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Chiu PE, Fu Z, Tsai YC, Tsai CY, Hsu WJ, Chou LW, Lai DW. Fu's subcutaneous needling promotes axonal regeneration and remyelination by inhibiting inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Transl Res 2024:S1931-5244(24)00140-3. [PMID: 38950695 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Fu's subcutaneous needling (FSN) is a traditional Chinese acupuncture procedure used to treat pain-related neurological disorders. Moreover, the regulation of inflammatory cytokines may provide a favorable environment for peripheral nerve regeneration. In light of this, FSN may be an important novel therapeutic strategy to alleviate pain associated with peripheral neuropathy; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study revealed that patients who had osteoarthritis with peripheral neuropathic pain significantly recovered after 1 to 2 weeks of FSN treatment according to the visual analog scale, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, Lequesne index, walking speed, and passive range of motion. Similarly, we demonstrated that FSN treatment in an animal model of chronic constriction injury (CCI) significantly improved sciatic nerve pain using paw withdrawal thresholds, sciatic functional index scores, and compound muscle action potential amplitude tests. In addition, transmission electron microscopy images of sciatic nerve tissue showed that FSN effectively reduced axonal swelling, abnormal myelin sheaths, and the number of organelle vacuoles in CCI-induced animals. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing and gene set enrichment analysis revealed significantly reduced inflammatory pathways, neurotransmitters, and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways and increased nerve regeneration factors in the FSN+CCI group, compared with that in the CCI group. Finally, immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed similar results in the dorsal root ganglia and sciatic nerve. Our findings suggest that FSN can effectively ameliorate peripheral neuropathic pain by regulate inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress, thereby determine its beneficial application in patients with peripheral nerve injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-En Chiu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Zhonghua Fu
- Institute of Fu's Subcutaneous Needling, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ching Tsai
- Department of Immune Medicine, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yun Tsai
- Experimental Animal Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Cell Research, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Hsu
- Experimental Animal Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Cell Research, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Chou
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Asia University Hospital, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - De-Wei Lai
- Experimental Animal Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Cell Research, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan.
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2
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Westphal JA, Bryan AE, Krutko M, Esfandiari L, Schutte SC, Harris GM. Innervation of an Ultrasound-Mediated PVDF-TrFE Scaffold for Skin-Tissue Engineering. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 9:2. [PMID: 38275450 PMCID: PMC11154284 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, electrospun polyvinylidene-trifluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE) was utilized for its biocompatibility, mechanics, and piezoelectric properties to promote Schwann cell (SC) elongation and sensory neuron (SN) extension. PVDF-TrFE electrospun scaffolds were characterized over a variety of electrospinning parameters (1, 2, and 3 h aligned and unaligned electrospun fibers) to determine ideal thickness, porosity, and tensile strength for use as an engineered skin tissue. PVDF-TrFE was electrically activated through mechanical deformation using low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) waves as a non-invasive means to trigger piezoelectric properties of the scaffold and deliver electric potential to cells. Using this therapeutic modality, neurite integration in tissue-engineered skin substitutes (TESSs) was quantified including neurite alignment, elongation, and vertical perforation into PVDF-TrFE scaffolds. Results show LIPUS stimulation promoted cell alignment on aligned scaffolds. Further, stimulation significantly increased SC elongation and SN extension separately and in coculture on aligned scaffolds but significantly decreased elongation and extension on unaligned scaffolds. This was also seen in cell perforation depth analysis into scaffolds which indicated LIPUS enhanced perforation of SCs, SNs, and cocultures on scaffolds. Taken together, this work demonstrates the immense potential for non-invasive electric stimulation of an in vitro tissue-engineered-skin model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Westphal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (J.A.W.); (M.K.); (L.E.); (S.C.S.)
| | - Andrew E. Bryan
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA;
| | - Maksym Krutko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (J.A.W.); (M.K.); (L.E.); (S.C.S.)
| | - Leyla Esfandiari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (J.A.W.); (M.K.); (L.E.); (S.C.S.)
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Stacey C. Schutte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (J.A.W.); (M.K.); (L.E.); (S.C.S.)
| | - Greg M. Harris
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (J.A.W.); (M.K.); (L.E.); (S.C.S.)
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA;
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
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3
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Bryan AE, Krutko M, Westphal J, Sheth M, Esfandiari L, Harris GM. Ultrasound-Activated Piezoelectric Polyvinylidene Fluoride-Trifluoroethylene Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications. Mil Med 2023; 188:61-66. [PMID: 37948229 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usad018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe peripheral nervous system (PNS) injuries have limited options for therapeutic solutions to regain functional recovery. This can be attributed in part to the lack of regeneration pathways promoted by recapitulating chemical, physical, and electrical cues to direct nerve guidance. To address this, we examined ultrasonic stimulation of a piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride-triflouroethylene (PVDF-TrFE) scaffold as a potentially clinically relevant therapy for PNS regeneration. Owing to the piezoelectric modality of PVDF-TrFE, we hypothesize that ultrasound stimulation will activate the scaffold to electrically stimulate cells in response to the mechanical deformation mediated by sound waves. Biocompatible PVDF-TrFE scaffolds were fabricated to be used as an ultrasound-activated, piezoelectric biomaterial to enhance cellular activity for PNS applications. NIH-3T3 fibroblasts were cultured on PVDF-TrFE nanofibers and stimulated with low-, medium-, or high-powered ultrasound. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays were performed on fibroblasts to measure the metabolic activity of the cells following stimulation. MTT assays showed that ultrasound-stimulated fibroblasts on PVDF-TrFE scaffolds had increased metabolic activity as power was increased, whereas on plain polystyrene, an opposite trend was observed where cells had a decreased metabolic activity with ascending levels of ultrasound power. Ultrasound-stimulated PVDF-TrFE nanofibers hold exciting potential as a therapy for PNS injuries by promoting increased metabolic activity and proliferation. The ability to noninvasively stimulate implantable piezoelectric nanofibers to promote mechanical and electrical stimulation for nerve repair offers a promising benefit to severe trauma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Bryan
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Maksym Krutko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Jennifer Westphal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Maulee Sheth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Leyla Esfandiari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Greg M Harris
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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4
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Chung TC, Hsu YH, Chen T, Li Y, Yang H, Yu JX, Lee IC, Lai PS, Li YCE, Chen PY. Machine Learning Integrated Workflow for Predicting Schwann Cell Viability on Conductive MXene Biointerfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:46460-46469. [PMID: 37733022 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Severe injuries to the peripheral nervous system (PNS) require Schwann cells to aid in neuronal regeneration. Low-frequency electrical stimulation is known to induce the cogrowth of neurons and Schwann cells in an injured PNS. However, the correlations between electrical stimulation and Schwann cell viability are complex and not well understood. In this work, we develop a machine learning (ML)-integrated workflow that uses conductive hydrogel biointerfaces to evaluate the impacts of fabrication parameters and electrical stimulation on the Schwann cell viability. First, a hydrogel array with varying MXene and peptide loadings is fabricated, which serves as conductive biointerfaces to incubate Schwann cells and introduce various electrical stimulation (at different voltages and frequencies). Upon specific fabrication parameters and stimulation, the cell viability is evaluated and input into an artificial neural network model to train the model. Additionally, a data augmentation method is applied to synthesize 1000-fold virtual data points, enabling the construction of a high-accuracy prediction model (with a testing mean absolute error ≤11%). By harnessing the model's predictive power, we can accurately predict Schwann cell viability based on a given set of fabrication/stimulation parameters. Finally, the SHapley Additive exPlanations model interpretation provides several data-scientific insights that are validated by microscopic cellular observations. Our hybrid approach, involving conductive biointerface fabrication, ML algorithms, and data analysis, offers an unconventional platform to construct a preclinical prediction model at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Chun Chung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hsin Hsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407102, Taiwan
| | - Tianle Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Haochen Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jin-Xiu Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407102, Taiwan
| | - I-Chi Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Shan Lai
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Ethan Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407102, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yen Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Maryland Robotics Center, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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5
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Zennifer A, Thangadurai M, Sundaramurthi D, Sethuraman S. Additive manufacturing of peripheral nerve conduits - Fabrication methods, design considerations and clinical challenges. SLAS Technol 2023; 28:102-126. [PMID: 37028493 DOI: 10.1016/j.slast.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) are a viable clinical alternative to autografts and allografts and have been widely used to treat peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs). Although these NGCs are successful to some extent, they cannot aid in native regeneration by improving native-equivalent neural innervation or regrowth. Further, NGCs exhibit longer recovery period and high cost limiting their clinical applications. Additive manufacturing (AM) could be an alternative to the existing drawbacks of the conventional NGCs fabrication methods. The emergence of the AM technique has offered ease for developing personalized three-dimensional (3D) neural constructs with intricate features and higher accuracy on a larger scale, replicating the native feature of nerve tissue. This review introduces the structural organization of peripheral nerves, the classification of PNI, and limitations in clinical and conventional nerve scaffold fabrication strategies. The principles and advantages of AM-based techniques, including the combinatorial approaches utilized for manufacturing 3D nerve conduits, are briefly summarized. This review also outlines the crucial parameters, such as the choice of printable biomaterials, 3D microstructural design/model, conductivity, permeability, degradation, mechanical property, and sterilization required to fabricate large-scale additive-manufactured NGCs successfully. Finally, the challenges and future directions toward fabricating the 3D-printed/bioprinted NGCs for clinical translation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Zennifer
- Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing (TEAM) Lab, Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, ABCDE Innovation Centre, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, India
| | - Madhumithra Thangadurai
- Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing (TEAM) Lab, Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, ABCDE Innovation Centre, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, India
| | - Dhakshinamoorthy Sundaramurthi
- Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing (TEAM) Lab, Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, ABCDE Innovation Centre, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, India
| | - Swaminathan Sethuraman
- Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing (TEAM) Lab, Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, ABCDE Innovation Centre, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, India.
