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Dong Y, Wang H, Luan F, Li Z, Cheng L. How Children Feel Matters: Teacher-Student Relationship as an Indirect Role Between Interpersonal Trust and Social Adjustment. Front Psychol 2021; 11:581235. [PMID: 33536963 PMCID: PMC7847853 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.581235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated positive correlations between children's interpersonal trust and social adjustment. However, the psychological mechanism underlying this effect is still unclear. The current study tested the indirect roles of teacher-student relationships from both students' and teachers' perspectives in a Chinese context. In total, 709 pupils from grade three to grade five, and their 17 head teachers from a Chinese public primary school participated in this study. The Children's Generalized Trust Beliefs Scale, Social Adjustment Scale for Children and Adolescents, and Teacher-Student Relationship Questionnaire were used in this study. All these variables were correlated with each other. Structural equation models showed that the interpersonal trust indirectly influenced social adjustment through the teacher-student relationship from students' perspectives, while the teacher-student relationship from teachers' perspectives did not play an indirect role. These findings suggest that the teacher-student relationship perceived by students is more important for children's social adjustment than that perceived by teachers. Both parents and teachers should pay more attention to developing children's interpersonal trust, build better teacher-student relationships, and focus more on how children feel about the relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dong
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfei Wang
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Luan
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Zheneng Li
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Li Cheng
- Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Developmental and Educational Research Center for Children's Creativity, Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Petrocchi S, Filipponi C, Antonietti C, Levante A, Lecciso F. Theory of Mind as a Mediator Between Emotional Trust Beliefs and Interpersonal Communication Competence in a Group of Young Adults. Psychol Rep 2020; 124:555-576. [PMID: 32249665 DOI: 10.1177/0033294120913489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Research has provided direct and indirect evidence of associations between trust beliefs and social-perceptual theory of mind (ToM) and between social-perceptual ToM and interpersonal communication competence during childhood and adolescence. This research (a) developed a scale for evaluating trust beliefs in young Italian adults (Study 1) and (b) examined how social-perceptual ToM mediates the relationship between emotional trust beliefs and interpersonal communication competences such as assertiveness and empathy (Study 2). In Study 1, a sample of 168 university students (M = 23.3, SD = 3 months) completed the Italian Adults' Generalized Trust Beliefs (AGTB) scale and two second-order false beliefs tasks. In Study 2, 318 Italian university students (M = 22.96 years, SD = 2 months) completed the AGTB scale, the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised questionnaire, the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test, and items measuring assertiveness and empathy. As expected, the AGTB scale exhibited acceptable internal consistency, structural validity, and construct validity. Furthermore, path analysis confirmed the existence of the hypothesized paths between adults' emotional trust beliefs, social-perceptual ToM, assertiveness, and empathy. This study also identified the effects of gender on the other variables, but sex did not moderate the relationships between variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Petrocchi
- Institute of Communication & Health, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Lab of Applied Psychology and Intervention, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.,Department of History, Society, and Human Studies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy; Lab of Applied Psychology and Intervention, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - C Filipponi
- Department of History, Society, and Human Studies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy; Lab of Applied Psychology and Intervention, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - C Antonietti
- Institute of Communication & Health, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.,Department of History, Society, and Human Studies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy; Lab of Applied Psychology and Intervention, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - A Levante
- Department of History, Society, and Human Studies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy; Lab of Applied Psychology and Intervention, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - F Lecciso
- Department of History, Society, and Human Studies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy; Lab of Applied Psychology and Intervention, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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Rotenberg KJ, Edwards K. The relation between anorexic symptoms in women and their reports of trustworthiness in interactions with close persons. Eat Behav 2017; 26:171-176. [PMID: 28407568 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The study examined the relation between women's anorexic symptoms and their reports of trustworthiness in interactions with close persons. Ninety-eight females (mean age=24years-10months) completed the anorexic symptom subscale of the SEDS and reported (ascribed) the extent to which they showed reliability, emotional, and honesty trustworthiness behaviors in interactions with their mother, father, and close friend. Negative linear relations were found between anorexic symptoms and ascribed: (a) trustworthiness with close friends; (b) reliability trustworthiness; and (c) at a trend level, honesty trustworthiness. These were qualified by curvilinear relations and by elevated anorexic vs normative group comparisons. It was found that women with elevated anorexic symptoms ascribed lower trustworthiness than did women with the normal range of anorexic symptoms. The findings were interpreted as supporting the conclusion that women with elevated levels of anorexic symptoms are inclined to believe that they are deceptive in their interactions with close persons, primarily friends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken J Rotenberg
- School of Psychology, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom.
