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Al-Momani H, Massadeh MI, Almasri M, Al Balawi D, Aolymat I, Hamed S, Albiss BA, Ibrahim L, Balawi HA, Al Haj Mahmoud S. Anti-Bacterial Activity of Green Synthesised Silver and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Propionibacterium acnes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:255. [PMID: 38399471 PMCID: PMC10891609 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Propionibacterium acnes plays a critical role in the development of acne vulgaris. There has been a rise in the number of patients carrying P. acnes strains that are resistant to antibiotics. Thus, alternative anti-microbial agents are required. Zinc oxide (ZnO-NPs) and silver (Ag-NPs) nanoparticles can be used against several antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The impact of Ag-NPs and ZnO-NPs against two clinical strains of P. acnes, P1 and P2, and a reference strain, NCTC747, were investigated in this research. A chemical approach for the green synthesis of Ag-NPs and ZnO-NPs from Peganum harmala was employed. The microtiter plate method was used to examine the effects of NPs on bacterial growth, biofilm development, and biofilm eradication. A broth microdilution process was performed in order to determine minimal inhibitory (MIC) concentrations. Ag-NPs and ZnO-NPs had a spherical shape and average dimensions of 10 and 50 nm, respectively. MIC values for all P. acnes strains for Ag-NPs and ZnO-NPs were 125 µg/mL and 250 µg/mL, respectively. Ag-NP and ZnO-NP concentrations of 3.9- 62.5 µg/mL and 15-62.5 µg/mL significantly inhibited the growth and biofilm formation of all P. acnes strains, respectively. ZnO-NP concentrations of 15-62.5 μg/mL significantly inhibited the growth of NCTC747 and P2 strains. The growth of P1 was impacted by concentrations of 31.25 μg/mL and 62.5 μg/mL. Biofilm formation in the NCTC747 strain was diminished by a ZnO-NP concentration of 15 μg/mL. The clinical strains of P. acnes were only affected by ZnO-NP titres of more than 31.25 μg/mL. Established P. acne biofilm biomass was significantly reduced in all strains at a Ag-NP and ZnO-NP concentration of 62.5 µg/mL. The findings demonstrated that Ag-NPs and ZnO-NPs exert an anti-bacterial effect against P. acnes. Further research is required to determine their potential utility as a treatment option for acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafez Al-Momani
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Muhannad I. Massadeh
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan; (M.I.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Muna Almasri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan; (M.I.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Dua’a Al Balawi
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Iman Aolymat
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan;
| | - Saja Hamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan;
| | - Borhan Aldeen Albiss
- Nanotechnology Institute, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Lugain Ibrahim
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Hadeel Al Balawi
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Sameer Al Haj Mahmoud
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa’ Applied University, AL-Salt 19117, Jordan;
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Al-Momani H, Mashal S, Al Balawi D, Almasri M, Al-Shudifat AE, Khasawneh AI, Pearson J, Ward C. A prospective study of extraesophageal reflux and potential microaspiration in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Jordan. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:341. [PMID: 37697259 PMCID: PMC10496175 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02638-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lung infection has represented a global challenge. Intriguingly, it has been shown that the alveolar lung epithelium expresses little Angiotensin Converting Enzyme receptor protein (ACE2), the entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Upper airway establishment of infection and translocation to the lung is well documented but other anatomical niches may be relevant to potentially serious lung infection. ACE2 is heavily expressed in the gastrointestinal tract and gastrointestinal symptoms support a clinical diagnosis of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This suggests a research question and the need to gather patient data exploring potential aerodigestive links in SARS-CoV-2 tranlocation and infection which may be relevant in the peripheral lung. This recognizes anatomical proximity and concepts of bi-directional movement between the Gastrointestinal and lung systems in normal physiology and disease. We have therefore explored the potential for gastro oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) micro aspiration and aeorodigestive pathophysiology in a novel prospective investigation of patients hospitalized with COVID-19. METHODS This is a prospective descriptive cohort study of 210 patients who were hospitalized with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. The cohort was divided into three groups of patients based on symptom severity and radiological results. The Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) was used to evaluate the presence and severity of GOR. An RSI greater than 13 is considered to be abnormal. Patients' saliva samples were tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine the level of salivary pepsin among the cohort of patients. RESULTS A total of 210 patients with COVID-19 were enrolled in the study with 55.2% (116/210) classified as mildly ill, 31.9% (67/210) moderately ill and 12.9% (27/210) as severely ill. 34% (72/210) of the patients had an RSI score of over 13 and a median salivary pepsin value of 54 ± 29 ng/ml which suggested an incidence of extraesophageal reflux (EOR) in around a third of patients. The presence of respiratory comorbid conditions, an RSI score of over 13 and a salivary pepsin level of > 76ng/ml increased the risk of developing a more severe COVID-19 infection. CONCLUSION The study showed a high prevalence of EOR among the study cohort and provide the first prospective evidence suggesting the potential for aerodigestive pathophysiology including microaspiration in COVID-19 disease. We believe that the results of our study support the need for more extensive research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafez Al-Momani
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Forensic medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan.