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6
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Sivanarayanan TB, Bhat IA, Sharun K, Palakkara S, Singh R, Remya, Parmar MS, Bhardwaj R, Chandra V, Munuswamy P, Kinjavdekar P, Pawde AM, Amarpal, Sharma GT. Allogenic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and its conditioned media for repairing acute and sub-acute peripheral nerve injuries in a rabbit model. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102053. [PMID: 36907044 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated healing potential of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and BM-MSCs-conditioned medium (BM-MSCs-CM) for acute and subacute injuries in the rabbit peripheral nerve injury model. The regenerative capacity of MSCs was evaluated in 40 rabbits divided into eight groups, four groups each for acute and subacute injury models. BM-MSCs and BM-MSCS-CM were prepared by isolating allogenic bone marrow from the iliac crest. After inducing sciatic nerve crush injury, different treatments consisting of PBS, Laminin, BM-MSCs + laminin, and BM-MSCS-CM + laminin were used on the day of injury in the acute injury model and after ten days of crush injury in the subacute groups. The parameters studied included: pain, total neurological score, gastrocnemius muscle weight and volume ratio, histopathology of the sciatic nerve and gastrocnemius muscle, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Findings indicate that BM-MSCs and BM-MSCS-CM have augmented the regenerative capacity in acute and subacute injury groups with a slightly better improvement in the subacute groups than the animals in acute injury groups. Histopathology data revealed different levels of regenerative process undergoing in the nerve. Neurological observations, gastrocnemius muscle evaluation, muscle histopathology, and the SEM results depicted better healing in animals treated with BM-MSCs and BM-MSCS-CM. With this data, it could be concluded that BM-MSCs support the healing of injured peripheral nerves, and the BM-MSCS-CM does accelerate the healing of acute and subacute peripheral nerve injuries in rabbits. However, stem cell therapy may be indicated during the subacute phase for better results.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Sivanarayanan
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Irfan Ahmad Bhat
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sangeetha Palakkara
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rashmi Singh
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Remya
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mehtab Singh Parmar
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Bhardwaj
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vikash Chandra
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Palanivelu Munuswamy
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prakash Kinjavdekar
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A M Pawde
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amarpal
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - G Taru Sharma
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad 500032, India.
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7
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Xue W, Shi W, Kuss M, Kong Y, Alimi OA, Wang H, DiMaio DJ, Yu C, Duan B. A Dual-network Nerve Adhesive with Enhanced Adhesion Strength Promotes Transected Peripheral Nerve Repair. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2023; 33:2209971. [PMID: 36816838 PMCID: PMC9937437 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202209971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve transection has a high prevalence and results in functional loss of affected limbs. The current clinical treatment using suture anastomosis significantly limits nerve recovery due to severe inflammation, secondary damage, and fibrosis. Fibrin glue, a commercial nerve adhesive as an alternative, avoids secondary damage but suffers from poor adhesion strength. To address their limitations, a highly efficacious nerve adhesive based on dual-crosslinking of dopamine-isothiocyanate modified hyaluronic acid and decellularized nerve matrix is reported in this paper. This dual-network nerve adhesive (DNNA) shows controllable gelation behaviors feasible for surgical applications, robust adhesion strength, and promoted axonal outgrowth in vitro. The in vivo therapeutic efficacy is tested using a rat-based sciatic nerve transection model. The DNNA decreases fibrosis and accelerates axon/myelin debris clearance at 10 days post-surgery, compared to suture and commercial fibrin glue treatments. At 10 weeks post-surgery, the strong adhesion and bioactivity allow DNNA to significantly decrease intraneural inflammation and fibrosis, enhance axon connection and remyelination, aid motor and sensory function recovery, as well as improve muscle contraction, compared to suture and fibrin treatments. Overall, this dual-network hydrogel with robust adhesion provides a rapid and highly efficacious nerve transection treatment to facilitate nerve repair and neuromuscular function recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Wen Shi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Mitchell Kuss
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Yunfan Kong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Olawale A Alimi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Hanjun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Dominick J DiMaio
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Cunjiang Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Bin Duan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
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8
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Adidharma W, Khouri AN, Lee JC, Vanderboll K, Kung TA, Cederna PS, Kemp SWP. Sensory nerve regeneration and reinnervation in muscle following peripheral nerve injury. Muscle Nerve 2022; 66:384-396. [PMID: 35779064 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sensory afferent fibers are an important component of motor nerves and compose the majority of axons in many nerves traditionally thought of as "pure" motor nerves. These sensory afferent fibers innervate special sensory end organs in muscle, including muscle spindles that respond to changes in muscle length and Golgi tendons that detect muscle tension. Both play a major role in proprioception, sensorimotor extremity control feedback, and force regulation. After peripheral nerve injury, there is histological and electrophysiological evidence that sensory afferents can reinnervate muscle, including muscle that was not the nerve's original target. Reinnervation can occur after different nerve injury and muscle models, including muscle graft, crush, and transection injuries, and occurs in a nonspecific manner, allowing for cross-innervation to occur. Evidence of cross-innervation includes the following: muscle spindle and Golgi tendon afferent-receptor mismatch, vagal sensory fiber reinnervation of muscle, and cutaneous afferent reinnervation of muscle spindle or Golgi tendons. There are several notable clinical applications of sensory reinnervation and cross-reinnervation of muscle, including restoration of optimal motor control after peripheral nerve repair, flap sensation, sensory protection of denervated muscle, neuroma treatment and prevention, and facilitation of prosthetic sensorimotor control. This review focuses on sensory nerve regeneration and reinnervation in muscle, and the clinical applications of this phenomena. Understanding the physiology and limitations of sensory nerve regeneration and reinnervation in muscle may ultimately facilitate improvement of its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Widya Adidharma
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alexander N Khouri
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jennifer C Lee
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kathryn Vanderboll
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Theodore A Kung
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Paul S Cederna
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Stephen W P Kemp
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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9
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Su Q, Nasser MI, He J, Deng G, Ouyang Q, Zhuang D, Deng Y, Hu H, Liu N, Li Z, Zhu P, Li G. Engineered Schwann Cell-Based Therapies for Injury Peripheral Nerve Reconstruction. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:865266. [PMID: 35602558 PMCID: PMC9120533 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.865266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with the central nervous system, the adult peripheral nervous system possesses a remarkable regenerative capacity, which is due to the strong plasticity of Schwann cells (SCs) in peripheral nerves. After peripheral nervous injury, SCs de-differentiate and transform into repair phenotypes, and play a critical role in axonal regeneration, myelin formation, and clearance of axonal and myelin debris. In view of the limited self-repair capability of SCs for long segment defects of peripheral nerve defects, it is of great clinical value to supplement SCs in necrotic areas through gene modification or stem cell transplantation or to construct tissue-engineered nerve combined with bioactive scaffolds to repair such tissue defects. Based on the developmental lineage of SCs and the gene regulation network after peripheral nerve injury (PNI), this review summarizes the possibility of using SCs constructed by the latest gene modification technology to repair PNI. The therapeutic effects of tissue-engineered nerve constructed by materials combined with Schwann cells resembles autologous transplantation, which is the gold standard for PNI repair. Therefore, this review generalizes the research progress of biomaterials combined with Schwann cells for PNI repair. Based on the difficulty of donor sources, this review also discusses the potential of “unlimited” provision of pluripotent stem cells capable of directing differentiation or transforming existing somatic cells into induced SCs. The summary of these concepts and therapeutic strategies makes it possible for SCs to be used more effectively in the repair of PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qisong Su
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Moussa Ide Nasser
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaming He
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Gang Deng
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Ouyang
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donglin Zhuang
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhi Deng
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Haoyun Hu
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Nanbo Liu
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhetao Li
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Structural Heart Disease, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ping Zhu,
| | - Ge Li
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Structural Heart Disease, Guangzhou, China
- Ge Li,
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10
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Cho ÁB, Ferreira CHV, Towata F, Almeida GC, Sorrenti L, Kiyohara LY. Feasibility of the Oberlin Procedure in Late Presentation Cases of C5-C6 and C5-C7 Brachial Plexus Injuries in Adults. Hand (N Y) 2022; 17:214-218. [PMID: 32486925 PMCID: PMC8984725 DOI: 10.1177/1558944720918325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Oberlin et al presented a new technique for nerve transfer that completely changed the prognosis of patients with brachial plexus injury. Currently, most of the literature addresses cases submitted to early surgical intervention, before 12 months from injury, showing consistent good results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of the Oberlin procedure in late presentation cases (≥12 months), comparing the elbow flexion strength with patients operated earlier. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 49 patients with partial brachial plexus injuries submitted to the Oberlin procedure. They were divided into 2 groups. Group A included 39 patients operated with <12 months of injury. The mean postoperative follow-up was 22.53 months. The interval from injury to surgery varied from 4 to 11 months (±8.45 months). Group B included 10 patients with surgery ≥12 months after injury. The mean postoperative follow-up was 32 months. The interval from injury to surgery ranged from 12 to 19 months (±15.4 months). Patients were evaluated monthly after surgery and the elbow flexion strength was measured using the British Medical Research Council scale. Results: In Group A, 24 patients presented with either good (M3) or excellent (M4) elbow flexion strength. In Group B, 9 patients presented with either good (M3) or excellent (M4) elbow flexion strength. A significant difference was not seen in the postoperative elbow flexion strength among the 2 groups. Conclusion: Biceps reinnervation with the Oberlin procedure is still feasible and should be attempted after more than 12 months of injury in partial brachial plexus injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro B. Cho
- Hand Surgery and Microsurgery Group,
Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo Ándre, Brazil,Hand Surgery and Reconstructive
Microsurgery Group, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, University of
São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos H. V. Ferreira
- Hand Surgery and Microsurgery Group,
Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo Ándre, Brazil,Carlos H. V. Ferreira, Hand and Microsurgery
Department, Faculty of Medicine of ABC, Santo Ándre, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Towata
- Hand Surgery and Microsurgery Group,
Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo Ándre, Brazil
| | - Gabriel C. Almeida
- Hand Surgery and Microsurgery Group,
Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo Ándre, Brazil
| | - Luiz Sorrenti
- Hand Surgery and Microsurgery Group,
Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo Ándre, Brazil,Hand Surgery and Reconstructive
Microsurgery Group, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, University of
São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Y. Kiyohara
- Hand Surgery and Microsurgery Group,
Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo Ándre, Brazil,Hand Surgery and Reconstructive
Microsurgery Group, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, University of
São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Cao S, Deng Y, Zhang L, Aleahmad M. Chitosan nanoparticles, as biological macromolecule-based drug delivery systems to improve the healing potential of artificial neural guidance channels: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 201:569-579. [PMID: 35031319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The healing potential of artificial neural guidance channels (NGCs) can be improved by various approaches such as seeding them with supporting cells, the incorporation of various cues, and modification with different fabrication methods. Recently, the therapeutic appeal towards the use of drug-delivering NGCs has increased. In this framework, neuroprotective agents are incorporated into the structure of NGCs using different techniques. Among available methods, nanoparticle-based drug carriers offer numerous advantages over other formulations such as controlled drug release, targeted delivery, high encapsulation efficacy, and high surface to volume ratio. Chitosan nanoparticles have different interesting features for drug delivery applications. These nanocarriers are biocompatible, biodegradable, non-immunogenic, stable, and possess tunable properties. In the current review, applications, challenges, and future perspectives of drug-loaded chitosan nanoparticles to augment the healing potential of NGCs will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Cao
- Department of Neuroelectrophysiology, Jinan Children's Hospital, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Deng
- School of Public Health and Management, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, Shandong, China.
