S. cerevisiae, and the yeast budding rate was also restored to 28.51%. qRT-PCR results of S. cerevisiae which was in sole fermentation with 2-PE addition for 9 h showed that the relative expression levels of ethanol dehydrogenase gene ADH1 in S. cerevisiae decreased by 25% and the relative expression levels of MLS1, CIT2, IDH1,CIT1 decreased by 26%, 30%, 22%,18%, respectively, meant that the glyoxylic and tricarboxylic acid cycles were greatly inhibited, which promotes the accumulation of ethanol. The results of this study provide basic data for using QSMs more than antibiotics in the the prevention of contamination during the industrialized bioethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China
| | - Yunqin Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China.
| | - Xiaoying Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China
| | - Honghao Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China
| | - Chaoyi Gan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 1512 Middle Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Center for Renewable Carbon, Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, The University of Tennessee Institution of Agriculture, 2506 Jacob Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
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19
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Jiang B, Wu C, Liang Y, Li X, Li J, Song G. Bacillus Co-culture Inhibits Quorum Sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:123. [PMID: 36870004 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03218-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widespread source of hospital-acquired infections and a top priority antibiotic-resistant pathogen as it has developed robust immunity to most traditional antibiotics. Quorum sensing (QS) enables P. aeruginosa to modulate virulence functions and is important for pathogenesis. QS relies on the production and perception of autoinducing chemical signal molecules. Acyl-homoserine lactones are the key autoinducer molecules that mediate P. aeruginosa-associated QS, and N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (3-O-C12-HSL) and N-butyryl-L-homoserine lactone (C4-HSL) are the two types. This study aimed to identify potential quenching targets of QS pathways that may reduce the chances of resistance developing in P. aeruginosa using co-culture approaches. In co-cultures, Bacillus reduced the production of 3-O-C12-HSL/C4-HSL signal molecules by inactivating acyl- homoserine lactone-based QS to inhibit important virulence factor expression. Moreover, Bacillus is subject to complex crosstalk with other regulatory systems, such as the integrated QS system and the Iqs system. The results showed that blocking one or more QS pathways was insufficient to reduce infection with multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China.,Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China.,Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Yuan Liang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China.,Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China.,Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Jie Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China.,Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Guibo Song
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China. .,Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China. .,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China.
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20
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Screening of the Medicines for Malaria Venture Pandemic Response Box for Discovery of Antivirulent Drug against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0223222. [PMID: 36301146 PMCID: PMC9769688 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02232-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance development and exhaustion of the arsenal of existing antibacterial agents urgently require an alternative approach toward drug discovery. Herein, we report the screening of Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) Pandemic Response Box (PRB) through a cascade developed to streamline the potential compounds with antivirulent properties to combat an opportunistic pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To find an agent suppressing the production of P. aeruginosa virulence factors, we assessed the potential of the compounds in PRB with quorum sensing inhibitory activity. Our approach led us to identify four compounds with significant inhibition of extracellular virulence factor production and biofilm formation. This provides an opportunity to expand and redirect the application of these data sets toward the development of a drug with unexplored target-based activity. IMPORTANCE The rise of drug-resistant pathogens as well as overuse and misuse of antibiotics threatens modern medicine as the number of effective antimicrobial drugs steadily decreases. Given the nature of antimicrobial resistance development under intense selective pressure such as the one posed by pathogen-eliminating antibiotics, new treatment options which could slow down the emergence of resistance are urgently needed. Antivirulence therapy aims at suppressing a pathogen's ability to cause disease rather than eliminating it, generating significantly lower selective pressure. Quorum sensing inhibitors are thought to be able to downregulate the production of virulence factors, allowing for smaller amounts of antimicrobials to be used and thus preventing the emergence of resistance. The PRB constitutes an unprecedented opportunity to repurpose new as well as known compounds with cytotoxicity and in vitro absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) profile available, thus shortening the time between compound discovery and medicinal use.
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21
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Yin L, Zhang PP, Wang W, Tang S, Deng SM, Jia AQ. 3-Phenylpropan-1-Amine Enhanced Susceptibility of Serratia marcescens to Ofloxacin by Occluding Quorum Sensing. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0182922. [PMID: 35972277 PMCID: PMC9603881 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01829-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Serratia marcescens (S. marcescens) is an environmental bacterium that causes infections with high morbidity and mortality. Notably, infections caused by multidrug-resistant S. marcescens have become a global public health issue. Therefore, the discovery of promising compounds to reduce the virulence of pathogens and restore antibiotic activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria is critical. Quorum sensing (QS) regulates virulence factors and biofilm formation of microorganisms to increase their pathogenicity and is, therefore, an important factor in the formation of multidrug resistance. In this study, we found that 3-phenylpropan-1-amine (3-PPA) inhibited S. marcescens NJ01 biofilm formation and virulence factors, including prodigiosin, protease, lipase, hemolysin, and swimming. The combination of 3-PPA (50.0 μg/mL) and ofloxacin (0.2 μg/mL) enhanced S. marcescens NJ01 sensitivity to ofloxacin. Based on crystalline violet staining, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), 3-PPA (50.0 μg/mL) reduced S. marcescens NJ01 biofilm formation by 48%. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that 3-PPA regulated the expression of virulence- and biofilm-related genes fimA, fimC, bsmB, pigP, flhC, flhD, and sodB. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) indicated that 3-PPA affected intracellular metabolites of S. marcescens NJ01, leading to reduce metabolic activity. These results suggested that 3-PPA inhibits the pathogenicity of S. marcescens NJ01 by occluding QS. Thus, 3-PPA is feasible as an ofloxacin adjuvant to overcome multidrug-resistant S. marcescens and improve the treatment of intractable infections. IMPORTANCE Multidrug-resistant bacteria have become a major threat to global public health, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. Bacterial virulence factors and biofilms, which are regulated by quorum sensing (QS), are the primary causes of multidrug resistance. In this study, 3-PPA reduced virulence factors and eliminated biofilm formation by inhibiting QS in S. marcescens NJ01 bacteria, without affecting bacterial growth, thus restoring sensitivity to ofloxacin. Thus, the discovery of compounds that can restore antibiotic activity against bacteria is a promising strategy to mitigate multidrug resistance in pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Ping-Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Shi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Shi-Ming Deng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Ai-Qun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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22
