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Eom YS, Park JH, Kim TH. Recent Advances in Stem Cell Differentiation Control Using Drug Delivery Systems Based on Porous Functional Materials. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:483. [PMID: 37754897 PMCID: PMC10532449 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14090483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The unique characteristics of stem cells, which include self-renewal and differentiation into specific cell types, have paved the way for the development of various biomedical applications such as stem cell therapy, disease modelling, and drug screening. The establishment of effective stem cell differentiation techniques is essential for the effective application of stem cells for various purposes. Ongoing research has sought to induce stem cell differentiation using diverse differentiation factors, including chemicals, proteins, and integrin expression. These differentiation factors play a pivotal role in a variety of applications. However, it is equally essential to acknowledge the potential hazards of uncontrolled differentiation. For example, uncontrolled differentiation can give rise to undesirable consequences, including cancerous mutations and stem cell death. Therefore, the development of innovative methods to control stem cell differentiation is crucial. In this review, we discuss recent research cases that have effectively utilised porous functional material-based drug delivery systems to regulate stem cell differentiation. Due to their unique substrate properties, drug delivery systems based on porous functional materials effectively induce stem cell differentiation through the steady release of differentiation factors. These ground-breaking techniques hold considerable promise for guiding and controlling the fate of stem cells for a wide range of biomedical applications, including stem cell therapy, disease modelling, and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tae-Hyung Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; (Y.-S.E.); (J.-H.P.)
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Wu S, Zhang L, Zhang R, Yang K, Wei Q, Jia Q, Guo J, Ma C. Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells induced by rrPDGF-BB promotes bone regeneration during distraction osteogenesis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1110703. [PMID: 36959901 PMCID: PMC10027703 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1110703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In the clinical treatment of large bone defects, distraction osteogenesis can be used. However, some patients may suffer from poor bone regeneration, or even delayed healing or non-union. Problems with the aggregation and proliferation of primary osteoblasts, or problems with the differentiation of primary osteoblasts will lead to poor bone regeneration. Therefore, supplementing exogenous primary osteoblasts and growth factors when using distraction osteogenesis may be a treatment plan with great potential. Methods: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were extracted from rats and cultured. Subsequently, Recombinant Rat Platelet-derived Growth Factor BB (rrPDGF-BB) was used to induce bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. At the same time, male adult rats were selected to make the right femoral distraction osteogenesis model. During the mineralization period, phosphate buffer salt solution (control group), non-induction bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (group 1) and recombinant rat platelet-derived growth factor BB intervened bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (group 2) were injected into the distraction areas of each group. Then, the experimental results were evaluated with imaging and histology. Statistical analysis of the data showed that the difference was statistically significant if p < 0.05. Results: After intervention with recombinant rat platelet-derived growth factor BB on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, the cell morphology changed into a thin strip. After the cells were injected in the mineralization period, the samples showed that the callus in group 2 had greater hardness and the color close to the normal bone tissue; X-ray examination showed that there were more new callus in the distraction space of group 2; Micro-CT examination showed that there were more new bone tissues in group 2; Micro-CT data at week eight showed that the tissue volume, bone volume, percent bone volume, bone trabecular thickness, bone trabecular number and bone mineral density in group 2 were the largest, and the bone trabecular separation in group 2 was the smallest. There was a statistical difference between the groups (p < 0.05); HE staining confirmed that group 2 formed more blood vessels and chondrocytes earlier than the control group. At 8 weeks, the bone marrow cavity of group 2 was obvious, and some of them had been fused. Conclusion: The study confirmed that injecting bone marrow mesenchymal stem cellsBB into the distraction space of rats can promote the formation of new bone in the distraction area and promote the healing of distraction osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wu
- Department of Microrepair and Reconstruction, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ruidan Zhang
- Guangdong New Omega Medical Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang Yang
- Hand and foot microsurgery of the third people’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Qin Wei
- Animal Experiment Center of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Qiyu Jia
- Department of Microrepair and Reconstruction, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of Microrepair and Reconstruction, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Chuang Ma
- Department of Microrepair and Reconstruction, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- *Correspondence: Chuang Ma,
