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Gandara E, Recto P, Lesser J, Zavala Idar A, Zapata J, Vela V, Castilla M, Hernandez L, Escareño J, Flores M, Morales V. "Planting Seeds and Watching Them Grow": Dimensions of Community Capacity Model and Cultural Competence (Part 2). Issues Ment Health Nurs 2024; 45:654-657. [PMID: 38829917 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2024.2350486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Gandara
- The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Pamela Recto
- UT Health San Antonio School of Nursing, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Janna Lesser
- UT Health San Antonio School of Nursing, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | - Jose Zapata
- UT Health San Antonio School of Nursing, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Veronica Vela
- UT Health San Antonio School of Nursing, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Martha Castilla
- UT Health San Antonio School of Nursing, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | - Juana Escareño
- UT Health San Antonio School of Nursing, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Melissa Flores
- UT Health San Antonio School of Nursing, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Vicky Morales
- UT Health San Antonio School of Nursing, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Luger TM, Hamilton AB, True G. Measuring Community-Engaged Research Contexts, Processes, and Outcomes: A Mapping Review. Milbank Q 2020; 98:493-553. [PMID: 32428339 PMCID: PMC7296434 DOI: 10.1111/1468-0009.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Policy Points Community‐engaged research (CEnR) engenders meaningful academic‐community partnerships to improve research quality and health outcomes. CEnR has increasingly been adopted by health care systems, funders, and communities looking for solutions to intractable problems. It has been difficult to systematically measure CEnR's impact, as most evaluations focus on project‐specific outcomes. Similarly, partners have struggled with identifying appropriate measures to assess outcomes of interest. To make a case for CEnR's value, we must demonstrate the impacts of CEnR over time. We compiled recent measures and developed an interactive data visualization to facilitate more consistent measurement of CEnR's theoretical domains.
Context Community‐engaged research (CEnR) aims to engender meaningful academic‐community partnerships to increase research quality and impact, improve individual and community health, and build capacity for uptake of evidence‐based practices. Given the urgency to solve society's pressing public health problems and increasing competition for funding, it is important to demonstrate CEnR's value. Most evaluations focus on project‐specific outcomes, making it difficult to demonstrate CEnR's broader impact. Moreover, it is challenging for partnerships to identify assessments of interest beyond process measures. We conducted a mapping review to help partnerships find and select measures to evaluate CEnR projects and to characterize areas where further development of measures is needed. Methods We searched electronic bibliographic databases using relevant search terms from 2009 to 2018 and scanned CEnR projects to identify unpublished measures. Through review and reduction, we found 69 measures of CEnR's context, process, or outcomes that are potentially generalizable beyond a specific health condition or population. We abstracted data from descriptions of each measure to catalog purpose, aim (context, process, or outcome), and specific domains being measured. Findings We identified 28 measures of the conditions under which CEnR is conducted and factors to support effective academic‐community collaboration (context); 43 measures evaluating constructs such as group dynamics and trust (process); and 43 measures of impacts such as benefits and challenges of CEnR participation and system and capacity changes (outcomes). Conclusions We found substantial variation in how academic‐community partnerships conceptualize and define even similar domains. Achieving more consistency in how partnerships evaluate key constructs could reduce measurement confusion apparent in the literature. A hybrid approach whereby partnerships discuss common metrics and develop locally important measures can address CEnR's multiple goals. Our accessible data visualization serves as a convenient resource to support partnerships’ evaluation goals and may help to build the evidence base for CEnR through the use of common measures across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tana M Luger
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Health Services Research and Development Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation and Policy
| | - Alison B Hamilton
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Health Services Research and Development Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation and Policy.,David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Gala True
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Healthcare System, South Central Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center.,Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Section of Community and Population Medicine
