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Rask-Madsen C, Katragadda S, Li M, Ucpinar S, Chinn L, Arora P, Smith P. Effects of Quinidine or Rifampin Co-administration on the Single-Dose Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Rilzabrutinib (PRN1008) in Healthy Participants. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2024; 13:590-600. [PMID: 38623935 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
This open-label, phase 1 study was conducted with healthy adult participants to evaluate the potential drug-drug interaction between rilzabrutinib and quinidine (an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein [P-gp] and CYP2D6) or rifampin (an inducer of CYP3A and P-gp). Plasma concentrations of rilzabrutinib were measured after a single oral dose of rilzabrutinib 400 mg administered on day 1 and again, following a wash-out period, after co-administration of rilzabrutinib and quinidine or rifampin. Specifically, quinidine was given at a dose of 300 mg every 8 hours for 5 days from day 7 to day 11 (N = 16) while rifampin was given as 600 mg once daily for 11 days from day 7 to day 17 (N = 16) with rilzabrutinib given in the morning of day 10 (during quinidine dosing) or day 16 (during rifampin dosing). Quinidine had no significant effect on rilzabrutinib pharmacokinetics. Rifampin decreased rilzabrutinib exposure (the geometric mean of Cmax and AUC0-∞ decreased by 80.5% and 79.5%, respectively). Single oral doses of rilzabrutinib, with or without quinidine or rifampin, appeared to be well tolerated. These findings indicate that rilzabrutinib is a substrate for CYP3A but not a substrate for P-gp.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suresh Katragadda
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mengyao Li
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Sanofi, Bridgewater, NJ, USA
| | - Sibel Ucpinar
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Sanofi, Bridgewater, NJ, USA
| | - Leslie Chinn
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Sanofi, Bridgewater, NJ, USA
| | - Puneet Arora
- Department of Clinical, Inflammation and Immunology, Sanofi, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Smith
- Integrated Drug Development, Certara, Parsippany, NJ, USA
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2
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Takahashi M, Chong HB, Zhang S, Yang TY, Lazarov MJ, Harry S, Maynard M, Hilbert B, White RD, Murrey HE, Tsou CC, Vordermark K, Assaad J, Gohar M, Dürr BR, Richter M, Patel H, Kryukov G, Brooijmans N, Alghali ASO, Rubio K, Villanueva A, Zhang J, Ge M, Makram F, Griesshaber H, Harrison D, Koglin AS, Ojeda S, Karakyriakou B, Healy A, Popoola G, Rachmin I, Khandelwal N, Neil JR, Tien PC, Chen N, Hosp T, van den Ouweland S, Hara T, Bussema L, Dong R, Shi L, Rasmussen MQ, Domingues AC, Lawless A, Fang J, Yoda S, Nguyen LP, Reeves SM, Wakefield FN, Acker A, Clark SE, Dubash T, Kastanos J, Oh E, Fisher DE, Maheswaran S, Haber DA, Boland GM, Sade-Feldman M, Jenkins RW, Hata AN, Bardeesy NM, Suvà ML, Martin BR, Liau BB, Ott CJ, Rivera MN, Lawrence MS, Bar-Peled L. DrugMap: A quantitative pan-cancer analysis of cysteine ligandability. Cell 2024; 187:2536-2556.e30. [PMID: 38653237 PMCID: PMC11143475 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Cysteine-focused chemical proteomic platforms have accelerated the clinical development of covalent inhibitors for a wide range of targets in cancer. However, how different oncogenic contexts influence cysteine targeting remains unknown. To address this question, we have developed "DrugMap," an atlas of cysteine ligandability compiled across 416 cancer cell lines. We unexpectedly find that cysteine ligandability varies across cancer cell lines, and we attribute this to differences in cellular redox states, protein conformational changes, and genetic mutations. Leveraging these findings, we identify actionable cysteines in NF-κB1 and SOX10 and develop corresponding covalent ligands that block the activity of these transcription factors. We demonstrate that the NF-κB1 probe blocks DNA binding, whereas the SOX10 ligand increases SOX10-SOX10 interactions and disrupts melanoma transcriptional signaling. Our findings reveal heterogeneity in cysteine ligandability across cancers, pinpoint cell-intrinsic features driving cysteine targeting, and illustrate the use of covalent probes to disrupt oncogenic transcription-factor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Takahashi
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Harrison B Chong
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Siwen Zhang
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Tzu-Yi Yang
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Matthew J Lazarov
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Stefan Harry
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kira Vordermark
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jonathan Assaad
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Magdy Gohar
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Benedikt R Dürr
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Marianne Richter
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Himani Patel
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | | | | | | | - Karla Rubio
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Antonio Villanueva
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Junbing Zhang
