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PORNSUKAROM S, SUDJAIDEE P, RATIPUNYAPORNKUM N, TUNGJITPEANPONG T, CHETTANAWANIT A, AMORNTEPARAK C, SANANMUANG T. Analysis of occurrence and risk factors associated with pet rabbits' tumors in Central Thailand. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:1341-1347. [PMID: 37926514 PMCID: PMC10788174 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rabbit oncology is gaining more attention as more pet rabbits are surviving beyond their normal lifespans. Due to the limited epidemiological information on pet rabbits' tumors in Thailand, this study aimed to report the prevalence and the potential risk factors associated with tumors in pet rabbits in Thailand. From 2018 to 2022, 93 tissue biopsies from tumor-suspected lesions on pet rabbits were gathered from animal hospitals in Bangkok and Chonburi provinces, Thailand. According to histopathology confirmation, tumors and tumor-like lesions were diagnosed. In this study, the overall tumors were 67.74% (n=63) out of the submitted cases (n=93). The most commonly affected organ systems were reproduction (65.08%) and integumentary (22.22%). Rabbits older than 5 years were 3.85 times more likely to have reproductive tumors than younger rabbits (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.45-10.27, P≤0.01), and the most frequently occurring tumor type was uterine adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, male rabbits had a 17.02 times higher probability of developing cutaneous tumors than female rabbits (95% CI: 4.19-69.11, P≤0.001), and the most frequently occurring tumor type was soft tissue sarcoma. The results of this study thus suggested that the age and sex of the rabbits were potential risk factors for tumor development in Thailand. The knowledge gained from our study also provided the recommendation for owners to monitor their rabbits' health annually, particularly after late middle age, and rendered guidance for tumor detection in practical clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchawan PORNSUKAROM
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rajamangala University of
Technology Tawan-Ok, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Pansawut SUDJAIDEE
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rajamangala University of
Technology Tawan-Ok, Chonburi, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | - Thanida SANANMUANG
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rajamangala University of
Technology Tawan-Ok, Chonburi, Thailand
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Hernandez‐Jerez AF, Adriaanse P, Aldrich A, Berny P, Coja T, Duquesne S, Focks A, Millet M, Pelkonen O, Pieper S, Tiktak A, Topping CJ, Widenfalk A, Wilks M, Wolterink G, Angeli K, Recordati C, Van Durseen M, Aiassa E, Lanzoni A, Lostia A, Martino L, Guajardo IPM, Panzarea M, Terron A, Marinovich M. Development of adverse outcome pathways relevant for the identification of substances having endocrine disruption properties Uterine adenocarcinoma as adverse outcome. EFSA J 2023; 21:e07744. [PMID: 36818642 PMCID: PMC9926893 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) for uterine adenocarcinoma can provide a practical tool to implement the EFSA-ECHA Guidance (2018) for the identification of endocrine disruptors in the context of Regulations (EU) No 528/2012 and (EC) No 1107/2009. AOPs can give indications about the strength of the relationship between an adverse outcome (intended as a human health outcome) and chemicals (pesticides but not only) affecting the pathways. In this scientific opinion, the PPR Panel explored the development of AOPs for uterine adenocarcinoma. An evidence-based approach methodology was applied, and literature reviews were produced using a structured framework assuring transparency, objectivity, and comprehensiveness. Several AOPs were developed; these converged to a common critical node, that is increased estradiol availability in the uterus followed by estrogen receptor activation in the endometrium; therefore, a putative AOP network was considered. An uncertainty analysis and a probabilistic quantification of the weight of evidence have been carried out via expert knowledge elicitation for each set of MIEs/KEs/KERs included in individual AOPs. The collected data on the AOP network were evaluated qualitatively, whereas a quantitative uncertainty analysis for weight of the AOP network certainty has not been performed. Recommendations are provided, including exploring further the uncertainties identified in the AOPs and putative AOP network; further methodological developments for quantifying the certainty of the KERs and of the overall AOPs and AOP network; and investigating of NAMs applications in the context of some of the MIEs/KEs currently part of the putative AOP network developed.
