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Lavis P, Bondue B, Cardozo AK. The Dual Role of Chemerin in Lung Diseases. Cells 2024; 13:171. [PMID: 38247862 PMCID: PMC10814516 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemerin is an atypical chemokine first described as a chemoattractant agent for monocytes, natural killer cells, plasmacytoid and myeloid dendritic cells, through interaction with its main receptor, the G protein-coupled receptor chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1). Chemerin has been studied in various lung disease models, showing both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties. Given the incidence and burden of inflammatory lung diseases from diverse origins (infectious, autoimmune, age-related, etc.), chemerin has emerged as an interesting therapeutical target due to its immunomodulatory role. However, as highlighted by this review, further research efforts to elucidate the mechanisms governing chemerin's dual pro- and anti-inflammatory characteristics are urgently needed. Moreover, although a growing body of evidence suggests chemerin as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and/or prognosis of inflammatory lung diseases, this review underscores the necessity for standardizing both sampling types and measurement techniques before drawing definitive conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philomène Lavis
- Department of Pathology, Brussels University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium;
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (I.R.I.B.H.M.), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Benjamin Bondue
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (I.R.I.B.H.M.), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium;
- Department of Pneumology, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alessandra Kupper Cardozo
- Inflammation and Cell Death Signalling Group, Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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Noppes K, Groß S, Hannemann A, Markus MRP, Bahls M, Völzke H, Dörr M, Nauck M, Friedrich N, Zylla S. Association of plasma chemerin with all-cause and disease-specific mortality - results from a population-based study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:956-962. [PMID: 37491533 PMCID: PMC10511313 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01342-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Various cross-sectional studies have observed an association between high circulating concentrations of the adipokine chemerin and an unfavorable metabolic profile. However, the prognostic value of chemerin for the risk of associated diseases and mortality was examined only in a few studies mostly using small and highly selected patient populations. We aimed to analyze the association between plasma chemerin concentrations and all-cause as well as cause-specific mortality in the general population. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS From the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP), participants of two independent cohorts (SHIP-START-1 [n = 3037], SHIP-TREND-0 [n = 4193]) were followed up for 15 and 9 years (median), respectively. The association between plasma chemerin and all-cause mortality was analyzed using multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models. Additionally, cause-specific hazards for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality were modeled considering competing events. RESULTS A total number of 507 and 208 deaths occurred during follow-up in SHIP-START-1 and SHIP-TREND-0, respectively. Multivariable regression analyses revealed a significant association between high plasma chemerin concentrations and greater overall mortality that was independent of major confounders. Each 30 ng/mL increase in chemerin was associated with a 17% higher risk of all-cause mortality (95%-confidence interval: 1.10-1.26). Cause-specific analyses further showed that the chemerin concentration was significantly associated with cancer mortality but not with CVD mortality. CONCLUSION The present study detected a positive association between plasma chemerin concentrations and all-cause mortality in a large population-based study sample. Cause-specific analyses have shown that chemerin is likely to play a decisive role in cancer-related deaths. However, a direct association with cardiovascular mortality could not be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Noppes
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Groß
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anke Hannemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcello R P Markus
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZD (German Center for Diabetes Research), site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Bahls
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZD (German Center for Diabetes Research), site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcus Dörr
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nele Friedrich
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephanie Zylla
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
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Verras GI, Tchabashvili L, Chlorogiannis DD, Mulita F, Argentou MI. Updated Clinical Evidence on the Role of Adipokines and Breast Cancer: A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051572. [PMID: 36900364 PMCID: PMC10000674 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the recent leaps in medicine, the landscape of our knowledge regarding adipose tissue has changed dramatically: it is now widely regarded as a fully functional endocrine organ. In addition, evidence from observational studies has linked the pathogenesis of diseases like breast cancer with adipose tissue and mainly with the adipokines that are secreted in its microenvironment, with the catalog continuously expanding. Examples include leptin, visfatin, resistin, osteopontin, and more. This review aims to encapsulate the current clinical evidence concerning major adipokines and their link with breast cancer oncogenesis. Overall, there have been numerous meta-analyses that contribute to the current clinical evidence, however more targeted larger-scale clinical studies are still expected to solidify their clinical utility in BC prognosis and reliability as follow-up markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios-Ioannis Verras
- Breast Unit, Department of General Surgery, General University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece
- Correspondence: (G.-I.V.); (F.M.)