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Cunningham-Erves J, Joosten Y, Hollingsworth CP, Cockroft JD, Murry VM, Lipham L, Luther P, Vaughn Y, Miller ST. Implementation and Evaluation of a Dual-Track Research Training Program for Community Members and Community-Based Organizations. Prog Community Health Partnersh 2020; 14:75-87. [PMID: 32280125 PMCID: PMC7330929 DOI: 10.1353/cpr.2020.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is a public health priority to increase community research participation to improve health outcomes and eliminate health disparities. There is a need for effective research training programs that build community stakeholders' capacity to engage as equitable partners. OBJECTIVES To describe the collaborative process of implementing and evaluating a dual-track community research training program-Meharry Vanderbilt Community Engaged Research Core-Community Research Training Program (MVC-CRT) Program-and present participant evaluations. METHODS The MVC-CRT is a six-session community-based organization (CBO) curriculum and a three-session community member (CM) curriculum, based on needs identified by various community stakeholders, that was piloted in 2016. Immediately post-training, an outcome evaluation (surveys) was used to measure trainees' confidence relative to 30 learning objectives for the combined training sessions (e.g., Introduction to research), satisfaction in preparing them for research roles, and impact on research activities (e.g., building sustainable partnerships). 2 and 3 months after training, a process evaluation (focus groups) was used to assess each session's flow, materials, group discussions, and facilitators. RESULTS Trainees' immediate post-training confidence increased or remained the same across 26 of 30 learning objectives. Two to 3 months after training, trainees reported sustained confidence, perceived increased knowledge, and increased intentions to engage in or improve research activities. All participants were satisfied with the program and felt better prepared for research roles. CONCLUSIONS Tailored community research training may result in positive outcomes that can ultimately increase community capacity to be equitable partners in research in support of efforts to improve health outcomes and eliminate health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yolanda Vaughn
- Neighbor 2 Neighbor (Formally Neighborhoods Resource Center), Nashville, Tennessee
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Netshakhuma NS. Analysis of South African universities and communities archives. GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE, MEMORY AND COMMUNICATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1108/gkmc-02-2019-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study to investigate the relationships between South Africa (SA) universities and universities surrounding communities (USC) for preserving community histories and serve the universities’ mandate to support their local communities and support universities’ teaching and scholarship.
Design/methodology/approach
The study used a multiple case study approach through interviews. The population of the study comprised representatives from selected universities and their USC.
Findings
The findings revealed a lack of effective relationships between universities and USC to preserve communities’ histories. Hence, the communities’ archives are tools for teaching and scholarship. Relations between universities and USC are to be built on trust. Accountability and transparency are to be considered by both parties.
Research limitations/implications
The research is limited to selected SA universities, namely, University of Venda, Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Pretoria and SA and USC. The findings are applicable to all SA universities and USC.
Practical implications
The relationship between universities and USC has a practical impact on the National archives of South Africa (NARSSA) to collect communities archives because it is in conflict with the mandate of NARSSA. The National Archives’ Act 43 of 1996 obliged NARSSA to collect and preserve communities’ archives on behalf of societies.
Social implications
Lack of universities and USC can lead to the loss of communities histories or archives.
Originality/value
This paper appears to be the first to research the relationship between SA universities and USC.
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Arrieta MI, Wells NK, Parker LL, Hudson AL, Crook ED. Research Apprenticeship and Its Potential as a Distinct Model of Peer Research Practice. Prog Community Health Partnersh 2018; 12:199-214. [PMID: 30270230 DOI: 10.1353/cpr.2018.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three models of peer research have emerged: advisory, employment, and partner. We propose a fourth model, the "research apprentice" prototype conceived as a postsecondary workforce development avenue for members of disadvantaged communities. OBJECTIVES We introduce the research apprenticeship experience and its potential contributions to the fields of health equity and translational research. METHODS Implementation of the research apprenticeship model within a survey research project. RESULTS In this article, we 1) identify the model's distinctive qualities, 2) conceptualize an appropriate industry for graduates, 3) recognize its value for those with little access to postsecondary education, and 4) formulate a vision for contributing to health equity and translational research. CONCLUSIONS The research apprenticeship holds potential to realize goals of capacity building, empowerment, and co-learning; generate educational progress and employment for participants; expand diversity in biomedical research; support two-directional co-learning between community and academia; and contribute to dismantling structural racism within the biomedical sciences.