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Dumartinet C, Matres-Lorenzo L, Linsart A, Bernardé A, Bernard F. Comparison of conventional ligatures and a vessel sealing device for haemostasis during open ovariohysterectomy in rabbits. N Z Vet J 2022; 70:256-262. [PMID: 35593168 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2022.2079571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To compare surgical times and rates of intra-operative and post-operative complications for open ovariohysterectomy (OVH) in female rabbits using conventional ligatures or a vessel sealing device (VSD) for haemostasis. METHODS Female pet rabbits (n = 23) presented for OVH for either desexing or treatment of reproductive disorders were randomly assigned to a conventional ligatures (CL) group (n = 12) or a LigaSure 5-mm (LS5) group (n = 11). In the CL group, the ovarian pedicles were ligated with a single surgeon's knot. After transection of the ovarian pedicles, the broad ligament was manually broken down along the uterine horns to their respective cervices. In the LS5 group, both ovarian pedicles and the broad ligaments were sealed with a LigaSure Dolphin Tip VSD with 5-mm forceps. All the rabbits were hospitalised for 24 hours after surgery. Two weeks after discharge, a clinical recheck examination was performed. Incision length, overall surgical time (from initial incision to completion of intradermal suturing), OVH time (from identification of the first ovary to transection of the vaginal vault), and intra- and post-operative complications were recorded and compared between groups, using the Student's t-test for normally distributed continuous data, the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test for non-normally distributed continuous data and Pearson's χ2 test for categorical data. RESULTS The mean overall surgical time was 14.1 (SD 4.4) minutes. The surgery took 15.0 (SD 4.9) minutes in the CL group and 13.1 (SD 3.8) minutes in the LS5 group (p=0.10). The OVH time was shorter in the LS5 group (mean 4.2 (SD 0.9) minutes) than in the CL group (mean 6.3 (SD 1.7) minutes; p = 0.005). No intra-operative complications were encountered in the LS5 group. Haemorrhage occurred in three rabbits in the CL group. One rabbit in the LS5 group developed steatonecrosis post-operatively. There was no evidence of a difference in the proportion of rabbits that experienced intra- and post-operative complications (p = 0.25 and p = 0.94 respectively) between groups. CONCLUSIONS The use of a LigaSure 5-mm VSD and conventional ligatures during open OVH were both associated with similar overall surgical times and complication rates. The OVH times were shorter in the LS5 group compared to the CL group. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Use of the LigaSure 5-mm VSD allows efficient haemostasis while performing open OVH in female pet rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dumartinet
- Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Saint Martin, Bellevue, France
| | | | - A Linsart
- Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Saint Martin, Bellevue, France
| | - A Bernardé
- Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Saint Martin, Bellevue, France
| | - F Bernard
- Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Saint Martin, Bellevue, France
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Mäkitaipale J, Airas N, Engblom S, Lindén J. Prospective survey of neoplastic and non-neoplastic uterine disorders in 116 domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). J Exot Pet Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Landolfi JA, Gaffney PM, McManamon R, Gottdenker NL, Ellis AE, Rech RR, Han S, Lowenstine LJ, Agnew D, Garner MM, McAloose D, Hollinger C, St Leger J, Terrell SP, Duncan M, Pessier AP. Reproductive tract neoplasia in adult female Asian elephants ( Elephas maximus). Vet Pathol 2021; 58:1131-1141. [PMID: 34269107 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211031843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports have highlighted a lower-than-expected prevalence of neoplasia in elephants and suggested mechanisms for cancer resistance. But despite infrequent reports in the literature, uterine neoplasia is common in managed Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). This study is an archival review of reproductive tract neoplasia in 80 adult female Asian elephant mortalities in managed care facilities in the United States from 1988 to 2019. Neoplasms occurred in 64/80 (80%) of cases. Most were in the uterus (63/64; 98%) with only a single case of ovarian neoplasia. Myometrial leiomyomas were present in 57/63 (90%) cases with uterine neoplasia. Uterine adenocarcinoma was present in 8/63 (13%) cases. Remaining cases included endometrial adenoma (2), focal carcinoma in situ in endometrial polyps (1), anaplastic carcinoma (1), endometrial hemangioma (1), primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET; 1), and angiosarcoma (1). One case with uterine adenocarcinoma had a separate pelvic mass histologically characterized as an anaplastic sarcoma. Distant metastases were documented in 5/8 (63%) cases of uterine adenocarcinoma, and in the uterine anaplastic carcinoma, PNET, and angiosarcoma. Four uterine adenocarcinomas and one carcinoma in situ were examined immunohistochemically for pan-cytokeratin, vimentin, and estrogen receptor. In all, neoplastic cells were pan-cytokeratin positive and vimentin negative, and in 2 cases were immunoreactive for estrogen receptor. Results show that female reproductive tract neoplasia, particularly of the uterus, is common in Asian elephants and is not limited to leiomyomas. Importantly, uterine neoplasms have the potential to impact fecundity and may represent obstacles to conservation in managed care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sushan Han