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Fu R, Feng Y, Liu Y, Gao X, Bertrand DT, Du T, Liu Y, Willie BM, Yang H. Effect of the accordion technique on bone regeneration during distraction osteogenesis: A computational study. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 227:107232. [PMID: 36371976 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.107232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Distraction osteogenesis (DO), a bone lengthening technique, is widely employed to treat congenital and acquired limb length discrepancies and large segmental bone defects. However, a major issue of DO is the prolonged consolidation phase (10-36 months) during which patients must wear a cumbersome external fixator. Attempts have been made to accelerate the healing process of DO by an alternating distraction and compression mode (so-called "accordion" technique or AT). However, it remains unclear how varied AT parameters affect DO outcomes and what the most effective AT mode is. METHODS Based on an experimentally-verified mechanobiological model, we performed a parametric analysis via in silico simulation of the bone regeneration process of DO under different AT modes, including combinations of varied application times (AT began at week 1-8 of the consolidation phase), durations (AT was used continuously for 1 week, 2 weeks or 4 weeks) and rates (distraction or compression at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 mm/12 h). The control group had no AT applied during the consolidation phase. RESULTS Compared with the control group (no AT), AT applied at an early consolidation stage (e.g. week 1 of the consolidation phase) significantly enhanced bone formation and reduced the overall healing time. However, the effect of AT on bone healing was dependent on its duration and rate. Specifically, a moderate rate of AT (e.g. 0.5 mm/12 h) lasting for two weeks promoted blood perfusion recovery and bone regeneration, ultimately shortening the healing time. Conversely, over-high rates (e.g. 1 mm/12 h) and longer durations (e.g. 4 weeks) of AT adversely affected bone regeneration and blood perfusion recovery, thereby delaying bone bridging. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the therapeutic effects of AT on DO are highly dependent of the AT parameters of choice. Under appropriate durations and rates, the AT applied at an early consolidation phase is beneficial for blood recovery and bone regeneration. These results may provide a basis for selecting effective AT modes to accelerate consolidation and reduce the overall treatment period of DO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruisen Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yili Feng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xing Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China
| | - David T Bertrand
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Montreal, Canada
| | - Tianming Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Youjun Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Bettina M Willie
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Montreal, Canada
| | - Haisheng Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China.
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Feng Y, Han Z, Jiang W, Shen H, Yu Y, Zhou N, Huang X. Promotion of osteogenesis in BMSC under hypoxia by ATF4 via the PERK-eIF2α signaling pathway. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2022; 58:886-897. [PMID: 36378269 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-022-00732-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) is an endogenous tissue engineering technology in which bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) play a key role in MDO-related osteogenesis. Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is involved in osteogenesis through activation of PERK (Protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase) in endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) condition under hypoxia. However, the specific role of ATF4 in MDO with BMSC remains unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of ATF4 in MDO with BMSC under hypoxia. Briefly, canine BMSCs were cultured in a hypoxic chamber, and effects of hypoxia were evaluated using cell migration assay and Alizarin Red S staining. Expression levels of protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α, ATF4, osteocalcin, and bone sialoprotein were evaluated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. BMSCs were transduced with the ATF4-small interfering RNA lentivirus. The effects were evaluated using all the aforementioned experiments. The results showed that hypoxia promoted migration, osteoblast differentiation, and ATF4 expression in BMSC. ATF4 knockdown in BMSC significantly inhibited migration and osteoblast differentiation abilities, while hypoxia reversed these effects to some extent. In addition, the molecular mechanism partly depended on the ERS signaling pathway, with ATF4 as the key factor. In summary, we presented a novel mechanism of ATF4-mediated regulation of BMSC under hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Feng
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqi Han
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Jiang
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Shen
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Yu
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Nuo Zhou
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuanping Huang
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, People's Republic of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ting J Tsang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nando Ferreira
- Division Orthopaedic Surgery Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A H R W Simpson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Yang S, Wang N, Ma Y, Guo S, Guo S, Sun H. Immunomodulatory effects and mechanisms of distraction osteogenesis. Int J Oral Sci 2022; 14:4. [PMID: 35067679 PMCID: PMC8784536 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-021-00156-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is widely used for bone tissue engineering technology. Immune regulations play important roles in the process of DO like other bone regeneration mechanisms. Compared with others, the immune regulation processes of DO have their distinct features. In this review, we summarized the immune-related events including changes in and effects of immune cells, immune-related cytokines, and signaling pathways at different periods in the process of DO. We aim to elucidated our understanding and unknowns about the immunomodulatory role of DO. The goal of this is to use the known knowledge to further modify existing methods of DO, and to develop novel DO strategies in our unknown areas through more detailed studies of the work we have done.
