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Marin JJG, Serrano MA, Herraez E, Lozano E, Ortiz-Rivero S, Perez-Silva L, Reviejo M, Briz O. Impact of genetic variants in the solute carrier ( SLC) genes encoding drug uptake transporters on the response to anticancer chemotherapy. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2024; 7:27. [PMID: 39143954 PMCID: PMC11322974 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2024.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Cancer drug resistance constitutes a severe limitation for the satisfactory outcome of these patients. This is a complex problem due to the co-existence in cancer cells of multiple and synergistic mechanisms of chemoresistance (MOC). These mechanisms are accounted for by the expression of a set of genes included in the so-called resistome, whose effectiveness often leads to a lack of response to pharmacological treatment. Additionally, genetic variants affecting these genes further increase the complexity of the question. This review focuses on a set of genes encoding members of the transportome involved in drug uptake, which have been classified into the MOC-1A subgroup of the resistome. These proteins belong to the solute carrier (SLC) superfamily. More precisely, we have considered here several members of families SLC2, SLC7, SLC19, SLC22, SLCO, SLC28, SLC29, SLC31, SLC46, and SLC47 due to the impact of their expression and genetic variants in anticancer drug uptake by tumor cells or, in some cases, general bioavailability. Changes in their expression levels and the appearance of genetic variants can contribute to the Darwinian selection of more resistant clones and, hence, to the development of a more malignant phenotype. Accordingly, to address this issue in future personalized medicine, it is necessary to characterize both changes in resistome genes that can affect their function. It is also essential to consider the time-dependent dimension of these features, as the genetic expression and the appearance of genetic variants can change during tumor progression and in response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose J. G. Marin
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), University of Salamanca, Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca 37007, Spain
- Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBEREHD), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Maria A. Serrano
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), University of Salamanca, Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca 37007, Spain
- Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBEREHD), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Elisa Herraez
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), University of Salamanca, Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca 37007, Spain
- Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBEREHD), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Elisa Lozano
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), University of Salamanca, Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca 37007, Spain
- Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBEREHD), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Sara Ortiz-Rivero
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), University of Salamanca, Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca 37007, Spain
- Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBEREHD), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Laura Perez-Silva
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), University of Salamanca, Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Maria Reviejo
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), University of Salamanca, Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca 37007, Spain
- Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBEREHD), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Oscar Briz
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), University of Salamanca, Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca 37007, Spain
- Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBEREHD), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid 28029, Spain
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Yadav D, Yadav A, Bhattacharya S, Dagar A, Kumar V, Rani R. GLUT and HK: Two primary and essential key players in tumor glycolysis. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 100:17-27. [PMID: 38494080 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cells reprogram their metabolism to become "glycolysis-dominant," which enables them to meet their energy and macromolecule needs and enhancing their rate of survival. This glycolytic-dominancy is known as the "Warburg effect", a significant factor in the growth and invasion of malignant tumors. Many studies confirmed that members of the GLUT family, specifically HK-II from the HK family play a pivotal role in the Warburg effect, and are closely associated with glucose transportation followed by glucose metabolism in cancer cells. Overexpression of GLUTs and HK-II correlates with aggressive tumor behaviour and tumor microenvironment making them attractive therapeutic targets. Several studies have proven that the regulation of GLUTs and HK-II expression improves the treatment outcome for various tumors. Therefore, small molecule inhibitors targeting GLUT and HK-II show promise in sensitizing cancer cells to treatment, either alone or in combination with existing therapies including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and photodynamic therapy. Despite existing therapies, viable methods to target the glycolysis of cancer cells are currently lacking to increase the effectiveness of cancer treatment. This review explores the current understanding of GLUT and HK-II in cancer metabolism, recent inhibitor developments, and strategies for future drug development, offering insights into improving cancer treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Yadav
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India; Drug Discovery, Jubilant Biosys, Greater Noida, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anubha Yadav
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Sujata Bhattacharya
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Akansha Dagar
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Vinit Kumar
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India.
| | - Reshma Rani
- Drug Discovery, Jubilant Biosys, Greater Noida, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Szablewski L. Glucose transporters as markers of diagnosis and prognosis in cancer diseases. Oncol Rev 2022; 16:561. [PMID: 35340885 PMCID: PMC8941341 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2022.561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary metabolic substrate for cells is glucose, which acts as both a source of energy and a substrate in several processes. However, being lipophilic, the cell membrane is impermeable to glucose and specific carrier proteins are needed to allow transport. In contrast to normal cells, cancer cells are more likely to generate energy by glycolysis; as this process generates fewer molecules of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) than complete oxidative breakdown, more glucose molecules are needed. The increased demand for glucose in cancer cells is satisfied by overexpression of a number of glucose transporters, and decreased levels of others. As specific correlations have been observed between the occurrence of cancer and the expression of glucose carrier proteins, the presence of changes in expression of glucose transporters may be treated as a marker of diagnosis and/or prognosis for cancer patients.