| | - Safaa Mashal
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Forensic medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Dua'a Al Balawi
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Muna Almasri
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Abdel-Ellah Al-Shudifat
- Department of Internal and family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Ashraf I Khasawneh
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Forensic medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Jeffrey Pearson
- Translational and clinical research and Biosciences institutes, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Christopher Ward
- Translational and clinical research and Biosciences institutes, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
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Al-Momani H, Balawi DA, Almasri M, AlGhawrie H, Ibrahim L, Adli L, Balawi HA, Haj Mahmoud SA. Gastroesophageal reflux in lockdown. Future Sci OA 2023; 9:FSO863. [PMID: 37228859 PMCID: PMC10203906 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim This study examines the changes in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptom frequency among patients with GERD throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A structured questionnaire was distributed among 198 GERD patients. The questionnaire consisted of a demographic characteristic assessment, the GerdQ questionnaire, and a reflux symptom index (RSI) questionnaire. Result & conclusion A statistically significant increase in GerdQ score was identified among participants during the COVID-19 pandemic (t = 7.055, df = 209, p < 0.001), who had experienced an increase in the frequency of positive predictors of GERD and a decrease in the frequency of negative predictors of GERD. The COVID-19 pandemic and its related lockdown countermeasures may have led to exacerbating and worsening GERD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafez Al-Momani
- Department of Microbiology, pathology & forensic medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Dua'a Al Balawi
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Muna Almasri
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Hadeel AlGhawrie
- Infection control officer, Infection Control Unit, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, 11941, Jordan
| | - Lujain Ibrahim
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Lena Adli
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Hadeel Al Balawi
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Sameer Al Haj Mahmoud
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa’ Applied University, AL-Salt, 19117, Jordan
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Al-Momani H, Aolymat I, Almasri M, Mahmoud SA, Mashal S. Prevalence of gastro-intestinal symptoms among COVID-19 patients and the association with disease clinical outcomes. Future Sci OA 2023; 9:FSO858. [PMID: 37180610 PMCID: PMC10167716 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim This study examined the various manifestations of COVID-19 in people's gastro-intestinal system and how gastro-intestinal involvement relates to the progression and outcome of the disease. Methodology A questionnaire survey was used to collect data from 561 COVID-19 patients between February 6 and 6 April 2022. Laboratory data and clinical outcomes were obtained from the patients' medical records. Results 39.9% of patients presented gastro-intestinal symptoms, mainly loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Gastro-intestinal symptoms were not linked to poorer outcomes such as mortality, ICU admission or length of hospital stays. Conclusion gastro-intestinal symptoms were common among patients and may manifest with respiratory symptoms. We recommended clinicians to watch out for gastro-intestinal symptoms as related to COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafez Al-Momani
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology & Forensic medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, PO box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Iman Aolymat
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, PO box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Muna Almasri
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology & Forensic medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, PO box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Sameer Alhaj Mahmoud
- Department of basic medical science, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa’ Applied University, As-Salt, Jordan
| | - Safaa Mashal
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology & Forensic medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, PO box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
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Al-Momani H, Almasri M, Al Balawi D, Hamed S, Albiss BA, Aldabaibeh N, Ibrahim L, Albalawi H, Al Haj Mahmoud S, Khasawneh AI, Kilani M, Aldhafeeri M, Bani-Hani M, Wilcox M, Pearson J, Ward C. The efficacy of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8876. [PMID: 37264060 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35919-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The high antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) makes it critical to develop alternative antimicrobial agents that are effective and affordable. One of the many applications of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) is their use as an antimicrobial agent against bacteria resistant to common antibiotics. The key purpose of this research was to assess the antibacterial and antibiofilm effectiveness of biosynthesized Ag NPs against six biofilm-forming clinically isolated strains of PA and one