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Jankowska U, Jagielski D, Czopowicz M, Sapierzyński R. Prognostic role of the updated Kiel classification in canine high-grade T-cell lymphomas. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1398. [PMID: 38767567 PMCID: PMC11104423 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine and describe the prognostic role of the morphological subtype determined according to the updated Kiel classification in dogs with high-grade T-cell lymphomas (HGTCLs) depending on the treatment applied. OBJECTIVES The HGTCLs were classified into three subtypes according to the updated Kiel classification: pleomorphic mixed (PM), lymphoblastic lymphoma/acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and plasmacytoid (P). The treatment was divided into a palliative therapy (PlT) group and a chemotherapy (ChT) group. METHODS The study was conducted between 2009 and 2017, and it enrolled 58 dogs in which cytomorphological and immunocytochemistry diagnoses were HGTCL. RESULTS Overall survival (OS) was significantly longer in the ChT group (median OS-4 months, interquartile range [IQR] from 2 to 8 months) than in the PlT group (median OS-6 weeks, IQR from 1 week to 3 months). In the PlT group, PM subtype and glucocorticosteroids (GCSs) treatment proved significantly and independently linked to longer OS and approximately three-fold lower risk of death during the study period (adjusted hazard ratio [HRadj] = 0.26, confidence interval [CI] 95%: 0.08-0.81; p = 0.020 and HRadj = 0.30, CI 95%: 0.11-0.77; p = 0.013, respectively), although due to small group size, precision of estimations was poor (wide CI 95%). In the ChT group, >7 days elapsing between diagnosis and the beginning of chemotherapy and GCS treatment prior to chemotherapy were significantly associated with lower chance of complete remission (CR; p = 0.034 for both); GCS treatment prior to chemotherapy was significantly associated with shorter OS (p = 0.016); chemotherapy based on the modified CHOP protocol was significantly associated with higher chance of CR (p = 0.034) and longer OS (p = 0.039); and CR was significantly linked to longer OS (p = 0.001). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The morphological subtype of HGTCL has some prognostic value in dogs treated palliatively (with PM subtype associated with longer OS than P subtype); however, this effect is no longer visible when a dog is treated with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dariusz Jagielski
- Białobrzeska Veterinary ClinicWarsawPoland
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical SciencesInstitute of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary SciencesNicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorunPoland
| | - Michał Czopowicz
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and EconomicsInstitute of Veterinary MedicineWarsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW)WarsawPoland
| | - Rafał Sapierzyński
- Division of Animal PathologyDepartment of Pathology and Veterinary DiagnosticsInstitute of Veterinary MedicineWarsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW)WarsawPoland
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Ubiali A, Martini V, Comazzi S, Iussich S, Miniscalco B, Poggi A, Morello E, Roccabianca P, Rütgen B, Zamboni C, Riondato F. Granulocytic neoplasm suggestive of primary myeloid sarcoma in 3 dogs. Vet Pathol 2024:3009858241257897. [PMID: 38842063 DOI: 10.1177/03009858241257897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a solid tumor of granulocytic origin with extramedullary localization. This tumor is rare in humans and animals. The diagnostic approach is heterogeneous, and the definitive diagnosis may be difficult to achieve. Primary MS has never been described as a spontaneous neoplasm in companion dogs. Two purebred and 1 mixed-breed dogs, 6- to 11-year-old, developed round cell tumors in the mediastinum, lymph nodes (LNs) and tonsils, and LNs, respectively. Granulocytic origin and exclusion of lymphoid lineage were confirmed by flow cytometry, supported by immunohistochemistry or immunocytochemistry. Pivotal to the diagnosis were positive labeling for myeloid (CD11b, CD14) and hematopoietic precursors (CD34) markers, along with negative labeling for lymphoid markers. Blood and bone marrow infiltration were not detected at initial diagnosis, excluding acute myeloid leukemia. The behavior of these tumors was aggressive, resulting in poor clinical outcomes, even when chemotherapy was attempted.
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Akiyoshi M, Hisasue M, Goto-Koshino Y, Asakawa MG, Neo S, Akiyoshi M, Tomiyasu H. Clinicopathologic findings of splenic marginal zone lymphoma with gallbladder involvement that progressed to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2024; 53:234-241. [PMID: 38806404 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
A 12-year-old spayed female Dalmatian presented with acute vomiting and anorexia. The clinicopathological and imaging abnormalities included icterus, biliary obstruction, and multiple diffuse splenic hypoechogenic nodules. Cholecystectomy was performed to remove the obstruction, followed by liver biopsy and splenectomy. Histopathological and immunohistology evaluation of the spleen, liver, and gallbladder revealed splenic marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) with gallbladder and hepatic infiltration of neoplastic CD20/CD79α-positive cells. Moreover, we observed clonal rearrangements of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain (IgH) gene in all three tissues. The dog was in good condition without chemotherapy. However, there was progressive elevation of liver enzymes, which could be attributed to neoplastic hepatic infiltration. Chlorambucil and prednisolone were administered until day 108, when the liver enzyme levels normalized. On day 156, the dog developed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the peripheral lymph nodes. Sequence analysis of the clonally rearranged IgH gene revealed that all neoplastic cells in the spleen, gallbladder, and liver at initial presentation, as well as lymph nodes on day 156, possessed the same sequence identity of the amplified IgH fragments. This demonstrated that all neoplastic cells were derived from the same B-lymphocyte clone. The DLBCL was considered to have transformed from the splenic MZL, with gallbladder involvement. In cases of splenic MZL, it is important to consider gallbladder involvement and transformation to DLBCL. Moreover, gallbladder lymphoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of dogs with gallbladder abnormalities. Further studies are warranted to investigate the prognosis of splenic MZL.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Dogs
- Female
- Dog Diseases/pathology
- Dog Diseases/diagnosis
- Splenic Neoplasms/veterinary
- Splenic Neoplasms/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/veterinary
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/veterinary
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/diagnosis
- Gallbladder Neoplasms/veterinary
- Gallbladder Neoplasms/pathology
- Gallbladder/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Akiyoshi
- Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, Japan
- Akiyoshi Animal Clinic, Yamato City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaharu Hisasue
- Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuko Goto-Koshino
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Veterinary Medical Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Midori Goto Asakawa
- Clinical and Anatomic Pathology Unit, Veterinary Specialists Emergency Center, Kawaguchi City, Saitama, Japan
| | - Sakurako Neo
- Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis, Azabu University, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Hirotaka Tomiyasu
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Hammer SE, Sprung J, Škor O, Burger S, Hofer M, Schwendenwein I, Rütgen BC. Exploratory screening for micro-RNA biomarkers in canine multicentric lymphoma. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1379146. [PMID: 38828367 PMCID: PMC11141397 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1379146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphoma is one of the most frequent hematopoietic tumors in dogs and shares similar features with human counterparts. MicroRNAs (miRNA, small non-coding RNAs) are pivotal in gene regulation fine tuning and cancer hallmarks are influenced by their aberrant expression. Consequently, miRNA biomarkers may assist predicting therapeutic response and clinical outcome by providing less-invasive novel diagnostics tools. The aim of this study was to detect dysregulated miRNAs in lymphomatous lymph node tissues in comparison to lymph node material or PBMCs from healthy control dogs. Potential significant differences in miRNA expression profiles between four lymphoma entities were evaluated. A customized PCR array was utilized to profile 89 canine target miRNAs. Quantification was performed using qPCR, relative expression was determined by the delta-delta Ct method, and p-values were calculated with student's t-test. In the 14 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients, 28 and 24 different miRNAs were significantly dysregulated compared to lymph node material or PBMCs. Sixteen miRNAs occurred in both control groups, with 12 miRNAs being down- and four miRNAs being upregulated. The six peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) samples showed 24 and 25 dysregulated miRNAs when compared to the healthy controls. A combined analysis of DLBCL and PTCL samples revealed seven shared and 19 differently expressed miRNAs. Potential biomarkers in T- and B-cell lymphoma could be the miRNA-17/92 cluster and miRNA-181-family together with miRNA-34a and miRNA-150. Diagnostic utility of potential biomarkers must be validated in larger, prospective cohorts of canine lymphoma cases and in higher numbers of physiological patient material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine E. Hammer
- Immunology, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Sprung
- Immunology, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ondřej Škor
- Laboklin GMBH & CO.KG, Bad Kissingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Burger
- VetBioBank, VetCore, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Hofer
- Genomics Core Facility, VetCore, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilse Schwendenwein
- Clinical Pathology, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara C. Rütgen
- Clinical Pathology, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Pereira VDC, Henker LC, Menegatt JCO, Vielmo A, Bertolini M, Legramanti WM, Panziera W, Bandinelli MB, Pavarini SP. Primary third eyelid lymphoma with aggressive local behavior in a dog. Top Companion Anim Med 2024:100864. [PMID: 38513794 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2024.100864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Lymphoma is the most common hematopoietic neoplasm in dogs. However, cases primarily involving the third eyelid are rarely reported in the species. The subtype most frequently described in this location is marginal zone lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, which has an indolent behavior. A 10-year-old intact female Poodle was presented with a 2-month history of a nodule in the left third eyelid for evaluation. This nodule was surgically excised; however, local recurrence was detected nineteen days postoperatively, with the formation of a mass that expanded and replaced the extraocular orbital tissues and infiltrated the eye. Euthanasia was elected due to the deteriorating clinical condition, and a necropsy was performed. Macroscopically, the mass infiltrated and expanded the eyelids with narrowing of the palpebral fissure, expanded into the orbital space, and infiltrated the cornea and bulbar conjunctiva. Histologically, the mass was composed of sheets of intermediate to large neoplastic lymphocytes, with frequent epitheliotropism and tingible bodies. Neoplastic lymphocytes were immunoreactive for PAX5, CD20, and CD79a and were not immunoreactive for CD3. The neoplasm was restricted to the left eyelid and orbit. A diagnosis of primary third eyelid lymphoma (extranodal) with immunophenotype B and locally aggressive behavior was made based on the macroscopic, histological, and immunohistochemical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa de C Pereira