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Pliszka M, Szablewski L. Glucose Transporters as a Target for Anticancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164184. [PMID: 34439338 PMCID: PMC8394807 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary For mammalian cells, glucose is a major source of energy. In the presence of oxygen, a complete breakdown of glucose generates 36 molecules of ATP from one molecule of glucose. Hypoxia is a hallmark of cancer; therefore, cancer cells prefer the process of glycolysis, which generates only two molecules of ATP from one molecule of glucose, and cancer cells need more molecules of glucose in comparison with normal cells. Increased uptake of glucose by cancer cells is due to increased expression of glucose transporters. However, overexpression of glucose transporters, promoting the process of carcinogenesis, and increasing aggressiveness and invasiveness of tumors, may have also a beneficial effect. For example, upregulation of glucose transporters is used in diagnostic techniques such as FDG-PET. Therapeutic inhibition of glucose transporters may be a method of treatment of cancer patients. On the other hand, upregulation of glucose transporters, which are used in radioiodine therapy, can help patients with cancers. Abstract Tumor growth causes cancer cells to become hypoxic. A hypoxic condition is a hallmark of cancer. Metabolism of cancer cells differs from metabolism of normal cells. Cancer cells prefer the process of glycolysis as a source of ATP. Process of glycolysis generates only two molecules of ATP per one molecule of glucose, whereas the complete oxidative breakdown of one molecule of glucose yields 36 molecules of ATP. Therefore, cancer cells need more molecules of glucose in comparison with normal cells. Increased uptake of glucose by these cells is due to overexpression of glucose transporters, especially GLUT1 and GLUT3, that are hypoxia responsive, as well as other glucose transport proteins. Increased expression of these carrier proteins may be used in anticancer therapy. This phenomenon is used in diagnostic techniques such as FDG-PET. It is also suggested, and there are observations, that therapeutic inhibition of glucose transporters may be a method in treatment of cancer patients. On the other hand, there are described cases, in which upregulation of glucose transporters, as, for example, NIS, which is used in radioiodine therapy, can help patients with cancer. The aim of this review is the presentation of possibilities, and how glucose transporters can be used in anticancer therapy.
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Itoh S, Yoshizumi T, Kitamura Y, Yugawa K, Iseda N, Shimagaki T, Nagao Y, Toshima T, Harada N, Kohashi K, Baba S, Ishigami K, Oda Y, Mori M. Impact of Metabolic Activity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Association With Immune Status and Vascular Formation. Hepatol Commun 2021; 5:1278-1289. [PMID: 34278175 PMCID: PMC8279470 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the prognostic value of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Their association with programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and vascular formation was further investigated. In this retrospective study, using a database of 418 patients who had undergone 18F-FDG PET/CT before hepatic resection for HCC, immunohistochemical staining of PD-L1, clusters of differentiation (CD) 8, CD68, and CD34 was performed. Patients with a high maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on 18F-FDG PET/CT showed a significantly worse recurrence-free survival (RFS) (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.500; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.088-2.069; P = 0.0133) and overall survival (OS) (HR: 2.259; 95% CI: 1.276-4.000; P = 0.0052) than patients with a low SUVmax. Logistic regression analysis showed that a high SUVmax in HCC was significantly associated with PD-L1-positive expression (odds ratio: 4.407; 95% CI: 2.265-8.575; P < 0.0001). SUVmax values of HCC were associated with intratumoral CD8-positive T-cell counts (P = 0.0044) and CD68-positive macrophage counts (P = 0.0061). Stratification based on SUVmax, PD-L1 expression, and the vessels that encapsulate tumor clusters (VETC) status was also significantly associated with RFS and OS. SUVmax, VETC, and PDL1 expression were independently predictive of survival on multivariable analysis. Conclusion: Our large cohort study showed that a high SUVmax on 18F-FDG PET/CT is associated with a poor clinical outcome and PD-L1 expression in patients with HCC. Additionally, stratification of patients based on the combination of SUVmax, PD-L1 expression, and the VETC status predicts poor clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Itoh
- Department of Surgery and ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Tomoharu Yoshizumi
- Department of Surgery and ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kitamura
- Department of Clinical RadiologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Kyohei Yugawa
- Department of Surgery and ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan.,Department of Anatomic PathologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Norifumi Iseda
