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Santifort KM, Plonek M, Grinwis GCM, Carrera I, Platt S. Case report: Surgical treatment and long-term successful outcome of a spinal intramedullary vascular malformation in a dog. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1243882. [PMID: 37645678 PMCID: PMC10461059 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1243882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A 3.5-year-old male intact Staffordshire terrier crossbreed dog was presented with a one-week history of progressive paraparesis with fecal and urinary incontinence. Neurological examination was consistent with a T3-L3 myelopathy. A magnetic resonance imaging study revealed the presence of a well-circumscribed hemorrhagic space-occupying lesion at the level of T12, suspected to be a vascular malformation, such as cavernoma or arteriovenous fistula, primary hematoma or hamartoma; less likely considerations included hemorrhagic inflammation or hemorrhagic primary or secondary neoplasia. A dorsal laminectomy, durotomy, and midline dorsal myelotomy were performed with a surgical microscope, and the vascular lesion was identified and removed. Histological examination of surgical samples yielded fibrin, hemorrhage, hematoidin pigment, and some neural tissue. Although a lining wall was visualized during surgery consistent with a vascular malformation, there was no histological confirmation of such a structure, hampering definitive classification of the lesion. There was no gross or histopathological evidence that would support a diagnosis of a hamartoma or benign neoplasia. The dog was paraplegic with intact nociception the day following surgery. Ambulation was recovered within 2 weeks. Progressive and complete recovery of neurological function was seen over the next 12 weeks. No recurrence of neurological dysfunction was seen over a 12-month follow-up period. Surgical treatment should be considered in dogs with spinal intramedullary vascular lesions which can have a successful long-term outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen M. Santifort
- Neurology, IVC Evidensia Small Animal Referral Hospital Arnhem, Arnhem, Netherlands
- Neurology, IVC Evidensia Small Animal Referral Hospital Hart van Brabant, Waalwijk, Netherlands
| | - Marta Plonek
- Neurology, IVC Evidensia Small Animal Referral Hospital Arnhem, Arnhem, Netherlands
| | - Guy C. M. Grinwis
- Department of Biomedical Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Pathology Diagnostic Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ines Carrera
- Vet Oracle Teleradiology, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Platt
- Vet Oracle Teleradiology, Norfolk, United Kingdom
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Williams MJ, Baughman BS, Shores A, Gibson RMB, Beasley MJ, Morgan TW, Williams ML. CSF from a puppy with a cerebral vascular hamartoma. Vet Clin Pathol 2023; 52:97-101. [PMID: 35974430 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A 9-week-old puppy with refractory seizures and a dome-shaped head presented to the Mississippi State College of Veterinary Medicine Specialty Center for suspected hydrocephalus. Computerized tomography (CT) findings included transtentorial herniation and an intra-axial mass with dystrophic mineralization. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed an increased nucleated cell count of 1100/μl (RI < 5/μl), erythrocyte count of 2.2 × 106 /μl, and markedly increased microprotein of 1939 mg/dl (RI < 30 mg/dl). On cytologic examination of the CSF, numerous erythrophagocytic, and hemosiderin-laden macrophages were observed, which indicated chronic active hemorrhage. Many neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes that contained numerous intracytoplasmic, pleomorphic, bright yellow crystals were observed. Considering the ongoing hemorrhage, the crystals were presumed to be hematoidin. A biopsy with histopathology was performed on the intra-axial mass, and the results were consistent with a vascular hamartoma. We speculate that the formation of these crystals was related to the ongoing hemorrhage associated with the vascular hamartoma. Identification of these crystals may be useful to aid in the identification of chronic hemorrhage associated with vascular malformations or lesions within the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie J Williams
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State College of Veterinary Medicine, Starkville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Brittany S Baughman
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State College of Veterinary Medicine, Starkville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Andy Shores
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State College of Veterinary Medicine, Starkville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Ryan M B Gibson
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State College of Veterinary Medicine, Starkville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Michaela J Beasley
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State College of Veterinary Medicine, Starkville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Timothy W Morgan
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State College of Veterinary Medicine, Starkville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Matthew L Williams
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State College of Veterinary Medicine, Starkville, Mississippi, USA
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Clanxet J, Teles M, Hernández-Losa J, Rueda MRE, Benitez-Fusté L, Pastor J. Gene expression profiles of beta-adrenergic receptors in canine vascular tumors: a preliminary study. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:206. [PMID: 35637463 PMCID: PMC9150297 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03317-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta adrenergic receptors (β-AR) play a key role in regulating several hallmark pathways of both benign and malignant human and canine tumors. There is scarce information on the expression of β-AR in canine vascular tumors. Therefore, the purpose of the present research work was to study the mRNA expression levels of the three subtypes of the β-AR genes (ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3) in hemangiosarcoma (HSA) and hemangioma (HA), as well as in vascular hamartomas (VH) from dogs.Fifty samples (n = 50) were obtained from 38 dogs. Twenty-three animals had HSA, eight animals HA and seven animals VH. HSA were auricular (n = 8), splenic (n = 5), cutaneous (n = 6), auricular and splenic (n = 2), cutaneous-muscular (n = 1) and disseminated (n = 1). There were seven cases of HSA that were divided into primary tumor and secondary (metastatic) tumor. Skin and muscle samples with a normal histological study were used as control group. ADRB gene expression was determinate in all samples by real-time quantitative PCR. Results showed that ADRB1, ADRB2 and ADRB3 were overexpressed in HSA when compared to the control group. ADRB2 was overexpressed in HA when compared to the control group. HSA express higher values of ADBR1 (p = 0.0178) compared to VH. There was a high inter-individual variability in the expression of the three subtypes of ADBR. No statistically significant difference in the expression of ADBR genes were observed between HSA primary when compared to metastatic or in different anatomical locations. In conclusion, canine HSA overexpress the three β-AR subtypes and canine HA β2-AR. High variability was observed in β-AR mRNA levels amongst HSA cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Clanxet
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariana Teles
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Hernández-Losa
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d´Hebron, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Josep Pastor
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
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Asada R, Hamamoto Y, Yu Y, Mizuno S, Chambers JK, Uchida K, Hasegawa D. Ventrolateral temporal lobectomy in normal dogs as a counterpart to human anterior temporal lobectomy: a preliminary study on the surgical procedure and complications. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1513-1520. [PMID: 34408102 PMCID: PMC8569885 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) is a surgical procedure for drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy that is commonly performed in human medicine. The purpose of this study was to determine whether ATL-like surgery, i.e., removal of the amygdala and hippocampal head, is possible in dogs, and to investigate its safety and postoperative complications. Eight healthy beagles underwent ATL-like surgery and were observed for 3 months postoperatively. Samples from the surgically resected tissues and postmortem brain were evaluated pathologically. The surgical survival rate was 62.5%. The major postoperative complications were visual impairment, temporal muscle atrophy on the operative side, and a postoperative acute symptomatic seizure. Due to the anatomical differences between dogs and humans, the surgically resected area to approach the medial temporal structures in dogs was the ventrolateral part of the temporal lobe. Therefore, the ATL-like surgery described in this study was named "ventrolateral temporal lobectomy" (VTL). This study is the first report of temporal lobectomy including amygdalohippocampectomy in veterinary medicine and demonstrates its feasibility. Although it requires some degree of skill, VTL could be a treatment option for canine drug-resistant epilepsy and lesions in the mesial temporal lobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikako Asada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyounancho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Yuji Hamamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyounancho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan.,Research Center for Animal Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyounancho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Yu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyounancho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan.,Research Center for Animal Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyounancho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mizuno
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyounancho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - James K Chambers
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyounancho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan.,Research Center for Animal Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyounancho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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Marr J, Miranda IC, Miller AD, Summers BA. A Review of Proliferative Vascular Disorders of the Central Nervous System of Animals. Vet Pathol 2020; 58:864-880. [PMID: 33302811 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820980707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In disease, blood vessel proliferation has many salient roles including in inflammation, when granulation tissue fills superficial defects, or in the recanalization of an occluded blood vessel. Sometimes angiogenesis goes awry-granulation can be exuberant, and plexiform proliferation of vascular components can contribute to pulmonary hypertension. This review focuses on the diverse manifestations of pathologic vascular overgrowth that occur in the brain, spinal cord, and meninges of animals from birth until old age. Entities discussed include systemic reactive angioendotheliomatosis in which glomeruloid vascular proliferations are encountered in various organs including the central nervous system (CNS). The triad of CNS vascular malformations, hamartomas, and benign vascular proliferations are an especially fraught category in which terminology overlap and the microscopic similarity of various disorders makes diagnostic classification incredibly challenging. Pathologists commonly take refuge in "CNS vascular hamartoma" despite the lack of any unique histopathologic features and we recommend that this diagnostic category be abandoned. Malformative lesions that are often confusing and have similar features; the conditions include arteriovenous malformation, cavernous angioma, venous angioma, and capillary telangiectases. Meningioangiomatosis, a benign meningovascular proliferation with dual components, is a unique entity seen most commonly in young dogs. Last, accepted neoplastic conditions range from lower-grade locally acquired growths like hemangioblastoma (a tumor of mysterious interstitial stromal cells encountered in the setting of abundant capillary vasculature proliferation), the rare hemangioendothelioma, and the highly malignant and invariably multifocal metastatic hemangiosarcoma. Additionally, this review draws on the comparative medical literature for further insights into this problematic topic in pathology.