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Pr. 42505, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Luan C Henker
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Pr. 42505, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jean C O Menegatt
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Pr. 42505, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andréia Vielmo
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Pr. 42505, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marianna Bertolini
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Pr. 42505, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Welden Panziera
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Pr. 42505, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcele B Bandinelli
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Pr. 42505, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Saulo P Pavarini
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Pr. 42505, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Corvera G, Alegría-Morán R, Cifuentes FF, Torres CG. Pathological Characterization and Risk Factors of Splenic Nodular Lesions in Dogs ( Canis lupus familiaris). Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:802. [PMID: 38473187 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In dogs, the spleen is a secondary lymphoid organ that can be affected by both neoplastic and non-neoplastic nodules. In general, few studies relate histopathological diagnosis to tumor size and the number of nodules in spleen biopsies. Some of these studies are inconclusive regarding the difference between neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions and have small sample sizes or do not consider all splenic lesions. This study aimed to characterize splenic masses and determine risk factors for spleen tumors in dogs. A total of 507 histological reports corresponding to the diagnosis of splenic lesions in dogs from a private laboratory of animal pathology in the Metropolitan Region, Chile, were used. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression. The most frequent neoplastic and non-neoplastic diagnoses were hemangiosarcoma and hyperplasia, respectively. Most of the cases occurred in male (265 cases, 52.3%), senior (421 cases, 83%), and purebred individuals (342 cases, 67.5%). The most affected breeds were the Cocker Spaniel, German Shepherd, and Labrador Retriever. The most frequent lesion was a single nodule. The variables that exhibited a greater risk for the presentation of splenic neoplasia were male sex (odds ratio (OR) = 16.21; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.741-150.879; p = 0.014), the presence of two or more splenic nodules (OR = 3.94; 95% CI 2.168-7.177; p < 0.001), an increase in nodule size greater than 2 cm (OR for quartiles 2, 3 and 4 of 2.2; 95% CI 1.036-4.941; p = 0.041, 2.9; 95% CI 1.331-6.576; p = 0.008, and 3.6; 95% CI 1.562-8.499; p = 0.003, respectively), and increasing age (OR = 1.23; 95% CI 1.048-1.436; p = 0.011). On the other hand, males exhibited a lower risk as age increases (OR = 0.76; 95% CI 0.615-0.928; p = 0.008). In conclusion, this study identified that males, multinodular presentation, nodule size, and age are risk factors for the occurrence of splenic neoplasia in dogs, knowledge that will contribute to the diagnostic management of dogs with spleen lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Corvera
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - Raúl Alegría-Morán
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Natural Resources and Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago 8370003, Chile
| | | | - Cristian Gabriel Torres
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
- Centralized Veterinary Research Lab, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
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Marsilio S, Freiche V, Johnson E, Leo C, Langerak AW, Peters I, Ackermann MR. ACVIM consensus statement guidelines on diagnosing and distinguishing low-grade neoplastic from inflammatory lymphocytic chronic enteropathies in cats. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:794-816. [PMID: 37130034 PMCID: PMC10229359 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphoplasmacytic enteritis (LPE) and low-grade intestinal T cell lymphoma (LGITL) are common diseases in older cats, but their diagnosis and differentiation remain challenging. OBJECTIVES To summarize the current literature on etiopathogenesis and diagnosis of LPE and LGITL in cats and provide guidance on the differentiation between LPE and LGITL in cats. To provide statements established using evidence-based approaches or where such evidence is lacking, statements based on consensus of experts in the field. ANIMALS None. METHODS A panel of 6 experts in the field (2 internists, 1 radiologist, 1 anatomic pathologist, 1 clonality expert, 1 oncologist) with the support of a human medical immunologist, was formed to assess and summarize evidence in the peer-reviewed literature and complement it with consensus recommendations. RESULTS Despite increasing interest on the topic for clinicians and pathologists, few prospective studies were available, and interpretation of the pertinent literature often was challenging because of the heterogeneity of the cases. Most recommendations by the panel were supported by a moderate or low level of evidence. Several understudied areas were identified, including cellular markers using immunohistochemistry, genomics, and transcriptomic studies. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE To date, no single diagnostic criterion or known biomarker reliably differentiates inflammatory lesions from neoplastic lymphoproliferations in the intestinal tract of cats and a diagnosis currently is established by integrating all available clinical and diagnostic data. Histopathology remains the mainstay to better differentiate LPE from LGITL in cats with chronic enteropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Marsilio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and EpidemiologyUC Davis School of Veterinary MedicineDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Valerie Freiche
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'AlfortCHUVA, Unité de Médecine InterneMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | - Eric Johnson
- Department of Surgical & Radiological SciencesUC Davis School of Veterinary MedicineDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Chiara Leo
- Anicura Istituto Veterinario NovaraNovaraItaly
| | | | | | - Mark R. Ackermann
- Oregon Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
- Present address:
US Department of AgricultureNational Animal Disease CenterAmesIowaUSA
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Ko YU, Bae MK, Sur JH, Choe NH. Analysis of the Prevalence of Canine Splenic Mass Lesions in Republic of Korea via Histopathological Diagnosis with Immunohistochemistry. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10040247. [PMID: 37104402 PMCID: PMC10143242 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10040247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The histopathological diagnosis of canine splenic mass lesions is crucial for prognostication. However, thus far, no study has been conducted on the histopathology of canine splenic mass lesions in Republic of Korea. Herein, the prevalence of splenic diseases was analyzed in 137 canine splenic mass lesions via histopathological diagnosis, and the microscopic pattern associated with each disorder was described. Immunohistochemistry was performed for CD31, CD3, PAX5, Iba1, and C-kit for a more accurate diagnosis of splenic tumors. The proportion of non-neoplastic disorders, including nodular hyperplasia (48.2%, n = 66) and hematoma (24.1%, n = 33), was 72.3%. Splenic tumors, including splenic hemangiosarcoma (10.2%, n = 14), splenic lymphoma (nodular and diffuse types, 8.0%, n = 11), splenic stromal sarcoma (7.3%, n = 10), myelolipoma (1.5%, n = 2), and mast cell tumors (0.7%, n = 1), accounted for 27.7% of cases. The results of this study will aid veterinary clinicians in communication with pet owners about prognoses, recommendations for splenectomy, and subsequent histopathological diagnoses. This study will facilitate further investigations with more detailed comparisons of splenic mass lesions between small- and large-breed dogs.
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Mott Cell Differentiation in Canine Multicentric B Cell Lymphoma with Cross-Lineage Rearrangement and Lineage Infidelity in a Dog. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9100549. [PMID: 36288162 PMCID: PMC9610087 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9100549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The scientific literature regarding Mott cell differentiation in canine lymphoma is scarce. Mott cells are defective in immunoglobulin secretion and are derived from plasma cells, and lymphoma is a severe condition characterized by the proliferation of neoplastic lymphoid cells. Lymphoma can be divided into B- or T-cell according to their origin. Whether the origin of lymphoma is B- or T-cell can be confirmed by PCR for antigen receptor rearrangement or flow cytometry assay. However, the phenomenon in which B- and T-cells are simultaneously identified in PCR for antigen receptor rearrangement and flow cytometry is called cross-lineage rearrangement and lineage infidelity, respectively, and is known to be occasionally found in canine lymphoma. These phenomena have not been reported in canine lymphoma with Mott cell differentiation. This study is the first report of Mott cell differentiation in canine B-cell lymphoma with cross-lineage rearrangement and lineage infidelity. This study describes the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of this unknown type of cancer in a 4-year-old female mongrel dog. Abstract Lymphoma is a severe condition characterized by the proliferation of neoplastic lymphoid cells. A 4-year-old female mongrel dog presented with solitary lymph node enlargement. Significant right prescapular lymphadenopathy and abdominal enlargement were observed during physical examination. A complete blood count revealed lymphocytosis, and a peripheral blood smear revealed lymphoblastosis and Mott cells. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the right prescapular lymph node revealed a predominant population of lymphoblasts and Mott cells. Based on the FNAC and blood smear results, the patient was diagnosed with leukemic state multicentric B-cell lymphoma with Mott cell differentiation. Subsequent PCR for antigen receptor rearrangement and flow cytometry revealed that the patient exhibited cross-lineage rearrangement (CLRA) and lineage infidelity (LI), respectively. CHOP-based chemotherapy was initiated, however, the patient’s disease was progressive. The patient died three months after the initial presentation. Mott cell differentiation in canine B-cell lymphoma (MCL) has rarely been reported in the veterinary literature and seems to show an unusual clinical course. To the best of our knowledge, no reports of MCL with CLRA and LI exist. We report the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of MCL with CLRA and LI.
