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Wolfe PN, Stoker AM, Leary E, Crist BD, Bozynski CC, Cook JL. Evaluation of Serum and Urine Biomarker Panels for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip Prior to Onset of Secondary Osteoarthritis. Cartilage 2024; 15:164-174. [PMID: 37051936 PMCID: PMC11368892 DOI: 10.1177/19476035231163032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate serum and urine biomarker panels for their capabilities in discriminating between individuals (13- to 34-years-olds) with healthy hips versus those with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) prior to diagnosis of secondary hip osteoarthritis (OA). DESIGN Urine and serum were collected from individuals (15-33 years old) with DDH, prior to and following diagnosis of hip OA, and from age-matched healthy-hip controls. Samples were analyzed for panels of protein biomarkers with potential for differentiation of hip status using receiver operator characteristic curve (area under curve [AUC]) assessments. RESULTS Multiple urine and serum biomarker panels effectively differentiated individuals with DDH from healthy-hip controls in a population at risk for developing secondary hip OA with the best performing panel demonstrating an AUC of 0.959. The panel comprised of two serum and two urinary biomarkers provided the highest combined values for sensitivity, 0.85, and specificity, 1.00, while a panel of four serum biomarkers provided the highest sensitivity, 0.93, while maintaining adequate specificity, 0.71. CONCLUSION Results of this study indicate that panels of protein biomarkers measured in urine and serum may be able to differentiate young adults with DDH from young adults with healthy hips. These data suggest the potential for clinical application of a routine diagnostic method for cost-effective and timely screening for DDH in at-risk populations. Further development and validation of these biomarker panels may result in highly sensitive and specific tools for early diagnosis, staging, and prognostication of DDH, as well as treatment decision making and monitoring capabilities. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preston N. Wolfe
- Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Aaron M. Stoker
- Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Emily Leary
- Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Brett D. Crist
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Chantelle C. Bozynski
- Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - James L. Cook
- Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Yang Y, Xiao Y. Biomaterials Regulating Bone Hematoma for Osteogenesis. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000726. [PMID: 32691989 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Blood coagulation in tissue healing not only prevents blood loss, but also forms a natural scaffold for tissue repair and regeneration. As blood clot formation is the initial and foremost phase upon bone injury, and the quality of blood clot (hematoma) orchestrates the following inflammatory and cellular processes as well as the subsequent callus formation and bone remodeling process. Inspired by the natural healing hematoma, tissue-engineered biomimic scaffold/hydrogels and blood prefabrication strategies attract significant interests in developing functional bone substitutes. The alteration of the fracture hematoma ca significantly accelerate or impair the overall bone healing process. This review summarizes the impact of biomaterials on blood coagulation and provides evidence on fibrin network structure, growth factors, and biomolecules that contribute to bone healing within the hematoma. The aim is to provide insights into the development of novel implant and bone biomaterials for enhanced osteogenesis. Advances in the understanding of biomaterial characteristics (e.g., morphology, chemistry, wettability, and protein adsorption) and their effect on hematoma properties are highlighted. Emphasizing the importance of the initial healing phase of the hematoma endows the design of advanced biomaterials with the desired regulatory properties for optimal coagulation and hematoma properties, thereby facilitating enhanced osteogenesis and ideal therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Yin Xiao
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