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Dalen Agnew
- 70726Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Denise McAloose
- 2015Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx Zoo, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Allan P Pessier
- 7114San Diego Zoo Global, San Diego, CA, USA.,6760Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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Vail KJ, Madrigal R, Washburn K, Romano J, Edwards JF, Rech R, Delgado J. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 259:45-48. [PMID: 34125611 DOI: 10.2460/javma.259.1.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Baum B. Not Just Uterine Adenocarcinoma-Neoplastic and Non-Neoplastic Masses in Domestic Pet Rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus): A Review. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:890-900. [PMID: 33874811 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211002190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With increasing numbers of pet rabbits living out their natural lifespan, rabbit oncology is stepping more and more into the limelight. On the other hand, rabbit tumors are less covered in recent editions of textbooks of veterinary pathology than before. We present 1238 cases with neoplastic and non-neoplastic masses in rabbit tissue, submitted from 2008 to 2019, supplemented by a review of the literature on neoplasms in rabbits. Cutaneous masses comprised 47% of submissions. Trichoblastoma was by far the most common skin neoplasm, and nodular suppurative panniculitis was the second most frequent skin nodule in this series. Epithelial as well as mesenchymal cutaneous neoplasms can be virally induced in rabbits (eg, Shope papilloma, myxomatosis) but were infrequent in the current cases. Mammary neoplasms comprised 21% of submitted masses and 94% of these had histologic features of malignancy. Tumors of the female reproductive tract were responsible for 9% of biopsies and were predominantly uterine adenocarcinoma. Polypoid proliferation of rectal mucosa was the most common lesion in the alimentary tract. A broad spectrum of other neoplasms was described, including sarcomas at vaccination sites and ocular posttraumatic sarcomas, comparable to lesions described in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berit Baum
- Vet Med Labor GmbH, Kornwestheim, Germany
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Settai K, Kondo H, Shibuya H. Assessment of reported uterine lesions diagnosed histologically after ovariohysterectomy in 1,928 pet rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 257:1045-1050. [PMID: 33135978 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2020.257.10.1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess variations in age, breed, and clinical signs in rabbits with neoplastic or nonneoplastic uterine lesions and to investigate potential relationships between endometrial adenocarcinoma and age at ovariohysterectomy or breed in rabbits. ANIMALS 1,928 rabbits that underwent ovariohysterectomy for treatment or prevention of possible uterine disease. PROCEDURES With an online questionnaire distributed to 441 veterinary hospital members of the Japanese Society of Exotic Pet Medicine, data were retrospectively collected regarding age, breed, and findings on physical and histologic examinations for pet rabbits that underwent ovariohysterectomy between January 1, 2009, and April 30, 2018. Rabbits were grouped by reported age, breed, clinical signs, and uterine lesions, and results were assessed across groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify potential relationships between endometrial adenocarcinoma and breed or age at ovariohysterectomy in rabbits. RESULTS The questionnaire response rate was 9.8% (43/441), with data reported for 1,928 rabbits (mixed breed, 600 [31.1%]; Netherland Dwarf, 520 [27.0%]; Holland Lop, 286 [14.8%]; or various other breeds, 522 [27.1%]). The most commonly reported neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions were endometrial adenocarcinoma (1,035/1,928 [53.7%]) and endometrial hyperplasia (842 [43.7%]), respectively, and the most commonly reported clinical sign was hematuria or serosanguineous vaginal discharge (1,020/1,928 [52.9%]). As age at ovariohysterectomy increased, so did the odds (OR, 1.826; 95% CI, 1.640 to 2.033) of uterine adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results supported ovariohysterectomy in rabbits before 2 years of age as a key preventative measure to mitigate uterine disease, particularly endometrial adenocarcinoma.