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Glioneuronal Hamartomas in the Central Nervous System of Two Goats. J Comp Pathol 2020; 178:10-15. [PMID: 32800102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two goats (6 months old and 5 years old) were evaluated for neurological signs including laboured breathing, stiffness and obtundation. Solitary masses were noted in the brainstem and spinal cord, respectively. Histopathology of both cases revealed the lesions were composed of a mixture of glial and neuronal cells, consistent with glioneuronal hamartomas. The cause of death was attributed to the mass in the 6-month-old, while the cause of death in the 5-year-old was attributed to listeriosis. Hamartomas of neural origin are rarely described in veterinary species, and this report represents the first report of glioneuronal hamartomas in goats.
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Baron CP, Puntel FC, Fukushima FB, da Cunha O. Progressive cutaneous angiomatosis in the metatarsal region of a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 256:226-229. [PMID: 31910088 DOI: 10.2460/javma.256.2.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION A 1.5-year-old 4.0-kg (8.8-lb) castrated male mixed-breed cat was evaluated because of an 8-month history of repeated bleeding from a hole in the skin next to the left metatarsal pad. CLINICAL FINDINGS The cat had swelling in the distal region of the left pelvic limb, and blood dripped from a 2-mm-diameter hole in the skin adjacent and proximal to the metatarsal pad. Radiographic findings for the distal aspect of the left pelvic limb were compatible with a soft tissue inflammatory process. Results of histologic examination of a wedge biopsy sample, including the affected skin and subcutaneous tissue, indicated cutaneous angiomatosis. Angiography revealed anomalous vessels in the metatarsal region. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Surgical resection of the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and anomalous vessels in the affected metatarsal region of the left pelvic limb was performed. However, similar abnormal clinical signs recurred and did not respond to treatment, including prednisolone (2.0 mg/kg [0.9 mg/lb], PO, q 12 h for 4 days) and doxycycline (10 mg/kg [4.5 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h). The left pelvic limb was amputated, and no recurrence of similar abnormalities in the cat's other limbs was evident within a 15-month follow-up period. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Findings in the cat of the present report highlighted that cutaneous angiomatosis could recur in a short period of time and that amputation of the affected limb was a viable treatment option when surgical resection was not successful.
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9
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Nasopharyngeal Vascular Hamartoma in a Dog. Case Rep Vet Med 2020; 2020:9716179. [PMID: 32566355 PMCID: PMC7293740 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9716179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An 8-year-old spayed female 32 kg Labrador retriever was presented for further investigation into the underlying cause of dyspnea, stertor, and sleep apnea present for three months and worsening over 30 days. There were significant reduction in airflow through the nares and loud inspiratory stridor. Thoracic and cervical radiographs made were normal. A skull CT and retrograde rhinoscopy showed a mass occluding the majority of the nasopharynx above the caudal third of the hard palate. The main differential diagnoses included a neoplastic mass vs. inflammatory mass vs. cyst vs. mucous obstruction. There was no destruction of nasal turbinates, making a benign etiology more likely. Biopsy of the mass showed an inflammatory process. En bloc excision of the mass was performed via ventral rhinotomy without complication. Histopathology of the excised mass revealed it to be a mucosal vascular hamartoma. The dog recovered uneventfully and had no further respiratory issues, short or long term. Although vascular hamartomas are a rare finding in veterinary medicine, they can be found in a wide variety of species and anatomic locations. They should be considered when naming differentials for benign mass lesions throughout the body, including the nasopharynx. Although they are benign masses in nature, they can be clinically significant and should be addressed. Prognosis after removal in this location is excellent.