- Department of Surgery and ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Tomonari Shimagaki
- Department of Surgery and ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yoshihiro Nagao
- Department of Surgery and ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Takeo Toshima
- Department of Surgery and ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Noboru Harada
- Department of Surgery and ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Kenichi Kohashi
- Department of Anatomic PathologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Shingo Baba
- Department of Clinical RadiologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Kousei Ishigami
- Department of Clinical RadiologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic PathologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Surgery and ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
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Obesity is a risk factor for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma progression associated with alterations of metabolic activity and immune status. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5845. [PMID: 33712681 PMCID: PMC7955092 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85186-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Body mass index (BMI) is well known to be associated with poor prognosis in several cancers. The relationship between BMI and the long-term outcomes of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is incompletely understood. This study investigated the relationships of BMI with clinicopathological characteristics and patient outcomes, focusing on metabolic activity and immune status. The relationship between BMI and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) was analyzed. In addition, immunohistochemistry was performed for programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8), and forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3). Seventy-four patients with ICC were classified into normal weight (BMI < 25.0 kg/m2, n = 48) and obesity groups (BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2, n = 26), respectively. Serum carbohydrate antigen 19–9 levels were higher in the obesity group than in the normal weight group. Tumor size and the intrahepatic metastasis rate were significantly larger in the obesity group. Patients in the obesity group had significantly worse prognoses than those in the normal weight group. Moreover, BMI displayed a positive correlation with SUVmax on 18F-FDG PET/CT (n = 46, r = 0.5152). Patients with high 18F-FDG uptake had a significantly higher rate of PD-L1 expression, lower CD8 + tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) counts, and higher Foxp3 + TIL counts. The elevated BMI might predict the outcomes of patients with ICC. Obesity might be associated with ICC progression, possibly through alterations in metabolic activity and the immune status.
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Hu XG, Shen XY, Nan JN, Kim IG, Yoon JK, Hong SY, Kim MN, Kim BW, Wang HJ. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT as an independent predictor for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma combined with major portal vein tumor thrombus. Ann Surg Treat Res 2020; 99:8-17. [PMID: 32676477 PMCID: PMC7332322 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2020.99.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with major portal vein tumor thrombosis (mPVTT) complications were generally characterized by extremely poor prognoses. The aim of this study was to explore the role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT imaging in predicting HCC complicated by mPVTT. METHODS Five hundred one HCC patients received surgery in our hospital during November 2008 to December 2014, among which 32 patients (6.4%) were diagnosed as HCC complicated by mPVTT. Six cases were excluded for reasons of complex medical conditions, including 2 cases of salvage liver transplantation, 2 cases of re-resection, 1 case of mPVTT combined with inferior vina cava tumor thrombosis, and 1 case of residual portal vein tumor thrombosis. Ultimately, 26 cases were enrolled in this study. The maximal tumor standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was identified as a predictive factor and detected. The univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify the prognostic factors for recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) of HCC patients complicated by mPVTT. RESULTS Our results showed that the median OS was 16 months. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year cumulative OS was 55.6%, 31.7%, and 31.7%, respectively. The multivariate regression analysis revealed that SUVmax ≥ 4.65 was the only independent risk factor for RFS and OS. CONCLUSION SUVmax was an independent predictor for RFS and OS of patients suffering from both HCC and mPVTT. L ow SUVmax could serve as an effective factor for selecting candidates with low recurrence risks and for helping with improving patient survival after surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Guang Hu
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Intervention, Department of Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nan Chang, China