| | - Le Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, Shandong, China.
| | - Mehdi Aleahmad
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Li Y, Ma Z, Ren Y, Lu D, Li T, Li W, Wang J, Ma H, Zhao J. Tissue Engineering Strategies for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Front Neurol 2021; 12:768267. [PMID: 34867754 PMCID: PMC8635143 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.768267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A peripheral nerve injury (PNI) has severe and profound effects on the life of a patient. The therapeutic approach remains one of the most challenging clinical problems. In recent years, many constructive nerve regeneration schemes are proposed at home and abroad. Nerve tissue engineering plays an important role. It develops an ideal nerve substitute called artificial nerve. Given the complexity of nerve regeneration, this review summarizes the pathophysiology and tissue-engineered repairing strategies of the PNI. Moreover, we discussed the scaffolds and seed cells for neural tissue engineering. Furthermore, we have emphasized the role of 3D printing in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenjiang Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Ren
- Southwest JiaoTong University College of Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dezhi Lu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wentao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinwu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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13
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Repurposing Small Molecules to Target PPAR-γ as New Therapies for Peripheral Nerve Injuries. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091301. [PMID: 34572514 PMCID: PMC8465622 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The slow rate of neuronal regeneration that follows peripheral nerve repair results in poor recovery, particularly where reinnervation of muscles is delayed, leading to atrophy and permanent loss of function. There is a clear clinical need to develop drug treatments that can accelerate nerve regeneration safely, restoring connections before the target tissues deteriorate irreversibly. The identification that the Rho/Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) pathway acts to limit neuronal growth rate is a promising advancement towards the development of drugs. Targeting Rho or ROCK directly can act to suppress the activity of this pathway; however, the pathway can also be modulated through the activation of upstream receptors; one of particular interest being peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ). The connection between the PPAR-γ receptor and the Rho/ROCK pathway is the suppression of the conversion of inactive guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-Rho to active guanosine triphosphate GTP-Rho, resulting in the suppression of Rho/ROCK activity. PPAR-γ is known for its role in cellular metabolism that leads to cell growth and differentiation. However, more recently there has been a growing interest in targeting PPAR-γ in peripheral nerve injury (PNI). The localisation and expression of PPAR-γ in neural cells following a PNI has been reported and further in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that delivering PPAR-γ agonists following injury promotes nerve regeneration, leading to improvements in functional recovery. This review explores the potential of repurposing PPAR-γ agonists to treat PNI and their prospective translation to the clinic.
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14
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Moharrami Kasmaie F, Zamani F, Sayad-Fathi S, Zaminy A. Promotion of nerve regeneration by biodegradable nanofibrous scaffold following sciatic nerve transection in rats. Prog Biomater 2021; 10:53-64. [PMID: 33683651 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-021-00151-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) are one of the common causes of morbidity and disability worldwide. Autograft is considered the gold standard treatment for PNIs. However, due to the complications associated with autografts, other sources are considered as alternatives. Recently, electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds have received wide attention in the field of tissue engineering. Exogenous tubular constructs with uniaxially aligned topographical cues to enhance the axonal re-growth are needed to bridge large nerve gaps between proximal and distal ends. Although several studies have used PLGA/PCL, but few studies have been conducted on developing a two-layer scaffold with aligned fibers properly orientated along the axis direction of the sciatic nerve to meet the physical properties required for suturing, transplantation, and nerve regeneration. In this study, we sought to design and develop PLGA-PCL-aligned nanofibers. Following the conventional examinations, we implanted the scaffolds into 7-mm sciatic nerve gaps in a rat model of nerve injury. Our in vivo evaluations did not show any adverse effects, and after eight weeks, an acceptable improvement was noted in the electrophysiological, functional, and histological analyses. Thus, it can be concluded that nanofiber scaffolds can be used as a reliable approach for repairing PNIs. However, further research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sara Sayad-Fathi
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Arash Zaminy
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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15
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Zaminy A, Sayad-Fathi S, Kasmaie FM, Jahromi Z, Zendedel A. Decellularized peripheral nerve grafts by a modified protocol for repair of rat sciatic nerve injury. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1086-1092. [PMID: 33269754 PMCID: PMC8224104 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.300449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that acellular nerve xenografts do not require immunosuppression and use of acellular nerve xenografts for repair of peripheral nerve injury is safe and effective. However, there is currently no widely accepted standard chemical decellularization method. The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficiency of bovine-derived nerves decellularized by the modified Hudson’s protocol in the repair of rat sciatic nerve injury. In the modified Hudson’s protocol, Triton X-200 was replaced by Triton X-100, and DNase and RNase were used to prepare accelular nerve xenografts. The efficiency of bovine-derived nerves decellularized by the modified Hudson’s protocol was tested in vitro by hematoxylin & eosin, Alcian blue, Masson’s trichrome, and Luxol fast blue staining, immunohistochemistry, and biochemical assays. The decellularization approach excluded cells, myelin, and axons of nerve xenografts, without affecting the organization of nerve xenografts. The decellularized nerve xenograft was used to bridge a 7 mm-long sciatic nerve defect to evaluate its efficiency in the repair of peripheral nerve injury. At 8 weeks after transplantation, sciatic function index in rats subjected to transplantation of acellular nerve xenograft was similar to that in rats undergoing transplantation of nerve allograft. Morphological analysis revealed that there were a large amount of regenerated myelinated axons in acellular nerve xenograft; the number of Schwann cells in the acellular nerve xenograft was similar to that in the nerve allograft. These findings suggest that acellular nerve xenografts prepared by the modified Hudson’s protocol can be used for repair of peripheral nerve injury. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee, Research and Technology Chancellor of Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Iran (approval No. IR.GUMS.REC.1395.332) on February 11, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Zaminy
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sara Sayad-Fathi
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Zohreh Jahromi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Adib Zendedel
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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16
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Fertala J, Rivlin M, Wang ML, Beredjiklian PK, Steplewski A, Fertala A. Collagen-rich deposit formation in the sciatic nerve after injury and surgical repair: A study of collagen-producing cells in a rabbit model. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01802. [PMID: 32924288 PMCID: PMC7559634 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Posttraumatic scarring of peripheral nerves produces unwanted adhesions that block axonal growth. In the context of surgical nerve repair, the organization of the scar tissue adjacent to conduits used to span the gap between the stumps of transected nerves is poorly understood. The goal of this study was to elucidate the patterns of distribution of collagen-rich scar tissue and analyze the spatial organization of cells that produce fibrotic deposits around and within the conduit's lumen. METHODS Employing a rabbit model of sciatic nerve transection injury, we studied the formation of collagen-rich scar tissue both inside and outside conduits used to bridge the injury sites. Utilizing quantitative immunohistology and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy methods, we measured cellular and structural elements present in the extraneural and the intraneural scar of the proximal and distal nerve fragments. RESULTS Analysis of cells producing collagen-rich deposits revealed that alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblasts were only present in the margins of the stumps. In contrast, heat shock protein 47-positive fibroblasts actively producing collagenous proteins were abundant within the entire scar tissue. The most prominent site of transected sciatic nerves with the highest number of cells actively producing collagen-rich scar was the proximal stump. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest the proximal region of the injury site plays a prominent role in pro-fibrotic processes associated with the formation of collagen-rich deposits. Moreover, they show that the role of canonical myofibroblasts in peripheral nerve regeneration is limited to wound contracture and that a distinct population of fibroblastic cells produce the collagenous proteins that form scar tissue. As scarring after nerve injury remains a clinical problem with poor outcomes due to incomplete nerve recovery, further elucidation of the cellular and spatial aspects of neural fibrosis will lead to more targeted treatments in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Fertala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael Rivlin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark L Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pedro K Beredjiklian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrzej Steplewski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrzej Fertala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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17
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Prautsch KM, Schmidt A, Paradiso V, Schaefer DJ, Guzman R, Kalbermatten DF, Madduri S. Modulation of Human Adipose Stem Cells' Neurotrophic Capacity Using a Variety of Growth Factors for Neural Tissue Engineering Applications: Axonal Growth, Transcriptional, and Phosphoproteomic Analyses In Vitro. Cells 2020; 9:E1939. [PMID: 32839392 PMCID: PMC7565501 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on a potential strategy involving the exogenous neurotrophic factors (NTF) for enhancing the neurotrophic capacity of human adipose stem cells (ASC) in vitro. For this, ASC were stimulated for three days using NTF, i.e., nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin 3 (NT3), NT4, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). The resulting conditioned medium (CM) as well as individual NTF exhibited distinct effects on axonal outgrowth from dorsal root ganglion (DRG) explants. In particular, CM derived from NT3-stimulated ASC (CM-NT3-ASC) promoted robust axonal outgrowth. Subsequent transcriptional analysis of DRG cultures in response to CM-NT3-ASC displayed significant upregulation of STAT-3 and GAP-43. In addition, phosphoproteomic analysis of NT3-stimulated ASC revealed significant changes in the phosphorylation state of different proteins that are involved in cytokine release, growth factors signaling, stem cell maintenance, and differentiation. Furthermore, DRG cultures treated with CM-NT3-ASC exhibited significant changes in the phosphorylation levels of proteins involved in tubulin and actin cytoskeletal pathways, which are crucial for axonal growth and elongation. Thus, the results obtained at the transcriptional, proteomic, and cellular level reveal significant changes in the neurotrophic capacity of ASC following NT3 stimulation and provide new options for improving the axonal growth-promoting potential of ASC in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina M. Prautsch
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4021 Basel, Switzerland; (K.M.P.); (D.J.S.); (D.F.K.)
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4021 Basel, Switzerland;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Gewerbestrasse 14, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Schmidt
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Viola Paradiso
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4021 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Dirk J. Schaefer
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4021 Basel, Switzerland; (K.M.P.); (D.J.S.); (D.F.K.)
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4021 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Raphael Guzman
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4021 Basel, Switzerland;
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4021 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F. Kalbermatten
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4021 Basel, Switzerland; (K.M.P.); (D.J.S.); (D.F.K.)
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4021 Basel, Switzerland;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Gewerbestrasse 14, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Srinivas Madduri
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4021 Basel, Switzerland; (K.M.P.); (D.J.S.); (D.F.K.)