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Bertram CA, Bertram B, Bartel A, Ewringmann A, Fragoso-Garcia MA, Erickson NA, Müller K, Klopfleisch R. Neoplasia and Tumor-Like Lesions in Pet Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus): A Retrospective Analysis of Cases Between 1995 and 2019. Vet Pathol 2020; 58:901-911. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985820973460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Prevalence and age distribution of tumors is largely unknown in pet rabbits. Currently available studies focused on specific organ systems or specific tumor types and never covered a comparative examination of all tumor types. Previous studies on laboratory rabbits suggested a low tumor prevalence but were mostly limited to young adult animals. In the present study, all tumor types and several tumor-like lesions of all organ systems were analyzed retrospectively in archived pet rabbit samples of all ages. Cases included necropsy cases ( n = 2,014) or postmortem tissue samples ( n = 102) as well as surgical biopsies ( n = 854). All lesions suspicious of neoplasia were reevaluated by histopathology and, when indicated, by immunohistochemistry. Necropsy cases had a tumor prevalence of 14.4% in both sexes or 19.8% in female intact rabbits of all age groups, and up to 47.2% or 66.7%, respectively, in rabbits older than 6 years. Overall, the most common tumor types were uterine adenocarcinoma (prevalence in female intact animals: 13.1%), lymphoma (prevalence: 2.8%), and thymoma (prevalence: 2.1%). Lymphoma, the most common tumor of rabbits ≤24 months of age, were of B-cell immunophenotype in 96% of cases and most commonly located in the lymph nodes (57%), gastrointestinal tract (54%), kidneys (48%), spleen (42%), and liver (41%). Tumors accounted for 81.1% of surgical biopsies and mostly comprised cutaneous, mammary, and uterine tumors. In conclusion, tumor types and prevalence varied significantly with respect to age, revealing some differences from previous studies on laboratory rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anja Ewringmann
- Praxis für kleine Heimtiere Dr. Anja Ewringmann, Berlin, Germany
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Planas J, Pintado E, Verdés J, Abarca ML, Martorell J. Rabbit with polyuria and polydipsia. J Exot Pet Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
The review covers select disease conditions most frequently described in aging rodents (rats, mice, hamsters, guinea pigs), rabbits, and ferrets. The conditions are categorized by general organ systems, infectious diseases, and neoplasms. Two data systems, the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital and Comparative Pathology Laboratory at the University of California, Davis and Zoo/Exotic Pathology Service, Citrus Heights, California were used in the determining disease conditions to describe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drury R Reavill
- ZNLabs Veterinary Diagnostics, 7647 Wachtel Way, Citrus Heights, CA 95610, USA.
| | - Denise M Imai
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, University of California, 1000 Old Davis Road, Building R1, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Bertram C, Müller K, Klopfleisch R. Genital Tract Pathology in Female Pet Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus): a Retrospective Study of 854 Necropsy Examinations and 152 Biopsy Samples. J Comp Pathol 2018; 164:17-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Degner S, Schoon HA, Laik-Schandelmaier C, Aupperle-Lellbach H, Schöniger S. Estrogen Receptor–α and Progesterone Receptor Expression in Mammary Proliferative Lesions of Female Pet Rabbits. Vet Pathol 2018; 55:838-848. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985818788611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In breast cancer of women, the estrogen receptor–α (ERα) and progesterone receptor (PR) status has prognostic and therapeutic significance. The aim of this study was (1) to characterize by immunohistochemistry the expression of ERα and PR in nonneoplastic and neoplastic mammary gland tissue of pet rabbits and (2) to correlate the ERα/PR status and histological features. All 124 rabbits included in this study had a mammary tumor; in addition, 2 rabbits had lobular hyperplasia and 25 had multiple cysts. Of the 124 neoplasms, 119 (96%) were carcinoma, 2 (2%) were carcinoma in situ, and 3 (2%) were adenoma. ERα or PR or both were detected in 2 of 2 carcinomas in situ, 3 of 3 adenomas, 19 of 25 cysts, and 2 of 2 lesions of lobular hyperplasia. Most carcinomas (75/119, 63%) were negative for both ERα and PR; 22 of 119 carcinomas (18%) were double-immunopositive. The ERα and PR expression was not influenced by histotype or histological tumor grade. In carcinomas, there was a statistically significant correlation between increased mitotic count and reduced expression of ERα and PR, and the mitotic count was higher in double-immunonegative carcinomas (75/119). The findings suggest that in rabbit mammary carcinomas, proliferative activity is mainly influenced by factors other than estrogen and progesterone and provides the basis for future investigations into the prognostic significance of the ERα and PR status of mammary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Degner
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heinz-Adolf Schoon
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Sandra Schöniger