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Maolin Ge
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Farah Makram
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Hanna Griesshaber
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Drew Harrison
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Ann-Sophie Koglin
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Samuel Ojeda
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Barbara Karakyriakou
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Alexander Healy
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - George Popoola
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Inbal Rachmin
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Neha Khandelwal
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | | | - Pei-Chieh Tien
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Nicholas Chen
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Tobias Hosp
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Sanne van den Ouweland
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Toshiro Hara
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lillian Bussema
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rui Dong
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lei Shi
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Martin Q Rasmussen
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Ana Carolina Domingues
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Aleigha Lawless
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jacy Fang
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Satoshi Yoda
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Linh Phuong Nguyen
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Sarah Marie Reeves
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Farrah Nicole Wakefield
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Adam Acker
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Sarah Elizabeth Clark
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Taronish Dubash
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - John Kastanos
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Eugene Oh
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David E Fisher
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shyamala Maheswaran
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Daniel A Haber
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Genevieve M Boland
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Moshe Sade-Feldman
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Russell W Jenkins
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Aaron N Hata
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nabeel M Bardeesy
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mario L Suvà
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Brian B Liau
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Christopher J Ott
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Miguel N Rivera
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Michael S Lawrence
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Liron Bar-Peled
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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3
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Takahashi M, Chong HB, Zhang S, Lazarov MJ, Harry S, Maynard M, White R, Murrey HE, Hilbert B, Neil JR, Gohar M, Ge M, Zhang J, Durr BR, Kryukov G, Tsou CC, Brooijmans N, Alghali ASO, Rubio K, Vilanueva A, Harrison D, Koglin AS, Ojeda S, Karakyriakou B, Healy A, Assaad J, Makram F, Rachman I, Khandelwal N, Tien PC, Popoola G, Chen N, Vordermark K, Richter M, Patel H, Yang TY, Griesshaber H, Hosp T, van den Ouweland S, Hara T, Bussema L, Dong R, Shi L, Rasmussen MQ, Domingues AC, Lawless A, Fang J, Yoda S, Nguyen LP, Reeves SM, Wakefield FN, Acker A, Clark SE, Dubash T, Fisher DE, Maheswaran S, Haber DA, Boland G, Sade-Feldman M, Jenkins R, Hata A, Bardeesy N, Suva ML, Martin B, Liau B, Ott C, Rivera MN, Lawrence MS, Bar-Peled L. DrugMap: A quantitative pan-cancer analysis of cysteine ligandability. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.20.563287. [PMID: 37961514 PMCID: PMC10634688 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.20.563287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine-focused chemical proteomic platforms have accelerated the clinical development of covalent inhibitors of a wide-range of targets in cancer. However, how different oncogenic contexts influence cysteine targeting remains unknown. To address this question, we have developed DrugMap , an atlas of cysteine ligandability compiled across 416 cancer cell lines. We unexpectedly find that cysteine ligandability varies across cancer cell lines, and we attribute this to differences in cellular redox states, protein conformational changes, and genetic mutations. Leveraging these findings, we identify actionable cysteines in NFκB1 and SOX10 and develop corresponding covalent ligands that block the activity of these transcription factors. We demonstrate that the NFκB1 probe blocks DNA binding, whereas the SOX10 ligand increases SOX10-SOX10 interactions and disrupts melanoma transcriptional signaling. Our findings reveal heterogeneity in cysteine ligandability across cancers, pinpoint cell-intrinsic features driving cysteine targeting, and illustrate the use of covalent probes to disrupt oncogenic transcription factor activity.