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4021 Basel, Switzerland;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Gewerbestrasse 14, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4021 Basel, Switzerland;
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18
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Cuomo R, Giardino FR, Nisi G, Han J, Diluiso G, Tresoldi MM, Pieretti G, Brandi C, Grimaldi L. Fat graft for reducing pain in chronic wounds. Wound Repair Regen 2020; 28:780-788. [PMID: 32706138 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic wounds are one of the most important challenge for regenerative surgery. Plastic surgeon can use fat graft to increase wound healing because its growth factors can enhance tissue regeneration. In a recent study, the authors evaluated a reduction of pain in a cohort of patients submitted to breast reconstruction with breast implant and lipofilling, putting into evidence that growth factors in fat graft can reduce post-surgical pain. The aim of this work is to evaluate ultra-filtered fat graft potential in reducing pain in chronic wounds. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty new patients with chronic wounds of different etiology were recruited for this study and divided into two groups: A, treatment and B, control. Twenty-five patients per group. Negative pressure therapy dressing was applied after surgical debridement. Three days later patients in group A received ultrafiltered fat graft. Pain was evaluated with preoperative Visual Analogic Scale, repeated twice a day for 14 days and finally 21 days from procedures. RESULTS In group A (treated patients), pain was lower. These data were confirmed even after 7 days. The overall statistical analysis of the average of all values (SD 1.72) confirmed that the differences were significant at the 95% with the Chi-square test and analysis of variance (P value < .05). CONCLUSIONS The ultra-filtered fat graft placed on the wound bed and edges was effective in reducing pain in chronic wounds. The reduction of pain was statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cuomo
- S. Maria Alle Scotte Hospital, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco R Giardino
- S. Maria Alle Scotte Hospital, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nisi
- S. Maria Alle Scotte Hospital, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Jingjian Han
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining city, China
| | - Giuseppe Diluiso
- S. Maria Alle Scotte Hospital, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Marco M Tresoldi
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Maugeri Clinic Scientific Institutes, Pavia, Italy.,Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Clinical Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gorizio Pieretti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical and Dental Specialties, University "Luigi Vanvitelli"-Plastic Surgery Unit, Naples, Italy
| | - Cesare Brandi
- S. Maria Alle Scotte Hospital, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Grimaldi
- S. Maria Alle Scotte Hospital, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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19
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Vijayavenkataraman S. Nerve guide conduits for peripheral nerve injury repair: A review on design, materials and fabrication methods. Acta Biomater 2020; 106:54-69. [PMID: 32044456 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerves can sustain injuries due to loss of structure and/or function of peripheral nerves because of accident, trauma and other causes, which leads to partial or complete loss of sensory, motor, and autonomic functions and neuropathic pain. Even with the extensive knowledge on the pathophysiology and regeneration mechanisms of peripheral nerve injuries (PNI), reliable treatment methods that ensure full functional recovery are scant. Nerve autografting is the current gold standard for treatment of PNI. Given the limitations of autografts including donor site morbidity and limited supply, alternate treatment methods are being pursued by the researchers. Neural guide conduits (NGCs) are increasingly being considered as a potential alternative to nerve autografts. The anatomy of peripheral nerves, classification of PNI, and current treatment methods are briefly yet succinctly reviewed. A detailed review on the various designs of NGCs, the different materials used for making the NGCs, and the fabrication methods adopted is presented in this work. Much progress had been made in all the aspects of making an NGC, including the design, materials and fabrication techniques. The advent of advanced technologies such as additive manufacturing and 3D bioprinting could be beneficial in easing the production of patient-specific NGCs. NGCs with supporting cells or stem cells, NGCs loaded with neurotropic factors and drugs, and 4D printed NGCs are some of the futuristic areas of interest. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Neural guide conduits (NGCs) are increasingly being considered as a potential alternative to nerve autografts in the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries. A detailed review on the various designs of NGCs, the different materials used for making the NGCs, and the fabrication methods (including Additive Manufacturing) adopted is presented in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjairaj Vijayavenkataraman
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, UAE; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, NY, USA.
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20
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Doll JR, Hoebe K, Thompson RL, Sawtell NM. Resolution of herpes simplex virus reactivation in vivo results in neuronal destruction. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008296. [PMID: 32134994 PMCID: PMC7058292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental question in herpes simplex virus (HSV) pathogenesis is the consequence of viral reactivation to the neuron. Evidence supporting both post-reactivation survival and demise is published. The exceedingly rare nature of this event at the neuronal level in the sensory ganglion has limited direct examination of this important question. In this study, an in-depth in vivo analysis of the resolution of reactivation was undertaken. Latently infected C57BL/6 mice were induced to reactivate in vivo by hyperthermic stress. Infectious virus was detected in a high percentage (60-80%) of the trigeminal ganglia from these mice at 20 hours post-reactivation stimulus, but declined by 48 hours post-stimulus (0-13%). With increasing time post-reactivation stimulus, the percentage of reactivating neurons surrounded by a cellular cuff increased, which correlated with a decrease in detectable infectious virus and number of viral protein positive neurons. Importantly, in addition to intact viral protein positive neurons, fragmented viral protein positive neurons morphologically consistent with apoptotic bodies and containing cleaved caspase-3 were detected. The frequency of this phenotype increased through time post-reactivation. These fragmented neurons were surrounded by Iba1+ cells, consistent with phagocytic removal of dead neurons. Evidence of neuronal destruction post-reactivation prompted re-examination of the previously reported non-cytolytic role of T cells in controlling reactivation. Latently infected mice were treated with anti-CD4/CD8 antibodies prior to induced reactivation. Neither infectious virus titers nor neuronal fragmentation were altered. In contrast, when viral DNA replication was blocked during reactivation, fragmentation was not observed even though viral proteins were expressed. Our data demonstrate that at least a portion of reactivating neurons are destroyed. Although no evidence for direct T cell mediated antigen recognition in this process was apparent, inhibition of viral DNA replication blocked neuronal fragmentation. These unexpected findings raise new questions about the resolution of HSV reactivation in the host nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R. Doll
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology,University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kasper Hoebe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Richard L. Thompson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology,University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nancy M. Sawtell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
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21
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Gisbert Roca F, Lozano Picazo P, Pérez-Rigueiro J, Guinea Tortuero GV, Monleón Pradas M, Martínez-Ramos C. Conduits based on the combination of hyaluronic acid and silk fibroin: Characterization, in vitro studies and in vivo biocompatibility. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 148:378-390. [PMID: 31954793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We address the production of structures intended as conduits made from natural biopolymers, capable of promoting the regeneration of axonal tracts. We combine hyaluronic acid (HA) and silk fibroin (SF) with the aim of improving mechanical and biological properties of HA. The results show that SF can be efficiently incorporated into the production process, obtaining conduits with tubular structure with a matrix of HA-SF blend. HA-SF has better mechanical properties than sole HA, which is a very soft hydrogel, facilitating manipulation. Culture of rat Schwann cells shows that cell adhesion and proliferation are higher than in pure HA, maybe due to the binding motifs contributed by the SF protein. This increased proliferation accelerates the formation of a tight cell layer, which covers the inner channel surface of the HA-SF tubes. Biocompatibility of the scaffolds was studied in immunocompetent mice. Both HA and HA-SF scaffolds were accepted by the host with no residual immune response at 8 weeks. New collagen extracellular matrix and new blood vessels were visible and they were present earlier when SF was present. The results show that incorporation of SF enhances the mechanical properties of the materials and results in promising biocompatible conduits for tubulization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Gisbert Roca
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Cno. de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Paloma Lozano Picazo
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Pérez-Rigueiro
- CIBER-BBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Spain; Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo Victor Guinea Tortuero
- CIBER-BBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Spain; Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Monleón Pradas
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Cno. de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; CIBER-BBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Spain
| | - Cristina Martínez-Ramos
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Cno. de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent-Sos Baynat s/n, Castellón 12071, Spain..
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22
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Nakanishi T, Yamamoto Y, Tanioka K, Shintani Y, Tojyo I, Fujita S. Effect of duration from lingual nerve injury to undergoing microneurosurgery on improving sensory and taste functions: retrospective study. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg 2020; 41:61. [PMID: 31921714 PMCID: PMC6934634 DOI: 10.1186/s40902-019-0244-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prognosis of recovery following microneurosurgery for injured lingual nerves varies among individual cases. This study aimed to investigate if recovery ratios of sensory and taste functions are improved by the microneurosurgery within 6 months after lingual nerve injury. Methods We retrospectively assessed 70 patients who underwent microneurosurgery at the Wakayama Medical University Hospital for lingual nerve injuries between July 2004 and December 2016. Sensory and taste functions in lingual nerves were preoperatively evaluated using a static two-point discrimination test, an intact superficial pain/tactile sensation test, and a taste discrimination test. They were evaluated again at 12 and at 24 months postoperatively. The abundance ratio of Schwann cells in the excised traumatic neuromas was analyzed with ImageJ software following immunohistochemistry with anti S-100β antibody. Results In early cases (microneurosurgery within 6 months after the injury), recovery ratios of sensory and taste functions were not significantly different at 24 months after microneurosurgery compared with later cases (microneurosurgery more than 6 months after the injury). Meanwhile, the ratio of patients with taste recovery within 12 months after microneurosurgery was significantly decreased in late cases compared with early cases. The abundance ratio of Schwann cells in traumatic neuroma was also significantly lower in later cases. Conclusion Microneurosurgery more than 6 months after lingual nerve injury did not lead to decreased recovery ratio of sensory and taste functions, but it did lead to prolonged recovery of taste. This delay may be associated with a decrease in the abundance ratio of Schwann cells in traumatic neuromas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nakanishi
- 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Wakayama, 641-8509 Japan
| | - Yuta Yamamoto
- 2Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Wakayama, 641-8509 Japan
| | - Kensuke Tanioka
- 3Clinical Study Support Center, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Wakayama, 641-8509 Japan
| | - Yukari Shintani
- 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Wakayama, 641-8509 Japan
| | - Itaru Tojyo
- 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Wakayama, 641-8509 Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Fujita
- 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Wakayama, 641-8509 Japan
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23
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Chim H, Salgado CJ, Miller NL, Wolfe EM, Rao S, Pearse DD. Analysis of Epineurial Lidocaine Injection for Nerve Transfers in a Rat Sciatic Nerve Model. J Hand Surg Am 2019; 44:1027-1036. [PMID: 31421935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nerve transfers for peripheral nerve injuries can result in variable outcomes. We investigated the neuroprotective effect of epineurial lidocaine injection in the donor nerve prior to transection, with the hypothesis that proximal axon loss would be decreased with consequent increased neuroregeneration and functional recovery. METHODS A rat sciatic nerve model was used with 4 intervention groups: (1) lidocaine; (2) lidocaine/calcium gluconate (CG); (3) CG; or (4) saline (control). Behavioral testing and qualitative and quantitative histological evaluation was performed at 8 and 12 weeks. Histological assays included transmission electron microscopy, retrograde fluorogold labeling, and whole mount immunostaining. RESULTS Functional assessments through the sciatic functional index and Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scale showed a statistically significant increase in recovery at 8 and 12 weeks with lidocaine treatment. Significantly higher axonal counts were obtained in the lidocaine-treated groups. Fragmentation and increased myelin damage was present in the CG and saline groups. Retrograde fluorogold labeling showed a statistically significant increase in the number of L4-6 dorsal root ganglion neurons in the lidocaine-treated groups. Whole mount immunostaining identified extension of the axonal growth cone past the nerve coaptation site in lidocaine-treated groups, but not in CG and saline groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that epineurial lidocaine injection prior to donor nerve transection for nerve transfer has a neuroprotective effect, resulting in increased proximal axon counts and improved functional recovery. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These findings may have direct clinical application because epineurial lidocaine can be used in surgery as a simple and inexpensive intervention for promoting improved clinical outcomes after nerve transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey Chim
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville.