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Datta B, Shanbhag A. Fibular hemimelia treated by autologous osteoblasts: a case report. CURRENT ORTHOPAEDIC PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1097/bco.0000000000001074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chen J, Hua J, Song W. Screen Key Genes Associated with Distraction-Induced Osteogenesis of Stem Cells Using Bioinformatics Methods. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126505. [PMID: 34204414 PMCID: PMC8235684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Applying mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), together with the distraction osteogenesis (DO) process, displayed enhanced bone quality and shorter treatment periods. The DO guides the differentiation of MSCs by providing mechanical clues. However, the underlying key genes and pathways are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to screen and identify hub genes involved in distraction-induced osteogenesis of MSCs and potential molecular mechanisms. Material and Methods: The datasets were downloaded from the ArrayExpress database. Three samples of negative control and two samples subjected to 5% cyclic sinusoidal distraction at 0.25 Hz for 6 h were selected for screening differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and then analysed via bioinformatics methods. The Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment were investigated. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was visualised through the Cytoscape software. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted to verify the enrichment of a self-defined osteogenic gene sets collection and identify osteogenic hub genes. Results: Three hub genes (IL6, MMP2, and EP300) that were highly associated with distraction-induced osteogenesis of MSCs were identified via the Venn diagram. These hub genes could provide a new understanding of distraction-induced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and serve as potential gene targets for optimising DO via targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishizhan Chen
- UCL Centre for Biomaterials in Surgical Reconstruction and Regeneration, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK;
| | - Jia Hua
- UCL Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, Stanmore, London HA7 4AP, UK;
- The Griffin Institute (Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research), Harrow, London HA1 3UJ, UK
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Wenhui Song
- UCL Centre for Biomaterials in Surgical Reconstruction and Regeneration, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK;
- Correspondence:
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Systemic Administration of G-CSF Accelerates Bone Regeneration and Modulates Mobilization of Progenitor Cells in a Rat Model of Distraction Osteogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073505. [PMID: 33800710 PMCID: PMC8037338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was shown to promote bone regeneration and mobilization of vascular and osteogenic progenitor cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of a systemic low dose of G-CSF on both bone consolidation and mobilization of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in a rat model of distraction osteogenesis (DO). Neovascularization and mineralization were longitudinally monitored using positron emission tomography and planar scintigraphy. Histological analysis was performed and the number of circulating HSPCs, EPCs and MSCs was studied by flow cytometry. Contrary to control group, in the early phase of consolidation, a bony bridge with lower osteoclast activity and a trend of an increase in osteoblast activity were observed in the distracted callus in the G-CSF group, whereas, at the late phase of consolidation, a significantly lower neovascularization was observed. While no difference was observed in the number of circulating EPCs between control and G-CSF groups, the number of MSCs was significantly lower at the end of the latency phase and that of HSPCs was significantly higher 4 days after the bone lengthening. Our results indicate that G-CSF accelerates bone regeneration and modulates mobilization of progenitor cells during DO.