reference strain (ATCC 27853). Ag NPs were biosynthesized using a seed extract of Peganum harmala as a reducing agent. Ag NPs were characterized by Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The effect of Ag NPs on biofilm formation and eradication was examined through micro-titer plate assays, and the minimal inhibitory (MIC) and minimum bactericidal (MBC) concentrations determined. In addition, real-time polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) were performed to examine the effects of Ag NPs on the expression of seven PA biofilm-encoding genes (LasR, LasI, LssB, rhIR, rhII, pqsA and pqsR). The biosynthesized Ag NPs were spherically-shaped with a mean diameter of 11 nm. The MIC for each PA strain was 15.6 µg/ml, while the MBC was 31.25 µg/ml. All PA strains exposed to Ag NPs at sub-inhibitory concentrations (0.22-7.5 µg/ml) showed significant inhibitory effects on growth and biofilm formation. Biomass and biofilm metabolism were reduced dependent on Ag NP concentration. The expression of the quorum-sensing genes of all strains were significantly reduced at an Ag NP concentration of 7.5 µg/ml. The results demonstrate the extensive in-vitro antibacterial and antibiofilm performance of Ag NPs and their potential in the treatment of PA infection. It is recommended that future studies examine the possible synergy between Ag NPs and antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafez Al-Momani
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hashemite University Medical School, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan.
| | - Muna Almasri
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Dua'A Al Balawi
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Saja Hamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Borhan Aldeen Albiss
- Nanotechnology Institute, Jordan University of Science & Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Nour Aldabaibeh
- Supervisor of Microbiology Laboratory, Laboratory Medicine Department, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Lugain Ibrahim
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Hadeel Albalawi
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Sameer Al Haj Mahmoud
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa' Applied University, AL-Salt, Jordan
| | - Ashraf I Khasawneh
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hashemite University Medical School, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Muna Kilani
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Muneef Aldhafeeri
- Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Muayyad Bani-Hani
- Department of Plant Production and Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Jerash University, Jerash, Jordan
| | - Matthew Wilcox
- Institutes of Cellular Medicine and Cell & Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jeffrey Pearson
- Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Christopher Ward
- Institutes of Cellular Medicine and Cell & Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
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Al-Momani H, Al Balawi D, Hamed S, Albiss BA, Almasri M, AlGhawrie H, Ibrahim L, Al Balawi H, Al Haj Mahmoud S, Pearson J, Ward C. The impact of biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles from Olea europaea (Common Olive) on Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth and biofilm formation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5096. [PMID: 36991258 PMCID: PMC10060419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32366-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThere is a limitation in the range of effectual antibiotics due to the Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infection due to its innate antimicrobial resistance. Researchers have therefore been concentrating their efforts to discover advanced and cost effective antibacterial agents among the ever-increasing PA bacterial resistance strains. It has been discovered that various nanoparticles can be employed as antimicrobial agents. Here, we evaluated the antibacterial properties of the Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), which was biosynthesized, being examined on six hospital strains of PA alongside a reference strain (ATCC 27853). A chemical approach was applied to biosynthesize the ZnO NPs from Olea europaea was performed, and confirmed by using X-ray diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopes. The nanoparticles then applied their antibacterial properties to examine them against six clinically isolated PA strains alongside the reference strain. This process tested for the results of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The Growth, biofilm formation and eradication were analyzed. The influence of the differentiating degrees ZnO NPs in regard to Quorom sensing gene expression were further examined. The ZnO NPs exhibited a crystalline size and diameter (Dc) of 40–60 nm and both the MIC and MBC tests revealed positive outcomes of concentrations of 3 and 6 mg/ml for each PA strain, respectively. At sub inhibitory concentration, The ZnO NPs were found to significantly inhibit the growth and biofilm formation of all PA strains and decreases in the biomass and metabolic behavior of PA established biofilms; these decreases varied depending on the dosage. At ZnO NPs concentrations of 900 µg/ml, the expression of majority of quorum sensing genes of all strains were significantly reduced, at ZnO NPs concentrations of 300 µg/ml, few genes were significantly impacted. In conclusion, the treatment of PA and could be other antibiotic resistant bacteria can therefore be approached by using ZnO NPs as it has been uncovered that they withhold advanced antibacterial properties.
