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Malik S, Sikander M, Wahid M, Dhasmana A, Sarwat M, Khan S, Cobos E, Yallapu MM, Jaggi M, Chauhan SC. Deciphering cellular and molecular mechanism of MUC13 mucin involved in cancer cell plasticity and drug resistance. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:981-999. [PMID: 38498072 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-024-10177-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
There has been a surge of interest in recent years in understanding the intricate mechanisms underlying cancer progression and treatment resistance. One molecule that has recently emerged in these mechanisms is MUC13 mucin, a transmembrane glycoprotein. Researchers have begun to unravel the molecular complexity of MUC13 and its impact on cancer biology. Studies have shown that MUC13 overexpression can disrupt normal cellular polarity, leading to the acquisition of malignant traits. Furthermore, MUC13 has been associated with increased cancer plasticity, allowing cells to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasize. Notably, MUC13 has also been implicated in the development of chemoresistance, rendering cancer cells less responsive to traditional treatment options. Understanding the precise role of MUC13 in cellular plasticity, and chemoresistance could pave the way for the development of targeted therapies to combat cancer progression and enhance treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Malik
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Building, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 5300 North L Street, McAllen, TX, 78504, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Mohammed Sikander
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Building, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 5300 North L Street, McAllen, TX, 78504, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Mohd Wahid
- Unit of Research and Scientific Studies, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, University of Jazan, Jizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anupam Dhasmana
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Building, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 5300 North L Street, McAllen, TX, 78504, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Maryam Sarwat
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Sheema Khan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Building, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 5300 North L Street, McAllen, TX, 78504, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Everardo Cobos
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Murali M Yallapu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Building, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 5300 North L Street, McAllen, TX, 78504, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Building, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 5300 North L Street, McAllen, TX, 78504, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Subhash C Chauhan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Building, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 5300 North L Street, McAllen, TX, 78504, USA.
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA.
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Khonkarn R, Daowtak K, Okonogi S. Chemotherapeutic Efficacy Enhancement in P-gp-Overexpressing Cancer Cells by Flavonoid-Loaded Polymeric Micelles. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:121. [PMID: 32337630 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01657-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance is the major problem in cancer treatment nowadays. Compounds from plants are the new targets to solve this problem. Quercetin (QCT), quercetrin (QTR), and rutin (RUT) are potential anticancer flavonoids but their poor water solubility leads to less efficacy. In this study, the polymeric micelles of benzoylated methoxy-poly (ethylene glycol)-b-oligo(ε-caprolactone) or mPEG-b-OCL-Bz loading with the flavonoids were prepared to solve these problems. The flavonoid-loaded micelles showed an average size of 13-20 nm and maximum loading capacity of 35% (w/w). The release of QCT (21%, 3 h) was lower than that of QTR (51%, 3 h) and RUT (58%, 3 h). QCT (free and micelle forms) exhibited significantly higher cytotoxicity against P-glycoprotein-overexpressing leukemia (K562/ADR) cells than QTR and RUT (p < 0.05). The results demonstrated that QCT-loaded micelles effectively reversed cytotoxicity of both doxorubicin (multidrug resistant reversing (δ) values up to 0.71) and daunorubicin (δ values up to 0.74) on K562/ADR cells. It was found that QCT-loaded micelles as well as empty polymeric micelles inhibited P-gp efflux of tetrahydropyranyl Adriamycin. Besides, mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased by QCT (in its free form and micellar formation). Our results suggested that the combination effects of polymeric micelles (inhibiting P-gp efflux) and QCT (interfering mitochondrial membrane potential) might be critical factors contributing to the reversing multidrug resistance of K562/ADR cells by QCT-loaded micelles. We concluded that QCT-loaded mPEG-b-OCL-Bz micelles are the attractive systems for overcoming multidrug-resistant cancer cells.