| | - Levan Tchabashvili
- Breast Unit, Department of General Surgery, General University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece
| | | | - Francesk Mulita
- Breast Unit, Department of General Surgery, General University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece
- Correspondence: (G.-I.V.); (F.M.)
| | - Maria-Ioanna Argentou
- Breast Unit, Department of General Surgery, General University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece
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Kim K, Lee J, Lee JY, Yong SH, Kim EY, Jung JY, Kang YA, Park MS, Kim YS, Oh CM, Lee SH. Clinical features and molecular genetics associated with brain metastasis in suspected early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1148475. [PMID: 37139160 PMCID: PMC10150586 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1148475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Regarding whether brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should be routine in patients with suspected early-stage lung cancer, guideline recommendations are inconsistent. Therefore, we performed this study to evaluate the incidence of and risk factors for brain metastasis (BM) in patients with suspected early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods A review of the medical charts of consecutive NSCLC patients diagnosed between January 2006 and May 2020 was performed. We identified 1,382 NSCLC patients with clinical staging of T1/2aN0M0 (excluding BM), and investigated the incidence, clinical predictors, and prognosis of BM in the cohort. We also performed RNA-sequencing differential expression analysis using transcriptome of 8 patients, using DESeq2 package (version 1.32.0) with R (version 4.1.0). Results Among 1,382 patients, nine hundred forty-nine patients (68.7%) underwent brain MRI during staging, and 34 patients (3.6%) were shown to have BM. Firth's bias-reduced logistic regression showed that tumor size (OR 1.056; 95% CI 1.009-1.106, p=0.018) was the only predictor of BM, and pathologic type was not a predictor of BM in our cohort (p>0.05). The median overall survival for patients with brain metastasis was 5.5 years, which is better than previously reported in the literature. RNA-sequencing differential expression analysis revealed the top 10 significantly upregulated genes and top 10 significantly downregulated genes. Among the genes involved in BM, Unc-79 homolog, non-selective sodium leak channel (NALCN) channel complex subunit (UNC79) was the most highly expressed gene in the lung adenocarcinoma tissues from the BM group, and an in vitro assay using A549 cells revealed that the NALCN inhibitor suppressed lung cancer cell proliferation and migration. Conclusions Given the incidence and favorable outcome of BM in patients with suspected early-stage NSCLC, selective screening with brain MRI may be considered, especially in patients with high-risk features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangjoon Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jibeom Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Yong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ye Jung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ae Kang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo Suk Park
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sam Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Myung Oh
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Chang-Myung Oh, ; Sang Hoon Lee,
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Chang-Myung Oh, ; Sang Hoon Lee,
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Al Delbany D, Robert V, Dubois-Vedrenne I, Del Prete A, Vernimmen M, Radi A, Lefort A, Libert F, Wittamer V, Sozzani S, Parmentier M. Expression of CCRL2 Inhibits Tumor Growth by Concentrating Chemerin and Inhibiting Neoangiogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13195000. [PMID: 34638484 PMCID: PMC8508266 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13195000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chemerin is a multifunctional protein regulating inflammation, immune responses, and metabolism. It was also shown to display anti-tumoral properties in various cancer models. CMKLR1 is the main functional receptor of chemerin. C-C motif chemokine receptor-like 2 (CCRL2) is another receptor binding chemerin with high affinity but failing to signal through any known signaling pathway. CCRL2 is strongly upregulated by inflammatory signals and was shown to regulate inflammatory reactions in diverse pathological conditions. Expression of CCRL2 was described in many types of human tumors such as melanoma, neuroblastoma, prostate, breast, and gastric cancer. However, its functional role in cancer has not been studied much so far. We investigate in this study how CCRL2 expression can influence the distribution of chemerin and thereby its biological activity in different tumoral contexts. Abstract CCRL2 belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor family and is one of the three chemerin receptors. It is considered as a non-signaling receptor, presenting chemerin to cells expressing the functional chemerin receptor ChemR23/CMKLR1 and possibly GPR1. In the present work, we investigate the role played by CCRL2 in mouse cancer models. Loss of function of Ccrl2 accelerated the development of papillomas in a chemical model of skin carcinogenesis (DMBA/TPA), whereas the growth of B16 and LLC tumor cell grafts was delayed. Delayed tumor growth was also observed when B16 and LLC cells overexpress CCRL2, while knockout of Ccrl2 in tumor cells reversed the consequences of Ccrl2 knockout in the host. The phenotypes associated with CCRL2 gain or loss of function were largely abrogated by knocking out the chemerin or Cmklr1 genes. Cells harboring CCRL2 could concentrate bioactive chemerin and promote the activation of CMKLR1-expressing cells. A reduction of neoangiogenesis was observed in tumor grafts expressing CCRL2, mimicking the phenotype of chemerin-expressing tumors. This study demonstrates that CCRL2 shares functional similarities with the family of atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs). Its expression by tumor cells can significantly tune the effects of the chemerin/CMKLR1 system and act as a negative regulator of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Al Delbany
- I.R.I.B.H.M and Welbio, Campus Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium; (D.A.D.); (V.R.); (I.D.-V.); (M.V.); (A.R.); (A.L.); (F.L.); (V.W.)