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Santajit S, Sookrung N, Indrawattana N. Quorum Sensing in ESKAPE Bugs: A Target for Combating Antimicrobial Resistance and Bacterial Virulence. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101466. [PMID: 36290370 PMCID: PMC9598666 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A clique of Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. (ESKAPE) bugs is the utmost causative agent responsible for multidrug resistance in hospital settings. These microorganisms employ a type of cell-cell communication termed 'quorum sensing (QS) system' to mediate population density and synchronously control the genes that modulate drug resistance and pathogenic behaviors. In this article, we focused on the present understanding of the prevailing QS system in ESKAPE pathogens. Basically, the QS component consisted of an autoinducer synthase, a ligand (e.g., acyl homoserine lactones/peptide hormones), and a transcriptional regulator. QS mediated expression of the bacterial capsule, iron acquisition, adherence factors, synthesis of lipopolysaccharide, poly-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG) biosynthesis, motility, as well as biofilm development allow bacteria to promote an antimicrobial-resistant population that can escape the action of traditional drugs and endorse a divergent virulence production. The increasing prevalence of these harmful threats to infection control, as well as the urgent need for effective antimicrobial strategies to combat them, serve to highlight the important anti-QS strategies developed to address the difficulty of treating microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirijan Santajit
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Research Center in Tropical Pathobiology, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Nitat Sookrung
- Biomedical Research Incubator Unit, Department of Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Nitaya Indrawattana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-2-354-9100 (ext. 1598)
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23
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Ahmad W, Ansari MA, Yusuf M, Amir M, Wahab S, Alam P, Alomary MN, Alhuwayri AA, Khan M, Ali A, Warsi MH, Ashraf K, Ali M. Antibacterial, Anticandidal, and Antibiofilm Potential of Fenchone: In Vitro, Molecular Docking and In Silico/ADMET Study. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2395. [PMID: 36145798 PMCID: PMC9505686 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate the effective antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of fenchone, a biologically active bicyclic monoterpene, against infections caused by bacteria and Candida spp. The interactions between fenchone and three distinct proteins from Escherichia coli (β-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein synthase), Candida albicans (1, 3-β−D-glucan synthase), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Anthranilate-CoA ligase) were predicted using molecular docking and in silico/ADMET methods. Further, to validate the in-silico prediction, the antibacterial and antifungal potential of fenchone was evaluated against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans by determining minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bacterial concentration (MBC), and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC). The lowest MIC/MBC values of fenchone against E. coli and P. aeruginosa obtained was 8.3 ± 3.6/25 ± 0.0 and 266.6 ± 115.4/533.3 ± 230.9 mg/mL, respectively, whereas the MIC/MFC value for C. albicans was found to be 41.6 ± 14.4/83.3 ± 28.8 mg/mL. It was observed that fenchone has a significant effect on antimicrobial activity (p < 0.05). Our findings demonstrated that fenchone at 1 mg/mL significantly reduced the production of biofilm (p < 0.001) in E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans by 70.03, 64.72, and 61.71%, respectively, in a dose-dependent manner when compared to control. Based on these results, it has been suggested that the essential oil from plants can be a great source of pharmaceutical ingredients for developing new antimicrobial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Yusuf
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Amir
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdul Rahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadma Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prawez Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince-Sattam Bin-Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad N. Alomary
- National Centre for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Maria Khan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, R.V. Northland Institute, Dadri 203207, India
| | - Abuzer Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musarrat Husain Warsi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamran Ashraf
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Maksood Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Orlean College of Pharmacy 42, Knowledge Park—III, Greater Noida 201308, India
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24
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Monteiro KLC, Silva ON, Dos Santos Nascimento IJ, Mendonça Júnior FJB, Aquino PGV, da Silva-Júnior EF, de Aquino TM. Medicinal Chemistry of Inhibitors Targeting Resistant Bacteria. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:1983-2028. [PMID: 35319372 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220321124452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of antibiotics was a revolutionary feat that provided countless health benefits. The identification of penicillin by Alexander Fleming initiated the era of antibiotics, represented by constant discoveries that enabled effective treatments for the different classes of diseases caused by bacteria. However, the indiscriminate use of these drugs allowed the emergence of resistance mechanisms of these microorganisms against the available drugs. In addition, the constant discoveries in the 20th century generated a shortage of new molecules, worrying health agencies and professionals about the appearance of multidrug-resistant strains against available drugs. In this context, the advances of recent years in molecular biology and microbiology have allowed new perspectives in drug design and development, using the findings related to the mechanisms of bacterial resistance to generate new drugs that are not affected by such mechanisms and supply new molecules to be used to treat resistant bacterial infections. Besides, a promising strategy against bacterial resistance is the combination of drugs through adjuvants, providing new expectations in designing new antibiotics and new antimicrobial therapies. Thus, this manuscript will address the main mechanisms of bacterial resistance under the understanding of medicinal chemistry, showing the main active compounds against efflux mechanisms, and also the application of the use of drug delivery systems, and finally, the main potential natural products as adjuvants or with promising activity against resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadja Luana Chagas Monteiro
- Research Group on Therapeutic Strategies - GPET, Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry - LSPMED, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Osmar Nascimento Silva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University Center of Anápolis, Unievangélica, 75083-515, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Igor José Dos Santos Nascimento
- Research Group on Therapeutic Strategies - GPET, Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry - LSPMED, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edeildo Ferreira da Silva-Júnior
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Thiago Mendonça de Aquino
- Research Group on Therapeutic Strategies - GPET, Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry - LSPMED, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
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25
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Effect of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles on the Quorum-Sensing System of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and PA14. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091755. [PMID: 36144357 PMCID: PMC9504124 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in multidrug-resistant microorganisms represents a global threat requiring the development novel strategies to fight bacterial infection. This study aimed to assess the effect of silver nanoparticles (bio-AgNPs) on bacterial growth, biofilm formation, production of virulence factors, and expression of genes related to the quorum-sensing (QS) system of P. aeruginosa PAO1 and PA14. Biofilm formation and virulence assays were performed with bio-AgNPs. RT-qPCR was carried out to determine the effect of bio-AgNPs on the QS regulatory genes lasI, lasR, rhlI, rhlR, pqsA, and mvfR. Bio-AgNPs had an MIC value of 62.50 μM, for both strains. Phenotypic and genotypic assays were carried out using sub-MIC values. Experimental results showed that treatment with sub-MICs of bio-AgNPs reduced (p < 0.05) the motility and rhamnolipids and elastase production in P. aeruginosa PAO1. In PA14, bio-AgNPs stimulated swarming and twitching motilities as well as biofilm formation and elastase and pyocyanin production. Bio-AgNP treatment increased (p < 0.05) the expression of QS genes in PAO1 and PA14. Despite the different phenotypic behaviors in both strains, both showed an increase in the expression of QS genes. Demonstrating that the bio-AgNPs acted in the induction of regulation. The possible mechanism underlying the action of bio-AgNPs involves the induction of the rhl and/or pqs system of PAO1 and of the las and/or pqs system of PA14. These results suggest that exposure to low concentrations of bio-AgNPs may promote the expression of QS regulatory genes in P. aeruginosa, consequently inducing the production of virulence factors such as elastase, pyocyanin, and biofilms.