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4
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Voice AT, Tresadern G, Twidale RM, van Vlijmen H, Mulholland AJ. Mechanism of covalent binding of ibrutinib to Bruton's tyrosine kinase revealed by QM/MM calculations. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5511-5516. [PMID: 33995994 PMCID: PMC8097726 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06122k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ibrutinib is the first covalent inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) to be used in the treatment of B-cell cancers. Understanding the mechanism of covalent inhibition will aid in the design of safer and more selective covalent inhibitors that target BTK. The mechanism of covalent inhibition in BTK has been uncertain because there is no appropriate residue nearby that can act as a base to deprotonate the cysteine thiol prior to covalent bond formation. We investigate several mechanisms of covalent modification of C481 in BTK by ibrutinib using combined quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) molecular dynamics reaction simulations. The lowest energy pathway involves direct proton transfer from C481 to the acrylamide warhead in ibrutinib, followed by covalent bond formation to form an enol intermediate. There is a subsequent rate-limiting keto-enol tautomerisation step (ΔG ‡ = 10.5 kcal mol-1) to reach the inactivated BTK/ibrutinib complex. Our results represent the first mechanistic study of BTK inactivation by ibrutinib to consider multiple mechanistic pathways. These findings should aid in the design of covalent drugs that target BTK and other similar targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus T Voice
- Centre for Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Gary Tresadern
- Computational Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N. V. Turnhoutseweg 30 B-2340 Beerse Belgium
| | - Rebecca M Twidale
- Centre for Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Herman van Vlijmen
- Computational Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N. V. Turnhoutseweg 30 B-2340 Beerse Belgium
| | - Adrian J Mulholland
- Centre for Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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5
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 7 H -pyrrolo[2,3- d ]pyrimidin-4-amine derivatives as selective Btk inhibitors with improved pharmacokinetic properties for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 145:96-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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6
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Bar-Peled L, Kemper EK, Suciu RM, Vinogradova EV, Backus KM, Horning BD, Paul TA, Ichu TA, Svensson RU, Olucha J, Chang MW, Kok BP, Zhu Z, Ihle NT, Dix MM, Jiang P, Hayward MM, Saez E, Shaw RJ, Cravatt BF. Chemical Proteomics Identifies Druggable Vulnerabilities in a Genetically Defined Cancer. Cell 2017; 171:696-709.e23. [PMID: 28965760 PMCID: PMC5728659 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor NRF2 is a master regulator of the cellular antioxidant response, and it is often genetically activated in non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) by, for instance, mutations in the negative regulator KEAP1. While direct pharmacological inhibition of NRF2 has proven challenging, its aberrant activation rewires biochemical networks in cancer cells that may create special vulnerabilities. Here, we use chemical proteomics to map druggable proteins that are selectively expressed in KEAP1-mutant NSCLC cells. Principal among these is NR0B1, an atypical orphan nuclear receptor that we show engages in a multimeric protein complex to regulate the transcriptional output of KEAP1-mutant NSCLC cells. We further identify small molecules that covalently target a conserved cysteine within the NR0B1 protein interaction domain, and we demonstrate that these compounds disrupt NR0B1 complexes and impair the anchorage-independent growth of KEAP1-mutant cancer cells. Our findings designate NR0B1 as a druggable transcriptional regulator that supports NRF2-dependent lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron Bar-Peled
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Esther K Kemper
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Radu M Suciu
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ekaterina V Vinogradova
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Keriann M Backus
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Benjamin D Horning
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Thomas A Paul
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla, CA 92121, USA
| | - Taka-Aki Ichu
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Robert U Svensson
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jose Olucha
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Max W Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Bernard P Kok
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla, CA 92121, USA
| | - Nathan T Ihle
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla, CA 92121, USA
| | - Melissa M Dix
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ping Jiang
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla, CA 92121, USA
| | - Matthew M Hayward
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla, CA 92121, USA
| | - Enrique Saez
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Reuben J Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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7