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Chambers JK, Shiga T, Takimoto H, Dohata A, Miwa Y, Nakayama H, Uchida K. Proliferative Lesions of the Endometrium of 50 Four-Toed Hedgehogs ( Atelerix albiventris). Vet Pathol 2018; 55:562-571. [PMID: 29448904 DOI: 10.1177/0300985818758467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Uteri from 50 four-toed hedgehogs ( Atelerix albiventris) with clinical signs of uterine disease were histopathologically examined. Sixteen animals (32%) were diagnosed with endometrial hyperplasia, 7 animals (14%) were diagnosed with endometrial polyp, and 27 animals (54%) were diagnosed with endometrial neoplasia. The mean ages of the animals with endometrial hyperplasia, polyp, and neoplasia were 28.7 months, 29.4 months, and 25.2 months, respectively. The neoplasms were classified into 7 endometrial mixed tumors, 12 endometrial stromal nodules, and 8 endometrial stromal sarcomas. However, the endometrial stromal nodules and endometrial stromal sarcomas often developed within or were contiguous with an endometrial polyp or mixed tumor. Interestingly, the stromal tumors and the stromal components of the endometrial polyp and mixed tumor displayed extraendometrial differentiation (eg, into adipocytes, granular cells, smooth muscle cells, and osteoid tissue). The endometrial stromal sarcomas exhibited severe cellular atypia and invaded subendometrial tissue. Immunohistochemical examinations demonstrated that the stromal cells of the hyperplastic lesions as well as the neoplastic lesions were positive for CD10, the progesterone receptor, and Wilms tumor 1. The four-toed hedgehog develops unique uterine neoplasms that are mainly composed of endometrial stromal cells and probably arise from endometrial polyps and/or mixed tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K Chambers
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Shiga
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Dohata
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Coleman KA, Monnet E, Johnston MS. SINGLE PORT LAPAROSCOPIC-ASSISTED OVARIOHYSTERECTOMY IN 3 RABBITS. J Exot Pet Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Abstract
Neoplasia has long been reported as a rare finding in rabbits, but over the past decades the number of reports on neoplastic disease in rabbits has risen considerably. Similar to other animals, neoplastic changes may occur in any organ system, but the rate in which the organ systems are affected differs considerably. In rabbits, tumors have predominantly been found in the urogenital, hemolymphatic, and integumentary systems. This article discusses current insights on the etiopathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment of the commonest neoplastic diseases in rabbits and offer guidelines for the correct diagnosis and treatment of the rabbit oncologic patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne van Zeeland
- Division of Zoological Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, Utrecht 3584 CM, The Netherlands.
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17
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Browning HM, Gulland FMD, Hammond JA, Colegrove KM, Hall AJ. Common cancer in a wild animal: the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) as an emerging model for carcinogenesis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 370:rstb.2014.0228. [PMID: 26056370 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring cancers in non-laboratory species have great potential in helping to decipher the often complex causes of neoplasia. Wild animal models could add substantially to our understanding of carcinogenesis, particularly of genetic and environmental interactions, but they are currently underutilized. Studying neoplasia in wild animals is difficult and especially challenging in marine mammals owing to their inaccessibility, lack of exposure history, and ethical, logistical and legal limits on experimentation. Despite this, California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) offer an opportunity to investigate risk factors for neoplasia development that have implications for terrestrial mammals and humans who share much of their environment and diet. A relatively accessible California sea lion population on the west coast of the USA has a high prevalence of urogenital carcinoma and is regularly sampled during veterinary care in wildlife rehabilitation centres. Collaborative studies have revealed that genotype, persistent organic pollutants and a herpesvirus are all associated with this cancer. This paper reviews research to date on the epidemiology and pathogenesis of urogenital carcinoma in this species, and presents the California sea lion as an important and currently underexploited wild animal model of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Browning
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 8LB, UK
| | | | | | - Kathleen M Colegrove
- Zoological Pathology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Ailsa J Hall
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 8LB, UK
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SMALL INTESTINAL ADENOCARCINOMA WITH CARCINOMATOSIS IN A SWIFT FOX (VULPES VELOX). J Zoo Wildl Med 2015; 46:596-600. [PMID: 26352968 DOI: 10.1638/2014-0147.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A 7-yr-old, intact, female swift fox (Vulpes velox) presented to the Veterinary Health Center at Kansas State University with a history of chronic weight loss, lethargy, inappetence, and myiasis. On physical examination, a firm mass was palpated in the mid- to cranial abdomen. The fox was euthanatized as a result of the grave prognosis. Gross necropsy and histologic findings included a small intestinal adenocarcinoma with diffuse transperitoneal spread throughout the abdominal cavity (carcinomatosis). To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of intestinal adenocarcinoma with carcinomatosis in a swift fox.