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Goytia CN, Kastenbaum I, Shelley D, Horowitz CR, Kaushal R. A Tale of 2 Constituencies: Exploring Patient and Clinician Perspectives in the Age of Big Data. Med Care 2018; 56 Suppl 10 Suppl 1:S64-S69. [PMID: 30074954 PMCID: PMC6136960 DOI: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000000786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient and clinician stakeholders are inadequately engaged in key aspects of research, particularly regarding use of Big Data to study and improve patient-centered outcomes. Little is known about the attitudes, interests, and concerns of stakeholders regarding such data. RESEARCH DESIGN The New York City Clinical Data Research Network (NYC-CDRN), a collaboration of research, clinical, and community leaders built a deidentified dataset containing electronic health records from millions of New Yorkers. Guided by a patient-clinician advisory board, we developed a question guide to explore patient and clinician experiences and ideas about research using large datasets. Trained facilitators led discussions during preexisting patient, community, and clinician group meetings. The research team coded meeting notes and identified themes. RESULTS Fully 272 individuals participated in 19 listening sessions (139 patients/advocates, 133 clinicians) at 6 medical centers with diverse NYC communities: 76% were female and 63% were nonwhite. Clinicians and patients agreed on all major themes including the central role of clinicians in introducing patients to research and the need for public campaigns to inform stakeholders about Big Data. Stakeholders were interested in using granular data to compare the care and clinical outcomes of their neighborhoods with others across NYC, but were also concerned that data could not truly be deidentified. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians and patients agree on potential benefits of stakeholder-engaged Big Data research and provided suggestions for further research and building stakeholder research capacity. This evaluation demonstrated the potential of brief meetings with existing patient and clinical groups to explore barriers and facilitators to patient and clinician engagement.
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Adebayo OW, Salerno JP, Francillon V, Williams JR. A systematic review of components of community-based organisation engagement. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2018; 26:e474-e484. [PMID: 29314373 PMCID: PMC6124309 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Community-based organisations (CBOs) are important for eliminating health disparities globally and translating research findings to inform interventions. Engagement is an integral part of partnerships between CBOs and community health researchers and impacts the quality and quantity of any desired outcome. Despite the acknowledged benefits of community-based organisation engagement (CBOE), there are variations in its operationalisation and paucity in the understanding of its use in community-scientific partnerships. To further understand CBOE, the aim of this study was to synthesise published literature relevant to the definitions and applications of CBOE and identify its key components. A systematic search was conducted in March 2017, and updated in June 2017. Keywords were varied to account for international differences in spelling and word usage. Five major databases, MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Google Scholar, were used to identify potential research studies. A total of 32 studies were included in this review. Following the analysis of the literature, four salient themes emerged as components of CBOE: (1) Need (a consensus between all the parties in a partnership on the importance of a specified project and its proposed benefits to a target community); (2) Partnership Dynamics (the workings of a relationship between a CBO and a scientific/academic stakeholder); (3) Resources (include but are not limited to: personnel, money, work space, expertise and equipment); and (4) Outcomes (products of the partnership). This review provides a foundation for future research in applying CBOE to translational research and interventions. This analysis will assist community health researchers in planning partnerships with CBOs, and make necessary adjustments to improve study outcomes. Appropriate application of the components of CBOE in partnerships will assist researchers in addressing health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John P Salerno
- University of Miami School of Nursing and Health Studies, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Valerie Francillon
- University of Miami School of Nursing and Health Studies, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Jessica R Williams
- University of Miami School of Nursing and Health Studies, Coral Gables, FL, USA
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Community Capacity Building Exercise Maintenance Program for Frail Elderly Women. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci) 2017; 11:166-173. [PMID: 28991596 DOI: 10.1016/j.anr.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of community capacity building exercise maintenance program for frail elderly women. METHODS A quasiexperimental pretest-posttest design was used with nonequivalent control group. The experimental group (n = 22) received community capacity building exercise maintenance program, whereas the control group (n = 23) received health physical exercise program for 16 sessions over 8 weeks. The data of physical fitness, body compositions, self-efficacy, and health-related quality of life were collected three times for both group: before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, and 8 weeks after the intervention. Analyses were conducted using χ2 test, t test, Fisher's exact test, and repeated measures analysis of variance. RESULTS Compared to the control group, muscular strength (p = .002), static balance (p = .013), muscular endurance (p = .003), self-efficacy (p < .001), and health-related quality of life (p = .030) were significantly improved in the experimental group. In addition, body fat percentage (p = .005) in this group was significantly decreased after the community capacity building exercise maintenance program. CONCLUSION Theses results indicated that a community capacity building exercise maintenance program is feasible, and associated with exercise maintenance among frail elderly women.