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26
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Muñoz-Cázares N, Castillo-Juárez I, García-Contreras R, Castro-Torres VA, Díaz-Guerrero M, Rodríguez-Zavala JS, Quezada H, González-Pedrajo B, Martínez-Vázquez M. A Brominated Furanone Inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa Quorum Sensing and Type III Secretion, Attenuating Its Virulence in a Murine Cutaneous Abscess Model. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081847. [PMID: 36009394 PMCID: PMC9404868 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) and type III secretion systems (T3SSs) are among the most attractive anti-virulence targets for combating multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria. Some halogenated furanones reduce QS-associated virulence, but their role in T3SS inhibition remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the inhibition of these two systems on Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence. The halogenated furanones (Z)-4-bromo-5-(bromomethylene)-2(5H) (C-30) and 5-(dibromomethylene)-2(5H) (named hereafter GBr) were synthesized, and their ability to inhibit the secretion of type III exoenzymes and QS-controlled virulence factors was analyzed in P. aeruginosa PA14 and two clinical isolates. Furthermore, their ability to prevent bacterial establishment was determined in a murine cutaneous abscess model. The GBr furanone reduced pyocyanin production, biofilm formation, and swarming motility in the same manner or more effectively than C-30. Moreover, both furanones inhibited the secretion of ExoS, ExoT, or ExoU effectors in all tested strains. The administration of GBr (25 and 50 µM) to CD1 mice infected with the PA14 strain significantly decreased necrosis formation in the inoculation zone and the systemic spread of bacteria more efficiently than C-30 (50 µM). Molecular docking analysis suggested that the gem position of bromine in GBr increases its affinity for the active site of the QS LasR regulator. Overall, our findings showed that the GBr furanone displayed efficient multi-target properties that may favor the development of more effective anti-virulence therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naybi Muñoz-Cázares
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, Posgrado en Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco 56230, Mexico; (N.M.-C.); (I.C.-J.)
| | - Israel Castillo-Juárez
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, Posgrado en Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco 56230, Mexico; (N.M.-C.); (I.C.-J.)
| | - Rodolfo García-Contreras
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (R.G.-C.); (M.D.-G.)
| | - Víctor Alberto Castro-Torres
- Departamento de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Miguel Díaz-Guerrero
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (R.G.-C.); (M.D.-G.)
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - José S. Rodríguez-Zavala
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico;
| | - Héctor Quezada
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico;
| | - Bertha González-Pedrajo
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
- Correspondence: (B.G.-P.); (M.M.-V.)
| | - Mariano Martínez-Vázquez
- Departamento de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (B.G.-P.); (M.M.-V.)
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Abstract
Chronic wounds are characterized by their inability to heal within an expected time frame and have emerged as an increasingly important clinical problem over the past several decades, owing to their increasing incidence and greater recognition of associated morbidity and socio-economic burden. Even up to a few years ago, the management of chronic wounds relied on standards of care that were outdated. However, the approach to these chronic conditions has improved, with better prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Such improvements are due to major advances in understanding of cellular and molecular aspects of basic science, in innovative and technological breakthroughs in treatment modalities from biomedical engineering, and in our ability to conduct well-controlled and reliable clinical research. The evidence-based approaches resulting from these advances have become the new standard of care. At the same time, these improvements are tempered by the recognition that persistent gaps exist in scientific knowledge of impaired healing and the ability of clinicians to reduce morbidity, loss of limb and mortality. Therefore, taking stock of what is known and what is needed to improve understanding of chronic wounds and their associated failure to heal is crucial to ensuring better treatments and outcomes.
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Arendse M, Khan S, Wani MY, Aqlan FM, Al-Bogami AS, Ahmad A. Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Disrupting Potential of Imidazole Derivatives in Chromobacterium violaceum Using Antimicrobial and Drug Discovery Approaches. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:565-582. [PMID: 35301694 PMCID: PMC9151946 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00702-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Population of drug-resistant bacteria have increased at an alarming rate in the past few decades. The major reason for increasing drug resistance is the lack of new antibiotics and limited drug targets. It has therefore been a vital task to develop new antibiotics with different drug targets. Two such targets are biofilm formation and quorum sensing. Quorum sensing is cell to cell communication used by bacteria that initiates many important survival processes and aids in establishing pathogenesis. Both biofilm and quorum sensing are inter-related processes and play a major role in physiological and pathogenesis processes. In this study, five novel imidazole derivatives (IMA-1-IMA-5) were synthesised and tested for their antibacterial and anti-quorum sensing activities against Chromobacterium violaceum using different in silico and in vitro techniques following the standard protocols. In silico results revealed that all compounds were able to effectively bind to and interact sufficiently with the target protein CviR. CviR is a protein to which autoinducers bind to initiate the quorum sensing process. In silico results also revealed that the compounds generated favourable structural dynamics implying that the compounds would be able to effectively bind to CviR and inhibit quorum sensing. Susceptibility results revealed that IMA-1 is the most active of all the derivatives against both planktonic cells and biofilms. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of anti-quorum sensing activity at sub-inhibitory concentrations of these compounds also revealed high activity for IMA-1. Down-regulation of most of the quorum sensing genes when cells were treated with the test compounds affirmed the high anti-quorum sensing activities of these compounds. The results from this study are promising and urges on the use of anti-quorum sensing and biofilm disrupting molecules to combat multi-drug resistance problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Arendse
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Shama Khan
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Mohmmad Younus Wani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Faisal Mohammed Aqlan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Saad Al-Bogami
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Aijaz Ahmad
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa.