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Smith PF, Krishnarajah J, Nunn PA, Hill RJ, Karr D, Tam D, Masjedizadeh M, Funk JO, Gourlay SG. A phase I trial of PRN1008, a novel reversible covalent inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase, in healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2017. [PMID: 28636208 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of PRN1008, a novel Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, in healthy volunteers, and thus determine the dose range for future clinical studies. METHODS This was a two-part randomized, placebo controlled study in healthy volunteers using a liquid formulation. Part I was a single ascending dose design with dose levels of 50-1200 mg (n = 6 active, two placebos per cohort); Part II was a multiple ascending dose design, with dose regimens ranging from 300 to 900 mg daily, either four times or twice daily for 10 days. Plasma pharmacokinetics, adverse events, vital signs, electrocardiograms and laboratory parameters were assessed. BTK occupancy in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was evaluated as a marker of target engagement. RESULTS PRN1008 was rapidly absorbed following oral administration, and was safe and well tolerated in all dose regimens evaluated in both single and multiple doses. PRN1008 demonstrated a large volume of distribution, and a half-life of approximately 3-4 h. BTK occupancy of >90% was observed within 4 h after dosing in both single and multiple dose regimens, and was closely linked to maximum plasma concentration. BTK occupancy decay was slow (-1.6% h-1 ), and occupancy was sustained despite drug concentrations being undetectable. No severe or serious adverse events occurred, and the most common adverse events were gastrointestinal in nature. CONCLUSIONS PRN1008 was safe and well-tolerated following oral administration, and achieved high, sustained levels of BTK occupancy in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ron J Hill
- Principia Biopharma, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dane Karr
- Principia Biopharma, Melbourne, Australia
| | - D Tam
- Principia Biopharma, Melbourne, Australia
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8
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Yin Y, Cai M, Zhou X, Li Z, Zhang Y. Polyketides in Aspergillus terreus: biosynthesis pathway discovery and application. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:7787-98. [PMID: 27455860 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7733-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of biosynthesis gene clusters, production improving methods, and bioactivity mechanisms is very important for the development of filamentous fungi metabolites. Metabolic engineering and heterologous expression methods can be applied to improve desired metabolite production, when their biosynthesis pathways have been revealed. And, stable supplement is a necessary basis of bioactivity mechanism discovery and following clinical trial. Aspergillus terreus is an outstanding producer of many bioactive agents, and a large part of them are polyketides. In this review, we took polyketides from A. terreus as examples, focusing on 13 polyketide synthase (PKS) genes in A. terreus NIH 2624 genome. The biosynthesis pathways of nine PKS genes have been reported, and their downstream metabolites are lovastatin, terreic acid, terrein, geodin, terretonin, citreoviridin, and asperfuranone, respectively. Among them, lovastatin is a well-known hypolipidemic agent. Terreic acid, terrein, citreoviridin, and asperfuranone show good bioactivities, especially anticancer activities. On the other hand, geodin and terretonin are mycotoxins. So, biosynthesis gene cluster information is important for the production or elimination of them. We also predicted three possible gene clusters that contain four PKS genes by homologous gene alignment with other Aspergillus strains. We think that this is an effective way to mine secondary metabolic gene clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Menghao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiangshan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China. .,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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9
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Xu A, Zhang Y, Ran T, Liu H, Lu S, Xu J, Xiong X, Jiang Y, Lu T, Chen Y. Quantitative structure-activity relationship study on BTK inhibitors by modified multivariate adaptive regression spline and CoMSIA methods. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 26:279-300. [PMID: 25906044 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2015.1032346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) plays a crucial role in B-cell activation and development, and has emerged as a new molecular target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and B-cell malignancies. In this study, two- and three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (2D and 3D-QSAR) analyses were performed on a series of pyridine and pyrimidine-based BTK inhibitors by means of genetic algorithm optimized multivariate adaptive regression spline (GA-MARS) and comparative molecular similarity index analysis (CoMSIA) methods. Here, we propose a modified MARS algorithm to develop 2D-QSAR models. The top ranked models showed satisfactory statistical results (2D-QSAR: Q(2) = 0.884, r(2) = 0.929, r(2)pred = 0.878; 3D-QSAR: q(2) = 0.616, r(2) = 0.987, r(2)pred = 0.905). Key descriptors selected by 2D-QSAR were in good agreement with the conclusions of 3D-QSAR, and the 3D-CoMSIA contour maps facilitated interpretation of the structure-activity relationship. A new molecular database was generated by molecular fragment replacement (MFR) and further evaluated with GA-MARS and CoMSIA prediction. Twenty-five pyridine and pyrimidine derivatives as novel potential BTK inhibitors were finally selected for further study. These results also demonstrated that our method can be a very efficient tool for the discovery of novel potent BTK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Xu
- a Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Science , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , P.R. China
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10
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Young WB, Barbosa J, Blomgren P, Bremer MC, Crawford JJ, Dambach D, Gallion S, Hymowitz SG, Kropf JE, Lee SH, Liu L, Lubach JW, Macaluso J, Maciejewski P, Maurer B, Mitchell SA, Ortwine DF, Di Paolo J, Reif K, Scheerens H, Schmitt A, Sowell CG, Wang X, Wong H, Xiong JM, Xu J, Zhao Z, Currie KS. Potent and selective Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors: discovery of GDC-0834. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:1333-7. [PMID: 25701252 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