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Zhou Q, Stewart SM, Wan A, Leung CSC, Lai AY, Lam TH, Chan SSC. Development and Evaluation of a Train-the-Trainer Workshop for Hong Kong Community Social Service Agency Staff. Front Public Health 2017; 5:15. [PMID: 28243586 PMCID: PMC5303710 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Capacity building approaches are useful in large-scale community-based health promotion interventions. However, models to guide and evaluate capacity building among social service agency staff in community settings are rare in the literature. This paper describes the development and evaluation of a 1-day (7 h) train-the-trainer (TTT) workshop for the "Enhancing Family Well-Being Project". The workshop aimed at equipping staff from different community agencies with the knowledge and skills to design, implement, and evaluate positive psychology-based interventions for their clients in Sham Shui Po, an over-crowded and low-income district in Hong Kong. METHODS The current TTT extended and improved on our previous successful model by adding research and evaluation methods (including the Logic Model, process evaluation, and randomized controlled trial), which are important to plan and evaluate the community interventions. Evaluation of the TTT was guided by the Integrated Model of Training Evaluation and Effectiveness (IMTEE), with quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative data were collected from pretraining (T1), post-training (T2), and 6-month (T3) and 12-month (T4) follow-up surveys. Qualitative data were collected from four focus groups of agency staff after the intervention. RESULTS Ninety-three staff from 30 community agencies attended the training, and 90 completed the baseline survey. Eighty-eight, 63, and 57 staff performed the evaluations at T2, T3, and T4, respectively. Agency staff were satisfied with the TTT. Immediate enhancement of knowledge, self-efficacy, and positive attitudes toward the training content was found at T2 (Cohen's d ranged from 0.24 to 1.22, all p < 0.05). Enhancement of knowledge of all training contents persisted at T3 and T4 (Cohen's d ranged from 0.34 to 0.63, all p < 0.05). Enhancement of self-efficacy in the use of positive psychology in intervention design persisted at T3 (Cohen's d = 0.22, p = 0.04). The skills learned were utilized to plan and develop subsequent interventions. Twenty-nine interventions were successfully designed and implemented by the agency staff, and delivered to 1,586 participants. The agency staff indicated their intention to utilize the skills they had learned for other interventions (score ≥4 out of 6) and to share these skills with their colleagues. Qualitative feedbacks from 23 agency staff supported the quantitative results. CONCLUSION Our brief TTT was effectively delivered to a large number of agency staff and showed effects that persisted up to 12 months. Our training and evaluation models may offer a template for capacity building among social service agency staff for community brief, universal family health promotion interventions in diverse settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianling Zhou
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sunita M. Stewart
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alice Wan
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Agnes Y. Lai
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tai Hing Lam
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Leroy L, Rittner JL, Johnson KE, Gerteis J, Miller T. Facilitative Components of Collaborative Learning: A Review of Nine Health Research Networks. Healthc Policy 2017; 12:19-33. [PMID: 28277202 PMCID: PMC5344361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Collaborative research networks are increasingly used as an effective mechanism for accelerating knowledge transfer into policy and practice. This paper explored the characteristics and collaborative learning approaches of nine health research networks. DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING Semi-structured interviews with representatives from eight diverse US health services research networks conducted between November 2012 and January 2013 and program evaluation data from a ninth. STUDY DESIGN The qualitative analysis assessed each network's purpose, duration, funding sources, governance structure, methods used to foster collaboration, and barriers and facilitators to collaborative learning. DATA COLLECTION The authors reviewed detailed notes from the interviews to distill salient themes. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Face-to-face meetings, intentional facilitation and communication, shared vision, trust among members and willingness to work together were key facilitators of collaborative learning. Competing priorities for members, limited funding and lack of long-term support and geographic dispersion were the main barriers to coordination and collaboration across research network members. CONCLUSION The findings illustrate the importance of collaborative learning in research networks and the challenges to evaluating the success of research network functionality. Conducting readiness assessments and developing process and outcome evaluation metrics will advance the design and show the impact of collaborative research networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Leroy