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Khasawneh AI, Himsawi NM, Abu-Raideh JA, Sammour A, Abu Safieh H, Obeidat A, Azab M, Tarifi AA, Al Khawaldeh A, Al-Momani H, Al Shboul S, Saleh T. Prevalence of SARS-COV-2 and other respiratory pathogens among a Jordanian subpopulation during Delta-to-Omicron transition: Winter 2021/2022. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283804. [PMID: 36996148 PMCID: PMC10062597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) during the winter months are associated with higher morbidity and mortality compared to other seasons of the year, with children below five, elderly, and immunocompromised patients being the most susceptible. Influenza A and B viruses, rhinovirus, coronaviruses, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, and parainfluenza viruses, are the most frequently identified causes of viral ARTIs. In addition, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019 provided an additional viral cause of ARTIs. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the epidemiological status of upper respiratory infections, their main causative agents, and reported clinical presentation in the winter months of 2021, during two important surges of COVID-19 in Jordan. Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from 339 symptomatic patients during the period from December 2021 to March 2022, followed by nucleic acid isolation using a Viral RNA/DNA extraction Kit. The causative virus species associated with the patient's respiratory symptoms was determined utilizing a multiplex real-time PCR targeting 21 viruses, 11 bacteria, and a single fungus. SARS-CoV-2 was identified in 39.2% of the patients (n = 133/339). A total of 15 different pathogens were also identified as co-infections among these 133 patients (n = 67/133). SARS-CoV-2-Bacterial coinfections (37.6%, n = 50/133) were the most frequent, with Bordetella species being the most common, followed by Staphylococcus aureus, and H.influenzae type B. Viral coinfection rate was 27.8% (n = 37/133), with Influenza B virus and Human bocavirus being the most common. In Conclusion, Both SARS-CoV-2, influenza B virus, and Bordetella accounted for the majority of infections in patients with URTI during the winter months of 2021-2022. Interestingly, more than 50% of the patients with symptoms of URTIs were confirmed to have a coinfection with two or more respiratory pathogens, with SARS-CoV-2 and Bordetella coinfection being most predominant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf I Khasawneh
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Nisreen M Himsawi
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Jumana A Abu-Raideh
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Ashraf Sammour
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Hazem Abu Safieh
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Ali Obeidat
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Irbid Specialty Hospital, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Azab
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Amjed A Tarifi
- Department of Specialized Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Abdallah Al Khawaldeh
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Hafez Al-Momani
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Sofian Al Shboul
- Department of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Tareq Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
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Al-Momani H, Aldajah K, Alda'ajah E, ALjafar Y, Abushawer Z. Effectiveness of Pfizer/BioNTech and Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccines in reducing hospital admissions in prince Hamza hospital, Jordan. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1008521. [PMID: 36211700 PMCID: PMC9532618 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1008521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is a need to establish the effectiveness of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in reducing COVID-19-related hopitalization of patients in Jordan. As the vaccination program accelerates, it is important to determine whether the vaccines' effectiveness (VE) has successfully reduced the number of acute cases admitted to hospital. Methods To determine the efficacy of Pfizer-BioNTech and Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccines among Jordanian patients admitted to Prince Hamza hospital, a single center case-control study was performed. The study analyzed the hospitalization rates of vaccinated (n = 536) and unvaccinated (n = 585) individuals across the 2-month period from February 6 to April 6, 2022. The cases were patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 ("case-patients"), whilst the control group were hospital patients who did not test positive for SARS-CoV-2 ("control-patients"). Results This study found that among 1,121 total participants (561 cases and 560 control), the overall vaccine effectiveness (VE) among the participants was 84% (95% Cl 79-88%). VE was higher in females (88%, 95% Cl 