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Ghaddhab C, Vuissoz JM, Deladoëy J. From Bioinactive ACTH to ACTH Antagonist: The Clinical Perspective. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:17. [PMID: 28228747 PMCID: PMC5296294 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is a pituitary hormone derived from a larger peptide, the proopiomelanocortin (POMC), as are the MSHs (α-MSH, β-MSH, and γ-MSH) and the β-LPH-related polypeptides (Figure 1A). ACTH drives adrenal steroidogenesis and growth of the adrenal gland. ACTH is a 39 amino acid polypeptide that binds and activates its cognate receptor [melanocortin receptor 2 (MC2R)] through the two regions H6F7R8W9 and K15K16R17R18P19. Most POMC-derived polypeptides contain the H6F7R8W9 sequence that is conserved through evolution. This explains the difficulties in developing selective agonists or antagonists to the MCRs. In this review, we will discuss the clinical aspects of the role of ACTH in physiology and disease, and potential clinical use of selective ACTH antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiraz Ghaddhab
- Endocrinology Service and Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Marc Vuissoz
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Children’s Hospital Basel (UKBB), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Johnny Deladoëy
- Endocrinology Service and Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Johnny Deladoëy,
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Schröder E. Über Peptidsynthesen, XXVI 1. Mitteilung über Angiotensin-Analoga. Synthese von Val5-Angiotensin II-Asp1-β-amid, von Lys2-Val5- und von Val2-Val5-Angiotensin II-Asp1-β-amid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.19646800117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Schröder E. Über Peptidsynthesen, XXVII. 2. Mitteilung über Angiotensin-Analoga. Synthese von Tyr3-Val4-Val5-, von Phe6-Val5- und von Phe4-Tyr8-Val5-Angiotensin II-Asp1-β-amid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.19646800118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Havinga E, Schattenkerk C, Visser GH, Kerling KET. Studies on polypeptides I: Synthesis and activity of angiotensin analogues (mostly heptapeptides) in which the arginine moiety is replaced by similar residues of varied structure and configuration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19640830704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Schwyzer R, Iselin B, Kappeler H, Riniker B, Rittel W, Zuber H. Die Synthese des ß-Melanotropins (ß-MSH) mit der Aminosäurensequenz des bovinen Hormons. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19630460615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lutz RA, Pfister HP. Opioid receptors and their pharmacological profiles. JOURNAL OF RECEPTOR RESEARCH 1992; 12:267-86. [PMID: 1324310 DOI: 10.3109/10799899209074796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Opioid receptors can be divided into three major classes, which are called mu, delta and kappa-receptors. The molecular basis of the receptors is discussed and a hypothesis of the binding of bivalent ligands to the receptor is presented. Furthermore the mechanism of action, the distribution and the probable function of these classes is overviewed. Increasing evidence is accumulating that the classical binding model cannot explain completely the interaction of opioids with their receptors. In addition to the mu-receptors, high affinity mu 1 binding sites have been demonstrated. Similarly, the delta receptors may be divided in delta 1 and delta 2. The significance of these subclasses is not yet fully understood. The high affinity mu 1-binding sites, however, represent probably an activated receptor complex, e.g. the complex between the receptor and the guanine-nucleotide-binding protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Lutz
- Department of Animal Science, Eidgenösische Technische Hochschule, Zürich, Switzerland
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Schwyzer R. Peptide-membrane interactions and a new principle in quantitative structure-activity relationships. Biopolymers 1991; 31:785-92. [PMID: 1657234 DOI: 10.1002/bip.360310624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Schwyzer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zürich
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Abstract
In this review I discuss our recent work on the possible role of the lipid phase of the target cell membrane in mediating receptor subtype selectivity of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Schwyzer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich
