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Blacksher E, Asada Y, Danis M, Gold MR, Kassebaum N, Saint Onge J. Building a "We" With Deliberative Dialogue in Pursuit of Health for All. Am J Public Health 2023; 113:1110-1113. [PMID: 37672737 PMCID: PMC10484137 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2023.307392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Blacksher
- Erika Blacksher and Nellie Kassebaum are with the Center for Practical Bioethics, Kansas City, MO. Yukiko Asada and Marion Danis are with the Department of Bioethics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Marthe R. Gold is with CUNY School of Medicine, City College of New York, New York, NY. Jarron Saint Onge is with the Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City
| | - Yukiko Asada
- Erika Blacksher and Nellie Kassebaum are with the Center for Practical Bioethics, Kansas City, MO. Yukiko Asada and Marion Danis are with the Department of Bioethics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Marthe R. Gold is with CUNY School of Medicine, City College of New York, New York, NY. Jarron Saint Onge is with the Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City
| | - Marion Danis
- Erika Blacksher and Nellie Kassebaum are with the Center for Practical Bioethics, Kansas City, MO. Yukiko Asada and Marion Danis are with the Department of Bioethics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Marthe R. Gold is with CUNY School of Medicine, City College of New York, New York, NY. Jarron Saint Onge is with the Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City
| | - Marthe R Gold
- Erika Blacksher and Nellie Kassebaum are with the Center for Practical Bioethics, Kansas City, MO. Yukiko Asada and Marion Danis are with the Department of Bioethics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Marthe R. Gold is with CUNY School of Medicine, City College of New York, New York, NY. Jarron Saint Onge is with the Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City
| | - Nellie Kassebaum
- Erika Blacksher and Nellie Kassebaum are with the Center for Practical Bioethics, Kansas City, MO. Yukiko Asada and Marion Danis are with the Department of Bioethics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Marthe R. Gold is with CUNY School of Medicine, City College of New York, New York, NY. Jarron Saint Onge is with the Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City
| | - Jarron Saint Onge
- Erika Blacksher and Nellie Kassebaum are with the Center for Practical Bioethics, Kansas City, MO. Yukiko Asada and Marion Danis are with the Department of Bioethics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Marthe R. Gold is with CUNY School of Medicine, City College of New York, New York, NY. Jarron Saint Onge is with the Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City
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Tugendhaft A, Danis M, Christofides N, Kahn K, Erzse A, Gold M, Twine R, Khosa A, Hofman K. CHAT SA: Modification of a Public Engagement Tool for Priority Setting for a South African Rural Context. Int J Health Policy Manag 2022; 11:197-209. [PMID: 32654436 PMCID: PMC9278606 DOI: 10.34172/ijhpm.2020.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, as countries move towards universal health coverage (UHC), public participation in decisionmaking is particularly valuable to inform difficult decisions about priority setting and resource allocation. In South Africa (SA), which is moving towards UHC, public participation in decision-making is entrenched in policy documents yet practical applications are lacking. Engagement methods that are deliberative could be useful in ensuring the public participates in the priority setting process that is evidence-based, ethical, legitimate, sustainable and inclusive. Methods modified for the country context may be more relevant and effective. To prepare for such a deliberative process in SA, we aimed to modify a specific deliberative engagement tool - the CHAT (Choosing All Together) tool for use in a rural setting. METHODS Desktop review of published literature and policy documents, as well as 3 focus groups and modified Delphi method were conducted to identify health topics/issues and related interventions appropriate for a rural setting in SA. Our approach involved a high degree of community and policy-maker/expert participation. Qualitative data were analysed thematically. Cost information was drawn from various national sources and an existing actuarial model used in previous CHAT exercises was employed to create the board. RESULTS Based on the outcomes, 7 health topics/issues and related interventions specific for a rural context were identified and costed for inclusion. These include maternal, new-born and reproductive health; child health; woman and child abuse; HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis (TB); lifestyle diseases; access; and malaria. There were variations in priorities between the 3 stakeholder groups, with community-based groups emphasizing issues of access. Violence against women and children and malaria were considered important in the rural context. CONCLUSION The CHAT SA board reflects health topics/issues specific for a rural setting in SA and demonstrates some of the context-specific coverage decisions that will need to be made. Methodologies that include participatory principles are useful for the modification of engagement tools like CHAT and can be applied in different country contexts in order to ensure these tools are relevant and acceptable. This could in turn impact the success of the implementation, ultimately ensuring more effective priority setting approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviva Tugendhaft