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Rout ED, Fernandez M, Yoshimoto JA, Hughes KL, Avery AC, Burton JH. Clinical outcome and Ki67 evaluation in dogs with nodal small cell B-cell lymphoma diagnosed by flow cytometry. Vet Med (Auckl) 2022; 36:1770-1781. [PMID: 35996942 PMCID: PMC9511060 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Nodal small cell B‐cell lymphoma subtypes in dogs cannot be distinguished by flow cytometry and information regarding treatment, prognosis, and outcome are limited. Hypothesis/Objectives Objectives were to describe outcome in dogs with nodal small cell B‐cell lymphoma diagnosed by flow cytometry and correlate clinical and laboratory data with survival. We hypothesized that B‐cell Ki67 expression measured by flow cytometry is associated with shorter progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Animals Forty‐nine dogs with nodal small cell B‐cell lymphoma, defined by >80% CD21+ B‐cells by flow cytometry and small‐sized B‐cells by forward scatter. Methods Retrospective study reviewing treatment and outcome data extracted from medical records. Percentage of Ki67‐expressing B‐cells was measured by flow cytometry. Clinical, laboratory, and flow cytometry data were assessed for association with outcome. Results Median percentage of B‐cell Ki67 was 41% (range, 3%‐97%). Median PFS was 119 days and median OS was 222 days (n = 49). Among cases treated with CHOP‐based chemotherapy (n = 32), median PFS was 70 days, median OS was 267 days, and 50% of cases achieved complete response. Low percentage of B‐cell Ki67 (≤11%) was associated with prolonged OS by univariable analysis. Greater age, substage B, high B‐cell CD25 expression and low B‐cell CD21 and class II major histocompatibility complex expression by flow cytometry were independently associated with shorter OS. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Most nodal small cell B‐cell lymphoma cases had aggressive disease. Low Ki67 expression can help identify cases with better prognosis. Age, substage, and flow cytometry variables are useful prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily D Rout
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Monica Fernandez
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Janna A Yoshimoto
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Kelly L Hughes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Anne C Avery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Jenna H Burton
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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11
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Keating MK, Rosenkrantz WS, Keller SM, Moore PF. Evaluation of clonality from multiple anatomic sites in canine epitheliotropic T cell lymphoma. Vet Dermatol 2022; 33:559-567. [PMID: 35876313 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine epitheliotropic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (eCTCL) is thought to represent a disease homologue to human mycosis fungoides (MF). In human MF, neoplastic cells are phenotypically consistent with resident effector memory T cells, a population that remains for an extended period within tissue without circulating. Dogs with eCTCL often present with lesions in multiple locations, raising the question of whether the neoplasm is of the same T-cell subpopulation or not. OBJECTIVES To characterize the antigen receptor gene rearrangements of lymphocytes from skin and blood of dogs with eCTCL to determine if neoplastic clones are identical. ANIMALS Fourteen dogs with eCTCL. MATERIALS AND METHODS Histological and immunohistochemical examination, and PCR for antigen receptor rearrangement (PARR) for T-cell receptor gamma (TRG) performed on multiple cutaneous biopsy samples and blood. RESULTS All skin biopsies contained cluster of differentiation (CD)3-positive neoplastic lymphocytes. Within individual dogs, all skin biopsies revealed identical TRG clonality profiles, suggesting that the same neoplastic clone was present in all sites. In the blood, a matching clone was found in six of 14 dogs, a unique clone was observed in nine of 14 dogs, and no clone was detected in two of 14 dogs. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that canine eCTCL lesions in multiple locations harbour the same neoplastic clone, neoplastic lymphocytes do not remain fixed to the skin and instead can circulate via blood, differing clones can be identified in skin versus blood, and circulating neoplastic cells can be detected without lymphocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefan M Keller
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Peter F Moore
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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12
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Fonghem P, Pisitkun T, Rattanapinyopituk K, Sirivisoot S, Rungsipipat A. Investigation of proteomic profiles in canine lymphoma using tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomics approach. Vet World 2022; 15:1333-1340. [PMID: 35765478 PMCID: PMC9210836 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1333-1340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Specific tumor biomarkers are useful for the early diagnosis of cancer or can predict the recurrence of neoplastic disease in humans and animals. Lymphoma in dogs could be classified into B-, T-, and NK-cell origins. T-cell lymphoma has the worst prognosis with a shorter survival time and disease-free interval. This study aimed to identify the differential serum protein expressions of canine B- and T-cell lymphomas compared with healthy dogs using a tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics. Materials and Methods: Serum samples were collected from 20 untreated canine lymphomas (14 B-cells and 6 T-cells) and four healthy control dogs. Sera peptides from each sample were processed for TMT 10-plex tagging and analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS). Differential proteome profiling was then compared between lymphoma and control. Results: We discovered 20 elevated and 14 decreased serum proteins in the lymphoma group relative to the healthy group. Six candidate increased proteins in canine lymphomas were beta-actin cytoplasmic 1 (ACTB, p=0.04), haptoglobin (p=0.002), beta-2 microglobulin (aaaaaaaa2M, p=0.007), beta-2 glycoprotein 1 (APOH, p=0.03), metalloproteinase inhibitor 1 (TIMP-1, p=0.03), and CD44 antigen (p=0.02). When compared between B- and T-cell lymphomas, B-cell phenotypes had upregulated immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain V region GOM (p=0.02), clusterin (p=0.01), apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1, p=0.05), and plasminogen (p=0.02). Conclusion: These findings were investigated quantitative serum proteomes between B- and T-cell lymphomas using TMT-based MS. ACTB, aaaaaaaa2M, APOH, TIMP-1, CD44 antigen, Ig heavy chain V region GOM, and APOC1 are novel candidate proteins and might serve as a lymphoma biomarker in dogs. However, evaluation with an increased sample size is needed to confirm their diagnostic and prognostic ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyanoot Fonghem
- Center of Excellence for Companion Animal Cancer, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Trairak Pisitkun
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kasem Rattanapinyopituk
- Center of Excellence for Companion Animal Cancer, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirintra Sirivisoot
- Center of Excellence for Companion Animal Cancer, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anudep Rungsipipat
- Center of Excellence for Companion Animal Cancer, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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13
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Sirivisoot S, Kasantikul T, Techangamsuwan S, Radtanakatikanon A, Chen K, Lin TY, Rungsipipat A. Evaluation of 41 single nucleotide polymorphisms in canine diffuse large B-cell lymphomas using MassARRAY. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5120. [PMID: 35332215 PMCID: PMC8948224 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of lymphoma in dogs with a multicentric form. This study aimed to assemble 41 variants of the previously reported genes and to investigate these variants in canine DLBCL using the Agena MassARRAY platform. These variants were chosen based on the high prevalence observed in canine B- and T-cell lymphomas, their significance for target therapy, and compatibility for multiplex PCR amplification. Lymph node biopsy was performed from 60 dogs with B-cell lymphoma comprising 47 purebred and 13 crossbred dogs. All dogs presented single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at HYAL4 and SATB1 genes. The lesser mutual SNPs were observed at SEL1L, excluding a cocker spaniel, and c-Kit, with the exception of a pug and a French bulldog. Even though no statistical association was noted between each SNP and dog breed, purebreds were 3.88 times more likely to have a SNP at FLT3 rs852342480 (95%CI 0.50–45.03, p = 0.26), 3.64 times at TRAF3 F306X (95%CI 0.58–42.50, p = 0.43) and 2.66 times at TRAF3 E303EX (95%CI 0.56–13.12, p = 0.31). Also, DLBCL dogs (CHOP-based treatment) with c-Kit T425= had a poorer prognosis with shorter median overall survival times (OST) than dogs with the wild type. Dogs treated with COP chemotherapy and contained 3–5 variants at SEL1L were associated with decreased median OST. Therefore, this SNP’s lymphoma panel provides valuable information that we can use to outline a prognosis and develop a treatment plan for the targeted therapy of each dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirintra Sirivisoot
- Center of Excellence for Companion Animal Cancer, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanit Kasantikul
- Clemson Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Clemson University, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Somporn Techangamsuwan
- Center of Excellence for Companion Animal Cancer, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Araya Radtanakatikanon
- Center of Excellence for Companion Animal Cancer, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ken Chen
- SQ Reference Lab, Beiqing Road, Qingpu district, Shanghai, China
| | - Tzu-Yin Lin
- University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Anudep Rungsipipat
- Center of Excellence for Companion Animal Cancer, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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14
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Martini V, Marano G, Aresu L, Bonfanti U, Boracchi P, Caniatti M, Cian F, Gambini M, Marconato L, Masserdotti C, Nicoletti A, Riondato F, Roccabianca P, Stefanello D, Teske E, Comazzi S. Performance of lymph node cytopathology in diagnosis and characterization of lymphoma in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 36:204-214. [PMID: 34837263 PMCID: PMC8783335 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytopathology is a minimally invasive and convenient diagnostic procedure, often used as a substitute for histopathology to diagnose and characterize lymphoma in dogs. OBJECTIVES Assess the diagnostic performance of cytopathology in diagnosing lymphoma and its histopathological subtypes in dogs. ANIMALS One-hundred and sixty-one lymph node samples from 139 dogs with enlarged peripheral lymph nodes. METHODS Based only on cytopathology, 6 examiners independently provided the following interpretations on each sample: (a) lymphoma vs nonlymphoma; (b) grade and phenotype; and (c) World Health Organization (WHO) histopathological subtype. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) findings were used as reference standards to evaluate diagnostic performance of cytopathology. Clinical, clinicopathologic, and imaging data also were considered in the definitive diagnosis. RESULTS Classification accuracy for lymphoma consistently was >80% for all examiners, whereas it was >60% for low grade T-cell lymphomas, >30% for high grade B-cell lymphomas, >20% for high grade T-cell lymphomas, and <40% for low grade B-cell lymphomas. Interobserver agreement evaluated by kappa scores was 0.55 and 0.32 for identification of lymphoma cases, and of grade plus immunophenotype, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Cytopathology may result in accurate diagnosis of lymphoma, but accuracy decreases when further characterization is needed. Cytopathology represents a fundamental aid in identifying lymphoma and can be used as a screening test to predict grade and phenotype. However, these results must be confirmed using other ancillary techniques, including flow cytometry, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry (IHC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Martini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Laboratory of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology "G.A. Maccacaro", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Ugo Bonfanti
- MYLAV La Vallonea Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Rho MI, Italy
| | - Patrizia Boracchi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Laboratory of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology "G.A. Maccacaro", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Caniatti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Francesco Cian
- Batt Laboratories, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Gambini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Arturo Nicoletti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Fulvio Riondato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | | | | | - Erik Teske
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Comazzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
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15
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Rütgen BC, Baumgartner D, Fuchs-Baumgartinger A, Rigillo A, Škor O, Hammer SE, Saalmüller A, Schwendenwein I. Flow Cytometric Assessment of Ki-67 Expression in Lymphocytes From Physiologic Lymph Nodes, Lymphoma Cell Populations and Remnant Normal Cell Populations From Lymphomatous Lymph Nodes. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:663656. [PMID: 34268346 PMCID: PMC8276100 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.663656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent literature suggests conventional flow cytometric (FCM) immunophenotyping complemented by Ki-67 FCM assessment as a reliable tool to classify canine lymphomas. Ki-67 expression assessed by FCM is rarely reported in canine lymphoma cases and reference data for normal canine lymph nodes are missing. Moreover, nothing is known about the Ki-67 expression within the occasionally observed remnant cell population within the gates of normal lymphocytes in lymphoma cases. Aim of this study was to compare flow cytometric Ki-67 expression of lymphocyte populations from normal canine lymph nodes, lymphoma cells from World-Health-Organisation (WHO) classified lymphoma patient samples and their neighboring normal remnant cell population. Cryopreserved lymphocyte cell suspensions from normal lymph nodes from eight dogs free of lymphoma served as reference material. Fourteen cases diagnosed by cytology, FCM, clonality testing, histopathology including immunohistochemistry consisting of 10 DLBCL, 1 MZL, 1 PTCL and 2 TZL showed a residual small lymphocyte population and were investigated. The Ki-67 expression in normal canine lymphoid tissue was 3.19 ± 2.17%. Mean Ki-67 expression in the malignant cell populations was 41 ± 24.36%. Ki-67 positivity was 12.34 ± 10.68% in the residual physiologic lymphocyte population, which otherwise exhibited a physiologic immunophenotype pattern. This ratio was equivalent (n = 3) or lower (n = 11) than the Ki-67 expression of the malignant cell population within the sample. This is the first report of FCM derived Ki-67 expression combined with immunophenotype patterns in normal canine lymph nodes, compared with lymphoma cell populations and residual normal cell populations of lymphoma cases diagnosed by state of the art technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara C Rütgen
- Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Baumgartner
- Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Fuchs-Baumgartinger
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonella Rigillo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ondřej Škor
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, Department for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine E Hammer
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Armin Saalmüller
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilse Schwendenwein
- Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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16
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Guillen A, Smallwood K, Killick DR. Molecular pathology in the cancer clinic - where are we now and where are we headed? J Small Anim Pract 2021; 62:507-520. [PMID: 33974272 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Molecular pathology is a developing sub-microscopic discipline of pathology that studies the effects of molecular variations and mutations on disease processes. The ultimate goal of molecular pathology in cancer is to predict risk, facilitate diagnosis and improve prognostication based on a complete understanding of the biological impact of specific molecular variations, mutations and dysregulations. This knowledge will provide the basis for customised cancer treatment, so-called precision medicine. Rapid developments in genomics have placed this field at the forefront of clinical molecular pathology and there are already a number of well-established genetic tests available for clinical use including PCR of antigen receptor rearrangement and KIT mutational analysis. Moving beyond tests assessing a single gene, there are significant research efforts utilising genomics to predict cancer risk, forecast aggressive behaviour and identify druggable mutations and therapeutic biomarkers. Researchers are also investigating the use of circulating cells and nucleic acid for clinically useful low morbidity genomic assessments. If we are to realise the full potential of molecular pathology and precision medicine there are a number of challenges to overcome. These include developing our understanding of the underlying biology (in particular intra-tumoural heterogeneity), methodological standardisation of assays, provision of adequate infrastructure and production of novel therapeutics backed by high-quality clinical data supporting the precision medicine approach. The era of molecular pathology holds the potential to revolutionise veterinary cancer care, but its impact on clinical practice will depend upon the extent to which the inherent challenges can be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Guillen
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Ln, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - K Smallwood
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - D R Killick
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
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17
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Rigillo A, Fuchs-Baumgartinger A, Sabattini S, Škor O, Agnoli C, Schwendenwein I, Bettini G, Rütgen BC. Ki-67 assessment-agreeability between immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry in canine lymphoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 19:551-566. [PMID: 33759339 PMCID: PMC8453729 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent literature suggests a combination of flow cytometric determination of Ki-67 and immunophenotype as a reliable tool to classify canine lymphomas. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on histological samples is the gold standard technique assessing Ki-67 index. Agreement between IHC and FCM derived Ki-67 indices has never been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the agreement between IHC and FCM in the assessment of Ki-67 expression/index, in order to evaluate whether FCM may serve as a non-invasive alternative method for the estimation of proliferative activity in canine lymphoma. Dogs with previously untreated canine lymphoma undergoing diagnostic lymphadenectomy were prospectively enrolled. Ki-67 expression/index was assessed by FCM and IHC and expressed as percentage of positive cells. 39 dogs classified by histopathology matched the inclusion criteria. With both methods, Ki-67 expression/index was higher in intermediate/high-grade lymphomas. Spearman's coefficient of correlation was ρ = 0.57; (95% CI0.33-0.75) suggesting a moderate correlation. A Bland-Altman plot revealed a negative constant bias of -3.55 (95% CI: -10.52 to 3.42) with limits of agreement from -45.71 to 38.61. The study confirmed agreement albeit with wide confidence intervals between the values of Ki-67 expression/index assessed with FCM and IHC. Discrepancies were observed in a subset of cases. Possible explanation could be that Ki-67 index in IHC is determined in the most proliferative areas of the slide, which could introduce kind of sampling bias, whereas FCM evaluates many more cells in cell suspension. Further studies are warranted to investigate this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Rigillo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Fuchs-Baumgartinger
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvia Sabattini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ondrej Škor
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, Department for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chiara Agnoli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilse Schwendenwein
- Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giuliano Bettini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara C Rütgen
- Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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18
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Avallone G, Rasotto R, Chambers JK, Miller AD, Behling-Kelly E, Monti P, Berlato D, Valenti P, Roccabianca P. Review of Histological Grading Systems in Veterinary Medicine. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:809-828. [PMID: 33769136 DOI: 10.1177/0300985821999831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor grading is a method to quantify the putative clinical aggressiveness of a neoplasm based on specific histological features. A good grading system should be simple, easy to use, reproducible, and accurately segregate tumors into those with low versus high risk. The aim of this review is to summarize the histological and, when available, cytological grading systems applied in veterinary pathology, providing information regarding their prognostic impact, reproducibility, usefulness, and shortcomings. Most of the grading schemes used in veterinary medicine are developed for common tumor entities. Grading systems exist for soft tissue sarcoma, osteosarcoma, multilobular tumor of bone, mast cell tumor, lymphoma, mammary carcinoma, pulmonary carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, prostatic carcinoma, and central nervous system tumors. The prognostic relevance of many grading schemes has been demonstrated, but for some tumor types the usefulness of grading remains controversial. Furthermore, validation studies are available only for a minority of the grading systems. Contrasting data on the prognostic power of some grading systems, lack of detailed instructions in the materials and methods in some studies, and lack of data on reproducibility and validation studies are discussed for the relevant grading systems. Awareness of the limitations of grading is necessary for pathologists and oncologists to use these systems appropriately and to drive initiatives for their improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Avallone
- Department of Veterinary medical Sciences (DIMEVET), 9296University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | | | - James K Chambers
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, 13143The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andrew D Miller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, 43317Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Erica Behling-Kelly
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Section of Clinical Pathology, 43317Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Paola Monti
- 170851Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Davide Berlato
- 170851AniCura Animal Oncology and Imaging Center, Hünenberg, Switzerland
| | - Paola Valenti
- 534741Clinica Veterinaria Malpensa, Samarate (VA), Italy
| | - Paola Roccabianca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), 9304University of Milano, Lodi (LO), Italy
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19
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Hughes KL, Ehrhart EJ, Rout ED, Harris LJ, Fernandez M, Yoshimoto JA, Dossey J, Kuzmik AR, Avery PR, Avery AC. Diffuse Small B-Cell Lymphoma: A High-Grade Malignancy. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:912-922. [PMID: 33461440 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820985221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The most common subtype of lymphoma in the dog is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The remaining forms of B-cell lymphoma in dogs are categorized as small-to-intermediate in size and include marginal zone, follicular, mantle cell, and small-cell lymphocytic lymphoma. Marginal zone lymphoma and follicular lymphoma have readily identifiable unique histologic features while other forms of small B-cell lymphoma in the dog are poorly described by histopathology. Forty-seven cases of nodal small B-cell lymphoma identified by flow cytometry (small cell size based on forward scatter) with concurrent histopathology were reviewed. These cases fell into 3 histologic subtypes: marginal zone lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, and a diffuse form of small B-cell lymphoma with consistent features. As a descriptive term, we refer to the latter subtype as diffuse small B-cell lymphoma (DSBCL) until it can be further characterized by gene expression profiling and other molecular tools. Clinical presentation of DSBCL was compared to cases of histologically confirmed DLBCL and clinical follow-up was obtained for 22 of the 27 cases of DSBCL. This subset of diffuse small B-cell lymphoma had an overall median survival of 140 days. The expression of CD21, class II MHC and CD25 by flow cytometry did not differ between DSBCL and the other histologic subtypes of small cell B-cell lymphoma making histopathology the only current method of classification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E J Ehrhart
- 70722Ethos Veterinary Health, Woburn, MA, USA
| | - Emily D Rout
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul R Avery
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Anne C Avery
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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20
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Stein L, Bacmeister C, Kiupel M. Immunophenotypic Characterization of Canine Nodal T-Zone Lymphoma. Vet Pathol 2020; 58:288-292. [PMID: 33208032 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820974078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
T-zone lymphoma (TZL) is an indolent nodal T-cell lymphoma most commonly observed in submandibular lymph nodes in dogs. The diagnosis is based on its distinct morphology and expression of CD3. TZL has been reported to have a low Ki67 index and to lack expression of CD45. The latter feature has been used to diagnose this type of lymphoma via fine needle aspirate and flow cytometry without confirmation of the characteristic tissue architecture. The goal of this study was to characterize the immunophenotype of canine nodal TZL in greater detail. Twenty-seven TZLs were selected based on their characteristic morphology. A tissue microarray was generated, and immunohistochemical expression of CD3, CD5, CD20, CD21, CD25, CD45, Bcl-6, and Ki67 was evaluated. Neoplastic T cells in all cases were positive for CD3, CD5, and CD25, and negative for CD20, CD21, and Bcl-6. Positive labelling for CD45 was detected in 2 of the 27 cases with the remaining 25 cases being negative. All cases had a low Ki67 index with an average index of 19.56%. For the CD45-positive TZLs, clonality of the T-cell antigen receptor gamma gene was confirmed in only one of these cases. The observed immunophenotype of canine TZL is similar to previous publications with the exception that 2 cases expressed CD45. Expression of CD45 in TZLs in this study emphasizes the importance of interpreting immunophenotypic findings in conjunction with histopathology to reach an accurate diagnosis and not to use lack of expression of a particular antigen as the sole diagnostic criterion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Stein
- 3078Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Matti Kiupel
- 3078Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Lansing, MI, USA
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21
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Henriques J, Felisberto R, Almeida B, Ramos J, Constantino-Casas F, Dobson J, Matos R, Santos A, de Sousa R, Alves M. Canine lymphoma and vector-borne diseases: Molecular and serological evaluation of a possible complicity. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 19:183-190. [PMID: 33068307 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoma is the most common haematological malignancy in dogs and its aetiology is largely unknown. The presence of canine vector-borne agents (CVBD) in lymphoma tissues has been described and its causative effects questioned. We intended to evaluate the presence and extent of Leishmania infantum, Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Bartonella henselae infection in dogs with lymphoma. Sixty-one dogs, living in the Lisbon metropolitan area, with a diagnosis of lymphoma were enrolled. Immunofluorescence assays were used to detect serum IgG's. The presence of DNA from CVBD agents in tumour tissue was assessed by PCR. All dogs tested negative for B. henselae, A. phagocytophilum and E. canis by both serology and PCR. Regarding L. infantum, 8.2% (n = 5) of the dogs had a positive serologic result. L. infantum DNA was detected in two samples of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). These results show an increased, but not significant, seropositivity (8.2% vs 7.9%) and molecular detection (3.3% vs 1.2%) for L. infantum in dogs with lymphoma, when compared to the reported canine population in the same geographical area. We could not identify an association between lymphoma and E. canis, A. phagocytophilum, B. henselae or Leishmania infantum infection in the studied population. Nevertheless, further studies, following dogs trough their CVBD disease evolution, are worthwhile and may help clarify a possible role of CVBD agents in lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruno Almeida