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Pan Q, Li Y, Li Y, Wang H, Kong L, Yang Z, Zhang X, Bai S, Zong Z, Chen G, Lin S, Li G. Local administration of allogeneic or autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells enhances bone formation similarly in distraction osteogenesis. Cytotherapy 2021; 23:590-598. [PMID: 33546925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is a surgical technique to promote bone regeneration that requires a long time for bone healing. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been applied to accelerate bone formation in DO. Allogeneic MSCs are attractive, as they could be ready to use in clinics. Whether allogeneic MSCs would have an effect similar to autologous MSCs with regard to promoting bone formation in DO is still unknown. This study compares the effect of autologous MSCs versus allogeneic MSCs on bone formation in a rat DO model. METHODS Rat bone marrow-derived MSCs were isolated, characterized and expanded in vitro. Adult rats were subjected to right tibia transverse osteotomy. On the third day of distraction, each rat received one injection of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), autologous MSCs or allogeneic MSCs at the distraction site. Tibiae were harvested after 28 days of consolidation for micro-computed tomography examination, mechanical test and histological analysis. RESULTS Results showed that treatment with both allogeneic and autologous MSCs promoted bone formation, with significantly higher bone mass, mechanical properties and mineral apposition rate as well as expression of angiogenic and bone formation markers at the regeneration sites compared with the PBS-treated group. No statistical difference in bone formation was found between the allogeneic and autologous MSC treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that allogeneic and autologous MSCs have a similar effect on promoting bone consolidation in DO. MSCs from an allogeneic source could be used off-the-shelf with DO to achieve early bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, China
| | - Yucong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, China
| | - Haixing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, China
| | - Lingchi Kong
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, China
| | - Zhengmeng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, China
| | - Shanshan Bai
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, China
| | - Zhixian Zong
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Guanghua Chen
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Sien Lin
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, China; The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Affiliated Baoan Hospital of Shenzhen, Southern Medical University, People's Hospital of Baoan District, Shenzhen, China..
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Saw KY, Gill R, Low TC. Massive Tibial Bone Regeneration with Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cells using Ilizarov Bone Transport: A Case Report. Malays Orthop J 2020; 14:166-169. [PMID: 33403079 PMCID: PMC7751995 DOI: 10.5704/moj.2011.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a case report of a Gustilo-Anderson Type IIIB comminuted open right tibial fracture with massive bone loss, complicated by methicillin-resistant Staphylococus aureus (MRSA) infection. Non-viable and contaminated bony fragments were removed and infected bone resected. Soft tissue coverage and antibiotics were effective against the MRSA infection. A unifocal bone transport with the Ilizarov method regenerated 13cm of the missing tibia. Autologous peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) injections into the osteogenesis site boosted bone regeneration and consolidation with a shortened Bone Healing index (BHI) of 23 days/cm.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Saw
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kuala Lumpur Sports Medicine Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - R Gill
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kuala Lumpur Sports Medicine Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - T C Low
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kuala Lumpur Sports Medicine Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Pan Q, Li Y, Xu J, Kang Y, Li Y, Wang B, Yang YP, Lin S, Li G. The effects of tubular structure on biomaterial aided bone regeneration in distraction osteogenesis. J Orthop Translat 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
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13
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Chinese Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons (CAOS) clinical guideline for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers using tibial cortex transverse transport technique (version 2020). J Orthop Translat 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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Theyse LFH. CORR Insights®: Percutaneous CO2 Treatment Accelerates Bone Generation During Distraction Osteogenesis in Rabbits. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2020; 478:1936-1938. [PMID: 32732578 PMCID: PMC7371037 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000001368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars F H Theyse
- L. F. H. Theyse, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Department for Small Animals, Soft Tissue and Orthopaedic Surgery Service, Leipzig, Germany