- SAMRC/Wits Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science - PRICELESS, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Marion Danis
- Department of Bioethics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicola Christofides
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kathleen Kahn
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit - Agincourt, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Agnes Erzse
- SAMRC/Wits Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science - PRICELESS, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Marthe Gold
- New York Academy of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Rhian Twine
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit - Agincourt, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Audrey Khosa
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit - Agincourt, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Karen Hofman
- SAMRC/Wits Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science - PRICELESS, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Horn K, Kuprewicz RM, Patterson K, Kaufman J, Murugesan U, Martinez DJ, Krebs NM, Muscat JE. Clinical trial recruitment of adult African American smokers from economically disadvantaged urban communities. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2020; 19:133-150. [PMID: 30265848 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2018.1489746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This investigation evaluated the effectiveness and challenges of multiple recruitment methods, described as proactive, reactive, and combination methods, among adult African American smokers (N = 527) from economically disadvantaged urban communities enrolled to test progressively reduced nicotine content investigational cigarettes. The study evaluated success using descriptive statistics to measure the volume of phone calls and percentage of eligible participants per method. Reactive and combination strategies effectively prompted participants to call about the study. Combination methods yielded the highest eligibility rates. Findings demonstrate the unique recruitment successes within this population across a range of recruitment methods and may inform improved methods to recruit and engage African Americans in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Horn
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia
| | | | - Katrin Patterson
- Association of State and Territorial Health Officials, Arlington, Virginia
| | | | | | | | - Nicolle M Krebs
- Penn State Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Joshua E Muscat
- Penn State Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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Hurst SA, Schindler M, Goold SD, Danis M. Swiss-CHAT: Citizens Discuss Priorities for Swiss Health Insurance Coverage. Int J Health Policy Manag 2018; 7:746-754. [PMID: 30078295 PMCID: PMC6077280 DOI: 10.15171/ijhpm.2018.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As universal health coverage becomes the norm in many countries, it is important to determine public priorities regarding benefits to include in health insurance coverage. We report results of participation in a decision exercise among residents of Switzerland, a high-income country with a long history of universal health insurance and deliberative democracy.
Methods: We adapted the Choosing Healthplans All Together (CHAT) tool, an exercise developed to transform complex healthcare allocation decisions into easily understandable choices, for use in Switzerland. We conducted CHAT exercises in twelve Swiss cities with recruitment from a range of socio-economic backgrounds, taking into account differences in language and culture.
Results: Compared to existing coverage, a majority of 175 participants accepted greater general practice gatekeeping (94%), exclusion of invasive life-sustaining measures in dying patients (80%), longer waiting times for non-urgent episodic care (78%), greater adherence to cost-effectiveness guidelines in chronic care (66%), and lower premium subsidies (51%). Most initially chose greater coverage for dental care (59%), quality of life (57%), and long-term care (90%). During group deliberations, participants increased coverage for out-of-pocket costs (58%) and mental health to current levels (41%) and beyond current levels for rehabilitation (50%), and decreased coverage for quality of life to current levels (74%). Following group deliberation, they tended to change their views back to below current coverage for help with out-of-pocket costs, and back to current levels for rehabilitation. Most participants accepted the plan as appropriate and fair. A significant number would have added nothing.