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Schwyzer R. Membrane structure and biologic activity of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and melanotropin (MSH) peptides. Estimation of structural parameters including the influence of the helix dipole moment. Helv Chim Acta 1986. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19860690724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kono T, Taniguchi A, Imura H, Oseko F, Khosla MC. Biological activities of angiotensin II-(1-6)-hexapeptide and angiotensin II-(1-7)-heptapeptide in man. Life Sci 1986; 38:1515-9. [PMID: 3702589 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(86)90565-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Biological activities of angiotensin II-(1-6)-hexapeptide [ANG-(1-6)] and angiotensin II-(1-7)-heptapeptide [ANG-(1-7)] were studied in 5 normal men and 3 patients with Bartter's syndrome. The angiotensins were infused iv in each subject from 0900 h to 0915 h at a rate of 21 nmol(16.8 micrograms)/kg X min and 18 nmol(16.2 micrograms)/kg X min for ANG-(1-6) and ANG-(1-7), respectively. In the normal men a significant rise in blood pressure was observed by the infusions of both peptides. Average increments of blood pressure for ANG-(1-6) were 17/14, 23/18, 22/15 and 17/14 mmHg at 2, 5, 10 and 15 min, respectively, and those for ANG-(1-7) were 19/15, 20/17, 13/13 and 15/13 mmHg at 2, 5, 10 and 15 min, respectively. The duration of pressor actions after the cessation of the infusions (T) was 10 min for ANG-(1-6) and 20 (for systolic) and 30 (for diastolic) min for ANG-(1-7). T for ANG-(1-6) was shorter than and T for ANG-(1-7) was similar to T for Ile5-angiotensin II (Ile5-ANG II) reported previously in 7 normal men 5 of whom were the same as examined in the present study. On the other hand, both peptides did not cause a rise in blood pressure in the 3 patients with Bartter's syndrome. Both angiotensins did not cause an increase in plasma aldosterone but did cause a significant decrease in plasma renin activity both in the normal men and in the patients. From these results and our previous observations of inactivity of angiotensin II-(5-8)-tetrapeptide, a pressor action of angiotensin II-(4-8)-pentapeptide, and pressor, renin-suppressing and steroidogenic actions of angiotensin II-(3-8)-hexapeptide in normal men, it is thought that ANG-(1-6) and ANG-(1-7) are bound to angiotensin II (ANG II) receptor in the peripheral arterioles and show pressor actions (less than 0.024% and less than 0.028% of Ile5-ANG II, respectively) and suppress renin mainly via short loop feedback and that the shortest biologically active ANG II molecules for pressor, renin-suppressing and steroidogenic actions are Tyr-Ile-His, Val-Tyr-Ile-His and Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe, respectively, in man. It is also evident that ANG-(1-6) is more rapidly metabolized than ANG-(1-7) or Ile5-ANG II in man.
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Kono T, Taniguchi A, Imura H, Oseko F, Khosla MC. Relative biological activities of Asn1-,Val5-angiotensin II, Ile5-angiotensin II and Sar1-angiotensin II in man. Life Sci 1985; 37:365-9. [PMID: 3892218 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(85)90507-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Biological activities of asn1-,val5-angiotensin II (Hypertensin, Ciba, Asn1-,Val5-ANG II), ile5-angiotensin II (human angiotensin II, Ile5-ANG II) and sar1-angiotensin II (Sar1-ANG II) were compared in man. In 7 normal men 5 pmol/kg X min each of Asn1-,Val5-ANG II, Ile5-ANG II and Sar1-ANG II was infused iv from 0900 h to 0930 h at 1-week intervals. Average increments of blood pressure at the end of the infusions were 11/12, 23/20 and 36/30 mmHg, respectively (significant differences among the 3: P less than 0.001), average decrements of plasma renin activity were 0.30, 0.32 and 0.27 ng/ml X H, respectively (no significant difference among the 3), average increments of plasma aldosterone were 1.1, 2.3 and 4.4 ng/100 ml, respectively (significant difference between the former 2: P les than 0.001, between the latter 2: P less than 0.02), and durations of blood pressure rise after the cessation of these infusions (T) were 2-5 (average 5) min, 10-25 (average 20) min and 35-60 (average 40) min, respectively (significant difference between the former 2:less than P 0.01, between the latter 2: P less than 0.001). From these results it is evident that the pressor and steroidogenic actions of Ile5-ANG II are significantly stronger than those of Asn1-,Val5-ANG II and that the duration of pressor action of the former is much longer than that of the latter. Therefore, when the activities of angiotensin II (ANG II) derivatives are compared with those of ANG II in man, Ile5-ANG II--natural human ANG II--should always be used instead of Asn1-,Val5-ANG II. The pressor and steroidogenic actions and T of Sar1-ANG II are significantly stronger or longer than those of Ile5-ANG II. The reason for this is thought to be that Sar1-ANG II is bound tightly to the vascular and adrenal ANG II receptors and is not readily metabolized.