SAR studies focused on improving the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of the previously reported potent and selective Btk inhibitor CGI-1746 (1) resulted in the clinical candidate GDC-0834 (2), which retained the potency and selectivity of CGI-1746, but with much improved PK in preclinical animal models. Structure based design efforts drove this work as modifications to 1 were investigated at both the solvent exposed region as well as 'H3 binding pocket'. However, in vitro metabolic evaluation of 2 revealed a non CYP-mediated metabolic process that was more prevalent in human than preclinical species (mouse, rat, dog, cyno), leading to a high-level of uncertainly in predicting human pharmacokinetics. Due to its promising potency, selectivity, and preclinical efficacy, a single dose IND was filed and 2 was taken in to a single dose phase I trial in healthy volunteers to quickly evaluate the human pharmacokinetics. In human, 2 was found to be highly labile at the exo-cyclic amide bond that links the tetrahydrobenzothiophene moiety to the central aniline ring, resulting in insufficient parent drug exposure. This information informed the back-up program and discovery of improved inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy B Young
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - James Barbosa
- Gilead Sciences, 36 East Industrial Rd., Branford, CT 06405, United States (formerly CGI Pharmaceuticals)
| | - Peter Blomgren
- Gilead Sciences, 36 East Industrial Rd., Branford, CT 06405, United States (formerly CGI Pharmaceuticals)
| | - Meire C Bremer
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - James J Crawford
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Donna Dambach
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Steve Gallion
- St. Andrews Circle, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
| | - Sarah G Hymowitz
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Jeffrey E Kropf
- Gilead Sciences, 36 East Industrial Rd., Branford, CT 06405, United States (formerly CGI Pharmaceuticals)
| | - Seung H Lee
- Gilead Sciences, 36 East Industrial Rd., Branford, CT 06405, United States (formerly CGI Pharmaceuticals)
| | - Lichuan Liu
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Joseph W Lubach
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Jen Macaluso
- Gilead Sciences, 36 East Industrial Rd., Branford, CT 06405, United States (formerly CGI Pharmaceuticals)
| | - Pat Maciejewski
- Gilead Sciences, 36 East Industrial Rd., Branford, CT 06405, United States (formerly CGI Pharmaceuticals)
| | - Brigitte Maurer
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Scott A Mitchell
- Gilead Sciences, 36 East Industrial Rd., Branford, CT 06405, United States (formerly CGI Pharmaceuticals)
| | - Daniel F Ortwine
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Julie Di Paolo
- Gilead Sciences, 36 East Industrial Rd., Branford, CT 06405, United States (formerly CGI Pharmaceuticals)
| | - Karin Reif
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Heleen Scheerens
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Aaron Schmitt
- Gilead Sciences, 36 East Industrial Rd., Branford, CT 06405, United States (formerly CGI Pharmaceuticals)
| | - C Gregory Sowell
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Harvey Wong
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Jin-Ming Xiong
- Gilead Sciences, 36 East Industrial Rd., Branford, CT 06405, United States (formerly CGI Pharmaceuticals)
| | - Jianjun Xu
- Gilead Sciences, 36 East Industrial Rd., Branford, CT 06405, United States (formerly CGI Pharmaceuticals)
| | - Zhongdong Zhao
- Gilead Sciences, 36 East Industrial Rd., Branford, CT 06405, United States (formerly CGI Pharmaceuticals)
| | - Kevin S Currie
- Gilead Sciences, 36 East Industrial Rd., Branford, CT 06405, United States (formerly CGI Pharmaceuticals)
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11
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Li X, Zuo Y, Tang G, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Wang X, Guo T, Xia M, Ding N, Pan Z. Discovery of a Series of 2,5-Diaminopyrimidine Covalent Irreversible Inhibitors of Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase with in Vivo Antitumor Activity. J Med Chem 2014; 57:5112-28. [DOI: 10.1021/jm4017762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xitao Li
- Key Laboratory of
Chemical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of
Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yingying Zuo
- Key Laboratory of
Chemical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of
Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Guanghui Tang
- Key Laboratory of
Chemical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of
Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of
Chemical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of
Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yiqing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of
Chemical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of
Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Key Laboratory of
Chemical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of
Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tianlin Guo
- Key Laboratory of
Chemical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of
Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Mengying Xia
- Key Laboratory of
Chemical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of
Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry
of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian
District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zhengying Pan
- Key Laboratory of
Chemical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of
Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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12
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Ponader S, Burger JA. Bruton's tyrosine kinase: from X-linked agammaglobulinemia toward targeted therapy for B-cell malignancies. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32:1830-9. [PMID: 24778403 PMCID: PMC5073382 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.53.1046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovery of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) mutations as the cause for X-linked agammaglobulinemia was a milestone in understanding the genetic basis of primary immunodeficiencies. Since then, studies have highlighted the critical role of this enzyme in B-cell development and function, and particularly in B-cell receptor signaling. Because its deletion affects mostly B cells, BTK has become an attractive therapeutic target in autoimmune disorders and B-cell malignancies. Ibrutinib (PCI-32765) is the most advanced BTK inhibitor in clinical testing, with ongoing phase III clinical trials in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and mantle-cell lymphoma. In this article, we discuss key discoveries related to BTK and clinically relevant aspects of BTK inhibitors, and we provide an outlook into clinical development and open questions regarding BTK inhibitor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Ponader