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Çevik HB, Eceviz E, Çilingir Kaya ÖT, Ercan F, Çeçen GS. The effect of topical and systemic tranexamic acid on fracture healing in rats. ACTA ORTHOPAEDICA ET TRAUMATOLOGICA TURCICA 2020; 54:207-212. [PMID: 32254038 DOI: 10.5152/j.aott.2020.02.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of topical and systemic tranexamic acid (TXA) on fracture healing in a rat surgical model. METHODS We created standard, right-sided, open, diaphyseal femoral fractures with intramedullary Kirschner wire fixation in 48 male rats and divided them into three groups: a topical TXA (10 mg/kg) group, a systemic TXA (10 mg/kg) group, and a control group. Fracture healing was evaluated radiographically and histologically after early (week 2) and late (week 4) postoperative sacrifice. RESULTS The radiological scores differed significantly among the all groups (p=0.001), as did the week 2 and 4 scores (p=0.003 and p=0.010, respectively). Radiologically, the topical TXA group exhibited better bone healing at both 2 (p=0.001) and 4 (p=0.007) weeks than the control group, and the systemic group showed better healing at both 2 (p=0.027) and 4 (p=0.023) weeks than the control TXA group. Moreover, bone healing was better in the group treated with topical rather than systemic TXA on radiological examinations performed at 2 (p=0.001) and 4 (p=0.007) weeks postoperatively (p=0.001 and p=0.007, respectively). Histologically, the groups differed significantly (p=0.001). The histological scores differed significantly among the all groups (p=0.001). At 2 weeks, the topical TXA group exhibited significantly better bone healing than the control group (p=0.001). CONCLUSION Our results suggested that topical application of TXA in fracture patients may accelerate healing, whereas systemic administration may adversely affect healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Bilgehan Çevik
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Health Sciences, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Research and Training Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Engin Eceviz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Health Sciences, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Research and Training Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Feriha Ercan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Marmara University, School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gültekin Sıtkı Çeçen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Health Sciences, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Research and Training Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
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Pountos I, Walters G, Panteli M, Einhorn TA, Giannoudis PV. Inflammatory Profile and Osteogenic Potential of Fracture Haematoma in Humans. J Clin Med 2019; 9:jcm9010047. [PMID: 31878248 PMCID: PMC7019316 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fracture haematoma forms immediately after fracture and is considered essential for the bone healing process. Its molecular composition has been briefly investigated with our current understanding being based on animal studies. This study aims to analyse the inflammatory cytokine content of fracture haematoma in humans and determine its effect on osteoprogenitor cells. Twenty-three patients were recruited following informed consent. Peripheral blood, fracture haematoma and bone were collected. A Luminex assay on the levels of 34 cytokines was performed and autologous peripheral blood samples served as control. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) were isolated following collagenase digestion and functional assays were performed. Gene expression analysis of 84 key osteogenic molecules was performed. Thirty-three inflammatory cytokines were found to be significantly raised in fracture haematoma when compared to peripheral serum (p < 0.05). Amongst the most raised molecules were IL-8, IL-11 and MMP1, -2 and -3. Fracture haematoma did not significantly affect MSC proliferation, but ALP activity and calcium deposition were significantly increased in the MSCs undergoing osteogenic differentiation. Medium supplementations with fracture haematoma resulted in a statistically significant upregulation of osteogenic genes including the EGF, FGF2 and VEGFA. This seems to be the pathway involved in the osteogenic effect of fracture haematoma on bone cells. In conclusion, fracture haematoma is found to be a medium rich in inflammatory and immunomodulatory mediators. At the same time, it contains high levels of anti-inflammatory molecules, regulates osteoclastogenesis, induces angiogenesis and the production of the extracellular matrix. It appears that fracture haematoma does not affect osteoprogenitor cells proliferation as previously thought, but induces an osteogenic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippokratis Pountos
- Academic Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS 2 9JT, UK; (G.W.); (M.P.); (P.V.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-113-3922750
| | - Gavin Walters
- Academic Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS 2 9JT, UK; (G.W.); (M.P.); (P.V.G.)
| | - Michalis Panteli
- Academic Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS 2 9JT, UK; (G.W.); (M.P.); (P.V.G.)
| | - Thomas A. Einhorn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA;
| | - Peter V. Giannoudis
- Academic Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS 2 9JT, UK; (G.W.); (M.P.); (P.V.G.)