| | - Virginie Robert
- I.R.I.B.H.M and Welbio, Campus Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium; (D.A.D.); (V.R.); (I.D.-V.); (M.V.); (A.R.); (A.L.); (F.L.); (V.W.)
- Evotec SAS, 195 Route d’Espagne, 31036 Toulouse, France
| | - Ingrid Dubois-Vedrenne
- I.R.I.B.H.M and Welbio, Campus Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium; (D.A.D.); (V.R.); (I.D.-V.); (M.V.); (A.R.); (A.L.); (F.L.); (V.W.)
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue Adrienne Bolland 8, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Annalisa Del Prete
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center—IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Maxime Vernimmen
- I.R.I.B.H.M and Welbio, Campus Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium; (D.A.D.); (V.R.); (I.D.-V.); (M.V.); (A.R.); (A.L.); (F.L.); (V.W.)
| | - Ayoub Radi
- I.R.I.B.H.M and Welbio, Campus Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium; (D.A.D.); (V.R.); (I.D.-V.); (M.V.); (A.R.); (A.L.); (F.L.); (V.W.)
| | - Anne Lefort
- I.R.I.B.H.M and Welbio, Campus Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium; (D.A.D.); (V.R.); (I.D.-V.); (M.V.); (A.R.); (A.L.); (F.L.); (V.W.)
| | - Frédérick Libert
- I.R.I.B.H.M and Welbio, Campus Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium; (D.A.D.); (V.R.); (I.D.-V.); (M.V.); (A.R.); (A.L.); (F.L.); (V.W.)
| | - Valérie Wittamer
- I.R.I.B.H.M and Welbio, Campus Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium; (D.A.D.); (V.R.); (I.D.-V.); (M.V.); (A.R.); (A.L.); (F.L.); (V.W.)
| | - Silvano Sozzani
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Marc Parmentier
- I.R.I.B.H.M and Welbio, Campus Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium; (D.A.D.); (V.R.); (I.D.-V.); (M.V.); (A.R.); (A.L.); (F.L.); (V.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-2-55541-71
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Zhao H, Zhang X, Guo L, Shi S, Lu C. A Robust Seven-Gene Signature Associated With Tumor Microenvironment to Predict Survival Outcomes of Patients With Stage III-IV Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2021; 12:684281. [PMID: 34552612 PMCID: PMC8450538 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.684281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the relatively insidious early symptoms of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), most LUAD patients are at an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis and lose the best chance of surgical resection. Mounting evidence suggested that the tumor microenvironment (TME) was highly correlated with tumor occurrence, progress, and prognosis. However, TME in advanced LUAD remained to be studied and reliable prognostic signatures based on TME in advanced LUAD also had not been well-established. This study aimed to understand the cell composition and function of TME and construct a gene signature associated with TME in advanced LUAD. Methods The immune, stromal, and ESTIMATE scores of each sample from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were, respectively, calculated using an ESTIMATE algorithm. The LASSO and Cox regression model were applied to select prognostic genes and to construct a gene signature associated with TME. Two independent datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were used for external validation. Twenty-two subsets of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (Tiics) were analyzed using the CIBERSORT algorithm. Results Favorable overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were found in patients with high immune score (p = 0.048 and p = 0.028; respectively) and stromal score (p = 0.024 and p = 0.025; respectively). Based on the immune and stromal scores, 453 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Using the LASSO and Cox regression model, a seven-gene signature containing AFAP1L2, CAMK1D, LOXL2, PIK3CG, PLEKHG1, RARRES2, and SPP1 was identified to construct a risk stratification model. The OS and PFS of the high-risk group were significantly worse than that of the low-risk group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001; respectively). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis confirmed the good potency of the seven-gene signature. Similar findings were validated in two independent cohorts. In addition, the proportion of macrophages M2 and Tregs was higher in high-risk patients (p = 0.041 and p = 0.022, respectively). Conclusion Our study established and validated a seven-gene signature associated with TME, which might serve as a prognosis stratification tool to predict survival outcomes of advanced LUAD patients. In addition, macrophages M2 polarization may lead to worse prognosis in patients with advanced LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhao