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Vicens Zanoguera L, Pumarola M, Ruhi P, Fernandez Rodriguez P, Luján Feliu‐Pascual A. Long‐term outcome of a surgically resected intracranial vascular hamartoma in a dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2020-001107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marti Pumarola
- Unit of Murine and Comparative PathologyDepartment of Animal Medicine and SurgeryUniversitat Autonoma de BarcelonaBellaterraBarcelonaSpain
| | - Paula Ruhi
- Aúna Especialidades VeterinariasValenciaSpain
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Driessen F, Cushing T, Baines SJ. Retroperitoneal lymphatic malformation in a dog. Acta Vet Scand 2020; 62:8. [PMID: 32007092 PMCID: PMC6995647 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-020-0506-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lymphatic vascular malformations are rare findings in canine patients with six reports available in veterinary literature. Retroperitoneal cystic lymphatic malformations have not been described previously in canine patients and neither has the use of immunohistochemistry to determine their origin, i.e. vascular versus lymphatic. Case presentation An 8-year-old neutered female Cocker spaniel was referred for pollakiuria, dysuria and a painful abdomen. Computed tomography scanning of the abdomen showed a fluid filled structure adjacent to the urinary bladder. During surgical exploration, a thin walled cystic structure with sero-haemorrhagic fluid was found, extending from the retroperitoneal space into the abdomen. The mass was excised and submitted for histopathology, revealing a cystic mass lined by a fibrovascular capsule within the retroperitoneal/mesenteric adipose tissue. The inner surface of the cyst was lined by a single layer of bland, flattened spindle cells. Intramural blood vessels were well differentiated, with perivascular haemorrhage. On recurrence 11 months later, the mass was excised for the second time and a PleuralPort (Norfolk Animal products) was placed. Fifteen months after initial presentation, progression occurred with haemorrhagic fluid in the cystic space, pleural- and abdominal cavities and the owners opted for euthanasia. Histopathology and positive immunohistochemistry for lymphatic markers lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronic acid receptor-1 (LYVE-1) and prospero homeobox protein-1 (PROX-1) confirmed a lymphatic vascular origin of the cystic structure. Conclusions To our experience, a definitive diagnosis of retroperitoneal cystic malformation of lymphatic origin could be done only by combining the clinical presentation, advanced imaging, histopathology and LYVE-1 and PROX-1 immunohistochemistry. This is the first report of a vascular malformation in a dog where immunohistochemistry was used to make a final diagnosis. A lymphatic malformation, even if rare, should be added on the list of the differential diagnosis in a patient with a retroperitoneal cystic structure containing serohaemorrhagic fluid. Results of this case report can aid in diagnosis of future cases, however, further studies on therapy and management are needed to provide additional information about optimal treatment of these patients.
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Taylor-Brown FE, Lamb CR, Martineau H, Muir C, Beltran E. IMAGING DIAGNOSIS-IMAGING AND HISTOPATHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A VERTEBRAL HAMARTOMA IN A CAT. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2016; 59:E12-E16. [PMID: 27910172 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A 9-month-old domestic shorthair cat had progressive ambulatory paraparesis, proprioceptive ataxia, and thoracolumbar hyperesthesia. An extradural mass affecting the left pedicle and lamina of the second lumbar vertebra (L2) causing marked spinal cord impingement was identified in magnetic resonance (MR) images. The mass was predominantly calcified in computed tomographic (CT) images. A hemilaminectomy was performed to resect the mass. Clinical signs were greatly improved at 12-month follow-up. The histopathologic diagnosis was vascular hamartoma. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the MR characteristics of a vascular hamartoma associated with the vertebral column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances E Taylor-Brown
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Christopher R Lamb
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Henny Martineau
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Clare Muir
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Elsa Beltran
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK
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Abstract
Abstract
There are numerous biomarkers of central and peripheral nervous system damage described in human and veterinary medicine. Many of these are already used as tools in the diagnosis of human neurological disorders, and many are investigated in regard to their use in small and large animal veterinary medicine. The following review presents the current knowledge about the application of cell-type (glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurofilament subunit NF-H, myelin basic protein) and central nervous system specific proteins (S100B, neuron specific enolase, tau protein, alpha II spectrin, ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1, creatine kinase BB) present in the cerebrospinal fluid and/or serum of animals in the diagnosis of central or peripheral nervous system damage in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Płonek
- Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic for Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw
| | - Marcin Wrzosek
- Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic for Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw
| | - Józef Nicpoń
- Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic for Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw
- Centre for Experimental Diagnostics and Biomedical Innovations, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw
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MacKillop E, Olby NJ, Linder KE, Brown TT. Intramedullary Cavernous Malformation of the Spinal Cord in Two Dogs. Vet Pathol 2016; 44:528-32. [PMID: 17606517 DOI: 10.1354/vp.44-4-528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Intramedullary cavernous malformations (CVMs) of the spinal cord were diagnosed in 2 adult dogs that presented for paraparesis. An intramedullary spinal cord lesion was identified on a myelogram in the first dog, and expansion of the vertebral canal was evident on radiographs in the second. Extensive intraparenchymal hemorrhage was found on gross postmortem examination in both dogs, and a distinct lobulated intramedullary mass was evident in the second dog. Microscopically, both lesions were composed of dilated, thin-walled vascular channels with little-to-no intervening neural parenchyma. Both dogs had evidence of channel thrombosis along with perilesional hemorrhage and hemosiderin accumulation. The second dog had additional degenerative changes, including thickened fibrous channel walls with hyalinization, foci of mineralization, and occasional tongues of entrapped gliotic neuropil. CVMs appear to be an uncommon cause of both acute and chronic spinal cord disease in the dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- E MacKillop
- North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27606-1428, USA
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Starost MF. Solitary Biliary Hamartoma with Cholelithiasis in a Domestic Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Vet Pathol 2016; 44:92-5. [PMID: 17197630 DOI: 10.1354/vp.44-1-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hamartomas of the liver and biliary system are extremely rare entities in both animals and humans. Biliary hamartomas in humans are usually multiple and constitute the von Meyenburg complexes. This report describes the presence of a large solitary mass arising from the edge of the right medial liver lobe of a domestic rabbit. Histologically, the mass was composed of an extensive network of large varying sized cystic structures lined by simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium within an abundant fibrous stroma. Within many of the cyst lumina were varying sized, pale white to greenish hard concretions identified as choleliths and were analyzed and found to be composed of calcium carbonate. This is the first known report of biliary hamartoma with cholelithiasis in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Starost
- National Institutes of Health, Office of Research Services, Division of Veterinary Resources, Bldg 28A, room 106, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Borel N, Grest P, Junge H, Wehrli Eser M. Vascular hamartoma in the central nervous system of a foal. J Vet Diagn Invest 2014; 26:805-9. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638714548681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular hamartomas are non-neoplastic developmental anomalies of vessels. Cases of cerebral vascular hamartomas have been previously reported in dogs and cats. A 4-week-old Freiberger foal had shown persistent problems with breathing and swallowing since birth, and bilateral laryngeal paralysis was diagnosed. The foal subsequently developed left sided facial nerve paralysis and a secondary corneal ulcer in the left eye. Necropsy revealed a pinkish mass in the obex region of the brain. The mass was further investigated by histology and immunohistochemistry. Histologically, the mass consisted of many thin-walled, blood-filled vascular structures of variable diameter involving the white matter of the obex. The lining cells were immunohistochemically positive for factor VIII (von Willebrand factor) interpreted as endothelial cells. The endothelial lining showed also variable immunoreactivity for smooth muscle actin and vimentin. Normal neural parenchyma labeled with antibodies directed against glial fibrillary acidic protein and neuron-specific enolase was present between the vascular proliferations. A diagnosis of focal vascular hamartoma in the obex was made. The development of clinical signs is attributed to the compression of the surrounding neural parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Borel
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology (Borel, Grest), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Clinic for Equine Internal Medicine, Equine Department (Junge, Wehrli Eser), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paula Grest
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology (Borel, Grest), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Clinic for Equine Internal Medicine, Equine Department (Junge, Wehrli Eser), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hannah Junge
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology (Borel, Grest), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Clinic for Equine Internal Medicine, Equine Department (Junge, Wehrli Eser), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Meret Wehrli Eser
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology (Borel, Grest), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Clinic for Equine Internal Medicine, Equine Department (Junge, Wehrli Eser), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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19
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Sebastianelli M, Mandara M, Pavone S, Canal S, Bernardini M. Thalamic astrocytic hamartoma and associated meningoangiomatosis in a German shepherd dog. Res Vet Sci 2013; 94:644-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Shirota M, Kawashima J, Nakamura T, Ogawa Y, Kamiie J, Shirota K. Vascular hamartoma in the uterus of a female Sprague-Dawley rat with an episode of vaginal bleeding. Toxicol Pathol 2013; 41:1011-5. [PMID: 23416960 DOI: 10.1177/0192623313476575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An annular, reddened lesion with mild serosal hemorrhage and no tumorous mass formation was detected in the right uterine horn of a 37-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rat that had postpubertal vaginal bleeding. Histological examination revealed prominent proliferation of the endometrium, which occupied the uterine lumen. There were numerous aberrant vascular spaces filled with erythrocytes, proliferation of stromal cells, and inflammatory infiltrates including hemosiderin-laden macrophages in the endometrium. These vasculatures extended into the myometrium, and in a transverse section of the lesion, they were mostly distributed throughout the circumference of the uterus. They were irregular in shape and interconnected, forming a large vascular sinus and anastomosing reticular channels. In the area with serosal hemorrhage, the muscular layer covering the large irregular vascular space had undergone degeneration and necrosis. The lining cells of the vasculatures were often plump, and they protruded into the lumen and were arranged in a tombstone or hobnail manner. Immunostaining revealed that these cells were positive for von Willebrand factor and CD34. The aberrant vasculatures were not accompanied by pericytes or muscular layer, although a discontinuous muscular wall was present around some of them. From these results, the uterine lesion was diagnosed as a vascular hamartoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Shirota