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Abstract
Laparoscopic ovariectomy has been advocated as the preferred sterilization method for dogs for some time. The same arguments and benefits can be extended for many zoologic mammals, including carnivores, suids, primates, lagomorphs, and large rodents. This article summarizes the benefits, equipment options, surgical technique, recovery, and complications associated with this sterilization procedure.
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20
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Saraiva AL, Payan-Carreira R, Gärtner F, Fortuna da Cunha MR, Rêma A, Faria F, Lourenço LM, Pires MDA. An immunohistochemical study on the expression of sex steroid receptors, Ki-67 and cytokeratins 7 and 20 in feline endometrial adenocarcinomas. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:204. [PMID: 26268561 PMCID: PMC4535787 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial adenocarcinomas are a rare type of tumour in cats. Though different morphologies have been reported, the most frequent histological type of feline endometrial adenocarcinoma (FEA) is the papillary serous. Characterization of molecular markers expression in FEA may contribute to clarify the pathogenesis of these tumours and to assess the differences between normal endometrium and FEA regarding the expression pattern of several proteins. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemical profile of a wide panel of antibodies (specific for ER-α, PR, Ki-67, CK7 and CK20) in twenty-four cases of FEA. Comparisons were made between FEA and feline normal cyclic endometrium in follicular (n = 13) and luteal (n = 10) stages. Except for Ki-67, all other molecular markers were assessed independently for the intensity of immunolabeling and for the percentage of cells expressing the protein. RESULTS This study showed that in FEA a loss of expression occurs for ER-α (P ≤ 0.0001) and less markedly also for PR. The lost in sex steroid receptors concerns a decrease in both the proportion of labelled cells and the intensity of immunolabelling (P = 0.002 and P = 0.024, respectively). Proliferative activity, estimated via Ki-67 immunoreaction, significantly increased in FEA as compared to normal endometrium (P ≤ 0.0001). Feline endometrial adenocarcinomas maintained the CK7+/CK20+ status of normal endometrium. However, FEA showed decreased CK7 intensity of labelling compared to normal endometria (P ≤ 0.0001) and loss of CK20 expression, both in intensity (P ≤ 0.0001) and in percentage of positive cells (P = 0.01), compared to normal tissues. CONCLUSIONS Data gathered in this study suggest that proliferation in FEA accompanies ER-α down-regulation, possibly following activation of pathways mediated by local growth factors. Moreover, FEA retains combined expression of CK7 and CK20, as evidenced in normal endometrial epithelia, although a decrease in CK7 expression was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura Saraiva
- CECAV, Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal. .,Escola Universitária Vasco da Gama (EUVG), Avenida José R. Sousa Fernandes, Campus Universitário, Bloco B, Lordemão, 3020-210, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Rita Payan-Carreira
- CECAV, Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Fátima Gärtner
- Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n.° 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal. .,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Marta R Fortuna da Cunha
- CECAV, Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Alexandra Rêma
- Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n.° 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Fátima Faria
- Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n.° 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Lígia M Lourenço
- CECAV, Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Maria Dos Anjos Pires
- CECAV, Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
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21
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Willson CJ, Herbert RA, Cline JM. Hormone Receptor Expression in Spontaneous Uterine Adenocarcinoma in Fischer 344 Rats. Toxicol Pathol 2015; 43:865-71. [PMID: 26157037 DOI: 10.1177/0192623315591839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Most uterine cancers, the most common gynecological malignancies in women in developed countries, are hormone-dependent endometrial adenocarcinomas (EACs) that express estrogen and progesterone receptors. Although rat strains exist with a high spontaneous incidence of EAC, the Fischer 344 (F344) strain, previously one of the most commonly used strains in carcinogenicity testing, is not a high-incidence strain. To better understand the biology of this neoplasm, we assessed estrogen receptor α (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and Ki-67 expression using immunohistochemistry in spontaneous EAC in 18 F344 rats used as control animals in 2-year National Toxicology Program bioassays. Of the 18 tumors, 9 were well-differentiated and 9 were poorly differentiated. Most tumors, 7/18, were ER+PR+, as observed in women. Of the remainder, 6/18 were ER+PR-, 2/18 were ER-PR+, and 3/18 were ER-PR-. Well-differentiated tumors were ER+ (8/9) more often than poorly differentiated tumors (5/9). The percentage of ER+ tumors (72%) in rats was similar to that seen in women, but rats less frequently had PR+ (50%) tumors than women. The heterogeneous estrogen and progesterone receptor immunophenotypes observed in F344 rats in this study highlight the importance of evaluating hormone receptor expression in animal models used for chemical evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia J Willson