- Infection Control, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa.
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Li K, Ly K, Mehta S, Braithwaite A. Importance of crosstalk between the microbiota and the neuroimmune system for tissue homeostasis. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1394. [PMID: 35620584 PMCID: PMC9125509 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The principal function of inflammation is cellular defence against ‘danger signals’ such as tissue injury and pathogen infection to maintain the homeostasis of the organism. The initiation and progression of inflammation are not autonomous as there is substantial evidence that inflammation is known to be strongly influenced by ‘neuroimmune crosstalk’, involving the production and expression of soluble signalling molecules that interact with cell surface receptors. In addition, microbiota have been found to be involved in the development and function of the nervous and immune systems and play an important role in health and disease. Herein, we provide an outline of the mechanisms of neuroimmune communication in the regulation of inflammation and immune response and then provide evidence for the involvement of microbiota in the development and functions of the host nervous and immune systems. It appears that the nervous and immune systems in multicellular organisms have co‐evolved with the microbiota, such that all components are in communication to maximise the ability of the organism to adapt to a wide range of environmental stresses to maintain or restore tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyu Li
- Department of Pathology Dunedin School of Medicine University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Kevin Ly
- Department of Pathology Dunedin School of Medicine University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Sunali Mehta
- Department of Pathology Dunedin School of Medicine University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Antony Braithwaite
- Department of Pathology Dunedin School of Medicine University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
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Bacterial biofilms and their resistance mechanisms: a brief look at treatment with natural agents. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2022; 67:535-554. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-00955-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Castillo-Juárez I, Blancas-Luciano BE, García-Contreras R, Fernández-Presas AM. Antimicrobial peptides properties beyond growth inhibition and bacterial killing. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12667. [PMID: 35116194 PMCID: PMC8785659 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are versatile molecules with broad antimicrobial activity produced by representatives of the three domains of life. Also, there are derivatives of AMPs and artificial short peptides that can inhibit microbial growth. Beyond killing microbes, AMPs at grow sub-inhibitory concentrations also exhibit anti-virulence activity against critical pathogenic bacteria, including ESKAPE pathogens. Anti-virulence therapies are an alternative to antibiotics since they do not directly affect viability and growth, and they are considered less likely to generate resistance. Bacterial biofilms significantly increase antibiotic resistance and are linked to establishing chronic infections. Various AMPs can kill biofilm cells and eradicate infections in animal models. However, some can inhibit biofilm formation and promote dispersal at sub-growth inhibitory concentrations. These examples are discussed here, along with those of peptides that inhibit the expression of traits controlled by quorum sensing, such as the production of exoproteases, phenazines, surfactants, toxins, among others. In addition, specific targets that are determinants of virulence include secretion systems (type II, III, and VI) responsible for releasing effector proteins toxic to eukaryotic cells. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the anti-virulence properties of AMPs and the future directions of their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Castillo-Juárez
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, Posgrado de Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Blanca Esther Blancas-Luciano
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo García-Contreras
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana María Fernández-Presas
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico City, Mexico
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32
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Afonso AC, Sousa M, Simões LC, Simões M. Phytochemicals Against Drug-Resistant Bacterial Biofilms and Use of Green Extraction Solvents to Increase Their Bioactivity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Anti-Pathogenic Properties of the Combination of a T3SS Inhibitory Halogenated Pyrrolidone with C-30 Furanone. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247635. [PMID: 34946717 PMCID: PMC8707098 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the current public health challenges to be solved. The World Health Organization (WHO) has urgently called for the development of strategies to expand the increasingly limited antimicrobial arsenal. The development of anti-virulence therapies is a viable option to counteract bacterial infections with the possibility of reducing the generation of resistance. Here we report on the chemical structures of pyrrolidones DEXT 1–4 (previously identified as furan derivatives) and their anti-virulence activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. DEXT 1–4 were shown to inhibit biofilm formation, swarming motility, and secretion of ExoU and ExoT effector proteins. Also, the anti-pathogenic property of DEXT-3 alone or in combination with furanone C-30 (quorum sensing inhibitor) or MBX-1641 (type III secretion system inhibitor) was analyzed in a model of necrosis induced by P. aeruginosa PA14. All treatments reduced necrosis; however, only the combination of C-30 50 µM with DEXT-3 100 µM showed significant inhibition of bacterial growth in the inoculation area and systemic dispersion. In conclusion, pyrrolidones DEXT 1–4 are chemical structures capable of reducing the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa and with the potential for the development of anti-virulence combination therapies.
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Duplantier M, Lohou E, Sonnet P. Quorum Sensing Inhibitors to Quench P. aeruginosa Pathogenicity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1262. [PMID: 34959667 PMCID: PMC8707152 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and the dissemination of multidrug-resistant bacteria constitute a major public health issue. Among incriminated Gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been designated by the WHO as a critical priority threat. During the infection process, this pathogen secretes various virulence factors in order to adhere and colonize host tissues. Furthermore, P. aeruginosa has the capacity to establish biofilms that reinforce its virulence and intrinsic drug resistance. The regulation of biofilm and virulence factor production of this micro-organism is controlled by a specific bacterial communication system named Quorum Sensing (QS). The development of anti-virulence agents targeting QS that could attenuate P. aeruginosa pathogenicity without affecting its growth seems to be a promising new therapeutic strategy. This could prevent the selective pressure put on bacteria by the conventional antibiotics that cause their death and promote resistant strain survival. This review describes the QS-controlled pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa and its different specific QS molecular pathways, as well as the recent advances in the development of innovative QS-quenching anti-virulence agents to fight anti-bioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pascal Sonnet
- AGIR, UR4294, UFR of Pharmacy, Jules Verne University of Picardie, 80037 Amiens, France; (M.D.); (E.L.)