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Jia Y, Qiu S, Xu J, Kang Q, Chai Y. Exosomes Secreted by Young Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote New Bone Formation During Distraction Osteogenesis in Older Rats. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 106:509-517. [PMID: 32103287 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00656-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is a clinically effective procedure to regenerate large bone defects. However, the treatment duration is undesirably lengthy, especially in elderly patients. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-Exos) could exert the beneficial effects while avoiding the possible complications of stem cell transplantation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of MSC-Exos on bone regeneration during DO in older rats. Exosomes were isolated from the supernatants of young bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) through ultra-centrifugation, and characterized using transmission electron microscopy, western blot, and tunable resistive pulse sensing analysis. The effects of MSC-Exos on the proliferation and differentiation of older BMSCs were evaluated using CCK-8 assay, ALP and ARS staining, and qRT-PCR. Unilateral tibial DO model was established on older Sprague-Dawley rats and MSC-Exos or phosphate buffer saline was locally injected into the distraction gaps after distraction weekly. Bone regeneration were evaluated using X-ray, Micro-CT, mechanical test, and histological staining. The MSC-Exos were round or cup-shaped vesicles ranging from 60 to 130 nm in diameter and expressed markers including CD9, CD63, and TSG101. The in vitro results indicated that MSC-Exos could enhance the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of older BMSCs. Bone regeneration was markedly accelerated in rats treated with MSC-Exos according to the results of X-ray, micro-CT, and histological analysis. The distracted tibias from the MSC-Exos group also demonstrated better mechanical properties. These results suggest that MSC-Exos promote DO-mediated bone regeneration in older rats through enhancing the proliferation and osteogenic capacity of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachao Jia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Yishan Rd 600, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Shuo Qiu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Yishan Rd 600, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Yishan Rd 600, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Qinglin Kang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Yishan Rd 600, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Yimin Chai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Yishan Rd 600, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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16
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Yang Y, Pan Q, Zou K, Wang H, Zhang X, Yang Z, Lee WYW, Wei B, Gu W, Yang YP, Lin S, Li G. Administration of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells in lengthening phase accelerates early bone consolidation in rat distraction osteogenesis model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:129. [PMID: 32197646 PMCID: PMC7083044 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01635-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is a surgical technique to promote bone regeneration which may require long duration for bone consolidation. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been applied to accelerate bone formation in DO. However, the optimal time point for cell therapy in DO remains unknown. This study sought to determine the optimal time point of cell administration to achieve early bone consolidation in DO. We hypothesized that the ratio of circulating MSCs to peripheral mononuclear cells and the level of cytokines in serum might be indicators for cell administration in DO. METHODS Unilateral tibial osteotomy with an external fixator was performed in adult Sprague Dawley rats. Three days after osteotomy, the tibia was lengthened at 0.5 mm/12 h for 5 days. At first, 5 rats were used to analyze the blood components at 6 different time points (3 days before lengthening, on the day lengthening began, or 3, 6, 10, or 14 days after lengthening began) by sorting circulating MSCs and measuring serum levels of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and interleukin 1β. Then, 40 rats were used for cell therapy study. A single dose of 5 × 105 allogeneic MSCs was locally injected at the lengthening site on day 3, 6, or 10 after lengthening began, or 3 doses of MSCs were injected at the three time points. Sequential X-ray radiographs were taken weekly. Endpoint examinations included micro-computed tomography analysis, mechanical testing, histomorphometry, and histology. RESULTS The number of circulating MSCs and serum level of SDF-1 were significantly increased during lengthening, and then decreased afterwards. Single injection of MSCs during lengthening phase (on day 3, but not day 6 or 10) significantly increased bone volume fraction, mechanical maximum loading, and bone mineralization of the regenerate. Triple injections of MSCs at three time points also significantly increased bone volume and maximum loading of the regenerates. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that bone consolidation could be accelerated by a single injection of MSCs during lengthening when the ratio of peripheral MSCs to mononuclear cells and the serum SDF-1 presented at peak levels concurrently, suggesting that day 3 after lengthening began may be the optimal time point for cell therapy to promote early bone consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Yang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Changzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Changzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qi Pan
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kaijie Zou
- Department of Central Laboratory, Changzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Changzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haixing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhengmeng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wayne Yuk Wai Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Weidong Gu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Changzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Yunzhi Peter Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Sien Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China. .,Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China. .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China. .,The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China. .,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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17