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Center, Chapel Allerton Hospital, LS7 4SA Leeds, West Yorkshire, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK
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Abstract
Orthobiologics are a group of biological materials and substrates that promote bone, ligament, muscle, and tendon healing. These substances include bone autograft, bone allograft, demineralized bone matrix, bone graft substitutes, bone marrow aspirate concentrate, platelet-rich plasma, bone morphogenetic proteins, platelet-derived growth factor, parathyroid hormone, and vitamin D and calcium. Properties of orthobiologics in bone healing include osteoconduction, osteoinduction, and osteogenesis. This article discusses the important properties of orthobiologics in bone healing, many of the orthobiologics currently available for bone healing, the related literature, their current clinical uses in sports medicine, and systemic factors that inhibit bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob G Calcei
- Department of Sports Medicine and Shoulder, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Scott A Rodeo
- Department of Sports Medicine and Shoulder, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Chisalita SI, Chong LT, Wajda M, Adolfsson L, Woisetschläger M, Spångeus A. Association of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1, Bone Mass and Inflammation to Low-energy Distal Radius Fractures and Fracture Healing in Elderly Women Attending Emergency Care. Orthop Surg 2018; 9:380-385. [PMID: 29178313 DOI: 10.1111/os.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Elderly patients suffer fractures through low-energy mechanisms. The distal radius is the most frequent fracture localization. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) plays an important role in the maintenance of bone mass and its levels decline with advancing age and in states of malnutrition. Our aim was to investigate the association of IGF1 levels, bone mass, nutritional status, and inflammation to low-energy distal radius fractures and also study if fracture healing is influenced by IGF1, nutritional status, and inflammation. METHODS Postmenopausal women, 55 years or older, with low-energy distal radius fractures occurring due to falling on slippery ground, indoors or outdoors, were recruited in the emergency department (ED) and followed 1 and 5 weeks after the initial trauma with biomarkers for nutritional status and inflammation. Fractures were diagnosed according to standard procedure by physical examination and X-ray. All patients were conservatively treated with plaster casts in the ED. Patients who needed interventions were excluded from our study. Fracture healing was evaluated from radiographs. Fracture healing assessment was made with a five-point scale where the radiological assessment included callus formation, fracture line, and stage of union. Blood samples were taken within 24 h after fracture and analyzed in the routine laboratory. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). RESULTS Thirty-eight Caucasian women, aged 70.5 ± 8.9 years (mean ± SD) old, were recruited. Nutritional status, as evaluated by albumin (40.3 ± 3.1 g/L), IGF1 (125.3 ± 39.9 μg/L), body mass index (26.9 ± 3.6 kg/m2 ), arm diameter (28.9 ± 8.9 cm), and arm skinfold (2.5 ± 0.7 cm), was normal. A positive correlation was found between IGF1 at visit 1 and the lowest BMD for hip, spine, or radius (r = 0.39, P = 0.04). High sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and leukocytes were higher at the fracture event compared to 5 weeks later (P = 0.07 and P < 0.001, respectively). Fracture healing parameters (i.e. callus formation, fracture line, and stage of union) were positively correlated with the initial leukocyte count and to difference in thrombocyte count between visit 1 and 3. CONCLUSIONS In elderly women with low-energy distal radius fractures, an association between IGF1 and lowest measures of BMD was found, indicating that low IGF1 could be an indirect risk factor for fractures. Fracture healing was associated with initial leukocytosis and a lower thrombocyte count, suggesting that inflammation and thrombocytes are important components in fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona I Chisalita
- Department of Endocrinology and Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lee Ti Chong
- Department of Emergency and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maciej Wajda
- Department of Emergency and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lars Adolfsson
- Department of Orthopaedics and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mischa Woisetschläger
- Department of Radiology and Department of Medicine and Health Science, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna Spångeus
- Department of Endocrinology and Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Walters G, Pountos I, Giannoudis PV. The cytokines and micro-environment of fracture haematoma: Current evidence. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e1662-e1677. [PMID: 29047220 DOI: 10.1002/term.2593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fracture haematoma formation is the first and foremost important stage of fracture healing. It orchestrates the inflammatory and cellular processes leading to the formation of callus and the restoration of the continuity of the bone. Evidence suggests that blocking this initial stage could lead to an impairment of the overall bone healing process. This review aims to analyse the existing evidence of molecular contributions to bone healing within fracture haematoma and to determine the potential to modify the molecular response to fracture in the haematoma with the aim of improving union times. A comprehensive search of literature documenting fracture haematoma cytokine content was performed. Suitable papers according to prespecified criteria were identified and analysed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. A total of 89 manuscripts formed the basis of this analysis. Low oxygen tension, high acidity, and high calcium characterised initially the fracture haematoma micro-environment. In addition, a number of cytokines have been measured with concentrations significantly higher than those found in peripheral circulation. Growth factors have also been isolated, with an observed increase in bone morphogenetic proteins, platelet-derived growth factor, and transforming growth factor. Although molecular modification of fracture haematoma has been attempted, more research is required to determine a suitable biological response modifier leading to therapeutic effects. The cytokine content of fracture haematoma gives insight into processes occurring in the initial stages of fracture healing. Manipulation of signalling molecules represents a promising pathway to target future therapies aiming to upregulate the osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Walters
- Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Ippokratis Pountos
- Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Peter V Giannoudis
- Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Unit, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
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8
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Hu C, Zhang T, Ren B, Deng Z, Cai L, Lei J, Ping A. Effect of vacuum-assisted closure combined with open bone grafting to promote rabbit bone graft vascularization. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:1200-6. [PMID: 25913359 PMCID: PMC4428317 DOI: 10.12659/msm.892939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with composite bone non-union and soft tissue defects are difficult to treat. Vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) combined with open bone grafting is one of the most effective treatments at present. The aim of the present study was to preliminarily investigate the effect and mechanism of VAC combined with open bone grafting to promote rabbit bone graft vascularization, and to propose a theoretical basis for clinical work. Material/Methods Twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into an experimental and a control group. Allogeneic bones were grafted and banded with the proximal femur with a suture. The experimental group had VAC whereas the control group had normal wound closure. The bone vascularization rate was compared based on X-ray imaging, fluorescent bone labeling (labeled tetracycline hydrochloride and calcein), calcium content in the callus, and expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) in bone allografts by Western blot analysis at the 4th, 8th, and 12th week after surgery. Results At the 4th, 8th, and 12th week after surgery, the results of the tests demonstrated that the callus was larger, contained more calcium (p<0.05), and expressed FGF-2 at higher levels (p<0.05) in the experimental group than in the control group. Fluorescent bone labeling showed the distance between the two fluorescent ribbons was significantly shorter in the control group than in the experimental group at the 8th and 12th week after surgery. Conclusions VAC combined with open bone grafting promoted rabbit bone graft vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Taogen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, People' Hospital of Daye City, Daye, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Bin Ren
- Department of Radio-Chemo Therapy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Zhouming Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Jun Lei
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Ansong Ping
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
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Christersson A, Sandén B, Larsson S. Prospective randomized feasibility trial to assess the use of rhPDGF-BB in treatment of distal radius fractures. J Orthop Surg Res 2015; 10:37. [PMID: 25888774 PMCID: PMC4396574 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-015-0174-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor BB (rhPDGF-BB) combined with an osteoconductive scaffold (β-TCP) has been demonstrated to increase bone formation, but rhPDGF-BB has not been studied in human fractures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and potential use of locally administered rhPDGF-BB/β-TCP (Augment®) in acute wrist fractures. Methods Forty patients with unstable distal radial fracture were randomized to closed reduction and external fixation alone (n = 20) or combined with injection of rhPDGF-BB/β-TCP (Augment®) into the fracture (n = 20). All patients were followed for 24 weeks. Outcome was based on adverse events, fracture displacement on radiographs, fracture healing, range of motion, grip strength, pain, and the disability of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) score. Results There were no serious adverse events in the study, but the pin tract infection rate was significantly lower in the Augment® group. There was no difference between the groups in fracture healing time, based on number of healed cortices or fracture displacement. The Augment® group had an early temporary significant decrease in wrist flexion, but no difference in range of motion at 24 weeks. There were no differences between the two treatment groups for any other outcome variables. Conclusion rhPDGF-BB/β-TCP (Augment®) is safe and convenient for local administration into wrist fractures. In this pilot study, we could not detect any reduced healing time in the Augment® group although potential efficacy should be addressed in larger studies. Clinical trial registration number The clinical trial registration number for the study protocol is BMPI-2014-02-E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Christersson