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Díaz-Núñez JL, Pérez-López M, Espinosa N, Campos-Hernández N, García-Contreras R, Díaz-Guerrero M, Cortes-López H, Vázquez-Sánchez M, Quezada H, Martínez-Vázquez M, Soto-Hernández RM, Burgos-Hernández M, González-Pedrajo B, Castillo-Juárez I. Anti-Virulence Properties of Plant Species: Correlation between In Vitro Activity and Efficacy in a Murine Model of Bacterial Infection. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2424. [PMID: 34946027 PMCID: PMC8706108 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several plant extracts exhibit anti-virulence properties due to the interruption of bacterial quorum sensing (QS). However, studies on their effects at the preclinical level are scarce. Here, we used a murine model of abscess/necrosis induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa to evaluate the anti-pathogenic efficacy of 24 plant extracts at a sub-inhibitory concentration. We analyzed their ability to inhibit QS-regulated virulence factors such as swarming, pyocyanin production, and secretion of the ExoU toxin via the type III secretion system (T3SS). Five of the seven extracts with the best anti-pathogenic activity reduced ExoU secretion, and the extracts of Diphysa americana and Hibiscus sabdariffa were identified as the most active. Therefore, the abscess/necrosis model allows identification of plant extracts that have the capacity to reduce pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, we evaluated the activity of the plant extracts on Chromobacterium violaceum. T3SS (ΔescU) and QS (ΔcviI) mutant strains were assessed in both the abscess/necrosis and sepsis models. Only the ΔescU strain had lower pathogenicity in the animal models, although no activity of plant extracts was observed. These results demonstrate differences between the anti-virulence activity recorded in vitro and pathogenicity in vivo and between the roles of QS and T3S systems as virulence determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Díaz-Núñez
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, Posgrado de Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco 56230, Mexico; (J.L.D.-N.); (M.P.-L.); (N.C.-H.); (H.C.-L.); (M.V.-S.); (R.M.S.-H.); (M.B.-H.)
| | - Macrina Pérez-López
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, Posgrado de Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco 56230, Mexico; (J.L.D.-N.); (M.P.-L.); (N.C.-H.); (H.C.-L.); (M.V.-S.); (R.M.S.-H.); (M.B.-H.)
| | - Norma Espinosa
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (N.E.); (M.D.-G.)
| | - Nayelli Campos-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, Posgrado de Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco 56230, Mexico; (J.L.D.-N.); (M.P.-L.); (N.C.-H.); (H.C.-L.); (M.V.-S.); (R.M.S.-H.); (M.B.-H.)
| | - Rodolfo García-Contreras
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Miguel Díaz-Guerrero
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (N.E.); (M.D.-G.)
| | - Humberto Cortes-López
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, Posgrado de Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco 56230, Mexico; (J.L.D.-N.); (M.P.-L.); (N.C.-H.); (H.C.-L.); (M.V.-S.); (R.M.S.-H.); (M.B.-H.)
| | - Monserrat Vázquez-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, Posgrado de Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco 56230, Mexico; (J.L.D.-N.); (M.P.-L.); (N.C.-H.); (H.C.-L.); (M.V.-S.); (R.M.S.-H.); (M.B.-H.)
| | - Héctor Quezada
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico;
| | - Mariano Martínez-Vázquez
- Departamento de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autόnoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Ramón Marcos Soto-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, Posgrado de Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco 56230, Mexico; (J.L.D.-N.); (M.P.-L.); (N.C.-H.); (H.C.-L.); (M.V.-S.); (R.M.S.-H.); (M.B.-H.)
| | - Mireya Burgos-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, Posgrado de Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco 56230, Mexico; (J.L.D.-N.); (M.P.-L.); (N.C.-H.); (H.C.-L.); (M.V.-S.); (R.M.S.-H.); (M.B.-H.)
| | - Bertha González-Pedrajo
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (N.E.); (M.D.-G.)
| | - Israel Castillo-Juárez
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, Posgrado de Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco 56230, Mexico; (J.L.D.-N.); (M.P.-L.); (N.C.-H.); (H.C.-L.); (M.V.-S.); (R.M.S.-H.); (M.B.-H.)
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36
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Abd El-Aleam RH, George RF, Georgey HH, Abdel-Rahman HM. Bacterial virulence factors: a target for heterocyclic compounds to combat bacterial resistance. RSC Adv 2021; 11:36459-36482. [PMID: 35494393 PMCID: PMC9043591 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06238g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is one of the most important challenges of the 21st century. However, the growing understanding of bacterial pathogenesis and cell-to-cell communication has revealed many potential strategies for the discovery of drugs that can be used for the treatment of bacterial infections. Interfering with bacterial virulence and/or quorum sensing could be a particularly interesting approach, because it is believed to exert less selective pressure on the bacterial resistance than with traditional strategies, geared toward killing bacteria or preventing their growth. Here, we discuss the mechanism of bacterial virulence, presenting promising strategies and recently synthesized heterocyclic compounds to combat future bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab H Abd El-Aleam
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information MTI Cairo 11571 Egypt
| | - Riham F George
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Cairo 11562 Egypt
| | - Hanan H Georgey
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Cairo 11562 Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Technology, Egyptian Chinese University Cairo 11786 Egypt
| | - Hamdy M Abdel-Rahman
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University Assiut 71526 Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University Beni Suef Egypt
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Zhang L, Wen B, Bao M, Cheng Y, Mahmood T, Yang W, Chen Q, Lv L, Li L, Yi J, Xie N, Lu C, Tan Y. Andrographolide Sulfonate Is a Promising Treatment to Combat Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Its Biofilms. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:720685. [PMID: 34603031 PMCID: PMC8481920 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.720685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a drug-resistant pathogen threatening human health and safety. Biofilms are an important cause of its drug resistance and pathogenicity. Inhibition and elimination of biofilms is an important strategy for the treatment of MRSA infection. Andrographolide sulfonate (AS) is an active component of the traditional herbal medicine Andrographis paniculata. This study aims to explore the inhibitory effect and corresponding mechanisms of AS on MRSA and its biofilms. Three doses of AS (6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg/ml) were introduced to MRSA with biofilms. In vitro antibacterial testing and morphological observation were used to confirm the inhibitory effect of AS on MRSA with biofilms. Real-time PCR and metabonomics were used to explore the underlying mechanisms of the effect by studying the expression of biofilm-related genes and endogenous metabolites. AS displayed significant anti-MRSA activity, and its minimum inhibitory concentration was 50 μg/ml. Also, AS inhibited biofilms and improved biofilm permeability. The mechanisms are mediated by the inhibition of the expression of genes, such as quorum sensing system regulatory genes (agrD and sarA), microbial surface components–recognizing adhesion matrix genes (clfA and fnbB), intercellular adhesion genes (icaA, icaD, and PIA), and a gene related to cellular eDNA release (cidA), and the downregulation of five biofilm-related metabolites, including anthranilic acid, D-lactic acid, kynurenine, L-homocitrulline, and sebacic acid. This study provided valuable evidence for the activity of AS against MRSA and its biofilms and extended the methods to combat MRSA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Zhang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Research on Active Ingredients in Natural Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Yichun University, Yichun, China
| | - Bo Wen
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Bao
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Research on Active Ingredients in Natural Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Yichun University, Yichun, China
| | - Yungchi Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Weifeng Yang
- Medical Experimental Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Research on Active Ingredients in Natural Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Yichun University, Yichun, China