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Luo F, Li H, Liang J, Jia H, Li X, Xiao H, He X, He J, Tian Y, Zhao H. Downregulation of NPM reverses multidrug resistance in human hepatoma cells via inhibition of P-glycoprotein expression. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2360-2368. [PMID: 28259962 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is an important issue in current cancer treatments. In human cancer, drug resistance is primarily associated with the overexpression of multidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1). Therefore, the human MDR1 gene promoter may be a target for anti‑MDR drug screening. Numerous methods to prevent MDR have been investigated. However, they have been proven to be clinically ineffective. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether downregulation of nucleophosmin (NPM) demonstrates any effects on the reversal of MDR in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. In the present study, two in vitro MDR HCC cell lines, HepG2/Adriamycin (ADM) and SMMC7721/ADM, were established and the level of MDR was measured. The results demonstrated that NPM downregulation markedly reversed the effects of MDR in the model used. In addition, NPM downregulation reduced P-glycoprotein expression, as well as MDR1 expression. These results suggested that downregulation of NPM may be a novel and effective method of reversing the effects of MDR, and may be a potential adjuvant for tumor chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Luo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030013, P.R. China
| | - Huiyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanxi Dayi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, P.R. China
| | - Jianfang Liang
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Jia
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030013, P.R. China
| | - Hong Xiao
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Xuehua He
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences Shanxi Dayi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, P.R. China
| | - Jiefeng He
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanxi Dayi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, P.R. China
| | - Yanzhang Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanxi Dayi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, P.R. China
| | - Haoliang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanxi Dayi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, P.R. China
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Elder DP, Holm R, Kuentz M. Medicines for Pediatric Patients-Biopharmaceutical, Developmental, and Regulatory Considerations. J Pharm Sci 2016; 106:950-960. [PMID: 28041968 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This commentary reflects current developments in pediatric medicine. The underpinning legislation in both Europe and the United States has led to the initiation of an increased number of clinical trials in the pediatric population, but there are still a number of outstanding issues within this field. These include the differences in the physiology between adults and the very heterogeneous nature of pediatric patients. There is an ongoing scientific debate on the applicability of a Pediatric Biopharmaceutical Classification System to define when waivers for bioequivalence studies can be supported by in vitro dissolution. However, a challenge is that in vitro models should adequately mimic the physiology of different pediatric age-groups and dose definition is another critical aspect. There is a tendency for off-label use of established adult medicines, resulting in increased adverse events and decreased efficacy in the target population. Recent advances in physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling may be used to provide valuable input into these discussions, but there are currently still many knowledge gaps. It is encouraging that there is a global recognition of these deficiencies and substantial funding in the field of basic research is being provided, for example, within Europe the Innovative Medicines Initiative consortium.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Elder
- GlaxoSmithKline, Park Road, Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 0DP, UK
| | - René Holm
- Drug Product Development, Jansen Research & Development, Johnson & Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse B-2340, Belgium
| | - Martin Kuentz
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Muttenz CH-4132, Switzerland.
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Yan YY, Wang F, Zhao XQ, Wang XK, Chen YF, Liu H, Xie Y, Fu LW. Degradation of P-glycoprotein by pristimerin contributes to overcoming ABCB1-mediated chemotherapeutic drug resistance in vitro. Oncol Rep 2016; 37:31-40. [PMID: 27840996 PMCID: PMC5355671 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein, ABCB1/MDR1) is one of the major members of the ABC transporters linked to MDR in cancer cells. In this study, we observed that pristimerin, a natural triterpenoid, potently decreased P-gp in a dose-dependent manner in both drug-resistant KBv200 and stable transfected HEK293/ABCB1 cell lines. Moreover, pristimerin also inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in both cell lines. Intriguingly, reverse transcription-PCR, real-time PCR and protein turn-over assay revealed that the decrease of P-gp was independent of mRNA level but primarily owing to its protein stability. Furthermore, immunofluorescence study with anti-P-gp antibody showed that pristimerin disturbed the subcellular distribution of P-gp with decreased location in the plasma membrane. Taken together, these data suggest that subcellular distribution of P-gp and subsequent downregulation by pristimerin contribute to overcoming ABCB1-mediated chemotherapeutic drug resistance. Our findings suggested inducing the decrease of P-gp membrane protein could be a new promising alternative therapeutic strategy in ABCB1-mediated MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Yan
- Institute of Respiratory and Occupational Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi 037009, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Fan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute of Respiratory and Occupational Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi 037009, P.R. China
| | - Yong Xie
- Institute of Respiratory and Occupational Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi 037009, P.R. China