| | | | - Nicole L Miller
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Miami, FL
| | - Erin M Wolfe
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Miami, FL
| | - Sudheendra Rao
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Neuroscience Program, The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Damien D Pearse
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Neuroscience Program, The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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24
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Mao S, Zhang S, Zhou S, Huang T, Feng W, Gu X, Yu B. A Schwann cell-enriched circular RNA circ-Ankib1 regulates Schwann cell proliferation following peripheral nerve injury. FASEB J 2019; 33:12409-12424. [PMID: 31415184 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900965r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Schwann cells (SCs) play an essential role in nerve injury repair. A striking feature of the cellular response to peripheral nerve injury is the proliferation of SCs. Circular (circ)RNAs are enriched in the nervous system and are involved in physiologic and pathologic processes. However, the potential role of circRNAs in SC proliferation post nerve injury remains largely unknown. Using a sciatic nerve crush model, we obtained an expression profiling of circRNAs in injured sciatic nerves in rats by RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, and we further identified a circRNA [circ-ankyrin repeat and in-between Ring finger (IBR) domain containing 1 (Ankib1)] involved in SC proliferation by the transfection of specific small interfering RNAs. Overexpression of circ-Ankib1, which was specifically and highly enriched in SCs, impaired SC proliferation and axon regeneration following sciatic nerve injury. Mechanistically, increased expression of DEx/H-box helicase 9 (DHX9) postinjury might contribute to the down-regulation of circ-Ankib1, which further suppressed cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily B, polypeptide 1 expression by sponging miR-423-5p, miR-485-5p, and miR-666-3p, leading to the induction of SC proliferation and nerve regeneration. Taken together, our results reveal a crucial role for circRNAs in regulating proliferation of SCs involved in sciatic nerve regeneration; as such, circRNAs may serve as a potential therapeutic avenue for nerve injury repair.-Mao, S., Zhang, S., Zhou, S., Huang, T., Feng, W., Gu, X., Yu, B. A Schwann cell-enriched circular RNA circ-Ankib1 regulates Schwann cell proliferation following peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susu Mao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shuoshuo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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25
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Montanino A, Deryckere A, Famaey N, Seuntjens E, Kleiven S. Mechanical characterization of squid giant axon membrane sheath and influence of the collagenous endoneurium on its properties. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8969. [PMID: 31222074 PMCID: PMC6586665 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45446-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand traumas to the nervous system, the relation between mechanical load and functional impairment needs to be explained. Cellular-level computational models are being used to capture the mechanism behind mechanically-induced injuries and possibly predict these events. However, uncertainties in the material properties used in computational models undermine the validity of their predictions. For this reason, in this study the squid giant axon was used as a model to provide a description of the axonal mechanical behavior in a large strain and high strain rate regime [Formula: see text], which is relevant for injury investigations. More importantly, squid giant axon membrane sheaths were isolated and tested under dynamic uniaxial tension and relaxation. From the lumen outward, the membrane sheath presents: an axolemma, a layer of Schwann cells followed by the basement membrane and a prominent layer of loose connective tissue consisting of fibroblasts and collagen. Our results highlight the load-bearing role of this enwrapping structure and provide a constitutive description that could in turn be used in computational models. Furthermore, tests performed on collagen-depleted membrane sheaths reveal both the substantial contribution of the endoneurium to the total sheath's response and an interesting increase in material nonlinearity when the collagen in this connective layer is digested. All in all, our results provide useful insights for modelling the axonal mechanical response and in turn will lead to a better understanding of the relationship between mechanical insult and electrophysiological outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annaclaudia Montanino
- Division of Neuronic Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Astrid Deryckere
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nele Famaey
- Biomechanics section, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eve Seuntjens
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Svein Kleiven
- Division of Neuronic Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Huddinge, Sweden
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26
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Piovesana R, Faroni A, Magnaghi V, Reid AJ, Tata AM. M2 receptors activation modulates cell growth, migration and differentiation of rat Schwann-like adipose-derived stem cells. Cell Death Discov 2019; 5:92. [PMID: 31069117 PMCID: PMC6499790 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-019-0174-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells (SCs) play a central role in peripheral nervous system physiology and in the response to axon injury. The ability of SCs to proliferate, secrete growth factors, modulate immune response, migrate and re-myelinate regenerating axons has been largely documented. However, there are several restrictions hindering their clinical application, such as the difficulty in collection and a slow in vitro expansion. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) present good properties for peripheral nerve regenerative medicine. When exposed to specific growth factors in vitro, they can acquire a SC-like phenotype (dASCs) expressing key SCs markers and assuming spindle-shaped morphology. Nevertheless, the differentiated phenotype is unstable and several strategies, including pharmacological stimulation, are being studied to improve differentiation outcomes. Cholinergic receptors are potential pharmacological targets expressed in glial cells. Our previous work demonstrated that muscarinic cholinergic receptors, in particular M2 subtype, are present in SCs and are able to modulate several physiological processes. In the present work, muscarinic receptors expression was characterised and the effects mediated by M2 muscarinic receptor were evaluated in rat dASCs. M2 receptor activation, by the preferred agonist arecaidine propargyl ester (APE), caused a reversible arrest of dASCs cell growth, supported by the downregulation of proteins involved in the maintenance of cell proliferation and upregulation of proteins involved in the differentiation (i.e., c-Jun and Egr-2), without affecting cell survival. Moreover, M2 receptor activation in dASCs enhances a pronounced spindle-shaped morphology, supported by Egr2 upregulation, and inhibits cell migration. Our data clearly demonstrate that rat dASCs express functional muscarinic receptors, in particular M2 subtype, which is able to modulate their physiological and morphological processes, as well as SCs differentiation. These novel findings could open new opportunities for the development of combined cell and pharmacological therapies for peripheral nerve regeneration, harnessing the potential of dASCs and M2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Piovesana
- 1Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, 00185 Italy.,2Blond McIndoe Laboratories, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
| | - Alessandro Faroni
- 2Blond McIndoe Laboratories, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
| | - Valerio Magnaghi
- 3Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, 20133 Italy
| | - Adam J Reid
- 2Blond McIndoe Laboratories, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT UK.,4Department of Plastic Surgery & Burns, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Ada Maria Tata
- 1Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, 00185 Italy.,5Research Center of Neurobiology "Daniel Bovet", "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, 00185 Italy
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27
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Mironova YA, Lin JP, Kalinski AL, Huffman LD, Lenk GM, Havton LA, Meisler MH, Giger RJ. Protective role of the lipid phosphatase Fig4 in the adult nervous system. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:2443-2453. [PMID: 29688489 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The signaling lipid phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate, PI(3,5)P2, functions in vesicular trafficking through the endo-lysosomal compartment. Cellular levels of PI(3,5)P2 are regulated by an enzyme complex comprised of the kinase PIKFYVE, the phosphatase FIG4, and the scaffold protein VAC14. Mutations of human FIG4 cause inherited disorders including Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4J, polymicrogyria with epilepsy, and Yunis-Varón syndrome. Constitutive Fig4-/- mice exhibit intention tremor, spongiform degeneration of neural tissue, hypomyelination, and juvenile lethality. To determine whether PI(3,5)P2 is required in the adult, we generated Fig4flox/-; CAG-creER mice and carried out tamoxifen-induced gene ablation. Global ablation in adulthood leads to wasting, tremor, and motor impairment. Death follows within 2 months of tamoxifen treatment, demonstrating a life-long requirement for Fig4. Histological examinations of the sciatic nerve revealed profound Wallerian degeneration of myelinated fibers, but not C-fiber axons in Remak bundles. In optic nerve sections, myelinated fibers appear morphologically intact and carry compound action potentials at normal velocity and amplitude. However, when iKO mice are challenged with a chemical white matter lesion, repair of damaged CNS myelin is significantly delayed, demonstrating a novel role for Fig4 in remyelination. Thus, in the adult PNS Fig4 is required to protect myelinated axons from Wallerian degeneration. In the adult CNS, Fig4 is dispensable for fiber stability and nerve conduction, but is required for the timely repair of damaged white matter. The greater vulnerability of the PNS to Fig4 deficiency in the mouse is consistent with clinical observations in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevgeniya A Mironova
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jing-Ping Lin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ashley L Kalinski
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lucas D Huffman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Guy M Lenk
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Leif A Havton
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Miriam H Meisler
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Roman J Giger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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28
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Jessen KR, Mirsky R. The Success and Failure of the Schwann Cell Response to Nerve Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:33. [PMID: 30804758 PMCID: PMC6378273 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The remarkable plasticity of Schwann cells allows them to adopt the Remak (non-myelin) and myelin phenotypes, which are specialized to meet the needs of small and large diameter axons, and differ markedly from each other. It also enables Schwann cells initially to mount a strikingly adaptive response to nerve injury and to promote regeneration by converting to a repair-promoting phenotype. These repair cells activate a sequence of supportive functions that engineer myelin clearance, prevent neuronal death, and help axon growth and guidance. Eventually, this response runs out of steam, however, because in the long run the phenotype of repair cells is unstable and their survival is compromised. The re-programming of Remak and myelin cells to repair cells, together with the injury-induced switch of peripheral neurons to a growth mode, gives peripheral nerves their strong regenerative potential. But it remains a challenge to harness this potential and devise effective treatments that maintain the initial repair capacity of peripheral nerves for the extended periods typically required for nerve repair in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristjan R Jessen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rhona Mirsky
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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29
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Kozusko SD, Kaminsky AJ, Boyd LC, Konofaos P. Sensory neurotization of muscle: past, present and future considerations. J Plast Surg Hand Surg 2018; 53:31-36. [PMID: 30380962 DOI: 10.1080/2000656x.2018.1523180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Research has shown that temporary innervation by a sensory neuron can provide trophic support to a denervated muscle and stave off muscular atrophy until motor neuron transfer is viable. This so called 'sensory protection' allows for improved outcomes when motor reinnervation able to occur. The theoretical benefit of sensory neurotization is hypothesized to maintain tissue architecture of the end organ due to tropic effects of stimulation. While the literature supports direct motor neurotization from 2 to 4 months post-injury, patient factors including the location of the injury and loss of nerve can preclude this therapeutic window. When direct neurotization is not possible, or there is a long distance to traverse for reinnervation, sensory neurotization may be beneficial. The theorized trophic stimulation enabling end organ architectural maintenance provided by sensory neurotization has been shown to allow for delayed direct motor neurotization without the irreversible sequelae of prolonged denervation. This is a review of the pathogenesis of nerve injury and a literature review of sensory neurotization. An analytical search of the literature in PubMed was performed in order to find articles pertinent to the topic of sensory neurotization, including experimental data from both animal models and case reports in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Kozusko