| | - Lang Lv
- Qingfeng Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Ganzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfeng Yi
- Key Laboratory for Research on Active Ingredients in Natural Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Yichun University, Yichun, China
| | - Ning Xie
- Qingfeng Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Ganzhou, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Tan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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38
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Kern L, Abdeen SK, Kolodziejczyk AA, Elinav E. Commensal inter-bacterial interactions shaping the microbiota. Curr Opin Microbiol 2021; 63:158-171. [PMID: 34365152 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota, a complex ecosystem of microorganisms of different kingdoms, impacts host physiology and disease. Within this ecosystem, inter-bacterial interactions and their impacts on microbiota community structure and the eukaryotic host remain insufficiently explored. Microbiota-related inter-bacterial interactions range from symbiotic interactions, involving exchange of nutrients, enzymes, and genetic material; competition for nutrients and space, mediated by biophysical alterations and secretion of toxins and anti-microbials; to predation of overpopulating bacteria. Collectively, these understudied interactions hold important clues as to forces shaping microbiota diversity, niche formation, and responses to signals perceived from the host, incoming pathogens and the environment. In this review, we highlight the roles and mechanisms of selected inter-bacterial interactions in the microbiota, and their potential impacts on the host and pathogenic infection. We discuss challenges in mechanistically decoding these complex interactions, and prospects of harnessing them as future targets for rational microbiota modification in a variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Kern
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Suhaib K Abdeen
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | | | - Eran Elinav
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel; Cancer-Microbiota Division Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Bao SH, Jiang H, Zhu LY, Yao G, Han PG, Wan XK, Wang K, Song TY, Liu CJ, Wang S, Zhang ZY, Zhang DY, Meng E. A dynamic and multilocus metabolic regulation strategy using quorum-sensing-controlled bacterial small RNA. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109413. [PMID: 34289355 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic regulation strategies have been developed to redirect metabolic fluxes to production pathways. However, it is difficult to screen out target genes that, when repressed, improve yield without affecting cell growth. Here, we report a strategy using a quorum-sensing system to control small RNA transcription, allowing cell-density-dependent repression of target genes. This strategy is shown with convenient operation, dynamic repression, and availability for simultaneous regulation of multiple genes. The parameters Ai, Am, and RA (3-oxohexanoyl-homoserine lactone [AHL] concentrations at which half of the maximum repression and the maximum repression were reached and value of the maximum repression when AHL was added manually, respectively) are defined and introduced to characterize repression curves, and the variant LuxRI58N is identified as the most suitable tuning factor for shake flask culture. Moreover, it is shown that dynamic overexpression of the Hfq chaperone is the key to combinatorial repression without disruptions on cell growth. To show a broad applicability, the production titers of pinene, pentalenene, and psilocybin are improved by 365.3%, 79.5%, and 302.9%, respectively, by applying combinatorial dynamic repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Heng Bao
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, PRC
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, PRC
| | - Ling-Yun Zhu
- College of Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, PRC
| | - Ge Yao
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, PRC
| | - Peng-Gang Han
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, PRC
| | - Xiu-Kun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, PRC
| | - Kang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, PRC
| | - Tian-Yu Song
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, PRC
| | - Chang-Jun Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops, Genetic Improvement, and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, PRC
| | - Shan Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops, Genetic Improvement, and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, PRC
| | - Zhe-Yang Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops, Genetic Improvement, and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, PRC
| | - Dong-Yi Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops, Genetic Improvement, and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, PRC; College of Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, PRC.
| | - Er Meng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops, Genetic Improvement, and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, PRC.
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Tsaplina O, Khmel I, Zaitseva Y, Khaitlina S. Invasion of Serratia proteamaculans is regulated by the sprI gene encoding AHL synthase. Microbes Infect 2021; 23:104852. [PMID: 34197907 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2021.104852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Quorum Sensing (QS) system regulates gene expression in response to a change in the density of the bacterial population. Facultative pathogen Serratia proteamaculans 94 has a LuxI/LuxR type QS system consisting of regulatory protein SprR and AHL synthase SprI. Invasive activity of these bacteria appears at the stationary growth phase corresponding to a maximal density of the bacterial population in vitro. To evaluate the contribution of QS system of S. proteamaculans 94 to the regulation of invasive activity, in this work, S. proteamaculans SprI(-) mutant carrying the inactivated AHL synthase gene was used. Inactivation of the AHL synthase sprI gene resulted in a more than fourfold increase in the invasive activity of S. proteamaculans preceded by the increased adhesion of bacteria to the cell surface. This effect correlated with the increased expression of the outer membrane protein ompX gene and the decrease in the activity of intrabacterial protease protealysin, whose substrate is OmpX. The inverse correlation between activity of protealysin and bacterial invasion was also observed in the model experiments under the iron-limiting culture conditions. These results show that QS system regulates the S. proteamaculans invasion. This regulation can involve changes both in the protealysin activity and in the level of the ompX gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inessa Khmel
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia Zaitseva
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", RAS, Moscow, Russia; Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
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Yang J, He C, Zhang H, Liu M, Zhao H, Ren L, Wu D, Du F, Liu B, Han X, He S, Chen Z. Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis of a Genetic Marked Brucella Vaccine A19ΔvirB12 for Cattle. Front Immunol 2021; 12:679560. [PMID: 34163479 PMCID: PMC8215367 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.679560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella abortus is an important zoonotic pathogen that causes severe economic loss to husbandry and poses a threat to human health. The B. abortus A19 live vaccine has been extensively used to prevent bovine brucellosis in China. However, it is difficult to distinguish the serological response induced by A19 from that induced by natural infection. In this study, a novel genetically marked vaccine, A19ΔvirB12, was generated and evaluated. The results indicated that A19ΔvirB12 was able to provide effective protection against B. abortus 2308 (S2308) challenge in mice. Furthermore, the safety and protective efficacy of A19ΔvirB12 have been confirmed in natural host cattle. Additionally, the VirB12 protein allowed for serological differentiation between the S2308 challenge/natural infection and A19ΔvirB12 vaccination. However, previous studies have found that the accuracy of the serological detection based on VirB12 needs to be improved. Therefore, we attempted to identify potential supplementary antigens with differential diagnostic functions by combining label-free quantitative proteomics and protein chip technology. Twenty-six proteins identified only in S2308 were screened; among them, five proteins were considered as potential supplementary antigens. Thus, the accuracy of the differential diagnosis between A19ΔvirB12 immunization and field infection may be improved through multi-antigen detection. In addition, we explored the possible attenuation factors of Brucella vaccine strain. Nine virulence factors were downregulated in A19ΔvirB12. The downregulation pathways of A19ΔvirB12 were significantly enriched in quorum sensing, ATP-binding cassette transporter, and metabolism. Several proteins related to cell division were significantly downregulated, while some proteins involved in transcription were upregulated in S2308. In conclusion, our results contribute to the control and eradication of brucellosis and provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the attenuation of A19ΔvirB12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuanyu He