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ronald A Herbert
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - J Mark Cline
- Department of Pathology/Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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22
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Yang CH, Almomen A, Wee YS, Jarboe EA, Peterson CM, Janát-Amsbury MM. An estrogen-induced endometrial hyperplasia mouse model recapitulating human disease progression and genetic aberrations. Cancer Med 2015; 4:1039-50. [PMID: 25809780 PMCID: PMC4529342 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial hyperplasia (EH) is a condition originating from uterine endometrial glands undergoing disordered proliferation including the risk to progress to endometrial adenocarcinoma. In recent years, a steady increase in EH cases among younger women of reproductive age accentuates the demand of therapeutic alternatives, which emphasizes that an improved disease model for therapeutic agents evaluation is concurrently desired. Here, a new hormone-induced EH mouse model was developed using a subcutaneous estradiol (E2)-sustained releasing pellet, which elevates the serum E2 level in mice, closely mimicking the effect known as estrogen dominance with underlying, pathological E2 levels in patients. The onset and progression of EH generated within this model recapitulate a clinically relevant, pathological transformation, beginning with disordered proliferation developing to simple EH, advancing to atypical EH, and then progressing to precancerous stages, all following a chronologic manner. Although a general increase in nuclear progesterone receptor (PR) expression occurred after E2 expression, a total loss in PR was noted in some endometrial glands as disease advanced to simple EH. Furthermore, estrogen receptor (ER) expression in the nucleus of endometrial cells was reduced in disordered proliferation and increased when EH progressed to atypical EH and precancerous stages. This EH model also resembles other pathological patterns found in human disease such as leukocytic infiltration, genetic aberrations in β-catenin, and joint phosphatase and tensin homolog/paired box gene 2 (PTEN/PAX2) silencing. In summary, this new and comprehensively characterized EH model is cost-effective, easily reproducible, and may serve as a tool for preclinical testing of therapeutic agents and facilitate further investigation of EH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Hsiang Yang
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84132.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112
| | - Aliyah Almomen
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84132.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112
| | - Yin Shen Wee
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84124
| | - Elke A Jarboe
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84132.,Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112
| | - C Matthew Peterson
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84132
| | - Margit M Janát-Amsbury
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84132.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112
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23
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Parillo F, Dall’Aglio C, Brecchia G, Maranesi M, Polisca A, Boiti C, Zerani M. Aglepristone (RU534) effects on luteal function of pseudopregnant rabbits: Steroid receptors, enzymatic activities, and hormone productions in corpus luteum and uterus. Anim Reprod Sci 2013; 138:118-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Al-Jarrah M, Matalka I, Aseri HA, Mohtaseb A, Smirnova IV, Novikova L, Stehno-Bittel L, Alkhateeb A. Exercise training prevents endometrial hyperplasia and biomarkers for endometrial cancer in rat model of type 1 diabetes. J Clin Med Res 2011; 2:207-14. [PMID: 21629542 PMCID: PMC3104659 DOI: 10.4021/jocmr444e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endometrial cancer is one of the most common types of gynecologic cancers. The ability of exercise to reduce the risk of endometrial cancer in women with type 2 diabetes has been established, but no studies have examined this link in type 1 diabetes.A randomized, controlled animal study was designed using a standard rat model of type 1 diabetes. The goal of this study was to investigate the ability of exercise to prevent increased levels of endometrial cancer biomarkers, estrogen receptor (ERα) and p16, and endometrial hyperplasia associated with diabetes. Methods Forty female rats were randomized into four groups: sedentary control, exercise control, sedentary or exercised diabetic. Diabetes was induced by alloxan injection. A 4-week treadmill training program was initiated with the development of diabetes. Endometrial tissues were evaluated for hyperplasia and ERα and p16 levels and subcellular localization using microscopy. Results Severe diabetes lead to hyperplasia in the endometrial tissue in 70% of sedentary diabetic rats. Exercise-trained diabetic rats and the non-diabetic rats displayed no hyperplasia. The expression of ERα increased significantly (p < 0.02) while the expression level of p16 decreased significantly (p < 0.04) in the diabetic sedentary group compared to the non-diabetic groups. Exercise training led to a reversal in the percentage of p16 and ERα positive cells in diabetic rats. Conclusions Severe diabetes leads to hyperplasia of the endometrial tissue and increased ERα levels and decreased p16 levels in rats, which can be prevented with aerobic exercise. Keywords Diabetes; Estrogen receptor alpha; P16; Endometrial hyperplasia; Endometrial cancer; Exercise