84-93%) than in males (77%, 95% Cl 67-84%) (p < 0.001), and it was highest in those between the ages of 18 and 28-years-old (95%, 95% CI 86-98%). For patients with pre-existing conditions, including chronic heart disease, chronic lung disease, and diabetes, VE was higher compared to patients with no comorbidities, though the difference was not statistically significant. Finally, in comparing all vaccinated participants, VE was higher for those who received the Pfizer vaccine (VE = 92%, 95% CI 88-94%) (OR 0.08, 95% CI 0.06-0.12) than for those who received the Sinopharm vaccine (VE = 67%, 95% CI 52-78%) (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.22-0.48); (p = 0.011). Conclusion Overall, Pfizer and Sinopharm vaccines were found to be effective in limiting hospitalizations for acute cases of coronavirus among Jordanian adult's patient's cohort between February 6 and April 6, 2022, especially among patients with comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafez Al-Momani
- Basic Medical Science Department, School of Medicine, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan,*Correspondence: Hafez Al-Momani
| | - Khawla Aldajah
- Infection Control Unit, Prince Hamza Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Yousef ALjafar
- Infection Control Unit, Prince Hamza Hospital, Amman, Jordan
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Al-Momani H, Perry A, Nelson A, Stewart CJ, Jones R, Krishnan A, Robertson A, Bourke S, Doe S, Cummings S, Anderson A, Forrest T, Forrest I, Griffin M, Wilcox M, Brodlie M, Pearson J, Ward C. Exposure to bile and gastric juice can impact the aerodigestive microbiome in people with cystic fibrosis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11114. [PMID: 35773410 PMCID: PMC9247099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15375-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of microbiota reveal inter-relationships between the microbiomes of the gut and lungs. This relationship may influence the progression of lung disease, particularly in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), who often experience extraoesophageal reflux (EOR). Despite identifying this relationship, it is not well characterised. Our hypothesis is that the gastric and lung microbiomes in CF are related, with the potential for aerodigestive pathophysiology. We evaluated gastric and sputum bacterial communities by culture and 16S rRNA gene sequencing in 13 CF patients. Impacts of varying levels of bile acids, pepsin and pH on patient isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) were evaluated. Clonally related strains of Pa and NTM were identified in gastric and sputum samples from patients with symptoms of EOR. Bacterial diversity was more pronounced in sputa compared to gastric juice. Gastric and lung bile and pepsin levels were associated with Pa biofilm formation. Analysis of the aerodigestive microbiomes of CF patients with negative sputa indicates that the gut can be a reservoir of Pa and NTM. This combined with the CF patient's symptoms of reflux and potential aspiration, highlights the possibility of communication between microorganisms of the gut and the lungs. This phenomenon merits further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafez Al-Momani
- Basic Medical Science Department, School of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Audrey Perry
- Department of Microbiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Andrew Nelson
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Christopher J Stewart
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Rhys Jones
- Institutes of Cellular Medicine and Cell & Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Amaran Krishnan
- Institutes of Cellular Medicine and Cell & Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Andrew Robertson
- NHS Fife and Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Stephen Bourke
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre and Northern Oesophago-Gastric Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Simon Doe
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre and Northern Oesophago-Gastric Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Stephen Cummings
- School of Science and Engineering, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BA, UK
| | - Alan Anderson
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre and Northern Oesophago-Gastric Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Tara Forrest
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre and Northern Oesophago-Gastric Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Ian Forrest
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre and Northern Oesophago-Gastric Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Michael Griffin
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre and Northern Oesophago-Gastric Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Matthew Wilcox
- Institutes of Cellular Medicine and Cell & Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Malcolm Brodlie