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,Tecon Biological Co. Ltd., Urumqi, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | | | | | - Lisong Ren
- Tecon Biological Co. Ltd., Urumqi, China
| | | | - Fangyuan Du
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Baoshan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaohu Han
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sun He
- Tecon Biological Co. Ltd., Urumqi, China
| | - Zeliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.,Brucellosis Prevention and Treatment Engineering Technology Research Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China.,School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Friends or Foes-Microbial Interactions in Nature. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060496. [PMID: 34199553 PMCID: PMC8229319 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Microorganisms like bacteria, archaea, fungi, microalgae, and viruses mostly form complex interactive networks within the ecosystem rather than existing as single planktonic cells. Interactions among microorganisms occur between the same species, with different species, or even among entirely different genera, families, or even domains. These interactions occur after environmental sensing, followed by converting those signals to molecular and genetic information, including many mechanisms and classes of molecules. Comprehensive studies on microbial interactions disclose key strategies of microbes to colonize and establish in a variety of different environments. Knowledge of the mechanisms involved in the microbial interactions is essential to understand the ecological impact of microbes and the development of dysbioses. It might be the key to exploit strategies and specific agents against different facing challenges, such as chronic and infectious diseases, hunger crisis, pollution, and sustainability. Abstract Microorganisms are present in nearly every niche on Earth and mainly do not exist solely but form communities of single or mixed species. Within such microbial populations and between the microbes and a eukaryotic host, various microbial interactions take place in an ever-changing environment. Those microbial interactions are crucial for a successful establishment and maintenance of a microbial population. The basic unit of interaction is the gene expression of each organism in this community in response to biotic or abiotic stimuli. Differential gene expression is responsible for producing exchangeable molecules involved in the interactions, ultimately leading to community behavior. Cooperative and competitive interactions within bacterial communities and between the associated bacteria and the host are the focus of this review, emphasizing microbial cell–cell communication (quorum sensing). Further, metagenomics is discussed as a helpful tool to analyze the complex genomic information of microbial communities and the functional role of different microbes within a community and to identify novel biomolecules for biotechnological applications.
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Emerging applications of bacteria as antitumor agents. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 86:1014-1025. [PMID: 33989734 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria are associated with the human body and colonize the gut, skin, and mucous membranes. These associations can be either symbiotic or pathogenic. In either case, bacteria derive more benefit from their host. The ability of bacteria to enter and survive within the human body can be exploited for human benefit. They can be used as a vehicle for delivering or producing bioactive molecules, such as toxins and lytic enzymes, and eventually for killing tumor cells. Clostridium and Salmonella have been shown to infect and survive within the human body, including in tumors. There is a need to develop genetic circuits, which enable bacterial cells to carry out the following activities: (i) escape the human immune system, (ii) invade tumors, (iii) multiply within the tumorous cells, (iv) produce toxins via quorum sensing at low cell densities, and (v) express suicide genes to undergo cell death or cell lysis after the tumor has been lysed. Thus, bacteria have the potential to be exploited as anticancer agents.
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Zandbergen LE, Halverson T, Brons JK, Wolfe AJ, de Vos MGJ. The Good and the Bad: Ecological Interaction Measurements Between the Urinary Microbiota and Uropathogens. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:659450. [PMID: 34040594 PMCID: PMC8141646 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.659450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The human body harbors numerous populations of microorganisms in various ecological niches. Some of these microbial niches, such as the human gut and the respiratory system, are well studied. One system that has been understudied is the urinary tract, primarily because it has been considered sterile in the absence of infection. Thanks to modern sequencing and enhanced culture techniques, it is now known that a urinary microbiota exists. The implication is that these species live as communities in the urinary tract, forming microbial ecosystems. However, the interactions between species in such an ecosystem remains unknown. Various studies in different parts of the human body have highlighted the ability of the pre-existing microbiota to alter the course of infection by impacting the pathogenicity of bacteria either directly or indirectly. For the urinary tract, the effect of the resident microbiota on uropathogens and the phenotypic microbial interactions is largely unknown. No studies have yet measured the response of uropathogens to the resident urinary bacteria. In this study, we investigate the interactions between uropathogens, isolated from elderly individuals suffering from UTIs, and bacteria isolated from the urinary tract of asymptomatic individuals using growth measurements in conditioned media. We observed that bacteria isolated from individuals with UTI-like symptoms and bacteria isolated from asymptomatic individuals can affect each other's growth; for example, bacteria isolated from symptomatic individuals affect the growth of bacteria isolated from asymptomatic individuals more negatively than vice versa. Additionally, we show that Gram-positive bacteria alter the growth characteristics differently compared to Gram-negative bacteria. Our results are an early step in elucidating the role of microbial interactions in urinary microbial ecosystems that harbor both uropathogens and pre-existing microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens E. Zandbergen
- Microbial Eco-Evolutionary Medicine Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Halverson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Jolanda K. Brons
- Microbial Eco-Evolutionary Medicine Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Alan J. Wolfe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Marjon G. J. de Vos
- Microbial Eco-Evolutionary Medicine Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Abstract
Bacteriophages are the most diverse and abundant biological entities on the Earth and require host bacteria to replicate. Because of this obligate relationship, in addition to the challenging conditions of surrounding environments, phages must integrate information about extrinsic and intrinsic factors when infecting their host. This integration helps to determine whether the infection becomes lytic or lysogenic, which likely influences phage spreading and long-term survival. Although a variety of environmental and physiological clues are known to modulate lysis-lysogeny decisions, the social interplay among phages and host populations has been overlooked until recently. A growing body of evidence indicates that cell-cell communication in bacteria and, more recently, peptide-based communication among phage-phage populations, affect phage-host interactions by controlling phage lysis-lysogeny decisions and phage counter-defensive strategies in bacteria. Here, we explore and discuss the role of signal molecules as well as quorum sensing and quenching factors that mediate phage-host interactions. Our aim is to provide an overview of population-dependent mechanisms that influence phage replication, and how social communication may affect the dynamics and evolution of microbial communities, including their implications in phage therapy.