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The Effect of Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate Application on Distracted Bone Biomechanical Properties. J Craniofac Surg 2019; 30:2650-2655. [DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000005998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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18
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Zhan XS, El-Ashram S, Luo DZ, Luo HN, Wang BY, Chen SF, Bai YS, Chen ZS, Liu CY, Ji HQ. A Comparative Study of Biological Characteristics and Transcriptome Profiles of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Different Canine Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061485. [PMID: 30934541 PMCID: PMC6471769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most promising seed cells for cell therapy. Comparing the biological and transcriptome gene characteristics of MSCs from different sources provides an important basis for the screening of clinically used cells. The main purpose of this experiment was to establish methods for the isolation and culture of MSCs from five different canine sources, including adipose tissue, bone marrow, umbilical cord, amniotic membrane, and placenta, and compare biological and transcriptome characteristics of MSCs, in order to provide a basis for the clinical application of canine MSCs. MSCs were isolated from Chinese pastoral dogs, and the following experiments were performed: (1) the third, sixth, and ninth generations of cells were counted, respectively, and a growth curve was plotted to calculate the MSC population doubling time; (2) the expression of CD34 and CD44 surface markers was studied by immunofluorescence; (3) the third generation of cells were used for osteogenetic and adipogenic differentiation experiments; and (4) MSC transcriptome profiles were performed using RNA sequencing. All of the five types of MSCs showed fibroblast-like adherent growth. The cell surface expressed CD44 instead of CD34; the third-generation MSCs had the highest proliferative activity. The average population doubling time of adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs), placenta mesenchymal stem cells (P-MSCs), bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs), and amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (AM-MSCs) were 15.8 h, 21.2 h, 26.2 h, 35 h, and 41.9 h, respectively. All five types of MSCs could be induced to differentiate into adipocytes and osteoblasts in vitro, with lipid droplets appearing after 8 days and bone formation occurring 5 days after AD-MSC induction. However, the multilineage differentiation for the remaining of MSCs was longer compared to that of the AD-MSCs. The MSC transcriptome profiles showed that AD-MSC and BM-MSCs had the highest homology, while P-MSCs were significantly different compared to the other four types of MSCs. All the isolated MSCs had the main biological characteristics of MSCs. AD-MSCs had the shortest time for proliferation, adipogenesis, and osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Shu Zhan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China.
| | - Saeed El-Ashram
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China.
- Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh 33516, Egypt.
| | - Dong-Zhang Luo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China.
| | - Hui-Na Luo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China.
| | - Bing-Yun Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China.
| | - Sheng-Feng Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China.
| | - Yin-Shan Bai
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China.
| | - Zhi-Sheng Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China.
| | - Can-Ying Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China.
| | - Hui-Qin Ji
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China.
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19
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Effects of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy on Distraction Osteogenesis in Rat Mandible. Plast Reconstr Surg 2019; 142:1501-1509. [PMID: 30188470 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000004980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distraction osteogenesis has widespread clinical use in the treatment of congenital and acquired craniofacial deformities. Nonetheless, during the prolonged consolidation period, the newly regenerated bone carries the risk of complications. A known method for enhancing bone healing is extracorporeal shock wave therapy, which has been shown to induce neovascularization and promote tissue regeneration. The authors investigated whether extracorporeal shock wave therapy can accelerate bony consolidation and regeneration in distraction osteogenesis of the rat mandible and at which stage of distraction osteogenesis it should be applied. METHODS Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to distraction osteogenesis of the right mandible (latency period, 3 days; distraction period, 10 days; 0.5 mm/day). Experimental groups consisted of the following: group I (control), no extracorporeal shock wave therapy; group II, extracorporeal shock wave therapy (0.18 mJ/mm(2)) at the latency period; and group III, extracorporeal shock wave therapy (0.18 mJ/mm(2)) at the consolidation period. Explants were removed for evaluation after 4 weeks of consolidation. RESULTS Histologic evaluation showed well-developed cortical cortex and a higher degree of bone formation and mature bone in group III; micro-computed tomography showed significantly increased bone mineral density, bone volume fraction, and trabecular thickness; immunohistochemistry demonstrated significantly increased expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2, vascular endothelial growth factor, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. CONCLUSION Extracorporeal shock wave therapy application at the consolidation period during distraction osteogenesis in the rat mandible enhances bone formation and osteogenic and angiogenic growth factors, improves bone mechanical properties, and accelerates bone mineralization.