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Ramos
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Jane Dobson
- Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Raquel Matos
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Santos
- Centro de Estudos de Vectores e Doenças Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita de Sousa
- Centro de Estudos de Vectores e Doenças Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida Alves
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisbon, Portugal.,CBIOS - Universidade Lusófona's Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Lisbon, Portugal
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22
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Labadie JD, Elvers I, Feigelson HS, Magzamen S, Yoshimoto J, Dossey J, Burnett R, Avery AC. Genome-wide association analysis of canine T zone lymphoma identifies link to hypothyroidism and a shared association with mast-cell tumors. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:464. [PMID: 32631225 PMCID: PMC7339439 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06872-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background T zone lymphoma (TZL), a histologic variant of peripheral T cell lymphoma, represents about 12% of all canine lymphomas. Golden Retrievers appear predisposed, representing over 40% of TZL cases. Prior research found that asymptomatic aged Golden Retrievers frequently have populations of T zone-like cells (phenotypically identical to TZL) of undetermined significance (TZUS), potentially representing a pre-clinical state. These findings suggest a genetic risk factor for this disease and caused us to investigate potential genes of interest using a genome-wide association study of privately-owned U.S. Golden Retrievers. Results Dogs were categorized as TZL (n = 95), TZUS (n = 142), or control (n = 101) using flow cytometry and genotyped using the Illumina CanineHD BeadChip. Using a mixed linear model adjusting for population stratification, we found association with genome-wide significance in regions on chromosomes 8 and 14. The chromosome 14 peak included four SNPs (Odds Ratio = 1.18–1.19, p = .3 × 10− 5–5.1 × 10− 5) near three hyaluronidase genes (SPAM1, HYAL4, and HYALP1). Targeted resequencing of this region using a custom sequence capture array identified missense mutations in all three genes; the variant in SPAM1 was predicted to be damaging. These mutations were also associated with risk for mast cell tumors among Golden Retrievers in an unrelated study. The chromosome 8 peak contained 7 SNPs (Odds Ratio = 1.24–1.42, p = 2.7 × 10− 7–7.5 × 10− 5) near genes involved in thyroid hormone regulation (DIO2 and TSHR). A prior study from our laboratory found hypothyroidism is inversely associated with TZL risk. No coding mutations were found with targeted resequencing but identified variants may play a regulatory role for all or some of the genes. Conclusions The pathogenesis of canine TZL may be related to hyaluronan breakdown and subsequent production of pro-inflammatory and pro-oncogenic byproducts. The association on chromosome 8 may indicate thyroid hormone is involved in TZL development, consistent with findings from a previous study evaluating epidemiologic risk factors for TZL. Future work is needed to elucidate these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia D Labadie
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Ingegerd Elvers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Sheryl Magzamen
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Janna Yoshimoto
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jeremy Dossey
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Robert Burnett
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Anne C Avery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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23
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Shiga T, Chambers JK, Sugawara M, Goto-Koshino Y, Tsujimoto H, Nakayama H, Uchida K. Long-Term Observation of the Progression From Nodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma to Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in a Dog. Vet Pathol 2020; 57:520-524. [PMID: 32608349 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820932143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A 4-year and 10-month old female Pembroke Welsh Corgi presented with an enlarged right popliteal lymph node, and a histopathological diagnosis of nodal marginal zone lymphoma (nMZL) was made. After resection of the lymph node, follow-up observation was continued without chemotherapy. At 22 months after initial presentation, the dog developed enlargement of peripheral lymph nodes, and the histopathological diagnosis was late-stage nMZL. Multidrug chemotherapy induced clinical complete remission, but the tumor relapsed with enlargement of peripheral and abdominal lymph nodes 42 months after initial presentation. Second-round multidrug chemotherapy induced complete clinical remission again; however, the tumor relapsed with lymphadenopathy 47 months after initial presentation. The dog died 59 months after initial presentation, and postmortem examination revealed generalized lymphadenopathy; the histopathological diagnosis was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Polymerase chain reaction for antigen receptor gene rearrangements revealed that the nMZL and DLBCL samples were derived from the same B-lymphocyte clone.
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24
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Burgess HJ, MacDonald Dickinson V, Kerr M, Bienzle D. Marginal zone lymphoma in a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2020; 49:312-318. [PMID: 32524625 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A 13-year-old spayed female American Cocker Spaniel was presented for evaluation of a cough and weight loss. Physical exam revealed generalized lymphadenopathy. The patient was diagnosed with marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) on histopathology of an extirpated lymph node. This report demonstrates an unusual case of a pleomorphic neoplastic population documented on cytologic evaluation that had moncytoid features and peripheral blood involvement; a previously undocumented IgG1 monoclonal gammopathy was also an interesting feature of this canine MZL. The patient did not undergo chemotherapy for lymphoma and was euthanized over 4 years after the initial presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary J Burgess
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Valerie MacDonald Dickinson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Moira Kerr
- Prairie Diagnostic Services Inc., Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Dorothee Bienzle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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25
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de Lorimier L, Campbell O. Canine T‐zone lymphoma: an apparent risk factor for adult‐onset demodicosis. J Small Anim Pract 2020; 61:323-324. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L.‐P. de Lorimier
- Department of Medical OncologyCentre Vétérinaire Rive‐Sud, 7415 Taschereau Brossard QC J4Y 1A2 Canada
| | - O. Campbell
- Department of Medical OncologyCentre Vétérinaire Rive‐Sud, 7415 Taschereau Brossard QC J4Y 1A2 Canada
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26
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Mizutani N, Goto-Koshino Y, Kurata K, Fujiwara-Igarashi A, Sakaguchi M, Asada M, Ohno K, Tsujimoto H. Measurement of the concentration of serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain in dogs with lymphoma. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2020; 225:110054. [PMID: 32434088 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2r) is released directly from the surface of lymphocytes expressing interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain (CD25), and its serum concentration has been found to reflect the prognosis of human lymphoproliferative malignancies. In this study, we demonstrated the presence of sIL-2r in canine serum and developed a specific sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to quantify the concentration of canine serum sIL-2r. In the immunoprecipitation (IP) assay, CD25 protein weighing approximately 45 kDa was detected in canine serum, smaller than the membrane-bound CD25 (approximately 55 kDa). To measure the concentration of serum sIL-2r in dogs, an ELISA system was developed. Serum sIL-2r levels were significantly higher in dogs with multicentric high-grade B-cell lymphoma before therapy than that in healthy dogs. Serum sIL-2r concentration was also found to be elevated in a proportion of dogs with other types of lymphoma. Changes in serum sIL-2r levels generally paralleled the changes in mass and lymph node size in dogs with high-grade B-cell lymphoma. This study demonstrated that serum sIL-2r level would be a marker to monitor tumour growth and regression in canine lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Mizutani
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yuko Goto-Koshino
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Keigo Kurata
- Institute of Tokyo Environmental Allergy, 1-2-5 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0034, Japan
| | - Aki Fujiwara-Igarashi
- Division of Therapeutic Science I, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 183-0023, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology I, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Minoru Asada
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohno
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hajime Tsujimoto
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
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27
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Giannuzzi D, Giudice L, Marconato L, Ferraresso S, Giugno R, Bertoni F, Aresu L. Integrated analysis of transcriptome, methylome and copy number aberrations data of marginal zone lymphoma and follicular lymphoma in dog. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 18:645-655. [PMID: 32154977 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) and follicular lymphoma (FL) are classified as indolent B-cell lymphomas in dogs. Aside from the clinical and histopathological similarities with the human counterpart, the molecular pathogenesis remains unclear. We integrated transcriptome, genome-wide DNA methylation and copy number aberration analysis to provide insights on the pathogenesis of canine MZL (n = 5) and FL (n = 7), also comparing them with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Transcriptome profiling highlighted the presence of similar biological processes affecting both histotypes, including BCR and TLR signalling pathways. However, FLs showed an enrichment of E2F targets, whereas MZLs were characterized by MYC-driven transcriptional activation signatures. FLs showed a distinctive loss on chr1 containing CEACAM23 and 24, conversely MZLs presented multiple recurrent gains on chr13, where MYC is located. The distribution of methylation peaks was similar between the two histotypes. Integrating data from the three omics, FLs resulted clearly separated from MZLs and DLBCL dataset. MZLs showed the enrichment of FoxM1 network and TLR associated TICAM1-dependent IRFs activation pathway. However, no specific signatures differentiated MZLs from DLBCLs. In conclusion, our study presents the first comprehensive analysis of molecular and epigenetic pathogenesis of canine FL and MZL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Giannuzzi
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Giudice
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Ferraresso
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Rosalba Giugno
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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28
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Harris LJ, Rout ED, Labadie JD, Avery PR, Fernandez M, Yoshimoto J, Avery AC. Clinical features of canine nodal T-cell lymphomas classified as CD8+ or CD4-CD8- by flow cytometry. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 18:416-427. [PMID: 31951040 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Canine T-cell lymphoma (TCL) encompasses a heterogeneous group of diseases with variable clinical presentation, cytomorphology, immunophenotype, and biologic behaviour. The most common types of TCL in dogs involving peripheral lymph nodes include indolent T-zone lymphoma (TZL) and biologically aggressive peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). TCL phenotypes can be categorized by expression of the surface antigen molecules CD4 and CD8. The majority of TCL cases are CD4+ , with far fewer cases being CD8+ or CD4- CD8- . The clinical features of CD4+ TCLs have been previously described. The less common TCL phenotypes, however, are poorly characterized with little to no information about prognosis. In this retrospective study, we describe and correlate the presenting clinical signs, flow cytometry, and outcomes of 119 dogs diagnosed with nodal, non-TZL, CD8+ or CD4- CD8- TCL by flow cytometry. Skin lesions present at the time of diagnosis were more commonly observed in the CD8+ TCL group. Mediastinal enlargement and/or hypercalcemia were more commonly seen in the CD4- CD8- TCL group. Dogs with either CD8+ or CD4- CD8- TCLs had aggressive clinical disease with median overall survival (OS) times of 198 days and 145 days, respectively. In both groups, neoplastic cell size determined by flow cytometry ranged from small to large, and large cell size was associated with shorter OS times (median OS = 61 days). Cases classified as small cell had a median OS of 257 days. Expression levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and CD5 were highly variable among cases but were not prognostically significant in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Harris
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Emily D Rout
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Julia D Labadie
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Paul R Avery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Monica Fernandez
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Janna Yoshimoto
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Anne C Avery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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29