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuening Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songhe Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ciyong Lu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Dubois-Vedrenne I, Al Delbany D, De Henau O, Robert V, Vernimmen M, Langa F, Lefort A, Libert F, Wittamer V, Parmentier M. The antitumoral effects of chemerin are independent from leukocyte recruitment and mediated by inhibition of neoangiogenesis. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1903-1919. [PMID: 34548907 PMCID: PMC8448509 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemerin, a multifunctional protein acting through the receptor ChemR23/CMKLR1, is downregulated in various human tumors and was shown to display antitumoral properties in mouse models of cancer. In the present study, we report that bioactive chemerin expression by tumor cells delays the growth of B16 melanoma and Lewis lung carcinoma in vivo. A similar delay is observed when chemerin is not expressed by tumor cells but by keratinocytes of the host mice. The protective effect of chemerin is mediated by CMKLR1 and appears unrelated to the recruitment of leukocyte populations. Rather, tumors grown in the presence of chemerin display a much smaller number of blood vessels, hypoxic regions early in their development, and larger necrotic areas. These observations likely explain the slower growth of the tumors. The anti-angiogenic effects of chemerin were confirmed in a bead sprouting assay using human umbilical vein endothelial cells. These results suggest that CMKLR1 agonists might constitute therapeutic molecules inhibiting the neoangiogenesis process in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Dubois-Vedrenne
- I.R.I.B.H.M and Welbio, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium.,Present address: Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Diana Al Delbany
- I.R.I.B.H.M and Welbio, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier De Henau
- I.R.I.B.H.M and Welbio, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium.,Present address: iTeos Therapeutics, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Virginie Robert
- I.R.I.B.H.M and Welbio, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium.,Present address: Ambiotis SAS, Canal Biotech 2, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Maxime Vernimmen
- I.R.I.B.H.M and Welbio, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Francina Langa
- Centre d'Ingénierie Génétique Murine, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Anne Lefort
- I.R.I.B.H.M and Welbio, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frédérick Libert
- I.R.I.B.H.M and Welbio, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valérie Wittamer
- I.R.I.B.H.M and Welbio, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc Parmentier
- I.R.I.B.H.M and Welbio, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
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Domagala J, Lachota M, Klopotowska M, Graczyk-Jarzynka A, Domagala A, Zhylko A, Soroczynska K, Winiarska M. The Tumor Microenvironment-A Metabolic Obstacle to NK Cells' Activity. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123542. [PMID: 33260925 PMCID: PMC7761432 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
NK cells have unique capabilities of recognition and destruction of tumor cells, without the requirement for prior immunization of the host. Maintaining tolerance to healthy cells makes them an attractive therapeutic tool for almost all types of cancer. Unfortunately, metabolic changes associated with malignant transformation and tumor progression lead to immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment, which in turn limits the efficacy of various immunotherapies. In this review, we provide a brief description of the metabolic changes characteristic for the tumor microenvironment. Both tumor and tumor-associated cells produce and secrete factors that directly or indirectly prevent NK cell cytotoxicity. Here, we depict the molecular mechanisms responsible for the inhibition of immune effector cells by metabolic factors. Finally, we summarize the strategies to enhance NK cell function for the treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Domagala
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (J.D.); (A.G.-J.); (A.Z.); (K.S.)
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mieszko Lachota
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland; (M.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Marta Klopotowska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland; (M.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Graczyk-Jarzynka
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (J.D.); (A.G.-J.); (A.Z.); (K.S.)
| | - Antoni Domagala
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, 25-317 Kielce, Poland;
- Department of Urology, Holy Cross Cancer Center, 25-734 Kielce, Poland
| | - Andriy Zhylko
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (J.D.); (A.G.-J.); (A.Z.); (K.S.)
| | - Karolina Soroczynska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (J.D.); (A.G.-J.); (A.Z.); (K.S.)