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Kono T, Oseko F, Ikeda F, Nakano R, Taniguchi A, Imura H, Khosla MC. Biological activity of des-(Asp1, Arg2, Val3)-angiotensin II in man. Life Sci 1983; 32:337-43. [PMID: 6338332 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(83)90079-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Schwyzer R. Peptides and the new endocrinology. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 1982; 69:15-20. [PMID: 6276784 DOI: 10.1007/bf00441094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of regulatory peptides common to the nervous and the endocrine systems (brain, gut, and skin) has brought about a revolution in our concepts of endocrinology and neurology. We are beginning to understand some of the complex interrelationships between soma and psyche that might, someday, be important for an integrated treatment of diseases. Examples of the actions of certain peptides in the periphery and in the central nervous system are given, and their biosynthesis and molecular anatomy as carriers for information are discussed.
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Mutt V. Chemistry of the gastrointestinal hormones and hormone-like peptides and a sketch of their physiology and pharmacology. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 1982; 39:231-427. [PMID: 6755887 DOI: 10.1016/s0083-6729(08)61138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Semple PF, Boyd AS, Dawes PM, Morton JJ. Angiotensin II and its heptapeptide (2-8), hexapeptide (3-8), and pentapeptide (4-8) metabolites in arterial and venous blood of man. Circ Res 1976; 39:671-8. [PMID: 975455 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.39.5.671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We made separate measurements of angiotensin II (A II) and of its immunoreactive metabolites (2-8 heptapeptide, 3-8 hexapeptide, and 4-8 pentapeptide) in arterial and venous plasma from subjects with widely different plasma levels of the peptides. A II and its three metabolites were extracted from blood, separated by paper chromatography, and measured by radioimmunoassay using an A II antiserum which had a 100% cross-reaction with each metabolite. In contrast to results of previous studies, A II was found to predominate in both arterial (60-100%) and venous (55-100%) blood. The biologically active 2-8 heptapeptide metabolite accounted for only 10% of the activity in arterial plasma. Radioimmunoassay of venous plasma extracts using an A II antiserum which had a low cross-reaction with the 3-8 hexapeptide and the 4-8 pentapeptide confirmed the results obtained using the antiserum which had a 100% cross-reaction with the metabolites. We conclude that radioimmunoassay methods for measuring A II in venous blood may be more accurate and relevant than has previously been recognized. The small difference between A II concentrations in arterial and venous plasma suggests further that there may be significant conversion of angiotensin I (A I) to A II in the limb vasculature.
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Lang U, Fauchere JL, Pelican GM, Karlaganis G, Schwyzer R. Hormone-receptor interactions. Adrenocorticotrophin-(7-24)-octadecapeptide stimulates adipocyte membrane adenylate cyclase without causing lipolysis in fat cells. FEBS Lett 1976; 66:246-9. [PMID: 182541 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(76)80514-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Sasaki K, Dockerill S, Adamiak DA, Tickle IJ, Blundell T. X-ray analysis of glucagon and its relationship to receptor binding. Nature 1975; 257:751-7. [PMID: 171582 DOI: 10.1038/257751a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
X-ray analysis of the pancreatic hormone glucagon shows that in crystals the polypeptide adopts a mainly helical conformation, which is stabilised by hydrophobic interactions between molecules related by threefold symmetry. A model is presented in which the glucagon molecule exists in dilute solutions as an equilibrium population of conformers with little retention of conformers with little retention of structure, and in which the helical conformation is stablised by hydrophobic interactions either as an oligomer or as a complex with the receptor.
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Otsuka H, Inouye K. Structure-activity relationships of adrenocorticotropin. PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS. PART B: GENERAL & SYSTEMATIC PHARMACOLOGY 1975; 1:501-27. [PMID: 178002 DOI: 10.1016/0306-039x(75)90051-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Campbell WB, Brooks SN, Pettinger WA. Angiotensin II- and angiotensin 3-induced aldosterone release vivo in the rat. Science 1974; 184:994-6. [PMID: 4363578 DOI: 10.1126/science.184.4140.994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The potential role of angiotensin II and its heptapeptide metabolite, des-aspartyl-angiotensin II, was studied in the conscious unanesthetized rat. Aldosterone release was induced by both peptides at physiologic doses (0.72 nanogram per minute). [I-Sarcosyl-8-alanyl]-angiotensin II (P-113 inhibited angiotensin II more effectively than des-aspartyl-angiotensin II (101 percent as compared to 82 percent). These results indicate that angiotensin controls aldosterone release in the rat and that des-aspartyl-angiotensin II (that is, angiotensin III) may be important in this sequence.