Conclusion: Swiss participants who have engaged in a priority setting exercise accept complex resource allocation trade-offs in healthcare coverage. Moreover, in the context of a well-funded healthcare system with universal coverage centered on individual choice, at least some of our participants believed a fully sufficient threshold of health insurance coverage was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia A Hurst
- Institute for Ethics, History, and the Humanities, Geneva University Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mélinée Schindler
- Institute for Ethics, History, and the Humanities, Geneva University Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Susan D Goold
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marion Danis
- Department of Bioethics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Saleh LD, van den Berg JJ, Chambers CS, Operario D. Social support, psychological vulnerability, and HIV risk among African American men who have sex with men. Psychol Health 2016; 31:549-64. [PMID: 26588945 PMCID: PMC4905802 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2015.1120301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has suggested a need to understand the social-psychological factors contributing to HIV risk among African American men who have sex with men (MSM). We conducted individual in-depth interviews with 34 adult African American MSM to examine their personal experiences about: (i) sources of social support, (ii) psychological responses to the presence or absence of social support and (iii) influences of social support on sexual behaviours. The majority of participants described limited positive encouragement and lack of emotional support from family, as well as few meaningful personal relationships. Feelings of isolation and mistrust about personal relationships led many participants to avoid emotional intimacy and seek physical intimacy through sexual encounters. Findings highlight a need for multilevel interventions that enhance social support networks and address the social-psychological, emotional and interpersonal factors that contribute to HIV risk among African American MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena D Saleh
- a Center for HIV Educational Studies and Training (CHEST) , Hunter College of the City University of New York (CUNY) , New York , NY , USA
| | - Jacob J van den Berg
- b Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, and Division of Infectious Diseases , The Miriam Hospital , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Christopher S Chambers
- c Department of Sociology and Anthropology , Northeastern University , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Don Operario
- d School of Public Health , Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
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Cheng TL, Solomon BS. Translating Life Course Theory to clinical practice to address health disparities. Matern Child Health J 2014; 18:389-95. [PMID: 23677685 PMCID: PMC3883993 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-013-1279-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Life Course Theory (LCT) is a framework that explains health and disease across populations and over time and in a powerful way, conceptualizes health and health disparities to guide improvements. It suggests a need to change priorities and paradigms in our healthcare delivery system. In "Rethinking Maternal and Child Health: The Life Course Model as an Organizing Framework," Fine and Kotelchuck identify three areas of rethinking that have relevance to clinical care: (1) recognition of context and the "whole-person, whole-family, whole-community systems approach;" (2) longitudinal approach with "greater emphasis on early ("upstream") determinants of health"; and (3) need for integration and "developing integrated, multi-sector service systems that become lifelong "pipelines" for healthy development". This paper discusses promising clinical practice innovations in these three areas: addressing social influences on health in clinical practice, longitudinal and vertical integration of clinical services and horizontal integration with community services and resources. In addition, barriers and facilitators to implementation are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina L Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 200 N Wolfe Street #2055, Rubenstein Building, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA,
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Pesce JE, Kpaduwa CS, Danis M. Deliberation to enhance awareness of and prioritize socioeconomic interventions for health. Soc Sci Med 2011; 72:789-97. [PMID: 21316832 PMCID: PMC3081785 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Health disparities are, to a large extent, the result of socio-economic factors that cannot be entirely mitigated through the health care system. While an array of social services are thought to be necessary to address the social determinants of health, budget constraints, particularly in difficult economic times, limit the availability of such services. It is therefore necessary to prioritize interventions through some fair process. While it might be appropriate to engage in public deliberation to set priorities, doing so requires that the public accept such a deliberative process and appreciate the social determinants of health. We therefore analyzed the results of a study in which groups deliberated to prioritize socio-economic interventions to examine whether these two requirements can possibly be met and to explore the basis for their priorities. A total of 431 residents of Washington, D.C. with incomes under 200% of the federal poverty threshold participated in 43 groups to engage in a hypothetical exercise to prioritize interventions designed to ameliorate the social determinants of health within the constraints of a limited budget. Findings from pre- and post-exercise questionnaires demonstrate that the priority setting exercise was perceived as a fair deliberative process, and that following the deliberation, participants became more likely to agree that a broad number of determinants contribute to their health. Qualitative analysis of the group discussions indicate that participants prioritized interventions that would provide for basic necessities and improve community conditions, while at the same time addressing more macro-structural factors such as homelessness and unemployment. We conclude that engaging small groups in deliberation about ways to address the social determinants of health can both change participant attitudes and yield informed priorities that might guide public policy aimed at most affordably reducing health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna E Pesce
- National Institutes of Health, Department of Clinical Bioethics, Building 10, Room 1C118, 10 Center Drive MSC 1156, Bethesda, MD 20892-1156, United States.
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