- a Department of Plastic Surgery , University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis , TN , USA
| | - Alexander J Kaminsky
- a Department of Plastic Surgery , University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis , TN , USA
| | - Louisa C Boyd
- b College of Medicine , University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis , TN , USA
| | - Petros Konofaos
- c Department of Plastic Surgery and Neurology , University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis , TN , USA
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Rayner MLD, Laranjeira S, Evans RE, Shipley RJ, Healy J, Phillips JB. Developing an In Vitro Model to Screen Drugs for Nerve Regeneration. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:1628-1637. [PMID: 30334365 PMCID: PMC6282521 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) have a high prevalence and can be debilitating, resulting in life‐long loss or disturbance in end‐organ function, which compromises quality of life for patients. Current therapies use microsurgical approaches but there is the potential for enhancing recovery through other therapeutic modalities such as; cell‐based conduits, gene therapy and small molecules. A number of molecular targets and drugs which have the potential to improve nerve regeneration have been identified, however, there are challenges associated with moving therapies toward clinical translation. Due to the lack of detailed knowledge about the pro‐regenerative effect of potential drug treatments, there is a need for effective in vitro models to screen compounds to inform future pre‐clinical and clinical studies. The interaction between regenerating neurites and supporting Schwann cells is a key feature of the nerve environment, therefore, in vitro models that mimic this cellular association are useful tools. In this study, we have investigated various cell culture models, including simple monolayer systems and more complex 3D‐engineered co‐cultures, as models for use in PNI drug development. Anat Rec, 301:1628–1637, 2018. © 2018 The Authors. The Anatomical Record published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L D Rayner
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, WC1X 8LD, London, UK.,Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square WC1N 1AX, London, UK.,UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
| | - Simão Laranjeira
- UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK.,UCL Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, WC1E 7JEK, London, UK
| | - Rachael E Evans
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, WC1X 8LD, London, UK.,Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square WC1N 1AX, London, UK.,UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
| | - Rebecca J Shipley
- UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK.,UCL Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, WC1E 7JEK, London, UK
| | - Jess Healy
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square WC1N 1AX, London, UK.,UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
| | - James B Phillips
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, WC1X 8LD, London, UK.,Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square WC1N 1AX, London, UK.,UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
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31
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de Moraes AA, de Almeida CAS, Lucas G, Thomazini JA, DeMaman AS. Effect of swimming training on nerve morphological recovery after compressive injury. Neurol Res 2018; 40:955-962. [PMID: 30091393 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2018.1504180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate morphological alterations caused by partial sciatic nerve ligation (PNL) and the efficacy of a moderate-intensity swimming training as therapeutic strategy for nerve regeneration. METHODS A number of 30 male adult mice were equally divided in control, 14 days after PNL (PNL 14 days), 42 days after PNL (PNL 42 days), 70 days after PNL (PNL 70 days) and 5-week exercise training after 7 days post-lesion (PNL trained 35 days) groups. PNL trained 35 days group began with a 10-min session for 3 days and this time was gradually increased by 10 min every three sessions until the animals had swum for 50 min per session. Morphoquantitative analysis was carried out to assess nerve regeneration in each group. RESULTS PNL 14 days group exhibited less degenerating signs than PNL 42 days group, where most post-lesion alterations were visualized. Nerve area and minimum diameter were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than control group. PNL 70 days group showed a greater degree of regenerating fibers and similar morphometric parameters to control group. PNL trained 35 days demonstrated signs of regeneration, reaching control group values in the morphometric analysis. DISCUSSION PNL promotes great histopathological changes, which became more visible at 42 post-injury days. A natural nerve-regeneration tendency was observed throughout time, as observed in PNL 70 days group; nevertheless, moderate swimming training was found to be a therapeutic resource for nerve regeneration, accelerating such process from a morphoquantitative perspective. ABBREVIATIONS ANOVA: One-way analysis of variance; BDNF: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; FGF-2: Fibroblast growth factor 2; GDNF: Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor; IGF: Insulin-link growth factor; IL-1β: Interleukin-1β; NGF: Neural growth factor; PBS: Phosphate-buffered saline; PNL: Partial sciatic nerve ligation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Alves de Moraes
- a Department of Physiotherapy, Center of Biological and Health Sciences , Paraíba State University , Campina Grande , Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Lucas
- c Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - José Antonio Thomazini
- d Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Aline Santos DeMaman
- e Department of Biology, Center of Biological and Health Sciences , Paraíba State University , Campina Grande , Brazil
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Geuna S, Muratori L, Fregnan F, Manfredi M, Bertolo R, Porpiglia F. Strategies to improve nerve regeneration after radical prostatectomy: a narrative review. MINERVA UROL NEFROL 2018; 70:546-558. [PMID: 30037210 DOI: 10.23736/s0393-2249.18.03157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerves are complex organs that spread throughout the entire human body. They are frequently affected by lesions not only as a result of trauma but also following radical tumor resection. In fact, despite the advancement in surgical techniques, such as nerve-sparing robot assisted radical prostatectomy, some degree of nerve injury may occur resulting in erectile dysfunction with significant impairment of the quality of life. The aim of this review was to provide an overview on the mechanisms of the regeneration of injured peripheral nerves and to describe the potential strategies to improve the regeneration process and the functional recovery. Yet, the recent advances in bio-engineering strategies to promote nerve regeneration in the urological field are outlined with a view on the possible future regenerative therapies which might ameliorate the functional outcome after radical prostatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Geuna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy - .,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Turin, Italy -
| | - Luisa Muratori
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Fregnan
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Manfredi
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Riccardo Bertolo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.,Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Zhang R, Rosen JM. The role of undifferentiated adipose-derived stem cells in peripheral nerve repair. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:757-763. [PMID: 29862994 PMCID: PMC5998619 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.232457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries impose significant health and economic consequences, yet no surgical repair can deliver a complete recovery of sensory or motor function. Traditional methods of repair are less than ideal: direct coaptation can only be performed when tension-free repair is possible, and transplantation of nerve autograft can cause donor-site morbidity and neuroma formation. Cell-based therapy delivered via nerve conduits has thus been explored as an alternative method of nerve repair in recent years. Stem cells are promising sources of the regenerative core material in a nerve conduit because stem cells are multipotent in function, abundant in supply, and more accessible than the myelinating Schwann cells. Among different types of stem cells, undifferentiated adipose-derived stem cell (uASC), which can be processed from adipose tissue in less than two hours, is a promising yet underexplored cell type. Studies of uASC have emerged in the past decade and have shown that autologous uASCs are non-immunogenic, easy to access, abundant in supply, and efficacious at promoting nerve regeneration. Two theories have been proposed as the primary regenerative mechanisms of uASC: in situ trans-differentiation towards Schwann cells, and secretion of trophic and anti-inflammatory factors. Future studies need to fully elucidate the mechanisms, side effects, and efficacy of uASC-based nerve regeneration so that uASCs can be utilized in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Joseph M. Rosen
- Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
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Alvites R, Rita Caseiro A, Santos Pedrosa S, Vieira Branquinho M, Ronchi G, Geuna S, Varejão AS, Colette Maurício A. Peripheral nerve injury and axonotmesis: State of the art and recent advances. COGENT MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2018.1466404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Alvites
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Caseiro
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e Materiais, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto (REQUIMTE/LAQV), R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Santos Pedrosa
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Vieira Branquinho
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Giulia Ronchi
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Stefano Geuna
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Artur S.P. Varejão
- CECAV, Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, and Cavalieri Ottolenghi Neuroscience Institute, University of Turin, Ospedale San Luigi, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Ana Colette Maurício
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Weng J, Wang YH, Li M, Zhang DY, Jiang BG. GSK3β inhibitor promotes myelination and mitigates muscle atrophy after peripheral nerve injury. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:324-330. [PMID: 29557384 PMCID: PMC5879906 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.226403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Delay of axon regeneration after peripheral nerve injury usually leads to progressive muscle atrophy and poor functional recovery. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is considered to be one of the main molecular mechanisms that lead to skeletal muscle atrophy in the elderly. We hold the hypothesis that the innervation of target muscle can be promoted by accelerating axon regeneration and decelerating muscle cell degeneration so as to improve functional recovery of skeletal muscle following peripheral nerve injury. This process may be associated with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Our study designed in vitro cell models to simulate myelin regeneration and muscle atrophy. We investigated the effects of SB216763, a glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta inhibitor, on the two major murine cell lines RSC96 and C2C12 derived from Schwann cells and muscle satellite cells. The results showed that SB216763 stimulated the Schwann cell migration and myotube contraction. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction results demonstrated that myelin related genes, myelin associated glycoprotein and cyclin-D1, muscle related gene myogenin and endplate-associated gene nicotinic acetylcholine receptors levels were stimulated by SB216763. Immunocytochemical staining revealed that the expressions of β-catenin in the RSC96 and C2C12 cytosolic and nuclear compartments were increased in the SB216763-treated cells. These findings confirm that the glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta inhibitor, SB216763, promoted the myelination and myotube differentiation through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and contributed to nerve remyelination and reduced denervated muscle atrophy after peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Weng
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-hua Wang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dian-ying Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bao-guo Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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36