| | - Xue-Yin Shen
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jin-Niang Nan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi Health Career College of China, Nan Chang, China
| | - In-Gyu Kim
- Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon-Kee Yoon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sung-Yeon Hong
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Mi-Na Kim
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Bong-Wan Kim
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Wang
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Sugar Alcohols Have a Key Role in Pathogenesis of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Whole Blood and Liver Tissues. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020484. [PMID: 32092943 PMCID: PMC7072169 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The major risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are hepatitis C and B viral infections that proceed to Chronic Liver Disease (CLD). Yet, the early diagnosis and treatment of HCC are challenging because the pathogenesis of HCC is not fully defined. To better understand the onset and development of HCC, untargeted GC-TOF MS metabolomics data were acquired from resected human HCC tissues and their paired non-tumor hepatic tissues (n = 46). Blood samples of the same HCC subjects (n = 23) were compared to CLD (n = 15) and healthy control (n = 15) blood samples. The participants were recruited from the National Liver Institute in Egypt. The GC-TOF MS data yielded 194 structurally annotated compounds. The most strikingly significant alteration was found for the class of sugar alcohols that were up-regulated in blood of HCC patients compared to CLD subjects (p < 2.4 × 10−12) and CLD compared to healthy controls (p = 4.1 × 10−7). In HCC tissues, sugar alcohols were the most significant (p < 1 × 10−6) class differentiating resected HCC tissues from non-malignant hepatic tissues for all HCC patients. Alteration of sugar alcohol levels in liver tissues also defined early-stage HCC from their paired non-malignant hepatic tissues (p = 2.7 × 10−6). In blood, sugar alcohols differentiated HCC from CLD subjects with an ROC-curve of 0.875 compared to 0.685 for the classic HCC biomarker alpha-fetoprotein. Blood sugar alcohol levels steadily increased from healthy controls to CLD to early stages of HCC and finally, to late-stage HCC patients. The increase in sugar alcohol levels indicates a role of aldo-keto reductases in the pathogenesis of HCC, possibly opening novel diagnostic and therapeutic options after in-depth validation.
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Zhao L, Zhuang Y, Fu K, Chen P, Wang Y, Zhuo J, Liao X, Chen H, Lin Q. Usefulness of [ 18F]fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT for evaluating the PD-L1 status in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 47:1065-1074. [PMID: 31897588 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04654-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the relationship between [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG uptake) and PD-L1 expression and determine the usefulness of 18F-FDG PET/CT for evaluating the PD-L1 status in tumour cells (TCs) and tumour-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS We retrospectively evaluated the records of 84 eligible patients who received an initial histopathological diagnosis of NPC between December 2016 and March 2019. All tissue specimens and PET/CT images were collected prior to treatment. High PD-L1 expression in TCs and TIICs was defined as ≥ 50% of stained cells. RESULTS There was a significant difference in 18F-FDG uptake according to the PD-L1 status in TCs and TIICs. Univariate analysis showed that PD-L1 expression in TCs was associated with tumour maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) (P < 0.001), primary tumour total lesion glycolysis (TLG; P < 0.001), and T stage (P = 0.044), but not with plasma Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) load (P = 0.816), whereas PD-L1 expression in TIICs was related to SUVmax (P = 0.011), TLG (P = 0.001), T stage (P = 0.028), and plasma EBV load (P = 0.003). In multivariate logistic regression, PD-L1 expression in TCs was positively associated with SUVmax (P = 0.003) and TLG (P = 0.001), and in TIICs, negatively associated with SUVmax (P = 0.038) and plasma EBV load (P = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS 18F-FDG uptake in NPC lesions was positively correlated with PD-L1 expression in TCs and negatively correlated with PD-L1 expression in TIICs. Thus, 18F-FDG PET/CT may be useful for evaluating the PD-L1 status in patients with NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanzhen Zhuang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kaili Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
| | - Peiqiong Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuhuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianfang Zhuo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiyi Liao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
| | - Haojun Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Qin Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China.