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20
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Montes-Medina L, Hernández-Fernández A, Gutiérrez-Rivera A, Ripalda-Cemboráin P, Bitarte N, Pérez-López V, Granero-Moltó F, Prosper F, Izeta A. Effect of bone marrow stromal cells in combination with biomaterials in early phases of distraction osteogenesis: An experimental study in a rabbit femur model. Injury 2018; 49:1979-1986. [PMID: 30219381 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acceleration of the consolidation of the distracted bone is a relevant medical need. As a platform to improve in vivo bone engineering, we developed a novel distraction osteogenesis (DO) model in a rabbit large bone (femur) and tested if the application of cultured bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) immediately after the osteotomy promotes the formation of bone. This report consists of two components, an animal study to evaluate the quality of the regenerate following different treatments and an in vitro study to evaluate osteogenic potential of BMSC cultures. To illuminate the mechanism of action of injected cells, we tested stem cell cultures enriched in osteogenic-BMSCs (O-BMSCs) as compared with cultures enriched in non-osteogenic BMSCs (NO-BMSCs). Finally, we included a group of animals treated with biomaterials (fibrin and ground cortical bone) in addition to cells. Injection of O-BMSCs promoted the maturity of distracted callus and decreased fibrosis. When combined with biomaterials, O-BMSCs modified the ossification pattern from endochondral to intramembranous type. The use of NO-BMSCs not only did not increase the maturity but also increased porosity of the bone. These preclinical results indicate that the BMSC cultures must be tested in vitro prior to clinical use, since a number of factors may influence their outcome in bone formation. We hypothesize that the use of osteogenic BMSCs and biomaterials could be clinically beneficial to shorten the consolidation period of the distraction and the total period of bone lengthening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Montes-Medina
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Alberto Hernández-Fernández
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain; Department of Surgery, Radiology and Physical Medicine of the University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | | | - Nerea Bitarte
- Tissue Engineering Group, Bioengineering Area, Instituto Biodonostia, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Virginia Pérez-López
- Tissue Engineering Group, Bioengineering Area, Instituto Biodonostia, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Froilán Granero-Moltó
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ander Izeta
- Tissue Engineering Group, Bioengineering Area, Instituto Biodonostia, San Sebastian, Spain; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Science, School of Engineering, Tecnun-University of Navarra, San Sebastian, Spain.
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21
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Murray IR, Geeslin AG, Chahla J, Murray AD, Goudie EB, Petrigliano FA, Simpson AHRW, LaPrade RF. Infographic: Reporting the right information for stem cell studies is important. Bone Joint Res 2018; 7:539-540. [PMID: 30294425 PMCID: PMC6168715 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.79.bjr-2017-0360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- I R Murray
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A G Geeslin
- Borgess Orthopaedics, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - J Chahla
- Santa Monica Orthopaedic Group, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - A D Murray
- Department of Sport and Exercise, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, and, European Tour Golf, Wentworth Drive, Virginia Water, GU25 4LX, UK
| | - E B Goudie
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - F A Petrigliano
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - A H R W Simpson
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R F LaPrade
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
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Abstract
Approximately a third of patients presenting with long-bone non-union have undergone plate fixation as their primary procedure. In the assessment of a potential fracture non-union it is critical to understand the plating technique that the surgeon was intending to achieve at the primary procedure, i.e. whether it was direct or indirect fracture repair. The distinction between delayed union and non-union is a diagnostic dilemma especially in plated fractures, healing by primary bone repair. The distinction is important as nonunions are not necessarily part of the same spectrum as delayed unions. The etiology of a fracture non-union is usually multifactorial and the factors can be broadly categorized into mechanical factors, biological (local and systemic) factors, and infection. Infection is present in ~40% of fracture non-unions, often after open fractures or impaired wound healing, but in 5% of all non-unions infection is present without any clinical or serological suspicion. Methods to improve the sensitivity of investigation in the search of infection include the use of; sonication of implants, direct inoculation of theatre specimens into broth, and histological examination of non-union site tissue. Awareness should be given to the potential anti-osteogenic effect of bisphosphonates (in primary fracture repair) and certain classes of antibiotics. Early cases of delayed/non-union with sufficient mechanical stability and biologically active bone can be managed by stimulation of fracture healing. Late presenting non-union typically requires revision of the fixation construct and stimulation of the callus to induce fracture union.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hamish R W Simpson
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - S T Jerry Tsang
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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