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Winiarska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (J.D.); (A.G.-J.); (A.Z.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-225-992-199
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9
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Treeck O, Buechler C. Chemerin Signaling in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113085. [PMID: 33105894 PMCID: PMC7690612 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Treeck
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics I, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
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10
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Tahmasebpour N, Abdolahi S, Ranjbar M, Tayefeh Gholami S, Pouladi N, Olad Saheb Madarek E. Association of the 7q36.1 region gene variant rs4721 with risk of breast cancer in Iranian-Azeri population. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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11
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Chemerin: A Potential Regulator of Inflammation and Metabolism for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Pulmonary Rehabilitation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4574509. [PMID: 32337250 PMCID: PMC7166297 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4574509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) features chronic inflammatory reactions of both intra- and extrapulmonary nature. Moreover, COPD is associated with abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism in patients, which influences the prognosis and chronicity of this disease. Abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism are also closely related to inflammation processes. Further insights into the interactions of inflammation and glucose and lipid metabolism might therefore inspire novel therapeutic interventions to promote lung rehabilitation. Chemerin, as a recently discovered adipokine, has been shown to play a role in inflammatory response and glucose and lipid metabolism in many diseases (including COPD). Chemerin recruits inflammatory cells to sites of inflammation during the early stages of COPD, leading to endothelial barrier dysfunction, early vascular remodeling, and angiogenesis. Moreover, it supports the recruitment of antigen-presenting cells that guide immune cells as part of the body's inflammatory responses. Chemerin also regulates metabolism via activation of its cognate receptors. Glucose homeostasis is affected via effects on insulin secretion and sensitivity, and lipid metabolism is changed by increased transformation of preadipocytes to mature adipocytes through chemerin-binding receptors. Controlling chemerin signaling may be a promising approach to improve various aspects of COPD-related dysfunction. Importantly, several studies indicate that chemerin expression in vivo is influenced by exercise. Although available evidence is still limited, therapeutic alterations of chemerin activity may be a promising target of therapeutic approaches aimed at the rehabilitation of COPD patients based on exercises. In conclusion, chemerin plays an essential role in COPD, especially in the inflammatory responses and metabolism, and has a potential to become a target for, and a biomarker of, curative mechanisms underlying exercise-mediated lung rehabilitation.
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12
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More Than an Adipokine: The Complex Roles of Chemerin Signaling in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194778. [PMID: 31561459 PMCID: PMC6801800 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemerin is widely recognized as an adipokine, with diverse biological roles in cellular differentiation and metabolism, as well as a leukocyte chemoattractant. Research investigating the role of chemerin in the obesity-cancer relationship has provided evidence both for pro- and anti-cancer effects. The tumor-promoting effects of chemerin primarily involve direct effects on migration, invasion, and metastasis as well as growth and proliferation of cancer cells. Chemerin can also promote tumor growth via the recruitment of tumor-supporting mesenchymal stromal cells and stimulation of angiogenesis pathways in endothelial cells. In contrast, the majority of evidence supports that the tumor-suppressing effects of chemerin are immune-mediated and result in a shift from immunosuppressive to immunogenic cell populations within the tumor microenvironment. Systemic chemerin and chemerin produced within the tumor microenvironment may contribute to these effects via signaling through CMKLR1 (chemerin1), GPR1 (chemerin2), and CCLR2 on target cells. As such, inhibition or activation of chemerin signaling could be beneficial as a therapeutic approach depending on the type of cancer. Additional studies are required to determine if obesity influences cancer initiation or progression through increased adipose tissue production of chemerin and/or altered chemerin processing that leads to changes in chemerin signaling in the tumor microenvironment.
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13
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Abstract
Chemerin is a multifunctional adipokine with established roles in inflammation, adipogenesis and glucose homeostasis. Increasing evidence suggest an important function of chemerin in cancer. Chemerin's main cellular receptors, chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1), G-protein coupled receptor 1 (GPR1) and C-C chemokine receptor-like 2 (CCRL2) are expressed in most normal and tumor tissues. Chemerin's role in cancer is considered controversial, since it is able to exert both anti-tumoral and tumor-promoting effects, which are mediated by different mechanisms like recruiting innate immune defenses or activation of endothelial angiogenesis. For this review article, original research articles on the role of chemerin and its receptors in cancer were considered, which are listed in the PubMed database. Additionally, we included meta-analyses of publicly accessible DNA microarray data to elucidate the association of expression of chemerin and its receptors in tumor tissues with patients' survival.