- All authors: The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jan A Burger
- All authors: The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
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13
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Purine derivatives as potent Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors for autoimmune diseases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2206-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.02.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Yoshizato K, Tateno C. A mouse with humanized liver as an animal model for predicting drug effects and for studying hepatic viral infection: where to next? Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2013; 9:1419-35. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2013.826649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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15
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Lamoral-Theys D, Wauthoz N, Heffeter P, Mathieu V, Jungwirth U, Lefranc F, Nève J, Dubois J, Dufrasne F, Amighi K, Berger W, Gailly P, Kiss R. Trivanillic polyphenols with anticancer cytostatic effects through the targeting of multiple kinases and intracellular Ca2+ release. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 16:1421-34. [PMID: 21810170 PMCID: PMC3823212 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01403.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit de-regulation of multiple cellular signalling pathways and treatments of various types of cancers with polyphenols are promising. We recently reported the synthesis of a series of 33 novel divanillic and trivanillic polyphenols that displayed anticancer activity, at least in vitro, through inhibiting various kinases. This study revealed that minor chemical modifications of a trivanillate scaffold could convert cytotoxic compounds into cytostatic ones. Compound 13c, a tri-chloro derivative of trivanillic ester, displayed marked inhibitory activities against FGF-, VEGF-, EGF- and Src-related kinases, all of which are implicated not only in angiogenesis but also in the biological aggressiveness of various cancer types. The pan-anti-kinase activity of 13c occurs at less than one-tenth of its mean IC50in vitro growth inhibitory concentrations towards a panel of 12 cancer cell lines. Of the 26 kinases for which 13c inhibited their activity by >75%, eight (Yes, Fyn, FGF-R1, EGFR, Btk, Mink, Ret and Itk) are implicated in control of the actin cytoskeleton organization to varying degrees. Compound 13c accordingly impaired the typical organization of the actin cytoskeleton in human U373 glioblastoma cells. The pan-anti-kinase activity and actin cytoskeleton organization impairment provoked by 13c concomitantly occurs with calcium homeostasis impairment but without provoking MDR phenotype activation. All of these anticancer properties enabled 13c to confer therapeutic benefits in vivo in a mouse melanoma pseudometastatic lung model. These data argue in favour of further chemically modifying trivanillates to produce novel and potent anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Lamoral-Theys
- Laboratoire de Chimie BioAnalytique, Toxicologie et Chimie Physique Appliquée, Brussels, Belgium
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16
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Wan HL, Wang ZR, Li LL, Cheng C, Ji P, Liu JJ, Zhang H, Zou J, Yang SY. Discovery of Novel Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Using a Hybrid Protocol of Virtual Screening Approaches Based on SVM Model, Pharmacophore and Molecular Docking. Chem Biol Drug Des 2012; 80:366-73. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2012.01415.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Robak T, Robak E. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors as potential drugs for B-cell lymphoid malignancies and autoimmune disorders. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2012; 21:921-47. [PMID: 22612424 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2012.685650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the last few years, several tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been synthesized and become available for preclinical studies and clinical trials. This article summarizes recent achievements in the mechanism of action, pharmacological properties, and clinical activity and toxicity, as well as the emerging role of TKIs in lymphoid malignancies, allergic diseases, and autoimmune disorders. AREAS COVERED A literature review was conducted of the MEDLINE database PubMed for articles in English. Publications from 2000 through January 2012 were scrutinized. The search terms used were Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) inhibitors, PCI-32765, GDC-0834, LFM-A13, AVL-101, AVL-292, spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) inhibitors, R343, R406, R112, R788, fostamatinib, BAY-61-3606, C-61, piceatannol, Lyn, imatinib, nilotinib, bafetinib, dasatinib, GDC-0834, PP2, SU6656 in conjunction with lymphoid malignancy, NHL, CLL, autoimmune disease, allergic disease, asthma, and rheumatoid arthritis. Conference proceedings from the previous 5 years of the American Society of Hematology, European Hematology Association, American Society of Clinical Oncology, and ACR/ARHP Annual Scientific Meetings were searched manually. Additional relevant publications were obtained by reviewing the references from the chosen articles. EXPERT OPINION The use of TKIs, especially inhibitors of Btk, Syk, and Lyn, is a promising new strategy for targeted treatment of B-cell lymphoid malignancies, autoimmune disorders and allergic diseases. However, definitive data from ongoing and future clinical trials will aid in better defining the status of TKIs in the treatment of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeusz Robak
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Hematology, Lodz, Poland.