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Tecilla M, Gambini M, Forlani A, Caniatti M, Ghisleni G, Roccabianca P. Evaluation of cytological diagnostic accuracy for canine splenic neoplasms: An investigation in 78 cases using STARD guidelines. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224945. [PMID: 31697755 PMCID: PMC6837434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytology represents a useful diagnostic tool in the preliminary clinical approach to canine splenic lesions, and may prevent unnecessary splenectomy. However, few studies have evaluated diagnostic accuracy of cytology in the diagnosis of canine splenic neoplasms. The aim of this study was to determine overall accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (i.e. diagnostic accuracy indexes) of cytology for canine splenic neoplasms following Standards for the Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (STARD) guidelines. A consecutive series of canine splenic cytological samples was retrospectively retrieved from the database of the Diagnostic Pathology Service of the Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET—University of Milan). Histopathology was set as the diagnostic reference standard. Cytological cases were enrolled when slides were available for review and when the same lesion was submitted for histopathology. Seventy-eight (78) lesions were included in the study. By histopathology, 56 were neoplastic and 22 were non-neoplastic. Cytology had an overall accuracy of 73.08% (95% C.I. 61.84%-82.50%), sensitivity of 64.29% (95% C.I. 50.36%-76.64%), specificity of 95.45% (95% C.I. 77.16%-99.88%), and positive and negative predictive values of 97.3% (95% C.I. 84.01%-99.60%) and 51.22% (95% C.I. 42.21%-60.15%), respectively. Low sensitivity and negative predictive value were balanced by very high specificity and positive predictive value. When positive for neoplasia, cytology represents a useful diagnostic tool to rule in splenic neoplasia, prompting surgery independently from other diagnostic tests. Conversely, a negative cytological result requires additional investigations to confirm the dog to be disease free.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tecilla
- Diagnostic Pathology Service, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Matteo Gambini
- Diagnostic Pathology Service, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Annalisa Forlani
- Diagnostic Pathology Service, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Mario Caniatti
- Diagnostic Pathology Service, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ghisleni
- Diagnostic Pathology Service, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Paola Roccabianca
- Diagnostic Pathology Service, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
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30
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Jankowska U, Jagielski D, Czopowicz M, Sapierzyński R. Epidemiology, clinical and cytological features of lymphoma in Boxer dogs. Acta Vet Hung 2019; 67:224-240. [PMID: 31238736 DOI: 10.1556/004.2019.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology, clinical and laboratory characteristics of canine lymphomas as well as some aspects of treatment outcomes. The study was conducted on Boxer dogs with lymphoma diagnosed by cytology and immunocytochemistry (CD3 and CD79 alpha). During the study period, lymphoma was diagnosed in 63 Boxers; 86.8% were T-cell (based on the Kiel classification: small clear cell lymphoma, pleomorphic small cell lymphoma, pleomorphic mixed T-cell lymphoma, pleomorphic large T-cell lymphoma, lymphoblastic lymphoma/acute lymphoblastic leukaemia) and 13.2% were B-cell lymphomas (according to the Kiel classification: B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, centroblastic/centroblastic polymorphic lymphoma). Overall survival (OS) was significantly longer in dogs with low-grade than with high-grade lymphoma (median OS of 6.8 and 4.7 months, respectively; P = 0.024). OS was not influenced by WHO clinical stage, WHO clinical substage, presence of splenomegaly, early administration of glucocorticoids or the time from the first presentation to the beginning of chemotherapy. There are no significant differences in clinical and laboratory parameters between low-grade and high-grade lymphomas. Boxer dogs are predisposed to T-cell lymphoma, with a predominance of high-grade tumour, especially pleomorphic, mixed small and large T-cell subtype. It is possible that Boxer dogs may respond less favourably to chemotherapy than patients of other breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michał Czopowicz
- 2Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Sapierzyński
- 3Division of Animal Pathomorphology, Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska str. 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
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31
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Hwang MH, Darzentas N, Bienzle D, Moore PF, Guscetti F, Morrison J, Keller SM. A review of canine B cell clonality assays and primer set optimization using large-scale repertoire data. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 209:45-52. [PMID: 30885305 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Several molecular clonality assays have been developed to assess canine B cell proliferations. These assays were based on different sequence data, utilized different assay designs and employed different testing strategies. This has resulted in a complex body of literature and complicates evidence-based selection of primer sets. In addition, further refinement of primer sets is difficult because it is unknown how well current primer sets cover the expressed sequence repertoire. The objectives of this study were 1) to provide an overview of published IGH clonality assays that highlights key differences in assay design and testing strategy and 2) to propose a novel method for optimizing primer sets that leverages large-scale sequencing data. A review of previously published assays highlighted confounding factors that hamper a direct comparison of performance metrics between studies. These findings illustrate the need for a multi-institutional effort to harmonize veterinary clonality testing. A novel in silico analysis of primer sequences using a large dataset of expressed sequences identified shortfalls of existing primer sets and was used to guide primer optimization. Three optimized primer sets were tested and yielded qualitative sensitivity values between 80-90%. The qualitative sensitivity ranged from 1% to over 50% and was dependent on the size of the neoplastic clone and the sample DNA used. These findings illustrate that inclusion of high-throughput sequencing data for primer design can be a useful tool to guide primer design and optimization. This strategy could be applied to other antigen receptor loci or species to further improve veterinary clonality assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hua Hwang
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nikos Darzentas
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dorothee Bienzle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter F Moore
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Franco Guscetti
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jodi Morrison
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefan M Keller
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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32
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Richardson MA, Thaiwong T, Kiupel M. Primary Colorectal Follicular Lymphoma in 3 Dogs. Vet Pathol 2019; 56:404-408. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985818823775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Primary colorectal follicular lymphomas are rare indolent lymphoid neoplasms in humans that have not been reported in dogs. We describe 3 cases of primary colorectal follicular lymphoma in dogs with histologic and immunohistochemical features similar to their human counterpart. Initial clinical signs in all dogs included tenesmus, hematochezia, and a palpable rectal mass. Two dogs were castrated males and 1 an intact female, between 9 months and 2 years of age, and of varied breeds. All 3 cases of colorectal follicular lymphoma were characterized by proliferation of follicular germinal centers with no polarity or mantle zone and were composed of centrocytes admixed with fewer centroblasts. By immunohistochemistry, lymphoid cells expressed CD20, BCL2, and BCL6 and lacked expression of CD3, CD5, and cyclin D1. Polymerase chain reaction for rearrangements of the immunoglobulin heavy chain confirmed a monoclonal population in all cases. In 2 of the 3 cases, a solitary nodular colorectal mass was excised and appeared curative; however, the third case had multiple colorectal masses and the animal developed multicentric lymphoma. This case series immunohistochemically characterizes and distinguishes colorectal follicular lymphoma from atypical lymphoid hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Richardson
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tuddow Thaiwong
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Matti Kiupel
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA
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Stein L, Bacmeister C, Ylaya K, Fetsch P, Wang Z, Hewitt SM, Kiupel M. Immunophenotypic Characterization of Canine Splenic Follicular-Derived B-Cell Lymphoma. Vet Pathol 2019; 56:350-357. [PMID: 30636524 DOI: 10.1177/0300985818823668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) belong to a subgroup of indolent B-cell lymphomas most commonly reported in the canine spleen. The goal of this study was to characterize the immunophenotype of splenic MZL and MCL in comparison to their human counterparts. Ten MCLs and 28 MZLs were selected based on morphology. A tissue microarray was generated, and expression of CD3, CD5, CD10, CD45, CD20, CD79a, Pax-5, Bcl-2, Bcl-6, cyclin D1, cyclin D3, MCL-1, MUM-1, and Sox-11 was evaluated. Neoplastic cells in all MCLs and MZLs were positive for CD5, CD20, CD45, CD79a, and BCL2 and negative for CD3, CD10, Bcl-6, cyclin D1, and cyclin D3. Positive labeling for Pax-5 was detected in 8 of 10 MCLs and 26 of 28 MZLs. Positive labeling for MUM-1 was detected in 3 of 10 MCLs, and 27 of 28 MZLs were positive for MUM-1. No MCLs but 8 of 24 MZLs were positive for MCL-1. Canine splenic MZL and MCL have a similar immunophenotype as their human counterparts. However, human splenic MCL overexpresses cyclin D1 due to a translocation. A similar genetic alteration has not been reported in dogs. In addition, in contrast to human MZL, canine splenic MZL generally expresses CD5. Following identification of B vs T cells with CD20 and CD3, a panel composed of BCL-2, Bcl-6, MUM-1, and MCL-1 combined with the histomorphological pattern can be used to accurately diagnose MZL and MCL in dogs. Expression of Bcl-2 and lack of MCL-1 expression in MCL may suggest a therapeutic benefit of BCL-2 inhibitors in canine MCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Stein
- 1 Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Kris Ylaya
- 3 Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patricia Fetsch
- 3 Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zengfeng Wang
- 3 Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen M Hewitt
- 3 Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matti Kiupel
- 1 Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Paulin MV, Couronné L, Beguin J, Le Poder S, Delverdier M, Semin MO, Bruneau J, Cerf-Bensussan N, Malamut G, Cellier C, Benchekroun G, Tiret L, German AJ, Hermine O, Freiche V. Feline low-grade alimentary lymphoma: an emerging entity and a potential animal model for human disease. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:306. [PMID: 30305106 PMCID: PMC6180644 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1635-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-grade alimentary lymphoma (LGAL) is characterised by the infiltration of neoplastic T-lymphocytes, typically in the small intestine. The incidence of LGAL has increased over the last ten years and it is now the most frequent digestive neoplasia in cats and comprises 60 to 75% of gastrointestinal lymphoma cases. Given that LGAL shares common clinical, paraclinical and ultrasonographic features with inflammatory bowel diseases, establishing a diagnosis is challenging. A review was designed to summarise current knowledge of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of feline LGAL. Electronic searches of PubMed and Science Direct were carried out without date or language restrictions. RESULTS A total of 176 peer-reviewed documents were identified and most of which were published in the last twenty years. 130 studies were found from the veterinary literature and 46 from the human medicine literature. Heterogeneity of study designs and outcome measures made meta-analysis inappropriate. The pathophysiology of feline LGAL still needs to be elucidated, not least the putative roles of infectious agents, environmental factors as well as genetic events. The most common therapeutic strategy is combination treatment with prednisolone and chlorambucil, and prolonged remission can often be achieved. Developments in immunohistochemical analysis and clonality testing have improved the confidence of clinicians in obtaining a correct diagnosis between LGAL and IBD. The condition shares similarities with some diseases in humans, especially human indolent T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. CONCLUSIONS The pathophysiology of feline LGAL still needs to be elucidated and prospective studies as well as standardisation of therapeutic strategies are needed. A combination of conventional histopathology and immunohistochemistry remains the current gold-standard test, but clinicians should be cautious about reclassifying cats previously diagnosed with IBD to lymphoma on the basis of clonality testing. Importantly, feline LGAL could be considered to be a potential animal model for indolent digestive T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder, a rare condition in human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu V Paulin
- Université Paris-Est, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 7 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Lucile Couronné
- Hematology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR 1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Jérémy Beguin
- Internal Medicine Department, Université Paris-Est, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 7 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sophie Le Poder
- UMR 1161 Virologie, INRA-ENVA-ANSES, Université Paris-Est, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Maxence Delverdier
- Anatomical Pathology Department, Université de Toulouse, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Odile Semin
- Anatomical Pathology Department, Université de Toulouse, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Julie Bruneau
- Pathology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,INSERM 1163, Institut Imagine, Site Hôpital Universitaire Necker - Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Cerf-Bensussan
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,UMR 1163, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Georgia Malamut
- Gastroenterology Department, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Cellier
- Gastroenterology Department, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Ghita Benchekroun
- Internal Medicine Department, Université Paris-Est, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 7 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Laurent Tiret
- Inserm U955-E10 BNMS, IMRB, Université Paris-Est, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94000, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Alexander J German
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Hematology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR 1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Freiche
- Internal Medicine Department, Université Paris-Est, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 7 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France.