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14
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Pachynski RK, Wang P, Salazar N, Zheng Y, Nease L, Rosalez J, Leong WI, Virdi G, Rennier K, Shin WJ, Nguyen V, Butcher EC, Zabel BA. Chemerin Suppresses Breast Cancer Growth by Recruiting Immune Effector Cells Into the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2019; 10:983. [PMID: 31139180 PMCID: PMC6518384 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Infiltration of immune cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME) can regulate growth and survival of neoplastic cells, impacting tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Correlations between the number of effector immune cells present in a tumor and clinical outcomes in many human tumors, including breast, have been widely described. Current immunotherapies utilizing checkpoint inhibitors or co-stimulatory molecule agonists aim to activate effector immune cells. However, tumors often lack adequate effector cell numbers within the TME, resulting in suboptimal responses to these agents. Chemerin (RARRES2) is a leukocyte chemoattractant widely expressed in many tissues and is known to recruit innate leukocytes. CMKLR1 is a chemotactic cellular receptor for chemerin and is expressed on subsets of dendritic cells, NK cells, and macrophages. We have previously shown that chemerin acts as a tumor suppressive cytokine in mouse melanoma models by recruiting innate immune defenses into the TME. Chemerin/RARRES2 is down-regulated in many tumors, including breast, compared to normal tissue counterparts. Here, using a syngeneic orthotopic EMT6 breast carcinoma model, we show that forced overexpression of chemerin by tumor cells results in significant recruitment of NK cells and T cells within the TME. While chemerin secretion by EMT6 cells did not alter their phenotypic behavior in vitro, it did significantly suppress tumor growth in vivo. To define the cellular effectors required for this anti-tumor phenotype, we depleted NK cells or CD8+ T cells and found that either cell type is required for chemerin-dependent suppression of EMT6 tumor growth. Finally, we show significantly reduced levels of RARRES2 mRNA in human breast cancer samples compared to matched normal tissues. Thus, for the first time we have shown that increasing chemerin expression within the breast carcinoma TME can suppress growth by recruitment of NK and T cells, thereby supporting this approach as a promising immunotherapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell K Pachynski
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Ping Wang
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Nicole Salazar
- Department of Research and Development, Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Yayue Zheng
- Department of Research and Development, Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Leona Nease
- Department of Research and Development, Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Jesse Rosalez
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, San José State University, San José, CA, United States
| | | | - Gurpal Virdi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Keith Rennier
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Woo Jae Shin
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Viet Nguyen
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Eugene C Butcher
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, VA Palo Alto Health Care Systems, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Brian A Zabel
- Department of Research and Development, Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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15
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Shin WJ, Zabel BA, Pachynski RK. Mechanisms and Functions of Chemerin in Cancer: Potential Roles in Therapeutic Intervention. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2772. [PMID: 30555465 PMCID: PMC6283908 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemerin [RARRES2 [retinoic acid receptor responder 2], TIG2 [tazarotene induced gene 2 (TIG2)]] is a multifunctional cytokine initially described in skin cultures upon exposure to the synthetic retinoid tazarotene. Its secreted pro-form, prochemerin, is widely expressed, found systemically, and is readily converted into active chemerin by various proteases. Subsequent studies elucidated major roles of chemerin as both a leukocyte chemoattractant as well as an adipokine. Chemerin's main chemotactic receptor, the G-protein coupled receptor CMKLR1, is expressed on macrophages, dendritic, and NK cells. With respect to its role in immunology, chemerin mediates trafficking of these cells to sites of inflammation along its concentration gradient, and likely helps coordinate early responses, as it has been shown to have antimicrobial and angiogenic properties, as well. Recently, there has been mounting evidence that chemerin is an important factor in various cancers. As with its role in immune responses-where it can act as both a pro- and anti-inflammatory mediator-the potential functions or correlations chemerin has in or with cancer appears to be context dependent. Most studies, however, suggest a downregulation or loss of chemerin/RARRES2 in malignancies compared to the normal tissue counterparts. Here, we perform a comprehensive review of the literature to date and summarize relevant findings in order to better define the roles of chemerin in the setting of the tumor microenvironment and tumor immune responses, with an ultimate focus on the potential for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Jae Shin
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Brian A. Zabel
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research (PAVIR), VA Palo Alto Health Care Systems (VAPAHCS), Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Russell K. Pachynski
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology & Immunotherapy Programs (CHiiPs), St. Louis, MO, United States