| | - Li-Wu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
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6
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Zhang R, Lu M, Zhang Z, Tian X, Wang S, Lv D. Resveratrol reverses P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance of U2OS/ADR cells by suppressing the activation of the NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:4147-4154. [PMID: 27895784 PMCID: PMC5104249 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the reversal effect of resveratrol on the phenomenon of multidrug resistance in U2OS/adriamycin (ADR) cells and to clarify the molecular mechanisms. To examine the cell survival and half-inhibitory concentration (IC50) of ADR in U2OS and U2OS/ADR cells, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used. The accumulation of ADR in U2OS and U2OS/ADR cells was investigated by flow cytometry. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1), P-glycoprotein (P-gp), p65 and p38. Compared with U2OS cells, the IC50 value of ADR was significantly increased in U2OS/ADR cells, which exhibited high levels of MDR1/P-gp. However, resveratrol could drastically reduce the IC50 value of ADR and the expression of MDR1/P-gp, and increased the accumulation of ADR in U2OS/ADR cells. In addition, the expression levels of p38 (phosphorylated) and p65 (acetylated and total) in U2OS/ADR cells were also significantly suppressed by resveratrol. These results suggested that the nuclear factor (NF)-κB and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways are correlated with ADR-induced drug resistance in U2OS/ADR cells. Furthermore, resveratrol could downregulate the expression of MDR1/P-gp and reverse the drug resistance phenomenon in U2OS/ADR cells partly at least by suppressing the activation of the NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Xiliang Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Decheng Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
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7
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Zhang Y, Zeng Z, Zhao J, Li D, Liu M, Wang X. Measurement of Rhodamine 123 in Three-Dimensional Organoids: A Novel Model for P-Glycoprotein Inhibitor Screening. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 119:349-52. [PMID: 27060462 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp), as the most important efflux transporter in intestines, plays the key role to determine the bioavailability of many drugs. The three-dimensional (3D) organoid model is suitable to imitate small intestinal epithelium. In this study, a rapid, sensitive and efficient method to measure rhodamine 123 (Rh123, P-gp substrate) in 3D organoids was developed to analyse P-gp-mediated drug transport. Ultrasonic cell disruptor was used to smash the organoid, and automatic microplate reader was used for detecting the concentration of Rh123 (λex /λem = 485/520 nm). Moreover, verapamil, quinidine and mitotane were used to make validation about this newly developed approach. All three P-gp inhibitors significantly inhibited the transport of Rh123 into 3D organoids. Therefore, the above-mentioned method could serve as a new model for P-gp inhibitor screening in a high-throughput way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyang Zeng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfang Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dali Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China. ,
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Yu J, Zhou P, Asenso J, Yang XD, Wang C, Wei W. Advances in plant-based inhibitors of P-glycoprotein. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:867-81. [PMID: 26932198 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2016.1149476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) has emerged as the main problem in anti-cancer therapy. Although MDR involves complex factors and processes, the main pivot is the expression of multidrug efflux pumps. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) belongs to the family of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. It functions in cellular detoxification, pumping a wide range of xenobiotic compounds out of the cell. An attractive therapeutic strategy for overcoming MDR is to inhibit the transport function of P-gp and thus, increase intracellular concentration of drugs. Recently, various types of P-gp inhibitors have been found and used in experiments. However, none of them has passed clinical trials due to their high side-effects. Hence, the search for alternatives, such as plant-based P-gp inhibitors have gained attention recently. Therefore, we give an overview of the source, function, structure and mechanism of plant-based P-gp inhibitors and give more attention to cancer-related studies. These products could be the future potential drug candidates for further research as P-gp inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yu
- a Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China .,b Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education , Hefei , China , and.,c Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine , Hefei , China
| | - Peng Zhou
- a Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China .,b Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education , Hefei , China , and.,c Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine , Hefei , China
| | - James Asenso
- a Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China .,b Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education , Hefei , China , and.,c Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine , Hefei , China
| | - Xiao-Dan Yang
- a Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China .,b Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education , Hefei , China , and.,c Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine , Hefei , China
| | - Chun Wang
- a Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China .,b Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education , Hefei , China , and.,c Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine , Hefei , China
| | - Wei Wei
- a Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China .,b Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education , Hefei , China , and.,c Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine , Hefei , China
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9