- Institutes of Cellular Medicine and Cell & Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jeffrey Pearson
- Institutes of Cellular Medicine and Cell & Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Christopher Ward
- Institutes of Cellular Medicine and Cell & Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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Al-Momani H, Perry A, Jones R, Bourke S, Doe S, Perry J, Anderson A, Forrest T, Forrest I, Griffin M, Brodlie M, Pearson J, Ward C. Nontuberculous mycobacteria in gastrostomy fed patients with cystic fibrosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46546. [PMID: 28436419 PMCID: PMC5402269 DOI: 10.1038/srep46546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABSC) is a form of Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) of special, international concern in Cystic Fibrosis (CF). We hypothesised that gastric juice and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) feeding devices might yield MABSC isolates. Gastric juice and sputa from sixteen adult PEG fed CF patients and five replaced PEG tubes were studied. Bacterial and fungal isolates were cultured. Mycobacterium were identified by rpoB, sodA and hsp65 gene sequencing and strain typed using variable number tandem repeat. Bacteria and/or fungi grew from all gastric juice, sputa and PEG samples. MABSC were detected in 7 patients. Five had MABSC in their sputum. Two had an identical MABSC strain in their sputum and gastric juice and one had the same strain isolated from their PEG tube and sputum. Two patients who were sputum sample negative had MABSC isolated in their gastric juice or PEG tube. MABSC were therefore identified for the first time from a gastric sample in a minority of patients. We conclude that gastric juice and PEG-tubes may be a potential source of MABSC isolates in CF patients, and these findings warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Al-Momani
- Institutes of Cellular Medicine and Cell &Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - A Perry
- Department of Microbiology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN, UK
| | - R Jones
- Institutes of Cellular Medicine and Cell &Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - S Bourke
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre and Northern Oesophago-Gastric Unit Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - S Doe
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre and Northern Oesophago-Gastric Unit Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - J Perry
- Department of Microbiology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN, UK
| | - A Anderson
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre and Northern Oesophago-Gastric Unit Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - T Forrest
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre and Northern Oesophago-Gastric Unit Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - I Forrest
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre and Northern Oesophago-Gastric Unit Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - M Griffin
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre and Northern Oesophago-Gastric Unit Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - M Brodlie
- Institutes of Cellular Medicine and Cell &Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - J Pearson
- Institutes of Cellular Medicine and Cell &Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - C Ward
- Institutes of Cellular Medicine and Cell &Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
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Al-Momani H, Perry A, Stewart CJ, Jones R, Krishnan A, Robertson AG, Bourke S, Doe S, Cummings SP, Anderson A, Forrest T, Griffin SM, Brodlie M, Pearson J, Ward C. Microbiological profiles of sputum and gastric juice aspirates in Cystic Fibrosis patients. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26985. [PMID: 27245316 PMCID: PMC4887896 DOI: 10.1038/srep26985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux (GOR) is a key problem in Cystic Fibrosis (CF), but the relationship between lung and gastric microbiomes is not well understood. We hypothesised that CF gastric and lung microbiomes are related. Gastric and sputum cultures were obtained from fifteen CF patients receiving percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding. Non-CF gastric juice data was obtained through endoscopy from 14 patients without lung disease. Bacterial and fungal isolates were identified by culture. Molecular bacterial profiling used next generation sequencing (NGS) of the 16S rRNA gene. Cultures grew bacteria and/or fungi in all CF gastric juice and sputa and in 9/14 non-CF gastric juices. Pseudomonas aeruginosa(Pa) was present in CF sputum in 11 patients, 4 had identical Pa strains in the stomach. NGS data from non-CF gastric juice samples were significantly more diverse compared to CF samples. NGS showed CF gastric juice had markedly lower abundance of normal gut bacteria; Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium, but increased Pseudomonas compared with non-CF. Multivariate partial least squares discriminant analysis demonstrated similar bacterial profiles of CF sputum and gastric juice samples, which were distinct from non-CF gastric juice. We provide novel evidence suggesting the existence of an aerodigestive microbiome in CF, which may have clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Al-Momani