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Targeting uptake transporters for cancer imaging and treatment. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:79-90. [PMID: 31993308 PMCID: PMC6977162 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells reprogram their gene expression to promote growth, survival, proliferation, and invasiveness. The unique expression of certain uptake transporters in cancers and their innate function to concentrate small molecular substrates in cells make them ideal targets for selective delivering imaging and therapeutic agents into cancer cells. In this review, we focus on several solute carrier (SLC) transporters known to be involved in transporting clinically used radiopharmaceutical agents into cancer cells, including the sodium/iodine symporter (NIS), norepinephrine transporter (NET), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), and monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs). The molecular and functional characteristics of these transporters are reviewed with special emphasis on their specific expressions in cancers and interaction with imaging or theranostic agents [e.g., I-123, I-131, 123I-iobenguane (mIBG), 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) and 13C pyruvate]. Current clinical applications and research areas of these transporters in cancer diagnosis and treatment are discussed. Finally, we offer our views on emerging opportunities and challenges in targeting transporters for cancer imaging and treatment. By analyzing the few clinically successful examples, we hope much interest can be garnered in cancer research towards uptake transporters and their potential applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Key Words
- CT, computed tomography
- Cancer imaging
- DDI, drug–drug interaction
- DTC, differentiated thyroid cancer
- FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administrations
- FDG, fluorodeoxyglucose
- GLUT, glucose transporter
- IAEA, the International Atomic Energy Agency
- LACC, locally advanced cervical cancer
- LAT, large amino acid transporter
- MCT, monocarboxylate transporter
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- NE, norepinephrine
- NET, norepinephrine transporter
- NIS, sodium/iodine symporter
- Neuroblastoma
- OCT, organic cation transporter
- PET, positron emission tomography
- PHEO, pheochromocytoma
- RA, retinoic acid
- RET, rearranged during transfection
- SLC, solute carrier
- SPECT, single-photon emission computed tomography
- SUV, standardized uptake value
- TFB, tetrafluoroborate
- TSH, thyroid stimulating hormones
- Thyroid cancer
- Uptake transporter
- Warburg effect
- mIBG
- mIBG, iobenguane/meta-iodobenzylguanidine
- vHL, von Hippel-Lindau
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Cox AG, Tsomides A, Yimlamai D, Hwang KL, Miesfeld J, Galli GG, Fowl BH, Fort M, Ma KY, Sullivan MR, Hosios AM, Snay E, Yuan M, Brown KK, Lien EC, Chhangawala S, Steinhauser ML, Asara JM, Houvras Y, Link B, Vander Heiden MG, Camargo FD, Goessling W. Yap regulates glucose utilization and sustains nucleotide synthesis to enable organ growth. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.2018100294. [PMID: 30348863 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018100294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway and its nuclear effector Yap regulate organ size and cancer formation. While many modulators of Hippo activity have been identified, little is known about the Yap target genes that mediate these growth effects. Here, we show that yap -/- mutant zebrafish exhibit defects in hepatic progenitor potential and liver growth due to impaired glucose transport and nucleotide biosynthesis. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal that Yap regulates expression of glucose transporter glut1, causing decreased glucose uptake and use for nucleotide biosynthesis in yap -/- mutants, and impaired glucose tolerance in adults. Nucleotide supplementation improves Yap deficiency phenotypes, indicating functional importance of glucose-fueled nucleotide biosynthesis. Yap-regulated glut1 expression and glucose uptake are conserved in mammals, suggesting that stimulation of anabolic glucose metabolism is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism by which the Hippo pathway controls organ growth. Together, our results reveal a central role for Hippo signaling in glucose metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Cox
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allison Tsomides
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dean Yimlamai
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katie L Hwang
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard/MIT MD-PhD Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Giorgio G Galli
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brendan H Fowl
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Fort
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly Y Ma
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark R Sullivan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aaron M Hosios
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Erin Snay
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Min Yuan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristin K Brown
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evan C Lien
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sagar Chhangawala
- Weill Cornell Medical College and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew L Steinhauser
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John M Asara
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yariv Houvras
- Weill Cornell Medical College and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian Link
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fernando D Camargo
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wolfram Goessling