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Hsieh MJ, Chen MK, Yu YY, Sheu GT, Chiou HL. Psoralen reverses docetaxel-induced multidrug resistance in A549/D16 human lung cancer cells lines. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:970-977. [PMID: 24703328 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the recommended treatment for advanced-stage cancers. However, the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR), the ability of cancer cells to become simultaneously resistant to different drugs, limits the efficacy of chemotherapy. Previous studies have shown that herbal medicine or natural food may be feasible for various cancers as potent chemopreventive drug. This study aims to explore the capablility of reversing the multidrug resistance of docetaxel (DOC)-resistant A549 cells (A549/D16) of psoralen and the underlying mechanisms. In this study, results showed that the cell viability of A549/D16 subline is decreased when treated with psoralen plus DOC, while psoralen has no effect on the cell proliferation on A549 and A549/D16 cells. Furthermore, mRNA and proteins levels of ABCB1 were decreased in the presence of psoralen, while decreased ABCB1 activity was also revealed by flow cytometry. Based on these results, we believe that psoralen may be feasible for reversing the multidrug resistance by inhibiting ABCB1 gene and protein expression. Such inhibition will lead to a decrease in ABCB1 activity and anti-cancer drug efflux, which eventually result in drug resistance reversal and therefore, sensitizing drug-resistant cells to death in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan; School of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Kuan Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Yen Yu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory, Chang-Hua Hospital, Department of Health, Changhua 513, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Tarng Sheu
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Toxicology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Ling Chiou
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
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10
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Batchelor HK, Fotaki N, Klein S. Paediatric oral biopharmaceutics: key considerations and current challenges. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 73:102-26. [PMID: 24189013 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The complex process of oral drug absorption is influenced by a host of drug and formulation properties as well as their interaction with the gastrointestinal environment in terms of drug solubility, dissolution, permeability and pre-systemic metabolism. For adult dosage forms the use of biopharmaceutical tools to aid in the design and development of medicinal products is well documented. This review considers current literature evidence to guide development of bespoke paediatric biopharmaceutics tools and reviews current understanding surrounding extrapolation of adult methodology into a paediatric population. Clinical testing and the use of in silico models were also reviewed. The results demonstrate that further work is required to adequately characterise the paediatric gastrointestinal tract to ensure that biopharmaceutics tools are appropriate to predict performance within this population. The most vulnerable group was found to be neonates and infants up to 6 months where differences from adults were greatest.
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11
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Different strategies to overcome multidrug resistance in cancer. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:1397-407. [PMID: 23800690 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The risk of acquisition of resistance to chemotherapy remains a major hurdle in the management of various types of cancer patients. Several cellular and noncellular mechanisms are involved in developing both intrinsic and acquired resistance in cancer cells toward chemotherapy. This review covers the various multidrug resistance (MDR) mechanisms observed in cancer cells as well as the various strategies developed to overcome these MDR mechanisms. Extensive studies have been conducted during the last several decades to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy by suppressing or evading these MDR mechanisms including the use of new anticancer drugs that could escape from the efflux reaction, MDR modulators or chemosensitizers, multifunctional nanocarriers, and RNA interference (RNAi) therapy.
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12
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Tayman C, Rayyan M, Allegaert K. Neonatal pharmacology: extensive interindividual variability despite limited size. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 2012; 16:170-84. [PMID: 22479159 DOI: 10.5863/1551-6776-16.3.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Providing safe and effective drug therapy to neonates requires knowledge of the impact of development on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs. Although maturational changes are observed throughout childhood, they are most prominent during the first year of life. Several of these processes overlap, making development an extremely dynamic system in the newborn compared with that in infants, children, or adults. Changes in body composition and porportions, liver mass, metabolic activity, and renal function collectively affect the pharmacokinetic behavior of medications. Instead of simply adapting doses by scaling adult or pediatric doses on the basis of a patient's weight and/or body surface area, integrated knowledge of clinical maturation and developmental pharmacology is critical to the safe and effective use of medications in neonates. Unfortunately, the effects of human ontogeny on both pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics have not been well established in these early stages of life, and information regarding the influence of developmental changes on the pharmacodynamics of medications is even more limited. Theoretically, age-dependent variations in receptor number and affinity for drugs have significant potential to influence an individual's response to drug therapy. In this review, some of the relevant covariates of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in neonates are reviewed and illustrated based on the published literature.