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Rivlin M, Miller A, Tulipan J, Beredjiklian PK, Wang ML, Fertala J, Steplewski A, Kostas J, Fertala A. Patterns of production of collagen-rich deposits in peripheral nerves in response to injury: A pilot study in a rabbit model. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00659. [PMID: 28729925 PMCID: PMC5516593 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although collagen-rich deposits are the main component of neural scars, the patterns of their formation are ill defined. Essential to the biosynthesis of collagen fibrils are enzymes catalyzing posttranslational modifications and chaperones that control the formation of the collagen triple helix. Prolyl-4-hydroxylase (P4H) and heat shock protein-47 (HSP47) play a key role, and their production is upregulated during scar formation in human tissues. Alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA) is also produced during fibrotic processes in myofibroblasts that participate in fibrotic response. In injured peripheral nerves, however, the distribution of cells that produce these markers is poorly understood. METHODS The goal of this study was to determine the distribution of the αSMA-positive, HSP47-positive, and the P4H-positive cells to better understand the formation of collagen-rich fibrotic tissue (FT) in response to peripheral nerve injury. To reach this goal, we employed a rabbit model of crush-injury and partial-transection injury of the sciatic nerves. RESULTS Our study demonstrated that αSMA is expressed in a relatively small number of cells seen in neural FT. In contrast, cells producing P4H and HSP47 are ubiquitously present in sites of injury of the sciatic nerves. CONCLUSION We contemplate that these proteins may serve as valuable markers that define fibrotic activities in the injured peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rivlin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Sidney Kimmel Medical College Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia PA USA.,Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Andrew Miller
- Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Jacob Tulipan
- Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Pedro K Beredjiklian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Sidney Kimmel Medical College Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia PA USA.,Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Mark L Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Sidney Kimmel Medical College Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia PA USA.,Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Jolanta Fertala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Sidney Kimmel Medical College Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Andrzej Steplewski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Sidney Kimmel Medical College Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia PA USA
| | - James Kostas
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Sidney Kimmel Medical College Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Andrzej Fertala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Sidney Kimmel Medical College Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia PA USA
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37
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Bremer J, Skinner J, Granato M. A small molecule screen identifies in vivo modulators of peripheral nerve regeneration in zebrafish. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178854. [PMID: 28575069 PMCID: PMC5456414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult vertebrates have retained the ability to regenerate peripheral nerves after injury, although regeneration is frequently incomplete, often leading to functional impairments. Small molecule screens using whole organisms have high potential to identify biologically relevant targets, yet currently available assays for in vivo peripheral nerve regeneration are either very laborious and/or require complex technology. Here we take advantage of the optical transparency of larval zebrafish to develop a simple and fast pectoral fin removal assay that measures peripheral nerve regeneration in vivo. Twenty-four hours after fin amputation we observe robust and stereotyped nerve regrowth at the fin base. Similar to laser mediated nerve transection, nerve regrowth after fin amputation requires Schwann cells and FGF signaling, confirming that the fin amputation assay identifies pathways relevant for peripheral nerve regeneration. From a library of small molecules with known targets, we identified 21 compounds that impair peripheral nerve regeneration. Several of these compounds target known regulators of nerve regeneration, further validating the fin removal assay. Twelve of the identified compounds affect targets not previously known to control peripheral nerve regeneration. Using a laser-mediated nerve transection assay we tested ten of those compounds and confirmed six of these compounds to impair peripheral nerve regeneration: an EGFR inhibitor, a glucocorticoid, prostaglandin D2, a retinoic acid agonist, an inhibitor of calcium channels and a topoisomerase I inhibitor. Thus, we established a technically simple assay to rapidly identify valuable entry points into pathways critical for vertebrate peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Bremer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Julianne Skinner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael Granato
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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38
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Boriani F, Fazio N, Fotia C, Savarino L, Nicoli Aldini N, Martini L, Zini N, Bernardini M, Baldini N. A novel technique for decellularization of allogenic nerves and in vivo
study of their use for peripheral nerve reconstruction. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:2228-2240. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Boriani
- Laboratory for Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine; Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute; Bologna Italy
| | - N. Fazio
- Prometeo Laboratory; Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute; Bologna Italy
| | - C. Fotia
- Laboratory for Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine; Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute; Bologna Italy
| | - L. Savarino
- Laboratory for Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine; Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute; Bologna Italy
| | - N. Nicoli Aldini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies; Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute; Bologna Italy
| | - L. Martini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies; Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute; Bologna Italy
| | - N. Zini
- CNR, National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics; Bologna Italy
- Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology; Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute; Bologna Italy
| | - M. Bernardini
- Department of Animal Medicine; Production and Health, Padova University; Padua Italy
| | - N. Baldini
- Laboratory for Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine; Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute; Bologna Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
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Imperadore P, Shah SB, Makarenkova HP, Fiorito G. Nerve degeneration and regeneration in the cephalopod mollusc Octopus vulgaris: the case of the pallial nerve. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46564. [PMID: 28425503 PMCID: PMC5397853 DOI: 10.1038/srep46564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration is a process that restores structure and function of tissues damaged by injury or disease. In mammals complete regeneration is often unsuccessful, while most of the low phyla animals can re-grow many parts of their body after amputation. Cephalopod molluscs, and in particular Octopus vulgaris, are well known for their capacity to regenerate their arms and other body parts, including central and peripheral nervous system. To better understand the mechanism of recovery following nerve injury in this species we investigated the process of axon regrowth and nerve regeneration after complete transection of the Octopus pallial nerves. This injury induces scar formation and activates the proliferation of hemocytes which invade the lesion site. Hemocytes appear involved in debris removal and seem to produce factors that foster axon re-growth. Connective tissue is involved in driving regenerating fibers in a single direction, outlining for them a well-defined pathway. Injured axons are able to quickly re-grow thus to restoring structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Imperadore
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy.,Association for Cephalopod Research - CephRes, 80133 Napoli, Italy
| | - Sameer B Shah
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Helen P Makarenkova
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Graziano Fiorito
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy
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40
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Ousman SS, Frederick A, Lim EMF. Chaperone Proteins in the Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System after Nerve Injury. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:79. [PMID: 28270745 PMCID: PMC5318438 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Injury to axons of the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is accompanied by the upregulation and downregulation of numerous molecules that are involved in mediating nerve repair, or in augmentation of the original damage. Promoting the functions of beneficial factors while reducing the properties of injurious agents determines whether regeneration and functional recovery ensues. A number of chaperone proteins display reduced or increased expression following CNS and PNS damage (crush, transection, contusion) where their roles have generally been found to be protective. For example, chaperones are involved in mediating survival of damaged neurons, promoting axon regeneration and remyelination and, improving behavioral outcomes. We review here the various chaperone proteins that are involved after nervous system axonal damage, the functions that they impact in the CNS and PNS, and the possible mechanisms by which they act.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalina S Ousman
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Cell Biology & Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ariana Frederick
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Cell Biology & Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Erin-Mai F Lim
- Department of Neuroscience, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada
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41
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Santos D, Wieringa P, Moroni L, Navarro X, Valle JD. PEOT/PBT Guides Enhance Nerve Regeneration in Long Gap Defects. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 27973708 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Development of new nerve guides is required for replacing autologous nerve grafts for the repair of long gap defects after nerve injury. A nerve guide comprised only of electrospun fibers able to bridge a critical (15 mm) nerve gap in a rat animal model is reported for the first time. The nerve conduits are made of poly(ethylene oxide terephthalate) and poly(butylene terephthalate) (PEOT/PBT), a biocompatible copolymer composed of alternating amorphous, hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide terephthalate), and crystalline, hydrophobic poly(butylene terephthalate) segments. These guides show suitable mechanical properties, high porosity, and fibers aligned in the longitudinal axis of the guide. In vitro studies show that both neurites and Schwann cells exhibit growth alignment with PA fibers. In vivo studies reveal that, after rat sciatic nerve transection and repair with PEOT/PBT guides, axons grow occupying a larger area compared to silicone tubes. Moreover, after repair of limiting (10 mm) and critical (15 mm) nerve gaps, PEOT/PBT guides significantly increase the percentage of regenerated nerves, the number of regenerated myelinated axons, and improve motor, sensory, and autonomic reinnervation in both gaps. This nerve conduit design combines the properties of PEOT/PBT with electrospun structure, demonstrating that nerve regeneration through long gaps can be achieved through the design of instructive biomaterial constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Santos
- Institute of Neurosciences; Department of Cell Biology; Physiology and Immunology; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and CIBERNED; 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Paul Wieringa
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration; MERLN Institute; Maastricht University; 6229 ER Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration; MERLN Institute; Maastricht University; 6229 ER Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Xavier Navarro
- Institute of Neurosciences; Department of Cell Biology; Physiology and Immunology; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and CIBERNED; 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Jaume Del Valle
- Institute of Neurosciences; Department of Cell Biology; Physiology and Immunology; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and CIBERNED; 08193 Bellaterra Spain
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AlphaB-crystallin regulates remyelination after peripheral nerve injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E1707-E1716. [PMID: 28137843 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1612136114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AlphaB-crystallin (αBC) is a small heat shock protein that is constitutively expressed by peripheral nervous system (PNS) axons and Schwann cells. To determine what role this crystallin plays after peripheral nerve damage, we found that loss of αBC impaired remyelination, which correlated with a reduced presence of myelinating Schwann cells and increased numbers of nonmyelinating Schwann cells. The heat shock protein also seems to regulate the cross-talk between Schwann cells and axons, because expected changes in neuregulin levels and ErbB2 receptor expression after PNS injury were disrupted in the absence of αBC. Such dysregulations led to defects in conduction velocity and motor and sensory functions that could be rescued with therapeutic application of the heat shock protein in vivo. Altogether, these findings show that αBC plays an important role in regulating Wallerian degeneration and remyelination after PNS injury.