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18
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Lou Y, Owens TD, Kuglstatter A, Kondru RK, Goldstein DM. Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Approaches to Potent and Selective Inhibition, Preclinical and Clinical Evaluation for Inflammatory Diseases and B Cell Malignancies. J Med Chem 2012; 55:4539-50. [DOI: 10.1021/jm300035p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lou
- Discovery
Chemistry, Small Molecule Research, pRED, Pharma Research and Early
Development, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340
Kingsland Street, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Timothy D. Owens
- Discovery
Chemistry, Small Molecule Research, pRED, Pharma Research and Early
Development, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340
Kingsland Street, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Andreas Kuglstatter
- Discovery
Chemistry, Small Molecule Research, pRED, Pharma Research and Early
Development, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340
Kingsland Street, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Rama K. Kondru
- Discovery
Chemistry, Small Molecule Research, pRED, Pharma Research and Early
Development, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340
Kingsland Street, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - David M. Goldstein
- Discovery
Chemistry, Small Molecule Research, pRED, Pharma Research and Early
Development, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340
Kingsland Street, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
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19
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Liu L, Halladay JS, Shin Y, Wong S, Coraggio M, La H, Baumgardner M, Le H, Gopaul S, Boggs J, Kuebler P, Davis JC, Liao XC, Lubach JW, Deese A, Sowell CG, Currie KS, Young WB, Khojasteh SC, Hop CECA, Wong H. Significant species difference in amide hydrolysis of GDC-0834, a novel potent and selective Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Drug Metab Dispos 2011; 39:1840-9. [PMID: 21742900 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.111.040840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
(R)-N-(3-(6-(4-(1,4-dimethyl-3-oxopiperazin-2-yl)phenylamino)-4-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydropyrazin-2-yl)-2-methylphenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide (GDC-0834) is a potent and selective inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), investigated as a potential treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. In vitro metabolite identification studies in hepatocytes revealed predominant formation of an inactive metabolite (M1) via amide hydrolysis in human. The formation of M1 appeared to be NADPH-independent in human liver microsomes. M1 was found in only minor to moderate quantities in plasma from preclinical species dosed with GDC-0834. Human clearance predictions using various methodologies resulted in estimates ranging from low to high. In addition, GDC-0834 exhibited low clearance in PXB chimeric mice with humanized liver. Uncertainty in human pharmacokinetic prediction and high interest in a BTK inhibitor for clinical evaluation prompted an investigational new drug strategy, in which GDC-0834 was rapidly advanced to a single-dose human clinical trial. GDC-0834 plasma concentrations in humans were below the limit of quantitation (<1 ng/ml) in most samples from the cohorts dosed orally at 35 and 105 mg. In contrast, substantial plasma concentrations of M1 were observed. In human plasma and urine, only M1 and its sequential metabolites were identified. The formation kinetics of M1 was evaluated in rat, dog, monkey, and human liver microsomes in the absence of NADPH. The maximum rate of M1 formation (V(max)) was substantially higher in human compared with that in other species. In contrast, the Michaelis-Menten constant (K(m)) was comparable among species. Intrinsic clearance (V(max)/K(m)) of GDC-0834 from M1 formation in human was 23- to 169-fold higher than observed in rat, dog, and monkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichuan Liu
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, MS# 412a, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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20
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Liu L, Di Paolo J, Barbosa J, Rong H, Reif K, Wong H. Antiarthritis effect of a novel Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor in rat collagen-induced arthritis and mechanism-based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling: relationships between inhibition of BTK phosphorylation and efficacy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 338:154-63. [PMID: 21521773 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.181545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) plays a critical role in the development, differentiation, and proliferation of B-lineage cells, making it an attractive target for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antiarthritis effect of GDC-0834 [R-N-(3-(6-(4-(1,4-dimethyl-3-oxopiperazin-2-yl)phenylamino)-4-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydropyrazin-2-yl)-2-methylphenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide], a potent and selective BTK inhibitor, and characterize the relationship between inhibition of BTK phosphorylation (pBTK) and efficacy. GDC-0834 inhibited BTK with an in vitro IC(50) of 5.9 and 6.4 nM in biochemical and cellular assays, respectively, and in vivo IC(50) of 1.1 and 5.6 μM in mouse and rat, respectively. Administration of GDC-0834 (30-100 mg/kg) in a rat collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model resulted in a dose-dependent decrease of ankle swelling and reduction of morphologic pathology. An integrated disease progression pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model where efficacy is driven by pBTK inhibition was fit to ankle-diameter time-course data. This model incorporated a transit model to characterize nondrug-related decreases in ankle swelling occurring at later stages of disease progression in CIA rats. The time course of ankle swelling in vehicle animals was described well by the base model. Simultaneous fitting of data from vehicle- and GDC-0834-treated groups showed that overall 73% inhibition of pBTK was needed to decrease the rate constant describing the ankle swelling increase (k(in)) by half. These findings suggest a high degree of pBTK inhibition is required for maximal activity of the pathway on inflammatory arthritis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichuan Liu
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA.