- US Health Division, Abt Associates, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Karin E. Johnson
- MacColl Center for Health Care Innovation, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Therese Miller
- Center for Evidence & Practice Improvement, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD
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Kaplan B, Caddle-Steele C, Chisholm G, Esmond WA, Ferryman K, Gertner M, Goytia C, Hauser D, Richardson LD, Robinson M, Horowitz CR. A Culture of Understanding: Reflections and Suggestions from a Genomics Research Community Board. Prog Community Health Partnersh 2017; 11:161-165. [PMID: 28736408 PMCID: PMC5830277 DOI: 10.1353/cpr.2017.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
There has been limited community engagement in the burgeoning field of genomics research. In the wake of a new discovery of genetic variants that increase the risk of kidney failure and are almost unique to people of African ancestry, community and clinical leaders in Harlem, New York, formed a community board to inform the direction of related research. The board advised all aspects of a study to assess the impact of testing for these genetic variants at primary care sites that serve diverse populations, including explaining genetic risk to participants. By reflecting on the board's experiences, we found that community voices can have tangible impact on research that navigates the controversial intersection of race, ancestry, and genomics by heightening vigilance, fostering clear communication between researchers and the community, and encouraging researchers to cede some control. Our reflections and work provide a strong justification for longitudinal community partnerships in genomics research.
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Cunningham J, Miller ST, Joosten Y, Elzey JD, Israel T, King C, Luther P, Vaughn Y, Wilkins CH. Community-Engaged Strategies to Promote Relevance of Research Capacity-Building Efforts Targeting Community Organizations. Clin Transl Sci 2015; 8:513-7. [PMID: 25951171 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study goal is to highlight strategies for promoting relevance of research capacity-building efforts targeting community organizations (CO)s. METHODS Two community partners, representing two COs, were invited to participate in CO research development trainings, Community Research Forums (Forum)s. Their contributions were documented via Forum document review. Forum participants, representatives from other COs, completed post-Forum surveys to identify additional training needs and rate Forum impact relative to their training expectations. A content-based analysis and descriptive statistics were used to summarize needs assessment- and impact-related survey responses, respectively. RESULTS Community partners were involved in eight Forum-related activities including marketing (planning), facilitation (implementation), and manuscript coauthorship (dissemination). Eighty-one individuals, representing 55 COs, attended the Forums. Needs assessment responses revealed a desire for additional assistance with existing Forum topics (e.g., defining research priorities) and a need for new ones (e.g., promoting organizational buy in for research). Ninety-one percent of participants agreed that the Forum demonstrated the value of research to COs and how to create a research agenda. CONCLUSIONS Including community partners in all Forum phases ensured that CO perspectives were integrated throughout. Post-Forum needs and impact assessment results will help in tailoring, where needed, future training topics and strategies, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephania T Miller
- Department of Surgery, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yvonne Joosten
- Vanderbilt University, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jared D Elzey
- Meharry Medical College, Office for Research, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tiffany Israel
- Vanderbilt University, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christine King
- Vanderbilt University, School of Nursing, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Yolanda Vaughn
- Neighborhoods Resource Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Consuelo H Wilkins
- Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, School of Medicine, and Meharry-Vanderbilt Alliance, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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