- Institutes of Cellular Medicine and Cell &Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne. NE2 4HH, UK
| | - A Perry
- Department of Microbiology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
| | - C J Stewart
- Northumbria University, Ellison Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - R Jones
- Institutes of Cellular Medicine and Cell &Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne. NE2 4HH, UK
| | - A Krishnan
- Institutes of Cellular Medicine and Cell &Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne. NE2 4HH, UK
| | - A G Robertson
- Institutes of Cellular Medicine and Cell &Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne. NE2 4HH, UK
| | - S Bourke
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre and Northern Oesophago-Gastric Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK
| | - S Doe
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre and Northern Oesophago-Gastric Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK
| | - S P Cummings
- School of Science and Engineering, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BA, UK
| | - A Anderson
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre and Northern Oesophago-Gastric Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK
| | - T Forrest
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre and Northern Oesophago-Gastric Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK
| | - S M Griffin
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre and Northern Oesophago-Gastric Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK
| | - M Brodlie
- Institutes of Cellular Medicine and Cell &Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne. NE2 4HH, UK
| | - J Pearson
- Institutes of Cellular Medicine and Cell &Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne. NE2 4HH, UK
| | - C Ward
- Institutes of Cellular Medicine and Cell &Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne. NE2 4HH, UK
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Al-Momani H, Miller C, Stephenson BM. Stoma siting and the 'arcuate line' of Douglas: might it be of relevance to later herniation? Colorectal Dis 2014; 16:141-3. [PMID: 24164858 DOI: 10.1111/codi.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Preoperative stoma site marking aims to select an appropriate location for stoma positioning but there are no fixed anatomical points of reference. A stoma raised below the arcuate line (AL) of the posterior rectus sheath may be a contributing factor to later herniation. METHOD The patients' preferred position for a stoma was marked preoperatively by a nurse stomatherapist in 75 unselected cases. The position of the AL was determined in relation to standard anatomical landmarks (umbilicus, xiphoid process, pubic symphysis and the anterior superior iliac spines). RESULTS The proportion of patients whose stoma trephine was sited below the AL varied with the anatomical landmark examined. Measurements of symphysis pubis to xiphoid process or height above the iliac spines revealed 36-41% of chosen sites were at or below the AL. In 16 of 29 (55%) women the marked sites were at or below the AL. Of 44 patients who had their site marked above the AL, 23 (53%) were within 2 cm of the AL. In obese patients and those with a waist circumference greater than 100 cm over 50% had their site marked at or within 2 cm of the AL. CONCLUSION To ensure a stoma site is above the AL of the posterior rectus sheath its centre should be at least 4 cm above a horizontal line between the anterior superior iliac spines. This might reduce later herniation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Al-Momani
- Department of Surgery, Royal Gwent Hospital, Aneurin Bevan Health Board, Newport, Wales, UK
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Al-Momani H, Stephenson BM. Comparison of mesh-plug and Lichtenstein for inguinal hernia repair: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Li J, Ji Z, Li Y. Hernia 2012 Jul 28. doi: 10.1007/s10029-012-0974-6. Hernia 2012; 17:151. [PMID: 23011738 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-012-0997-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Humphreys A, Rees M, Al-Momani H, Gateley C. Adjuvant! Online versus PREDICT: Which prognostic tool to use and does it make a difference? Eur J Surg Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2012.02.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Al-Momani H, Tayson M, Hattab A, Gomez K, Ghosh S. 82 Collateral damage – the full impact of breast cancer on the family unit. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)70113-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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