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA .,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Kaida H, Azuma K, Kawahara A, Sadashima E, Hattori S, Takamori S, Akiba J, Fujimoto K, Rominger A, Murakami T, Ishii K, Ishibashi M. The assessment of correlation and prognosis among 18F-FDG uptake parameters, Glut1, pStat1 and pStat3 in surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer patients. Oncotarget 2018; 9:31971-31984. [PMID: 30174790 PMCID: PMC6112832 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction To assess the correlation among 18F-FDG uptake, Glut1, pStat1 and pStat3, and to investigate the relationship between the prognosis and 18F-FDG uptake and these molecular markers in surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Results Knockdown of Glut1 led to a significant increase in pStat1 expression. Glut1 expression positively correlated with the SUVmax, SUVmean, and TLG significantly (P<0.001). pStat3 expression negatively correlated with all PET parameters significantly (P<0.001). pStat1 had positive weak correlations with the SUVmax and SUVmean. All PET parameters and Glut1 were significantly associated with DFS (P<0.05). TLG, MTV, Glut1 and pStat1 were significantly associated with OS (P<0.05). Conclusion pStat3 and Glut1 may be associated with 18F-FDG uptake mechanism. TLG, MTV, and Glut1 may be independent prognostic factors. Methods The SUVmax, SUVmean, MTV and TLG of primary lesions were calculated in 140 patients. The expressions of Glut1 and Stat pathway proteins in NSCLC cell lines were examined by immune blots. Excised tumor tissue was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. OS and DFS were evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method. The difference in survival between subgroups was analyzed by log-rank test. The prognostic significance of clinicopathological, molecular and PET parameters was assessed by Cox proportional hazard regression analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Kaida
- Department of Radiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Azuma
- Division of Respirology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kawahara
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eiji Sadashima
- Life Science, Saga-Ken Medical Centre Koseikan, Saga, Saga, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hattori
- Department of Biomedical Statistics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinzo Takamori
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Akiba
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kiminori Fujimoto
- Department of Radiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Axel Rominger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Takamichi Murakami
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kazunari Ishii
- Department of Radiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ishibashi
- Department of Radiology, Fukuoka Tokushukai Medical Center, Kasuga, Fukuoka, Japan
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13
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Hamann I, Krys D, Glubrecht D, Bouvet V, Marshall A, Vos L, Mackey JR, Wuest M, Wuest F. Expression and function of hexose transporters GLUT1, GLUT2, and GLUT5 in breast cancer—effects of hypoxia. FASEB J 2018; 32:5104-5118. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800360r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrit Hamann
- Department of OncologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Daniel Krys
- Department of OncologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Darryl Glubrecht
- Department of OncologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Vincent Bouvet
- Department of OncologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Alison Marshall
- Department of OncologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Larissa Vos
- Department of OncologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - John R. Mackey
- Department of OncologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Melinda Wuest
- Department of OncologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Frank Wuest
- Department of OncologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
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14
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Shangguan C, Gan G, Zhang J, Wu J, Miao Y, Zhang M, Li B, Mi J. Cancer-associated fibroblasts enhance tumor 18F-FDG uptake and contribute to the intratumor heterogeneity of PET-CT. Theranostics 2018; 8:1376-1388. [PMID: 29507627 PMCID: PMC5835943 DOI: 10.7150/thno.22717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Elevated glucose uptake is a hallmark of cancer. Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake was believed to indicate the aggressiveness of tumors and the standardized uptake value (SUV) is a well-known measurement for FDG uptake in positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT). However, the SUV is variable due to the heterogeneity of tumors. Methods: 126 patients with colorectal cancer underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT scanning before surgery between Jan 2011 and April 2016. Cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) densities were calculated with the inForm Advanced image analysis software and were comparatively analyzed between patients with high and low maximum SUV (SUVmax-high and SUVmax-low). Glucose uptake was evaluated in induced and isolated CAFs and CAF-cocultured colon cancer HCT116 cells. Moreover, micro-PET/CT was performed on xenografted tumors and autoradiography was performed in the AOM/DSS induced colon cancer model. Results: CAFs were glycolytic, evidenced by glucose uptake and upregulated HK2 expression. Compared to non-activated fibroblasts (NAFs), CAFs were more dependent on glucose and sensitive to a glycolysis inhibitor. CAFs increased the SUVmax in xenograft tumors and spontaneous colon cancers. Moreover, multivariate analysis revealed that the SUVmax was only associated with tumor size among conventional parameters in colon cancer patients (126 cases, p = 0.009). Besides tumor size, the CAF density was the critical factor associated with SUVmax and outcome, which was 2.27 ± 0.74 and 1.68 ± 0.45 in the SUVmax-high and the SUVmax-low groups, respectively (p = 0.014). Conclusion: CAFs promote tumor progression and increase SUVmax of 18F-FDG, suggesting CAFs lead to the intratumor heterogeneity of the SUV and the SUVmax is a prognostic marker for cancer patients.