- 1Laboratory of Comparative Toxicology, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
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21
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Miller AG, Halsey CH, Miller MD, Bohn AA. What is your diagnosis? Intracranial mass in a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2011; 40:563-564. [PMID: 22093113 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2011.00367.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy G Miller
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology
| | | | - Matthew D Miller
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Andrea A Bohn
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology
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22
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MacKillop E. Magnetic resonance imaging of intracranial malformations in dogs and cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2011; 52:S42-51. [PMID: 21392155 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2010.01784.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial malformations may occur because of an inherent developmental defect or secondary to in utero injury to the brain with subsequent hypoplasia and atrophy. They can cause neurologic deficits in growing animals, although some anomalies may not produce clinical signs until adulthood. Malformations of the brain include hydrocephalus, hydranencephaly/porencephaly, holoprosencephaly, corpus callosum agenesis/dysgenesis, lissencephaly, polymicrogyria, meningoencephalocele, intracranial cysts, cerebellar malformations, and hamartomas. These conditions are defined and reviewed with an emphasis on their features in magnetic resonance images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward MacKillop
- Pittsburgh Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Center (PVS-EC), Pittsburgh, PA 15237, USA.
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23
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Martin-Vaquero P, Moore SA, Wolk KE, Oglesbee MJ. Cerebral vascular hamartoma in a geriatric cat. J Feline Med Surg 2011; 13:286-90. [PMID: 21277244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
An 11-year-old castrated male domestic medium hair cat was presented with neurological signs consistent with a right thalamocortical lesion. Computed tomography (CT) images revealed a heterogeneously, hyperattenuating, poorly contrast enhancing intra-axial mass within the right lateral ventricle. The histological diagnosis at post-mortem examination was vascular hamartoma with hemorrhage and necrosis. This is the first report of a vascular hamartoma affecting the thalamocortex in a geriatric cat. Also, this is the first time that CT images of a feline cerebral vascular hamartoma have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Martin-Vaquero
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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24
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SAKURAI M, MORITA T, KONDO H, UEMURA T, HARUNA A, SHIMADA A. Cerebral Vascular Hamartoma with Thrombosis in a Dog. J Vet Med Sci 2011; 73:1367-9. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.11-0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi SAKURAI
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University
| | - Takehito MORITA
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University
| | - Hiroyuki KONDO
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University
| | | | | | - Akinori SHIMADA
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University
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25
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EICHELBERGER BUNITAM, KRAFT SUSANL, HALSEY CHARLESHC, PARK RICHARDD, MILLER MATTHEWD, KLOPP LISA. IMAGING DIAGNOSIS-MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FINDINGS OF PRIMARY CEREBRAL HEMANGIOMA. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2010; 52:188-91. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2010.01766.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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26
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Chambers BA, Laksito MA, Fliegner RA, McCowan C, Beck C, Yates GD. Nasal vascular hamartoma in a Domestic Shorthair cat. Aust Vet J 2010; 88:107-11. [PMID: 20402695 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2009.00548.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A nasal mass in a Domestic Shorthair cat was causing facial deformity, sneezing and intermittent epistaxis. Biopsy samples obtained previously had been non-diagnostic. Computed tomography images revealed an irregular, contrast-enhancing mass occupying a large portion of the righthand side of the nasal cavity. Previously described criteria for malignancy were not present. A ventral surgical approach combined with temporary, ipsilateral, common carotid arterial occlusion provided excellent access for debulking the lesion and collecting samples for histopathology. A nasal vascular hamartoma was diagnosed and clinical signs resolved postoperatively. This is the first documentation of this abnormality in the cat. Hamartomatous abnormalities should be included on the list of differential diagnoses for feline nasal mass lesions. The prognosis for hamartomatous lesions postoperatively is good, in keeping with their limited propensity for growth after maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Chambers
- University of Melbourne Veterinary Clinic and Hospital, 250 Princes Hwy, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia.