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Biological and clinical significance of quorum sensing alkylquinolones: current analytical and bioanalytical methods for their quantification. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:4599-4618. [PMID: 33959788 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03356-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a sophisticated bacterial communication system which plays a key role in the virulence and biofilm formation of many pathogens. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa QS network consists of four sets of connected systems (las, rlh, pqs and iqs) hierarchically organized. The pqs system involves characteristic autoinducers (AI), most of them sharing an alkylquinolone (AQ) structure, and is able to carry out several relevant biological functions besides its main signalling activity. Their role in bacterial physiology and pathogenicity has been widely studied. Indeed, the presence of these metabolites in several body fluids and infected tissues has pointed to their potential value as biomarkers of infection. In this review, we summarize the most recent findings about the biological implications and the clinical significance of the main P. aeruginosa AQs. These findings have encouraged the development of analytical and bioanalytical techniques addressed to assess the role of these metabolites in bacterial growth and survival, during pathogenesis or as biomarkers of infections. The availability of highly sensitive reliable analytical methods suitable for clinical analysis would allow getting knowledge about pathogenesis and disease prognosis or progression, supporting clinicians on the decision-making process for the management of these infections and guiding them on the application of more effective and appropriate treatments. The benefits from the implementation of the point-of-care (PoC)-type testing in infectious disease diagnostics, which are seen to improve patient outcomes by promoting earlier therapeutic interventions, are also discussed.
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Díaz-Nuñez JL, García-Contreras R, Castillo-Juárez I. The New Antibacterial Properties of the Plants: Quo vadis Studies of Anti-virulence Phytochemicals? Front Microbiol 2021; 12:667126. [PMID: 34025622 PMCID: PMC8137972 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.667126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent increase in bacterial resistance to antibiotics has motivated the resurgence of the study of natural antimicrobial products. For centuries, plants have been recognized for their bactericidal properties. However, in the last two decades, it has been reported that several plant derived metabolites at growth subinhibitory concentrations also tend to have anti-virulence properties, since they reduce the expression of factors that cause damage and the establishment of pathogenic bacteria. In this area of study, plants have been positioned as one of the main natural sources of anti-virulence molecules, but only a small portion of the plant species that exist have been investigated. Also, anti-virulence studies have been primarily focused on analyzing the ability of extracts and compounds to inhibit quorum sensing and biofilms formation in vitro. This mini-review discusses the current panorama, the trends in the study of anti-virulence phytochemicals, as well as their potential for the development of antibacterial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Díaz-Nuñez
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, Posgrado de Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo García-Contreras
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Israel Castillo-Juárez
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, Posgrado de Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, Mexico
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Sheikh SW, Ali A, Ahsan A, Shakoor S, Shang F, Xue T. Insights into Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance in Acid-Adapted Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:522. [PMID: 34063307 PMCID: PMC8147483 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens presents a global challenge for treating and preventing disease spread through zoonotic transmission. The water and foodborne Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are capable of causing intestinal and systemic diseases. The root cause of the emergence of these strains is their metabolic adaptation to environmental stressors, especially acidic pH. Acid treatment is desired to kill pathogens, but the protective mechanisms employed by EHECs cross-protect against antimicrobial peptides and thus facilitate opportunities for survival and pathogenesis. In this review, we have discussed the correlation between acid tolerance and antibiotic resistance, highlighting the identification of novel targets for potential production of antimicrobial therapeutics. We have also summarized the molecular mechanisms used by acid-adapted EHECs, such as the two-component response systems mediating structural modifications, competitive inhibition, and efflux activation that facilitate cross-protection against antimicrobial compounds. Moving beyond the descriptive studies, this review highlights low pH stress as an emerging player in the development of cross-protection against antimicrobial agents. We have also described potential gene targets for innovative therapeutic approaches to overcome the risk of multidrug-resistant diseases in healthcare and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Waheed Sheikh
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China;
| | - Ahmad Ali
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China;
| | - Asma Ahsan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan;
| | - Sidra Shakoor
- Station de Neucfchateau, CIRAD, 97130 Sainte-Marie, Capesterre Belle Eau, Guadeloupe, France;
| | - Fei Shang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China;
| | - Ting Xue
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China;
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Chiriac AP, Rusu AG, Nita LE, Chiriac VM, Neamtu I, Sandu A. Polymeric Carriers Designed for Encapsulation of Essential Oils with Biological Activity. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050631. [PMID: 33925127 PMCID: PMC8146382 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The article reviews the possibilities of encapsulating essential oils EOs, due to their multiple benefits, controlled release, and in order to protect them from environmental conditions. Thus, we present the natural polymers and the synthetic macromolecular chains that are commonly used as networks for embedding EOs, owing to their biodegradability and biocompatibility, interdependent encapsulation methods, and potential applicability of bioactive blend structures. The possibilities of using artificial intelligence to evaluate the bioactivity of EOs—in direct correlation with their chemical constitutions and structures, in order to avoid complex laboratory analyses, to save money and time, and to enhance the final consistency of the products—are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurica P. Chiriac
- Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (A.G.R.); (L.E.N.); (I.N.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alina G. Rusu
- Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (A.G.R.); (L.E.N.); (I.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Loredana E. Nita
- Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (A.G.R.); (L.E.N.); (I.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Vlad M. Chiriac
- Faculty of Electronics Telecommunications and Information Technology, Gh. Asachi Technical University, 700050 Iași, Romania;
| | - Iordana Neamtu
- Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (A.G.R.); (L.E.N.); (I.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Alina Sandu
- Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (A.G.R.); (L.E.N.); (I.N.); (A.S.)
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