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15
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Aboushousha T, Mamdouh S, Hamdy H, Helal N, Khorshed F, Safwat G, Seleem M. Immunohistochemical and Biochemical Expression Patterns of TTF-1, RAGE, GLUT-1 and SOX2 in HCV-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinomas. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:219-227. [PMID: 29373917 PMCID: PMC5844622 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.1.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the expression of TTF-1, RAGE, GLUT1 and SOX2 in HCV-associated HCCs and in surrounding non-tumorous liver tissue. Material and Methods: Tissue material from partial hepatectomy cases for HCC along with corresponding serum samples and 30 control serum samples from healthy volunteers were studied. Biopsies were classified into: non-tumor hepatic tissue (36 sections); HCC (33 sections) and liver cell dysplasia (LCD) (15 sections). All cases were positive for HCV. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), gene extraction and quantitative real-time reverse-transcription assays (qRT-PCR) were applied. Results: By IHC, LCD and HCC showed significantly high percentages of positive cases with all markers. SOX2 showed significant increase with higher HCC grades, while RAGE demonstrated an inverse relation and GLUT-1 and TTF-1 lacked any correlation. In nontumorous-HCV tissue, we found significantly high TTF-1, low RAGE and negative SOX2 expression. RAGE, GLUT-1 and SOX2 show non-significant elevation positivity in high grade HCV compared to low grade lesions. TTF-1, RAGE and SOX2 exhibited low expression in cirrhosis compared to fibrosis. Biochemical studies on serum and tissue extracts revealed significant down-regulation of RAGE, GLUT-1 and SOX2 genes, as well as significant up-regulation of the TTF-1 gene in HCC cases compared to controls. All studied genes show significant correlation with HCC grade. In non-tumor tissue, only TTF-1 gene expression had a significant correlation with the fibrosis score. Conclusion: Higher expression of TTF-1, RAGE, GLUT-1 and SOX2 in HCC and dysplasia compared to non-tumor tissues indicates up-regulation of these markers as early events during the development of HCV-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Aboushousha
- Pathology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt.
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16
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Zhang W, Tong D, Liu F, Li D, Li J, Cheng X, Wang Z. RPS7 inhibits colorectal cancer growth via decreasing HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis. Oncotarget 2016; 7:5800-14. [PMID: 26735579 PMCID: PMC4868722 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal protein S7 (RPS7) acts as a tumor suppressor in primary tumorigenesis but its role in cancer metabolism remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that RPS7 inhibits the colorectal cancer (CRC) cell glycolysis by suppressing the expression of hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1α (HIF-1α) and the metabolic promoting proteins glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB). Further study found that the enhanced expression of HIF-1α abrogates the overexpression effects of RPS7 on CRC. In vivo assays also demonstrate that RPS7 suppresses colorectal cancer tumorigenesis and glycolysis. Clinically, the tissue microarray (TMA) analysis discloses the negative regulatory association between RPS7 and HIF-1α in colorectal cancer. Meanwhile, overexpression of RPS7 in colorectal cancer tissues predicts good overall survival and progression-free survival, but high expression level of HIF-1α indicates poor overall survival and progression-free survival. Overall, we reveal that RPS7 inhibits colorectal cancer glycolysis through HIF-1α-associated signaling and may be a promising biomarker for prognosis prediction and a potential target for therapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Cancer Institute and Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Duo Tong
- Cancer Institute and Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dawei Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ziliang Wang
- Cancer Institute and Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Gynecological Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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17
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Liu J, Ren H, Liu B, Zhang Q, Li M, Zhu R. Diosmetin inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by regulating autophagy via the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:4385-4392. [PMID: 28101201 PMCID: PMC5228182 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is a type of malignant tumor, is the fifth most common cancer in men and ninth in women worldwide. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antitumor effect of diosmetin (DIOS) in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. The proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy rates of HepG2 cells were measured following treatment with DIOS. The effects of DIOS treatment on HepG2 cell proliferation and apoptosis rates were analyzed using MTT assays and Annexin V staining, respectively. The effect of DIOS treatment on autophagy levels was assessed using transmission electron microscopy, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain (LC3) transfection and LysoTracker Red staining. Furthermore, bafilomycin A1 (BA1), an autophagy inhibitor, was used to assess the association between DIOS and cell autophagy, proliferation and apoptosis. In addition, the expression of autophagy-related proteins [mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, P70S6K, phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase and Akt] and apoptosis-related proteins [B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2-associated X protein, Bak, p53, Bcl-2 and caspase-3] were analyzed by western blotting. The results revealed that DIOS significantly inhibited proliferation (P<0.01) and induced apoptosis (P<0.001) in HepG2 cells. It was also demonstrated that DIOS triggered autophagy by regulating the mTOR pathway in HepG2 cells. Notably, following treatment of HepG2 cells with the autophagy inhibitor, BA1, the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, including Bax, Bak and p53, were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and cell viability was recovered to a certain extent. In conclusion, DIOS inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells via regulation of the mTOR pathway. Thus, the results of the current study indicate that DIOS may present a potential therapeutic agent for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Hao Ren