| | - Kelley Edwards
- School of Psychology, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
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Betts LR, Spenser KA, Gardner SE. Adolescents' Involvement in Cyber Bullying and Perceptions of School: The Importance of Perceived Peer Acceptance for Female Adolescents. SEX ROLES 2017; 77:471-481. [PMID: 28979061 PMCID: PMC5596054 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-017-0742-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Young people are spending increasing amounts of time using digital technology and, as such, are at great risk of being involved in cyber bullying as a victim, bully, or bully/victim. Despite cyber bullying typically occurring outside the school environment, the impact of being involved in cyber bullying is likely to spill over to school. Fully 285 11- to 15-year-olds (125 male and 160 female, Mage = 12.19 years, SD = 1.03) completed measures of cyber bullying involvement, self-esteem, trust, perceived peer acceptance, and perceptions of the value of learning and the importance of school. For young women, involvement in cyber bullying as a victim, bully, or bully/victim negatively predicted perceptions of learning and school, and perceived peer acceptance mediated this relationship. The results indicated that involvement in cyber bullying negatively predicted perceived peer acceptance which, in turn, positively predicted perceptions of learning and school. For young men, fulfilling the bully/victim role negatively predicted perceptions of learning and school. Consequently, for young women in particular, involvement in cyber bullying spills over to impact perceptions of learning. The findings of the current study highlight how stressors external to the school environment can adversely impact young women's perceptions of school and also have implications for the development of interventions designed to ameliorate the effects of cyber bullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy R. Betts
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ UK
| | - Karin A. Spenser
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ UK
| | - Sarah E. Gardner
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ UK
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Betts LR, Rotenberg KJ, Trueman M. Young children's interpersonal trust consistency as a predictor of future school adjustment. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Betts LR, Rotenberg KJ, Petrocchi S, Lecciso F, Sakai A, Maeshiro K, Judson H. An investigation of children’s peer trust across culture: Is the composition of peer trust universal? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/0165025413505248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The components of children’s trust in same-gender peers (trust beliefs, ascribed trustworthiness, and dyadic reciprocal trust) were examined in samples of 8–11-year-olds from the UK, Italy, and Japan. Trust was assessed by children’s ratings of the extent to which same-gender classmates kept promises and kept secrets. Social relations analyses confirmed that children from each country showed significant: (a) actor variance demonstrating reliable individual differences in trust beliefs, (b) partner variance demonstrating reliable individual differences in ascribed trustworthiness, and (c) relationship variance demonstrating unique relationships between interaction partners. Cultural differences in trust beliefs and ascribed trustworthiness also emerged and these differences were attributed to the tendency for children from cultures that value societal goals to share personal information with the peer group.
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Rotenberg KJ, Boulton M. Interpersonal Trust Consistency and the Quality of Peer Relationships During Childhood. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Betts LR, Rotenberg KJ, Trueman M, Stiller J. Examining the components of children's peer liking as antecedents of school adjustment. BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2011; 30:303-25. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-835x.2011.02041.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rotenberg KJ, Addis N, Betts LR, Corrigan A, Fox C, Hobson Z, Rennison S, Trueman M, Boulton MJ. The Relation Between Trust Beliefs and Loneliness During Early Childhood, Middle Childhood, and Adulthood. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2010; 36:1086-100. [DOI: 10.1177/0146167210374957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Four studies examined the relation between trust and loneliness. Studies 1, 2, and 3 showed that trust beliefs negatively predicted changes in loneliness during early childhood (5—7 years), middle childhood (9—11 years), and young adulthood (18—21 years). Structural equation modeling yielded support for the hypothesis that the relation between trust beliefs and loneliness was mediated, in part, by social disengagement, which varied by age and gender. Study 4 showed that when young adults were primed for distrust rather than for trust cognitions, they showed greater withdrawal (loneliness) affect, lower willingness to disclose, and less perceived success in achieving rapport. The findings yielded support for the hypotheses that (a) low trust beliefs promote loneliness from childhood to adulthood and (b) social disengagement and cognitive schema mechanisms account for the relation.
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