- Department of Orthopedics, Uppsala University, Sjukhusvägen 1, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Bengt Sandén
- Department of Orthopedics, Uppsala University, Sjukhusvägen 1, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sune Larsson
- Department of Orthopedics, Uppsala University, Sjukhusvägen 1, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Li A, Xia X, Yeh J, Kua H, Liu H, Mishina Y, Hao A, Li B. PDGF-AA promotes osteogenic differentiation and migration of mesenchymal stem cell by down-regulating PDGFRα and derepressing BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113785. [PMID: 25470749 PMCID: PMC4254917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) play important roles in skeletal development and bone fracture healing, yet how PDGFs execute their functions remains incompletely understood. Here we show that PDGF-AA, but not -AB or -BB, could activate the BMP-Smad1/5/8 pathway in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which requires BMPRIA as well as PDGFRα. PDGF-AA promotes MSC osteogenic differentiation through the BMP-Smad1/5/8-Runx2/Osx axis and MSC migration via the BMP-Smad1/5/8-Twist1/Atf4 axis. Mechanistic studies show that PDGF-AA activates BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling by feedback down-regulating PDGFRα, which frees BMPRI and allows for BMPRI-BMPRII complex formation to activate smad1/5/8, using BMP molecules in the microenvironment. This study unravels a physical and functional interaction between PDGFRα and BMPRI, which plays an important role in MSC differentiation and migration, and establishes a link between PDGF-AA and BMPs pathways, two essential regulators of embryonic development and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong University School of Medicine, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012 P.R. China
- The Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xuechun Xia
- The Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - James Yeh
- The Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Huiyi Kua
- The Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Huijuan Liu
- The Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Aijun Hao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong University School of Medicine, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012 P.R. China
- * E-mail: (BL); (AH)
| | - Baojie Li
- The Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- * E-mail: (BL); (AH)
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Liu L, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Xiao X, Peng X, Yang G, Zang J, Liu S, Li T. Beneficial effects of platelet-derived growth factor on hemorrhagic shock in rats and the underlying mechanisms. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H1277-87. [PMID: 25172895 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00006.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that local application of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) can be used for the treatment of acute and chronic wounds. We investigated if systemic application of PDGF has a protective effect on acute hemorrhagic shock in rats in the present study. Using hemorrhagic shock rats and isolated superior mesenteric arteries, the effects of PDGF-BB on hemodynamics, animal survival, and vascular reactivity as well as the roles of the gap junction proteins connexin (Cx)40 and Cx43, PKC, and Rho kinase were observed. PDGF-BB (1–15 μg/kg iv) significantly improved the hemodynamics and blood perfusion to vital organs (liver and kidney) as well as vascular reactivity and improved the animal survival in hemorrhagic shock rats. PDGF recovering shock-induced vascular hyporeactivity depended on the integrity of the endothelium and myoendothelial gap junction. Cx43 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide abolished these improving effects of PDGF, whereas Cx40 oligodeoxynucleotide did not. Further study indicated that PDGF increased the activity of Rho kinase and PKC as well as vascular Ca2+ sensitivity, whereas it did not interfere with the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in hypoxia-treated vascular smooth muscle cells. In conclusion, systemic application of PDGF-BB may exert beneficial effects on hemorrhagic shock, which are closely related to the improvement of vascular reactivity and hemodynamics. The improvement of PDGF-BB in vascular reactivity is vascular endothelium and myoendothelial gap junction dependent. Cx43, Rho kinase, and PKC play very important role in this process. These findings suggest that PDGF may be a potential measure to treat acute clinical critical diseases such as severe trauma, shock, and sepsis.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inducing Agents/pharmacology
- Angiogenesis Inducing Agents/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Becaplermin
- Calcium Signaling
- Connexin 43/genetics
- Connexin 43/metabolism
- Connexins/genetics
- Connexins/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Gap Junctions/drug effects
- Gap Junctions/metabolism
- Gap Junctions/physiology
- Hemodynamics/drug effects
- Liver Circulation
- Mesenteric Artery, Superior/cytology
- Mesenteric Artery, Superior/metabolism
- Mesenteric Artery, Superior/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Protein Kinase C/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/therapeutic use
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Renal Circulation
- Shock, Hemorrhagic/drug therapy
- Shock, Hemorrhagic/metabolism
- Shock, Hemorrhagic/physiopathology
- rho-Associated Kinases/metabolism
- Gap Junction alpha-5 Protein
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