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Mingyi Li
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Runzhi Zhu
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
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18
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Chouhan S, Singh S, Athavale D, Ramteke P, Pandey V, Joseph J, Mohan R, Shetty PK, Bhat MK. Glucose induced activation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma is regulated by DKK4. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27558. [PMID: 27272409 PMCID: PMC4897783 DOI: 10.1038/srep27558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated glycemic index, an important feature of diabetes is implicated in an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this association are relatively less explored. Present study investigates the effect of hyperglycemia over HCC proliferation. We observed that high glucose culture condition (HG) specifically activates canonical Wnt signaling in HCC cells, which is mediated by suppression of DKK4 (a Wnt antagonist) expression and enhanced β-catenin level. Functional assays demonstrated that a normoglycemic culture condition (NG) maintains constitutive expression of DKK4, which controls HCC proliferation rate by suppressing canonical Wnt signaling pathway. HG diminishes DKK4 expression leading to loss of check at G0/G1/S phases of the cell cycle thereby enhancing HCC proliferation, in a β-catenin dependent manner. Interestingly, in NOD/SCID mice supplemented with high glucose, HepG2 xenografted tumors grew rapidly in which elevated levels of β-catenin, c-Myc and decreased levels of DKK4 were detected. Knockdown of DKK4 by shRNA promotes proliferation of HCC cells in NG, which is suppressed by treating cells exogenously with recombinant DKK4 protein. Our in vitro and in vivo results indicate an important functional role of DKK4 in glucose facilitated HCC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Chouhan
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune-411 007, India
| | - Snahlata Singh
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune-411 007, India
| | - Dipti Athavale
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune-411 007, India
| | - Pranay Ramteke
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune-411 007, India
| | - Vimal Pandey
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune-411 007, India.,Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Hyderabad Central University, Hyderabad-500 046, India
| | - Jomon Joseph
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune-411 007, India
| | - Rajashekar Mohan
- Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad-580009, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Shetty
- Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad-580009, Karnataka, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Bhat
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune-411 007, India
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19
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Apostolova I, Wedel F, Brenner W. Imaging of Tumor Metabolism Using Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Recent Results Cancer Res 2016; 207:177-205. [PMID: 27557539 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42118-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imaging employing PET/CT enables in vivo visualization, characterization, and measurement of biologic processes in tumors at a molecular and cellular level. Using specific metabolic tracers, information about the integrated function of multiple transporters and enzymes involved in tumor metabolic pathways can be depicted, and the tracers can be directly applied as biomarkers of tumor biology. In this review, we discuss the role of F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) as an in vivo glycolytic marker which reflects alterations of glucose metabolism in cancer cells. This functional molecular imaging technique offers a complementary approach to anatomic imaging such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and has found widespread application as a diagnostic modality in oncology to monitor tumor biology, optimize the therapeutic management, and guide patient care. Moreover, emerging methods for PET imaging of further biologic processes relevant to cancer are reviewed, with a focus on tumor hypoxia and aberrant tumor perfusion. Hypoxic tumors are associated with poor disease control and increased resistance to cytotoxic and radiation treatment. In vivo imaging of hypoxia, perfusion, and mismatch of metabolism and perfusion has the potential to identify specific features of tumor microenvironment associated with poor treatment outcome and, thus, contribute to personalized treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivayla Apostolova
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical School, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg A.ö.R., Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Florian Wedel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medicine Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Winfried Brenner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medicine Charité, Berlin, Germany.
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