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Al-Jarrah
- Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
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25
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Balka G, Szabó L, Jakab C. First report of an endometrial adenoacanthoma in a dog. Acta Vet Hung 2011; 59:225-36. [PMID: 21665576 DOI: 10.1556/avet.2011.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Uterine adenoacanthoma, a subtype of primary endometrial adenocarcinoma, was found in a tissue specimen removed during ovariohysterectomy from an 8-year-old German Shepherd dog. Multifocal, benign squamous metaplastic islands were identified in the parenchyma of the malignant endometrial tumour. The tumour was highly infiltrative but did not metastasise to other organs. Detailed immunohistochemical analyses were carried out in order to characterise the immunophenotype of the tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyula Balka
- 1 Szent István University Department of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science István utca 2 H-1078 Budapest Hungary
| | - Lajos Szabó
- 2 Orthovet Veterinary Clinic Dózsa György u. 18 Mohács Hungary
| | - Csaba Jakab
- 1 Szent István University Department of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science István utca 2 H-1078 Budapest Hungary
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26
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Baranda-Avila N, Cardoso-Rangel ME, Cerbón M, Camacho-Arroyo I, Mendoza-Rodríguez CA, Villaseñor-Gaona H, Anzaldúa-Arce SR. Differential expression of estrogen receptor alpha gene in the ampullae and isthmus regions of the rabbit oviduct during early pregnancy. Anim Reprod Sci 2010; 121:286-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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27
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Divers SJ. Clinical Technique: Endoscopic Oophorectomy in the Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus): The Future of Preventative Sterilizations. J Exot Pet Med 2010. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2010.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Walter B, Poth T, Böhmer E, Braun J, Matis U. Uterine disorders in 59 rabbits. Vet Rec 2010; 166:230-3. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.b4749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Walter
- Clinic of Veterinary Surgery and Reproduction of Small Animals
| | - T. Poth
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology; University of Munich; Veterinärstrasse 13 80539 Munich Germany
| | - E. Böhmer
- Clinic of Veterinary Surgery and Reproduction of Small Animals
| | - J. Braun
- Clinic of Veterinary Surgery and Reproduction of Small Animals
| | - U. Matis
- Clinic of Veterinary Surgery and Reproduction of Small Animals
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29
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Vinci A, Bacci B, Benazzi C, Caldin M, Sarli G. Progesterone receptor expression and proliferative activity in uterine tumours of pet rabbits. J Comp Pathol 2010; 142:323-7. [PMID: 20096851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2009.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2008] [Revised: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 12/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial adenocarcinoma is the most common uterine tumour of domestic rabbits. The present immunohistochemical study examined the expression of cytokeratin 19 (CK19), the progesterone receptor (PR), the proliferation-associated antigen Ki-67 and telomerase in normal rabbit uterine tissue and examples of endometrial hyperplasia, adenoma and adenocarcinoma. Tubulopapillary adenomas and adenocarcinomas were the most common histological subtypes in this series. Cytoplasmic expression of CK19 was recorded in two of three samples of normal endometrium and in one of three samples of endometrial hyperplasia, in all adenomas and five of six adenocarcinomas. PR was expressed within the nucleus of normal endometrial cells and in one of three samples of endometrial hyperplasia, each of four adenomas and in four of six adenocarcinomas. This finding suggests that PR expression is not directly involved in neoplastic transformation of the endometrium and that such expression is not a prognostic indicator. Nuclear labelling of telomerase activity was found in one of three normal uteri, all samples of endometrial hyperplasia, two of four adenomas, but none of the adenocarcinomas. The proliferation index as determined by Ki-67 expression was 9.7+/-2.75% (mean+/- standard-deviation (SD)) for normal endometrium, 11.29+/-2.5% for hyperplastic endometrium, 19.40+/-3.01% for benign tumours and 19.41+/-7.9% for malignant tumours. These findings may be interpreted to suggest that hormonal and anti-proliferative treatment may be more appropriate for the management of uterine carcinomas in rabbits than anti-telomerase treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vinci
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Pathology, University of Bologna, Italy.
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