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Di Donato P, Zweifel R, Koehler K, Golini L, Ressel L, Kramer M, Kiefer I, Lim CK, Ondreka N. Predominance of hypoechoic tissue changes in nine dogs with malignant prostatic lymphoma. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2018; 60:75-80. [PMID: 30239048 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoplasia of the prostate is relatively uncommon in dogs with adenocarcinoma being the most common type. Non-epithelial tumors are rare and only individual cases of malignant lymphoma affecting the prostate have been reported. The purpose of this multi-institutional, retrospective, descriptive study was to characterize the ultrasonographic features of canine prostatic lymphoma. Inclusion criteria were an abdominal ultrasound and cytological/histological diagnosis of malignant prostatic lymphoma. Ultrasonographic features were recorded based on the original ultrasonographic reports and consensus opinion of two readers on the available image sets retrospectively. Nine dogs met the inclusion criteria with a mean age of 6.5 years. Seven dogs were intact and two neutered. Subjective prostatomegaly was noted in all patients however not reproducible by objective measurements. Altered shape with rounded/irregular margins was detected in 78% of the cases. All prostates presented either diffuse (three dogs) or focal/periurethral (four dogs) and/or multifocal areas of hypoechogenicity (three dogs). In one dog, focal and multifocal hypoechoic changes co-occurred. Prostatic mineralization was not present in any of the cases. Ultrasonographic features of infiltrative disease of multiple organs and/or lymphadenopathy was found in all cases. Even though malignant lymphoma is rare in the prostate, it should be included in the list of differentials in patients with hypoechoic lesions/areas, altered shape, lack of mineralization of the prostatic parenchyma and evidence of multiorgan involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Di Donato
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinic for Small Animals, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Raffaela Zweifel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinic for Small Animals, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Kernt Koehler
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | | | - Lorenzo Ressel
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public health, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, CH647TE, UK
| | - Martin Kramer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinic for Small Animals, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Ingmar Kiefer
- Department of Small Animal Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Chee Kin Lim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Nele Ondreka
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinic for Small Animals, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, 35392, Germany
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Parachini-Winter C, Curran KM, Russell DS, Gorman E. A case of canine high-grade T-cell lymphoma immunophenotypically consistent with T-zone lymphoma. Vet Clin Pathol 2018; 47:643-648. [PMID: 30229963 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A 9-year-old spayed female Curly Coated Retriever was referred for evaluation of generalized peripheral lymphadenomegaly. The dog was clinically healthy on presentation with no anomalies detected on complete blood count, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, or three-view thoracic radiographs. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and cytology of the peripheral lymph nodes were consistent with lymphoma with an intermediate-sized lymphoid population. Flow cytometry of peripheral lymph nodes was consistent with a homogeneous population of CD4+ T cells that had lost expression of the pan-leukocyte antigen CD45. Variable expression of CD21, CD25, and class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) were also noted. This was considered consistent with T-zone lymphoma (TZL), although the T cells were noted to be larger than usual based on flow cytometry. Due to the suspected indolent nature of this patient's disease and clinical progression, a careful monitoring approach was initially discussed with the owner. However, additional diagnostic testing was performed to confirm the diagnosis. Bone marrow cytology did not show any significant anomalies. The largest lymph node (left mandibular) was extirpated and submitted for histopathology. Based on the lymph node architecture, cellular features, and high mitotic activity, an unexpected diagnosis of peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) was made. The dog was started on CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) chemotherapy. This case illustrates the limitations of using flow cytometry as the sole means of diagnosing TZL and highlights the importance of using complementary tests when subtyping canine lymphoma, which is significant when considering a patient's treatment plan and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Parachini-Winter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Kaitlin M Curran
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Duncan S Russell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Elena Gorman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
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Comazzi S, Marelli S, Cozzi M, Rizzi R, Finotello R, Henriques J, Pastor J, Ponce F, Rohrer-Bley C, Rütgen BC, Teske E. Breed-associated risks for developing canine lymphoma differ among countries: an European canine lymphoma network study. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:232. [PMID: 30081964 PMCID: PMC6090884 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1557-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine breeds may be considered good animal models for the study of genetic predisposition to cancer, as they represent genetic clusters. From epidemiologic and case collection studies it emerges that some breeds are more likely to develop lymphoma or specific subtypes of lymphoma but available data are variable and geographically inconsistent. This study was born in the context of the European Canine Lymphoma Network with the aim of investigating the breed prevalence of canine lymphoma in different European countries and of investigating possible breed risk of lymphoma overall and/or different lymphoma subtypes. RESULTS A total of 1529 canine nodal lymphoma cases and 55,529 control cases from 8 European countries/institutions were retrospectively collected. Odds ratios for lymphoma varied among different countries but Doberman, Rottweiler, boxer and Bernese mountain dogs showed a significant predisposition to lymphoma. In particular, boxers tended to develop T-cell lymphomas (either high- or low-grade) while Rottweilers had a high prevalence of B-cell lymphomas. Labradors were not predisposed to lymphoma overall but tended to develop mainly high-grade T-cell lymphomas. In contrast with previous studies outside of Europe, the European golden retriever population did not show any possible predisposition to lymphoma overall or to specific subtypes such as T-zone lymphoma. CONCLUSION Further prospective studies with more precise and consistent subtype identification are needed to confirm our retrospective results and to create the basis for the investigation of possible genes involved in different predispositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Comazzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Stefano Marelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marzia Cozzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Rizzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Finotello
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Josep Pastor
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University Autonoma of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frederique Ponce
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Carla Rohrer-Bley
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Small Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara C Rütgen
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erik Teske
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Noland EL, Keller SM, Kiupel M. Subcutaneous Panniculitis-Like T-cell Lymphoma in Dogs: Morphologic and Immunohistochemical Classification. Vet Pathol 2018; 55:802-808. [PMID: 30071780 DOI: 10.1177/0300985818789474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Canine nonepitheliotropic cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (NECTCL) are poorly characterized. In humans, a number of distinct subtypes of NECTCL have been recognized, including subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL). Five dogs with subcutaneous T-cell lymphomas histologically similar to SPTCL in humans are herein described. The mean age was 8.5 years (5.5 to 12 years). No breed or sex predilection was identified in this small cohort. Two dogs presented with an acute onset of multiple skin masses and 3 dogs had solitary masses with subsequent development of multiple smaller masses within 0.5 to 2 months post-diagnosis without treatment. Locations, when specified, included shoulder, neck, and ventral abdomen. Two dogs were euthanized following diagnosis and one dog treated with chemotherapy (CCNU) survived 7 months post-diagnosis. Histologically, all cases were characterized by proliferations of either small to intermediate or large sized, CD3-positive T cells that infiltrated the subcutis in a lace-like pattern and frequently rimmed adipocytes. No epitheliotropism was observed, neoplastic cells were often karyorrhectic, and there were regions of extensive necrosis. Heavy infiltrates of histiocytes with prominent phagocytosis masked the lymphoid neoplastic cell population in some sections. A clonal T-cell receptor gamma gene rearrangement was found in 4 of the 5 cases. While SPTCLs typically have a less aggressive clinical course in humans, their biological behavior in dogs remains to be determined. In summary, SPTCL may represent a distinct entity in dogs and needs to be accurately diagnosed to better determine clinical behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L Noland
- 1 Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Stefan M Keller
- 2 Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Matti Kiupel
- 1 Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA
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40
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Rout ED, Hughes KL, Boostrom BO, Seelig DM, Avery AC, Avery PR. Indolent T-cell-rich small B-cell hepatic lymphoma in a Golden Retriever. Clin Case Rep 2018; 6:1436-1444. [PMID: 30147878 PMCID: PMC6099017 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An 11-year-old female spayed Golden Retriever presented for an incidentally found liver mass. The hepatic mass and intra-abdominal lymph nodes had a marked heterogeneous T-cell population and far fewer numbers of small clonal B cells. This T-cell-rich small B-cell lymphoma had a unique histological pattern and indolent clinical course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily D. Rout
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and PathologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Kelly L. Hughes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and PathologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | | | - Davis M. Seelig
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMNUSA
| | - Anne C. Avery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and PathologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Paul R. Avery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and PathologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
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Sabattini S, Lopparelli RM, Rigillo A, Giantin M, Renzi A, Matteo C, Capitani O, Dacasto M, Mengoli M, Bettini G. Canine Splenic Nodular Lymphoid Lesions: Immunophenotyping, Proliferative Activity, and Clonality Assessment. Vet Pathol 2018; 55:645-653. [PMID: 29807508 DOI: 10.1177/0300985818777035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Canine splenic lymphoid nodules are currently classified as indolent lymphomas (marginal zone lymphoma [MZL], mantle cell lymphoma [MCL]) or nodular hyperplasia (lymphoid [LNH] or complex [CNH] type). Their differentiation can be difficult on morphology, because of similar histologic appearance and poorly defined diagnostic criteria. Thirty-five surgical samples of splenic lymphoid nodules were reviewed in order to assess the diagnostic contribution of immunophenotyping, proliferative activity and clonality (PARR) in differentiating between hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions. Proliferative activity was evaluated by double immunolabeling for Ki-67 and CD79a, in order to separately assess the proliferative activity of B cells and non-B cells. Definitive diagnoses were MZL ( n = 11), MCL ( n = 4), LNH ( n = 10), and CNH ( n = 10). The overall concordance between histology and PARR was above 90%. Lymphomas had a significantly higher percentage of CD79a-positive areas (mean, 36.30%; P = .0004) and a higher B-cell proliferative activity (median Ki-67 index, 5.49%; P = .0012). The threshold value most accurately predicting a diagnosis of lymphoma was ≥28% of B-cell areas, with a Ki-67 index above 3%. Dogs were monitored for a median follow-up time of 870 days (IQR, 569-1225), and no relapses were documented. Overall median survival time was 1282 days. The combination of histology, immunohistochemistry and PARR can improve the diagnostic accuracy for canine splenic lymphoid nodules, although the long-term behavior of these lesions appears similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Sabattini
- 1 Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Lopparelli
- 2 Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Antonella Rigillo
- 1 Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Mery Giantin
- 2 Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Renzi