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27
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Smith TJ, Baltzer WI, Ruaux CG, Heidel JR, Carney P. Gastric smooth muscle hamartoma in a cat. J Feline Med Surg 2010; 12:334-7. [PMID: 20022274 PMCID: PMC11135595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An 11-year-old cat presented for evaluation of intermittent vomiting, constipation and hyporexia of 3 weeks duration. Ultrasonographic and endoscopic examination revealed a soft tissue mass adjacent to the lower gastro-esophageal sphincter. Surgical excision of the mass was successfully performed resulting in a resolution of clinical signs. Histologically the mass was consistent with a smooth muscle hamartoma. At follow-up 7 months after surgery, the cat remained free from clinical signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Smith
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
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29
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Gualtieri M, Cocci A, Monti S, Olivero D. Surgical removal of a localised vascular hepatic hamartoma in a dog. Aust Vet J 2009; 87:360-2. [PMID: 19703137 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2009.00472.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A 2-year-old male Labrador Retriever was presented for sudden abdominal distension. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed abundant abdominal fluid and a hepatic mass, which was removed by total lobectomy. Histologic evaluation of the mass supported a vascular hepatic hamartoma. Vascular hamartomas are rare malformations in animals and only two cases have been reported in the dog. This is the first recorded case of a canine vascular hepatic hamartoma treated surgically and having a successful long-term outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gualtieri
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, Milan, Italy.
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30
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Parkes JD, Kline KL, Riedesel EA, Haynes JS. A vascular hamartoma arising from the cervical spine of a cat. J Feline Med Surg 2009; 11:724-7. [PMID: 19564125 PMCID: PMC11132586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2008.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A 15-month-old cat presented for evaluation of worsening generalized proprioceptive ataxia. Computed tomography of the cervical spine revealed the presence of a compressive extradural bony mass involving the dorsal aspect of C1. Surgical exploration and debulking of the mass was performed. Histological evaluation of the mass revealed fibrovascular tissue consistent with a vascular hamartoma. This mass was deemed to be originating from the soft tissue associated with the C1 vertebra with subsequent bony proliferation. Surgical debulking of the mass resulted in complete resolution of clinical signs with no evidence of recurrence 2 years after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Parkes
- Georgia Veterinary Specialists, 455 Abernathy Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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31
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IDE T, UCHIDA K, MOROZUMI M, NAKAYAMA H. Hamartoma in the Medulla Oblongata with Marked Mineral Deposits in a Dog. J Vet Med Sci 2009; 71:1097-100. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.71.1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya IDE
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo
| | - Kazuyuki UCHIDA
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo
| | - Motoji MOROZUMI
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo
| | - Hiroyuki NAKAYAMA
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo
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32
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Blankenship B, Dold C, Jensen E, Smith C, Van Bonn W, Ridgway S. Neuronal migration defect: a case of subcortical heterotopia in a California sea lion. Vet Pathol 2008; 45:412-6. [PMID: 18487504 DOI: 10.1354/vp.45-3-412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A 2 and a half-year-old male California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) presented with a history of intermittent generalized seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large focal mass occupying the right cerebral hemisphere with moderate dilatation of the contralateral lateral ventricle. At necropsy, the right cerebral hemispheric white matter was expanded by numerous irregularly shaped, pale pink nodules up to 10 mm in diameter. The overlying cortex was characterized by increased numbers of small, poorly developed gyri with shallow, often indistinct, sulci (polymicrogyria). Microscopically, nodules were composed of neurons, oligodendroglia, microglia, and supporting neuropil and were well delineated from the surrounding white matter. The gross, histological, and immunohistochemical features of this lesion are consistent with a neuronal migration defect resulting in unilateral subcortical heterotopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Blankenship
- United States Navy Marine Mammal Program, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Abstract
Cerebellar vascular hamartoma was diagnosed in a 16-month-old cat following magnetic resonance imaging and incisional biopsy. The clinical features were consistent with the cerebellar site of the lesion accompanied by signs attributable to cerebellar herniation through the foramen magnum and increased intra-cranial pressure. A lesion of this type represents a previously unreported differential diagnosis for central nervous system lesions in young cats.