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Sánchez M, Garate A, Delgado D, Padilla S. Platelet-rich plasma, an adjuvant biological therapy to assist peripheral nerve repair. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:47-52. [PMID: 28250739 PMCID: PMC5319232 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.198973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapies such as direct tension-free microsurgical repair or transplantation of a nerve autograft, are nowadays used to treat traumatic peripheral nerve injuries (PNI), focused on the enhancement of the intrinsic regenerative potential of injured axons. However, these therapies fail to recreate the suitable cellular and molecular microenvironment of peripheral nerve repair and in some cases, the functional recovery of nerve injuries is incomplete. Thus, new biomedical engineering strategies based on tissue engineering approaches through molecular intervention and scaffolding offer promising outcomes on the field. In this sense, evidence is accumulating in both, preclinical and clinical settings, indicating that platelet-rich plasma products, and fibrin scaffold obtained from this technology, hold an important therapeutic potential as a neuroprotective, neurogenic and neuroinflammatory therapeutic modulator system, as well as enhancing the sensory and motor functional nerve muscle unit recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Sánchez
- Arthroscopic Surgery Unit, Hospital Vithas San José, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ane Garate
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Diego Delgado
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Ronchi G, Raimondo S. Chronically denervated distal nerve stump inhibits peripheral nerve regeneration. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:739-740. [PMID: 28616024 PMCID: PMC5461605 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.206638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ronchi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano (To), Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano (To), Italy
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano (To), Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano (To), Italy
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Preferential Enhancement of Sensory and Motor Axon Regeneration by Combining Extracellular Matrix Components with Neurotrophic Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 18:ijms18010065. [PMID: 28036084 PMCID: PMC5297700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
After peripheral nerve injury, motor and sensory axons are able to regenerate but inaccuracy of target reinnervation leads to poor functional recovery. Extracellular matrix (ECM) components and neurotrophic factors (NTFs) exert their effect on different neuronal populations creating a suitable environment to promote axonal growth. Here, we assessed in vitro and in vivo the selective effects of combining different ECM components with NTFs on motor and sensory axons regeneration and target reinnervation. Organotypic cultures with collagen, laminin and nerve growth factor (NGF)/neurotrophin-3 (NT3) or collagen, fibronectin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) selectively enhanced sensory neurite outgrowth of DRG neurons and motor neurite outgrowth from spinal cord slices respectively. For in vivo studies, the rat sciatic nerve was transected and repaired with a silicone tube filled with a collagen and laminin matrix with NGF/NT3 encapsulated in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres (MP) (LM + MP.NGF/NT3), or a collagen and fibronectin matrix with BDNF in PLGA MPs (FN + MP.BDNF). Retrograde labeling and functional tests showed that LM + MP.NGF/NT3 increased the number of regenerated sensory neurons and improved sensory functional recovery, whereas FN + MP.BDNF preferentially increased regenerated motoneurons and enhanced motor functional recovery. Therefore, combination of ECM molecules with NTFs may be a good approach to selectively enhance motor and sensory axons regeneration and promote appropriate target reinnervation.
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Sánchez M, Anitua E, Delgado D, Sanchez P, Prado R, Orive G, Padilla S. Platelet-rich plasma, a source of autologous growth factors and biomimetic scaffold for peripheral nerve regeneration. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2016; 17:197-212. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1259409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Sánchez
- Arthroscopic Surgery Unit, Hospital Vithas San José, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Eduardo Anitua
- BTI Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain
- Eduardo Anitua Foundation, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Diego Delgado
- Arthroscopic Surgery Unit Research, Hospital Vithas San José, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Peio Sanchez
- Arthroscopic Surgery Unit Research, Hospital Vithas San José, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | | | - Gorka Orive
- BTI Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain
- Eduardo Anitua Foundation, Vitoria, Spain
- Lab of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of The Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sabino Padilla
- BTI Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain
- Eduardo Anitua Foundation, Vitoria, Spain
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Wang Y, Zhang W, Zhu X, Wang Y, Mao X, Xu X, Wang Y. Upregulation of AEG-1 Involves in Schwann Cell Proliferation and Migration After Sciatic Nerve Crush. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 60:248-57. [PMID: 27351433 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0782-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Astrocyte-elevated gene-1 (AEG-1), also known as metadherin (MTDH) and lysine-rich CEACAM1 coisolated (LYRIC), has emerged as an important oncogene that regulates key cellular processes including apoptosis, migration, invasion, proliferation, and differentiation. It was reported that AEG-1 enhanced breast cancer cells migration in a NF-κB-dependent manner. Also, AEG-1 contributed cell proliferation through the PI3K-Akt/cyclin pathway. Besides, AEG-1 is implicated in diverse physiological and pathological diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), such as brain tumors, neuroblastomas, neurodegeneration, and neuronal development. However, the role of AEG-1 in the process of peripheral nervous regeneration after injury remains virtually unknown. In this study, we investigated the spatiotemporal expression of AEG-1 in a rat sciatic nerve crush model. At its peak expression, AEG-1 was expressed mainly in Schwann cells of the distal sciatic nerve segment from injury, but had few colocalizations in axons. Besides, the peak expression of AEG-1 was in parallel with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). In vitro, we detected the increased expression of AEG-1 during the process of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)-induced Schwann cell proliferation. Meanwhile, interference of AEG-1 inhibited both proliferation and migration of Schwann cells. In conclusion, we speculated that AEG-1 is involved in biochemical and physiological responses after sciatic nerve crush (SNC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhua Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- Undergraduate Student of Medical School of Nantong University, Class 125, 19 Qi-Xiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Undergraduate Student of Medical Imaging Department of Medical School of Nantong University, Class 151, 19 Qi-Xiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xingxing Mao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinbao Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youhua Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
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Oprych KM, Whitby RLD, Mikhalovsky SV, Tomlins P, Adu J. Repairing Peripheral Nerves: Is there a Role for Carbon Nanotubes? Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:1253-71. [PMID: 27027923 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury continues to be a major global health problem that can result in debilitating neurological deficits and neuropathic pain. Current state-of-the-art treatment involves reforming the damaged nerve pathway using a nerve autograft. Engineered nerve repair conduits can provide an alternative to the nerve autograft avoiding the inevitable tissue damage caused at the graft donor site. Commercially available nerve repair conduits are currently only considered suitable for repairing small nerve lesions; the design and performance of engineered conduits requires significant improvements to enable their use for repairing larger nerve defects. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are an emerging novel material for biomedical applications currently being developed for a range of therapeutic technologies including scaffolds for engineering and interfacing with neurological tissues. CNTs possess a unique set of physicochemical properties that could be useful within nerve repair conduits. This progress report aims to evaluate and consolidate the current literature pertinent to CNTs as a biomaterial for supporting peripheral nerve regeneration. The report is presented in the context of the state-of-the-art in nerve repair conduit design; outlining how CNTs may enhance the performance of next generation peripheral nerve repair conduits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M. Oprych
- Department of Brain, Repair and Rehabilitation; Institute of Neurology; University College London; Queen Square London WC1N 3BG UK
| | | | - Sergey V. Mikhalovsky
- School of Engineering; Nazarbayev University; Astana 010000 Kazakhstan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences; University of Brighton; Brighton BN2 4GJ UK
| | | | - Jimi Adu
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science; University of Brighton; Brighton BN2 4GJ UK
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McGonigal R, Cunningham ME, Yao D, Barrie JA, Sankaranarayanan S, Fewou SN, Furukawa K, Yednock TA, Willison HJ. C1q-targeted inhibition of the classical complement pathway prevents injury in a novel mouse model of acute motor axonal neuropathy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2016; 4:23. [PMID: 26936605 PMCID: PMC4776408 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-016-0291-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disease that results in acute paralysis through inflammatory attack on peripheral nerves, and currently has limited, non-specific treatment options. The pathogenesis of the acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) variant is mediated by complement-fixing anti-ganglioside antibodies that directly bind and injure the axon at sites of vulnerability such as nodes of Ranvier and nerve terminals. Consequently, the complement cascade is an attractive target to reduce disease severity. Recently, C5 complement component inhibitors that block the formation of the membrane attack complex and subsequent downstream injury have been shown to be efficacious in an in vivo anti-GQ1b antibody-mediated mouse model of the GBS variant Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS). However, since gangliosides are widely expressed in neurons and glial cells, injury in this model was not targeted exclusively to the axon and there are currently no pure mouse models for AMAN. Additionally, C5 inhibition does not prevent the production of early complement fragments such as C3a and C3b that can be deleterious via their known role in immune cell and macrophage recruitment to sites of neuronal damage. Results and Conclusions In this study, we first developed a new in vivo transgenic mouse model of AMAN using mice that express complex gangliosides exclusively in neurons, thereby enabling specific targeting of axons with anti-ganglioside antibodies. Secondly, we have evaluated the efficacy of a novel anti-C1q antibody (M1) that blocks initiation of the classical complement cascade, in both the newly developed anti-GM1 antibody-mediated AMAN model and our established MFS model in vivo. Anti-C1q monoclonal antibody treatment attenuated complement cascade activation and deposition, reduced immune cell recruitment and axonal injury, in both mouse models of GBS, along with improvement in respiratory function. These results demonstrate that neutralising C1q function attenuates injury with a consequent neuroprotective effect in acute GBS models and promises to be a useful new target for human therapy.
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Miller RE, Tran PB, Ishihara S, Larkin J, Malfait AM. Therapeutic effects of an anti-ADAMTS-5 antibody on joint damage and mechanical allodynia in a murine model of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:299-306. [PMID: 26410555 PMCID: PMC4743933 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary goal of this study was to test the disease-modifying effect of blocking a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5 with a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) starting 4 weeks after destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) in the mouse. We also investigated whether ADAMTS-5 blockade reversed mechanical allodynia and decreased monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 production by dorsal root ganglia (DRG) cells. METHODS Ten-week old male C57BL/6 mice underwent DMM surgery and were either left untreated or treated with anti-ADAMTS-5 mAb or IgG2c isotype control mAb starting 4 weeks after surgery. Knees were collected for histopathology 4 or 12 weeks later. Mechanical allodynia was monitored biweekly in the ipsilateral hind paw through 16 weeks. DRG were collected and cultured 8 weeks after DMM for analysis of MCP-1 production. RESULTS By 4 weeks after DMM, mild cartilage degeneration was evident in the medial compartment, small osteophytes were present, and subchondral bone sclerosis was established. By 16 weeks after surgery, significant cartilage deterioration was apparent on the medial tibial plateaux and medial femoral condyles, osteophyte size had increased, and subchondral bone sclerosis was maintained. Treatment with ADAMTS-5 mAb from week 4 to 16 after surgery slowed cartilage degeneration and osteophyte growth but did not affect subchondral bone sclerosis. Moreover, ADAMTS-5 blockade resulted in temporary reversal of mechanical allodynia, which correlated with decreased MCP-1 production by cultured DRG cells. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests therapeutic efficacy of an ADAMTS-5 mAb in the DMM model, when therapy starts early in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612,Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Phuong B. Tran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Shingo Ishihara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Jonathan Larkin
- Experimental Medicine Unit – Immunoinflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline; Upper Merion, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Malfait
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612,Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612
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