- 1 Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Matteo
- 1 Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Ombretta Capitani
- 1 Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Mauro Dacasto
- 2 Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Marisa Mengoli
- 1 Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuliano Bettini
- 1 Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Italy
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42
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McDonald JT, Kritharis A, Beheshti A, Pilichowska M, Burgess K, Ricks-Santi L, McNiel E, London CA, Ravi D, Evens AM. Comparative oncology DNA sequencing of canine T cell lymphoma via human hotspot panel. Oncotarget 2018; 9:22693-22702. [PMID: 29854308 PMCID: PMC5978258 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell lymphoma (TCL) is an uncommon and aggressive form of human cancer. Lymphoma is the most common hematopoietic tumor in canines (companion animals), with TCL representing approximately 30% of diagnoses. Collectively, the canine is an appealing model for cancer research given the spontaneous occurrence of cancer, intact immune system, and phytogenetic proximity to humans. We sought to establish mutational congruence of the canine with known human TCL mutations in order to identify potential actionable oncogenic pathways. Following pathologic confirmation, DNA was sequenced in 16 canine TCL (cTCL) cases using a custom Human Cancer Hotspot Panel of 68 genes commonly mutated in human TCL. Sequencing identified 4,527,638 total reads with average length of 229 bases containing 346 unique variants and 1,474 total variants; each sample had an average of 92 variants. Among these, there were 258 germline and 32 somatic variants. Among the 32 somatic variants there were 8 missense variants, 1 splice junction variant and the remaining were intron or synonymous variants. A frequency of 4 somatic mutations per sample were noted with >7 mutations detected in MET, KDR, STK11 and BRAF. Expression of these associated proteins were also detected via Western blot analyses. In addition, Sanger sequencing confirmed three variants of high quality (MYC, MET, and TP53 missense mutation). Taken together, the mutational spectrum and protein analyses showed mutations in signaling pathways similar to human TCL and also identified novel mutations that may serve as drug targets as well as potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Athena Kritharis
- Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Kristine Burgess
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth McNiel
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cheryl A London
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dashnamoorthy Ravi
- Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Andrew M Evens
- Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Rout ED, Burnett RC, Labadie JD, Yoshimoto JA, Avery AC. Preferential use of unmutated immunoglobulin heavy variable region genes in Boxer dogs with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191205. [PMID: 29385200 PMCID: PMC5791963 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Human chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a clinically heterogeneous disease, and immunoglobulin heavy variable region (IGHV) gene mutational status is an important prognostic marker. IGHV mutational status has not been previously examined in canine CLL. We sequenced the IGHV-D-J rearrangements from 55 canine patients with CLL, including 36 non-Boxer and 19 Boxer dogs. The majority of non-Boxers (75%) had mutated IGHV genes, whereas the majority of Boxers (79%) had unmutated IGHV genes. IGHV3-41 and IGHV3-67 gene usage was significantly higher in Boxers with CLL compared to non-Boxers. Additionally, 11 Boxers with large B-cell lymphoma and the normal IGHV repertoire of six control dogs (three Boxers and three non-Boxers) were sequenced. IGHV3-41 was preferentially used in Boxers with other forms of lymphoma and without lymphoproliferative disease. However, preferential use of unmutated IGHV genes was unique to Boxers with CLL, suggesting Boxers may be a valuable model to investigate unmutated CLL.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Case-Control Studies
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Dog Diseases/genetics
- Dog Diseases/immunology
- Dogs
- Female
- Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain
- Genes, Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/veterinary
- Male
- Mutation
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Species Specificity
- VDJ Exons
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily D. Rout
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Robert C. Burnett
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Julia D. Labadie
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Janna A. Yoshimoto
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Anne C. Avery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
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44
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Cozzi M, Marconato L, Martini V, Aresu L, Riondato F, Rossi F, Stefanello D, Comazzi S. Canine nodal marginal zone lymphoma: Descriptive insight into the biological behaviour. Vet Comp Oncol 2017; 16:246-252. [PMID: 29205839 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Canine nodal marginal zone lymphoma (nMZL) is classified as an indolent lymphoma. Such lymphomas are typified by low mitotic rate and slow clinical progression. While the clinical behaviour of canine splenic MZL has been described, characterized by an indolent course and a good prognosis following splenectomy, there are no studies specifically describing nMZL. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical features of and outcome for canine nMZL. Dogs with histologically confirmed nMZL undergoing a complete staging work-up (including blood analysis, flow cytometry [FC] on lymph node [LN], peripheral blood and bone marrow, imaging, histology and immunohistochemistry on a surgically removed peripheral LN) were retrospectively enrolled. Treatment consisted of chemotherapy or chemo-immunotherapy. Endpoints were response rate (RR), time to progression (TTP) and lymphoma-specific survival (LSS). A total of 35 cases were enrolled. At diagnosis, all dogs showed generalized lymphadenopathy. One-third was systemically unwell. All dogs had stage V disease; one-third also had extranodal involvement. The LN population was mainly composed of medium-sized CD21+ cells with scant resident normal lymphocytes. Histology revealed diffuse LN involvement, referring to "late-stage" MZL. Median TTP and LSS were 149 and 259 days, respectively. Increased LDH activity and substage b were significantly associated with a shorter LSS. Dogs with nMZL may show generalized lymphadenopathy and an advanced disease stage. Overall, the outcome is poor, despite the "indolent" designation. The best treatment option still needs to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cozzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - L Marconato
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario, Bologna, Italy
| | - V Martini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - L Aresu
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - F Riondato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - F Rossi
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario, Bologna, Italy
| | - D Stefanello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - S Comazzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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45
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Hughes KL, Labadie JD, Yoshimoto JA, Dossey JJ, Burnett RC, Avery AC. Increased frequency of CD45 negative T cells (T zone cells) in older Golden retriever dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 2017; 16:E109-E116. [PMID: 28905476 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
T zone lymphoma (TZL) is characterized by the clonal expansion of T cells lacking expression of the pan-leukocyte antigen CD45 (TZ cells). A strong breed predisposition is observed in Golden retrievers. This study aimed to confirm aberrant CD45 mRNA expression and determine if Golden retrievers without clinical lymphoma have an increased frequency of circulating TZ cells. Gene expression analysis on confirmed TZL cases showed a significant decrease in CD45 expression compared to normal dogs. Peripheral blood samples from senior dogs, 242 Golden retrievers and 42 non-Golden retrievers, without evidence of lymphoproliferative disease were assessed for the presence of TZ cells by flow cytometry. Thirty-one percent of Golden retrievers had TZ cells compared to 14% of non-Golden retrievers. Thirty-four percent of Golden retrievers with TZ cells had a clonal T cell receptor gamma (TRG) gene rearrangement. Interestingly, 20% of Golden retrievers without TZ cells also had a clonal TRG rearrangement. Golden retrievers may have an increased risk of TZL due to an increased frequency of TZ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Hughes
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - J D Labadie
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - J A Yoshimoto
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - J J Dossey
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - R C Burnett
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - A C Avery
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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46
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Identification of an Atypical Enzootic Bovine Leukosis in Japan by Using a Novel Classification of Bovine Leukemia Based on Immunophenotypic Analysis. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2017; 24:CVI.00067-17. [PMID: 28659325 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00067-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia is classified into two types: enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) and sporadic bovine leukosis (SBL). EBL is caused by infection with bovine leukemia virus (BLV), which induces persistent lymphocytosis and B-cell lymphoma in cattle after a long latent period. Although it has been demonstrated that BLV-associated lymphoma occurs predominantly in adult cattle of >3 to 5 years, suspicious cases of EBL onset in juvenile cattle were recently reported in Japan. To investigate the current status of bovine leukemia in Japan, we performed immunophenotypic analysis of samples from 50 cattle that were clinically diagnosed as having bovine leukemia. We classified the samples into five groups on the basis of the analysis and found two different types of EBL: classic EBL (cEBL), which has the familiar phenotype commonly known as EBL, and polyclonal EBL (pEBL), which exhibited neoplastic proliferation of polyclonal B cells. Moreover, there were several atypical EBL cases even in cEBL, including an early onset of EBL in juvenile cattle. A comparison of the cell marker expressions among cEBL, pEBL, and B-cell-type SBL (B-SBL) revealed characteristic patterns in B-cell leukemia, and these patterns could be clearly differentiated from those of healthy phenotypes, whereas it was difficult to discriminate between cEBL, pEBL, and B-SBL only by the expression patterns of cell markers. This study identified novel characteristics of bovine leukemia that should contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism underlying tumor development in BLV infection.
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47
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Harris LJ, Rout ED, Hughes KL, Labadie JD, Boostrom B, Yoshimoto JA, Cannon CM, Avery PR, Ehrhart E, Avery AC. Clinicopathologic features of lingual canine T-zone lymphoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2017; 16:131-139. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. J. Harris
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado
| | - E. D. Rout
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado
| | - K. L. Hughes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado
| | - J. D. Labadie
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado
| | - B. Boostrom
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado
| | - J. A. Yoshimoto
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado
| | - C. M. Cannon
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Minnesota; St. Paul Minnesota
| | - P. R. Avery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado
| | - E.J. Ehrhart
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado
| | - A. C. Avery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado
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48
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Loss of CD45 cell surface expression in canine T-zone lymphoma results from reduced gene expression. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2017; 187:14-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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49
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Argyle DJ, Pecceu E. Canine and feline lymphoma: challenges and opportunities for creating a paradigm shift. Vet Comp Oncol 2017; 14 Suppl 1:1-7. [PMID: 27505685 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D J Argyle
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland
| | - E Pecceu
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland
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50
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Yeuroukis CK, Thiman JM, Avery AC, Camus MS, Tarigo JL. What is your diagnosis? Inguinal lymph node aspirate from a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2017; 46:365-366. [PMID: 28394428 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica M Thiman
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Anne C Avery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Melinda S Camus
- Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jaime L Tarigo
- Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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