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34
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Alexander K, Huneault L, Foster R, d'Anjou MA. Magnetic resonance imaging and marsupialization of a hemorrhagic intramedullary vascular anomaly in the cervical portion of the spinal cord of a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2008; 232:399-404. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.232.3.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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35
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36
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Sugiyama A, Ozaki K, Takeuchi T, Narama I. Cardiac Vascular Hamartoma in Two Slaughtered Cattle. J Comp Pathol 2007; 136:202-5. [PMID: 17368473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2007.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2006] [Accepted: 01/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two cases of cardiac vascular hamartoma were detected in slaughtered cattle. In each case, a single nodular protrusion (ca 2.5 cm in diameter) was located in the same part of the right atrium. Tortuous vessels of variable size with irregular lumina were seen on the cut surface of each nodule. Microscopically, there were many dysplastic vascular structures within the nodules. The vascular structures showed various changes such as irregular thickening of the tunica intima and the tunica media, walls with variable amounts of fibres (elastic, collagen and smooth muscle), some of which were disarranged. Mature adipose tissue and fibrous connective tissue were seen close to the vascular structures and intervascular tissue. In the nodules, bundles of cardiac muscle were disorganized, intermingled with connective tissue, and in some areas embedded within fibrous connective tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sugiyama
- Department of Laboratory Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Minami 4-101 Koyama-cho, Tottori, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
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37
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Abstract
A primary cerebral hemangiosarcoma was identified in a 6-week-old, female, cross-breed dog. Grossly, the tumor mass was poorly demarcated from the adjacent neuropil, hemorrhagic, and caused effacement of the right dorsolateral cerebral hemisphere. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of an infiltrative mass of small vascular channels lined by neoplastic endothelial cells that stained variably with factor VIII-related antigen and negatively with glial fibrillary acidic protein. This is the first description of a primary intracranial hemangiosarcoma in an immature dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Gabor
- Diagnostic Services, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PEI, C1A 4P3 Canada.
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38
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Steinberg H, Paré JA, Paul-Murphy J. A Dermal Vascular Hamartoma in a Sun Conure (Aratinga solstitialis). J Avian Med Surg 2006. [DOI: 10.1647/2005-028r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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39
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Brunson BL, Taintor J, Newton J, Schumacher J, Christman U. Vascular hamartoma in the tongue of a horse. J Equine Vet Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2006.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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40
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Muhle AC, Kircher P, Fazer R, Scheidegger J, Lang J, Jaggy A. Intracranial haemorrhage in an eight-week-old puppy. Vet Rec 2004; 154:338-9. [PMID: 15068045 DOI: 10.1136/vr.154.11.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A C Muhle
- Section of Veterinary Neurology, Department for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Berne, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, 3012 Berne, Switzerland
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41
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Osofsky A, De Cock HEV, Tell LA, Norris AJ, White SD. Cutaneous vascular malformation in a guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). Vet Dermatol 2004; 15:47-52. [PMID: 14989706 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2004.00364.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A skin lesion classified as a vascular malformation is reported in a young-adult, female guinea pig. The physical examination revealed a 3 x 2-cm irregularly shaped violaceous plaque located on the left caudal flank. The surface of the plaque was ulcerated and bled intermittently, resulting in fatal blood loss. On histology the mass consisted of variably sized vascular spaces filled with red blood cells and variable amounts of extramedullary haematopoietic cells, lined by well-differentiated endothelial cells often surrounded by one layer of spindle-shaped cells. Based on immunohistochemistry, the spindle cell population was confirmed to be smooth muscle cells and no proliferation of endothelial cells was found with the Ki67 proliferation marker. Histological and immunohistochemical findings were consistent with a vascular malformation. Classification of vascular malformations and potential treatments are discussed. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of a cutaneous vascular lesion in a guinea pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Osofsky
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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42
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Cantile C, Baroni M, Tartarelli CL, Campani D, Salvadori C, Arispici M. Intramedullary hemangioblastoma in a dog. Vet Pathol 2003; 40:91-4. [PMID: 12627718 DOI: 10.1354/vp.40-1-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A 6-year-old male Pointer dog was presented with a 4-week history of progressive hind-limb stiffness. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a focal intramedullary lesion at T1 level with a pattern of ring contrast enhancement. At necropsy, a circumscribed intramedullary reddish-gray tumor was observed. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of thin-walled capillaries lined by endothelial cells and separated by pleomorphic cells (stromal cells) with a moderate degree of anisokaryosis. Immunohistochemically, the endothelial cells were positive for factor VIII-related antigen and the stromal cells were positive for neuron-specific enolase and vimentin. GFAP-positive astrocytes were occasionally observed within the tumor. Both endothelial and stromal cells were negative for synaptophysin, S-100 protein, pankeratin, smooth muscle actin, CD34, CD68, alpha1-antichymotrypsin, and lysozyme. The tumor showed considerable morphologic and immunohistochemical similarities with human hemangioblastoma, and hence the inclusion of this tumor type within the primary neoplasms of the canine central nervous system is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cantile
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Pisa, Italy.
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