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16
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Xu CH, Yang Y, Wang YC, Yan J, Qian LH. Prognostic significance of serum chemerin levels in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:22483-22489. [PMID: 28160556 PMCID: PMC5410238 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemerin plays an important role in adipogenesis and chemotaxis of the innate immune system. The aim of this study was to explore the significance and prognostic value of serum chemerin levels in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Serum specimens from 189 NSCLC patients and 120 healthy controls were collected. The levels of serum chemerin were measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The serum chemerin levels were significantly elevated in NSCLC patients compared with healthy controls (P < 0.001). Higher serum chemerin levels were associated with advanced TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis. Area under receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) for serum chemerin was 0.809 (95% CI: 0.722–0.896) at a sensitivity of 0.624 and of specificity 0.675. The cut-off value of chemerin was 1500 pg/ml for discriminating NSCLC from healthy controls. Kaplan-Meier log rank analysis revealed that the higher serum chemerin patients had a shorter overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) compared with lower chemerin patients (P = 0.004, P = 0.001, respectively). Further univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that serum chemerin was an independent risk factor of prognosis of NSCLC patients. In conclusion, measurement of chemerin might be a useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hua Xu
- Endoscopic Center of Nanjing Chest Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.,Clinical Center of Nanjing Respiratory Diseases and Imaging, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211100, China
| | - Yu-Chao Wang
- Endoscopic Center of Nanjing Chest Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.,Clinical Center of Nanjing Respiratory Diseases and Imaging, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jun Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061, China
| | - Li-Hua Qian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Pukou Central Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
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17
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Tümmler C, Snapkov I, Wickström M, Moens U, Ljungblad L, Maria Elfman LH, Winberg JO, Kogner P, Johnsen JI, Sveinbjørnsson B. Inhibition of chemerin/CMKLR1 axis in neuroblastoma cells reduces clonogenicity and cell viability in vitro and impairs tumor growth in vivo. Oncotarget 2017; 8:95135-95151. [PMID: 29221117 PMCID: PMC5707011 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cells, cytokines, and chemokines are essential in promoting a tumor supporting microenvironment. Chemerin is a chemotactic protein and a natural ligand for the receptors CMKLR1, GPR1, and CCRL2. The chemerin/CMKLR1 axis is involved in immunity and inflammation, and it has also been implicated in obesity and cancer. In neuroblastoma, a childhood tumor of the peripheral nervous system we identified correlations between high CMKLR1 and GPR1 expression and reduced overall survival probability. CMKLR1, GPR1, and chemerin RNA and protein were detected in neuroblastoma cell lines and neuroblastoma primary tumor tissue. Chemerin induced calcium mobilization, increased MMP-2 synthesis as well as MAP-kinase- and Akt-mediated signaling in neuroblastoma cells. Stimulation of neuroblastoma cells with serum, TNFα or IL-1β increased chemerin secretion. The small molecule CMKLR1 antagonist α-NETA reduced the clonogenicity and viability of neuroblastoma cell lines indicating the chemerin/CMKLR1 axis as a promoting factor in neuroblastoma tumorigenesis. Furthermore, nude mice carrying neuroblastoma SK-N-AS cells as xenografts showed impaired tumor growth when treated daily with α-NETA from day 1 after tumor cell injection. This study demonstrates the potential of the chemerin/CMKLR1 axis as a prognostic factor and possible therapeutic target in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conny Tümmler
- Molecular Inflammation Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Igor Snapkov
- Molecular Inflammation Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Malin Wickström
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ugo Moens
- Molecular Inflammation Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Linda Ljungblad
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lotta Helena Maria Elfman
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan-Olof Winberg
- Tumor Biology Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Per Kogner
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Inge Johnsen
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Baldur Sveinbjørnsson
- Molecular Inflammation Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.,Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
Currently, coronary artery disease (CAD) is considered a major ailment in humans with widespread prevalence. CAD also accounts for high mortality rates around the world that involves several known risk factors. Chemerin is a novel adipokinine that is associated with inflammation and adipogenesis. Furthermore, experimental and clinical data indicate that localized as well as circulating chemerin expression and activation are elevated in numerous metabolic and inflammatory diseases including psoriasis, obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Chemerin is accepted as being a strong marker because the serum chemerin levels are increased in a CAD condition. However, the chimeric characteristics of chemerin have not been fully investigated. Although chemerin is known to be responsible for CAD development among other factors, authors still investigate it at the marker level. This review focuses on chemerin expression, processing, biological function and relevance to human diseases, and on the role of chemerin in the maintenance of a cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan İnci