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Favre L, Vallotton MB. Influence of calcium on angiotensin II--antibody reaction. IMMUNOCHEMISTRY 1973; 10:43-9. [PMID: 4347854 DOI: 10.1016/0019-2791(73)90249-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Day MD, Hall JM, Owen DA. Selective inhibition of angiotensin pressor responses in the pithed rat by tetraethylthiuram disulphide (disulfiram) and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC). Br J Pharmacol 1972; 44:192-202. [PMID: 4358410 PMCID: PMC1666053 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1972.tb07255.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Pressor responses to sympathetic outflow stimulation, noradrenaline and angiotensin have been recorded in pithed rats.2. Disulfiram (50 mg/kg) and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) (5-100 mg/kg) both caused an initial increase in the pressor response to all three procedures followed by a selective inhibition of the angiotensin responses.3. Penicillamine (1-100 mg/kg) and ascorbic acid (1-500 mg/kg) increased the pressor responses to all three procedures without any subsequent blocking action.4. Reserpine (5 mg/kg daily for 3 days) abolished responses to sympathetic outflow stimulation but did not impair angiotensin or noradrenaline responses.5. In reserpinized rats, the initial enhancement of angiotensin responses after disulfiram and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate was absent or reduced and the onset of the subsequent block was accelerated.6. Possible mechanisms for the angiotensin-blocking action of disulfiram and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate are discussed.
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Hughes BO, Spicer B. Some anticholinergic activities of BRL 1288--a new anti-Parkinson drug. Br J Pharmacol 1969; 37:501P-502P. [PMID: 5348435 PMCID: PMC1703664 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1969.tb10588.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Carrión JP, Deranleau DA, Donzel B, Esko K, Moser P, Schwyzer R. [Electron-donator-acceptor-complexes with polypeptides. II. Problem setting and orientation experiments with acceptors of the new phthalimide types]. Helv Chim Acta 1968; 51:459-81. [PMID: 5683976 DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19680510308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Raig H, Brandau H, Luh W. [Enzyme activity of the ovary of androgen-sterilized and normal female rats]. ARCHIV FUR GYNAKOLOGIE 1968; 206:154-80. [PMID: 5756024 DOI: 10.1007/bf00666921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Catt KJ, Coghlan JP, Romberg B. Immunological reactivity to peptides related to angiotensin. Nature 1967; 215:395-7. [PMID: 4293729 DOI: 10.1038/215395a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Pettit GR, Das Gupta AK, Smith RL. STRUCTURAL BIOCHEMISTRY: II. SYNTHESIS OF 3β-HYDROXY-17β (L-PROLYL-L-PROLYL)AMINO-5α-ANDROSTANE. CAN J CHEM 1966. [DOI: 10.1139/v66-302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A practical synthetic route to 3β-hydroxy-17β-amino-5α-androstane (III) was developed and the configuration of the amine substituent established by proton magnetic resonance studies. Condensing amine III with carbobenzoxy-L-proline by means of Woodward's reagent K led to proline derivative IVa. Steroidal peptide Vb was readily prepared by first removing the protecting group from amide IVa by palladium-catalyzed hydrogenolysis and then repeating the peptide-forming and hydrogenation steps. Protection of the 3β-hydroxy group proved to be unnecessary, and the presently reported approach to steroidal peptides proved to be reliable and useful.
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Goodfriend T, Fasman G, Kemp D, Levine L. Immunochemical studies of angiotensin. IMMUNOCHEMISTRY 1966; 3:223-31. [PMID: 4289221 DOI: 10.1016/0019-2791(66)90186-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Schröder E. [Synthesis of all-D-val-5-angiotensin II-asp-1-beta-amide]. JUSTUS LIEBIGS ANNALEN DER CHEMIE 1966; 692:241-5. [PMID: 4292036 DOI: 10.1002/jlac.19666920128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Schröder E. [On peptide syntheses, 37. 4. Angiotensin analogs. Synthesis of D-asp-1-, glu-1-, glu(NH2)-1-and pyrogl-1-val-5-angiotensin II]. JUSTUS LIEBIGS ANNALEN DER CHEMIE 1966; 691:232-9. [PMID: 4288835 DOI: 10.1002/jlac.19666910133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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