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21
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Kuglstatter A, Wong A, Tsing S, Lee SW, Lou Y, Villaseñor AG, Bradshaw JM, Shaw D, Barnett JW, Browner MF. Insights into the conformational flexibility of Bruton's tyrosine kinase from multiple ligand complex structures. Protein Sci 2011; 20:428-36. [PMID: 21280133 PMCID: PMC3048427 DOI: 10.1002/pro.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) plays a key role in B cell receptor signaling and is considered a promising drug target for lymphoma and inflammatory diseases. We have determined the X-ray crystal structures of BTK kinase domain in complex with six inhibitors from distinct chemical classes. Five different BTK protein conformations are stabilized by the bound inhibitors, providing insights into the structural flexibility of the Gly-rich loop, helix C, the DFG sequence, and activation loop. The conformational changes occur independent of activation loop phosphorylation and do not correlate with the structurally unchanged WEI motif in the Src homology 2-kinase domain linker. Two novel activation loop conformations and an atypical DFG conformation are observed representing unique inactive states of BTK. Two regions within the activation loop are shown to structurally transform between 3(10)- and α-helices, one of which collapses into the adenosine-5'-triphosphate binding pocket. The first crystal structure of a Tec kinase family member in the pharmacologically important DFG-out conformation and bound to a type II kinase inhibitor is described. The different protein conformations observed provide insights into the structural flexibility of BTK, the molecular basis of its regulation, and the structure-based design of specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kuglstatter
- *Correspondence to: Andreas Kuglstatter, Hoffmann-La Roche, 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110. E-mail:
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22
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Specific Btk inhibition suppresses B cell- and myeloid cell-mediated arthritis. Nat Chem Biol 2010; 7:41-50. [PMID: 21113169 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) is a therapeutic target for rheumatoid arthritis, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which Btk mediates inflammation are poorly understood. Here we describe the discovery of CGI1746, a small-molecule Btk inhibitor chemotype with a new binding mode that stabilizes an inactive nonphosphorylated enzyme conformation. CGI1746 has exquisite selectivity for Btk and inhibits both auto- and transphosphorylation steps necessary for enzyme activation. Using CGI1746, we demonstrate that Btk regulates inflammatory arthritis by two distinct mechanisms. CGI1746 blocks B cell receptor-dependent B cell proliferation and in prophylactic regimens reduces autoantibody levels in collagen-induced arthritis. In macrophages, Btk inhibition abolishes FcγRIII-induced TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 production. Accordingly, in myeloid- and FcγR-dependent autoantibody-induced arthritis, CGI1746 decreases cytokine levels within joints and ameliorates disease. These results provide new understanding of the function of Btk in both B cell- or myeloid cell-driven disease processes and provide a compelling rationale for targeting Btk in rheumatoid arthritis.
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23
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Konda VR, Desai A, Darland G, Bland JS, Tripp ML. META060 inhibits osteoclastogenesis and matrix metalloproteinases in vitro and reduces bone and cartilage degradation in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:1683-92. [PMID: 20201075 DOI: 10.1002/art.27441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The multikinase inhibitor META060 has been shown to inhibit NF-kappaB activation and expression of markers of inflammation. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of META060 on biomarkers associated with bone and cartilage degradation in vitro and its antiinflammatory efficacy in vivo in both acute and chronic inflammation models. METHODS Glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta)-dependent beta-catenin phosphorylation was evaluated in RAW 264.7 macrophages to assess kinase inhibition. The inhibition of osteoclastogenesis and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity was evaluated in RANKL-treated RAW 264.7 cells. The inhibition of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-mediated markers of inflammation was analyzed in human rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs). Mice with carrageenan-induced acute inflammation and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) were used to assess efficacy. RESULTS META060 inhibited the activity of kinases (spleen tyrosine kinase [Syk], Bruton's tyrosine kinase [Btk], phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase [PI 3-kinase], and GSK3) associated with RA and inhibited beta-catenin phosphorylation. META060 inhibited osteoclastogenesis, as indicated by decreased transformation of RAW 264.7 cells to osteoclasts and reduced TRAP activity, and inhibited IL-1beta-activated prostaglandin E(2), matrix metalloproteinase 3, IL-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 in RASFs. In mice with acute inflammation, oral administration of META060 reduced paw swelling similar to the effect of aspirin. In mice with CIA, META060 significantly reduced the arthritis index and decreased bone, joint, and cartilage degradation. Serum IL-6 concentrations in these mice were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that META060 reduces swelling in a model of acute inflammation and inhibits bone and cartilage destruction in a model of chronic inflammation. Its efficacy is associated with the inhibition of multiple protein kinases, including Syk, Btk, PI 3-kinase, and GSK3. These results warrant further clinical testing of META060 for its therapeutic potential in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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The Src, Syk, and Tec family kinases: distinct types of molecular switches. Cell Signal 2010; 22:1175-84. [PMID: 20206686 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The Src, Syk, and Tec family kinases are three of the most well characterized tyrosine kinase families found in the human genome. Members of these kinase families function downstream of antigen and F(c) receptors in hematopoietic cells and transduce signals leading to calcium mobilization, altered gene expression, cytokine production, and cell proliferation. Over the last several years, structural and biochemical studies have begun to uncover the molecular mechanisms regulating activation of these kinases. It appears that each kinase family functions as a distinct type of molecular switch. This review discusses the activation of the Src, Syk, and Tec kinases from the perspective of structure, phosphorylation, allosteric regulation, and kinetics. The multiple factors that regulate the Src, Syk, and Tec families illustrate the important role played by each of these kinases in immune cell signaling.
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Targeting B-cells in Inflammatory Disease. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(10)45011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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