- Departmant of Cardiology, Aksaray State Hospital, Zafer mah.Nevşehir cad. no:117, Aksaray/Merkez, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Aksan
- Departmant of Cardiology, Şişli Etfal Education and Tracking Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Pınar Doğan
- Departmant of Cardiology, Aksaray State Hospital, Aksaray, Turkey
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19
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Mariani F, Roncucci L. Chemerin/chemR23 axis in inflammation onset and resolution. Inflamm Res 2014; 64:85-95. [PMID: 25548799 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-014-0792-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemerin is an adipokine secreted by adipocytes and associated with obesity, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Different chemerin fragments with pro- or anti-inflammatory action can be produced, depending on the class of proteases predominating in the microenvironment. Chemerin binds to three receptors, especially to chemR23, expressed on various cells, as dendritic cells, macrophages and natural killer cells, regulating chemotaxis towards the site of inflammation and activation status. Recently, the chemerin/chemR23 axis has attracted particular attention for the multiple roles related to the control of inflammation, metabolism and cancerogenesis in different organs and systems as lung (allergy and cancer), skin (psoriasis, lupus, cancer, wound repair), cardiovascular system (lipid profile and atherosclerosis), reproductive apparatus (polycystic ovary syndrome, follicular homoeostasis), and digestive tract (inflammatory bowel diseases and cancer). This pathway may regulate immune responses by contributing both to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases and to the resolution of acute inflammation. Thus, chemerin-derived peptides or other substances that may affect the chemerin/chemR23 axis could be used in the future for the treatment of many diseases, including cancer at different sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mariani
- Department of Diagnostic and Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Del Pozzo, 71, 41125, Modena, Italy
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20
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Zhang J, Jin HC, Zhu AK, Ying RC, Wei W, Zhang FJ. Prognostic significance of plasma chemerin levels in patients with gastric cancer. Peptides 2014; 61:7-11. [PMID: 25152503 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chemerin is a novel adipokine, which is linked to adipogenesis and chemotaxis of the innate immune system. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between preoperative plasma chemerin level and prognosis of gastric cancers. One hundred ninety-six patients and 196 age- and gender-matched healthy individuals were recruited. Fasting venous blood samples were collected 2 days prior to surgery for the gastric cancer patients and at the physical examination day for the healthy volunteers. Recorded clinicopathological information included invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, peritoneal dissemination, tumor size and tumor-node metastasis stage. Plasma chemerin levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plasma chemerin levels were statistically significantly in all patients than in healthy controls (53.1 ± 19.0 ng/mL vs. 31.3 ± 11.3 ng/mL; P < 0.001). And it was identified as an independent predictor for 5-year mortality [odds ratio (OR), 2.718; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.201-4.229; P = 0.005) and adverse event (OR, 2.982; 95% CI, 1.223-4.879; P = 0.003) of gastric cancer, and had high area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for prediction of 5-year mortality (AUC, 0.808; 95% CI, 0.745-0.860) and adverse event (AUC, 0.787; 95% CI, 0.723-0.842). It also emerged as an independent predictor for overall survival (Hazard ratios, 1.788; 95% CI, 1.200-2.663; P = 0.002) and disease-free survival (Hazard ratios, 2.016; 95% CI, 1.312-3.125; P = 0.004). Thus, our results suggest that high plasma chemerin levels are associated with long-term poor prognosis and survival of gastric cancer as well as may play a role as prognostic biomarker in gastric cancer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, The Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital, 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Hui-Cheng Jin
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, The Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital, 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - A-Kao Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, The Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital, 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Rong-Chao Ying
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, The Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital, 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, The Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital, 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Fang-Jie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, The Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital, 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou 310006, China
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21
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Wang N, Wang QJ, Feng YY, Shang W, Cai M. Overexpression of chemerin was associated with tumor angiogenesis and poor clinical outcome in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue. Clin Oral Investig 2013; 18:997-1004. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-013-1046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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