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Chen Y, Tang Y, Guo C, Wang J, Boral D, Nie D. Nuclear receptors in the multidrug resistance through the regulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 83:1112-26. [PMID: 22326308 PMCID: PMC3339266 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the three most common treatment modalities for cancer. However, its efficacy is limited by multidrug resistant cancer cells. Drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) and efflux transporters promote the metabolism, elimination, and detoxification of chemotherapeutic agents. Consequently, elevated levels of DMEs and efflux transporters reduce the therapeutic effectiveness of chemotherapeutics and, often, lead to treatment failure. Nuclear receptors, especially pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2) and constitutive androstane activated receptor (CAR, NR1I3), are increasingly recognized for their role in xenobiotic metabolism and clearance as well as their role in the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) during chemotherapy. Promiscuous xenobiotic receptors, including PXR and CAR, govern the inducible expressions of a broad spectrum of target genes that encode phase I DMEs, phase II DMEs, and efflux transporters. Recent studies conducted by a number of groups, including ours, have revealed that PXR and CAR play pivotal roles in the development of MDR in various human carcinomas, including prostate, colon, ovarian, and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Accordingly, PXR/CAR expression levels and/or activation statuses may predict prognosis and identify the risk of drug resistance in patients subjected to chemotherapy. Further, PXR/CAR antagonists, when used in combination with existing chemotherapeutics that activate PXR/CAR, are feasible and promising options that could be utilized to overcome or, at least, attenuate MDR in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794, United States
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14
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Fasinu P, Pillay V, Ndesendo VMK, du Toit LC, Choonara YE. Diverse approaches for the enhancement of oral drug bioavailability. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2011; 32:185-209. [PMID: 21480294 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In conscious and co-operating patients, oral drug delivery remains the preferable route of drug administration. However, not all drugs possess the desirable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties which favor oral administration mainly due to poor bioavailability. This has in some cases led to the choice of other routes of administration, which may compromise the convenience and increase the risk of non-compliance. Poor bioavailability has necessitated the administration of higher than normally required oral doses which often leads to economic wastages, risk of toxicity, erratic and unpredictable responses. The challenge over the years has been to design techniques that will allow oral administration of most drugs, irrespective of their properties, to achieve a therapeutic systemic availability. This will be a worthy achievement since over 90% of therapeutic compounds are known to possess oral bioavailability limitations. In this review, an attempt has been made to explore various approaches that have been used in recent years to improve oral drug bioavailability, including physical and chemical means. This review strives to provide a comprehensive overview of advances made over the past 10 years (2000-2010) in the improvement of the oral bioavailability of drugs. Briefly, the design of prodrugs to bypass metabolism or to enhance solubility as well as modification of formulation techniques such as the use of additives, permeation enhancers, solubilizers, emulsifiers and non-aqueous vehicles have been discussed. Arising approaches, such as formulation modification techniques; novel drug delivery systems, which exploit the gastrointestinal regionality of drugs, and include the pharmaceutical application of nanotechnology as an emerging area in drug delivery; inhibition of efflux pumps; and inhibition of presystemic metabolism have been more extensively addressed. This critical review sought to assess each method aimed at enhancing the oral bioavailability of drugs in terms of the purpose, scientific basis, limitations, commercial application, as well as the areas in which current research efforts are being focused and should be focused in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pius Fasinu
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa
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15
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Reversal effect of Dioscin on multidrug resistance in human hepatoma HepG2/adriamycin cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 654:129-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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de Klerk OL, Willemsen ATM, Bosker FJ, Bartels AL, Hendrikse NH, den Boer JA, Dierckx RA. Regional increase in P-glycoprotein function in the blood-brain barrier of patients with chronic schizophrenia: a PET study with [(11)C]verapamil as a probe for P-glycoprotein function. Psychiatry Res 2010; 183:151-6. [PMID: 20620031 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2009] [Revised: 02/07/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a major efflux pump in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has a profound effect on entry of drugs, peptides and other substances into the central nervous system (CNS). The brain's permeability can be negatively influenced by modulation of the transport function of P-gp. Inflammatory mediators play a role in schizophrenia, and may be able to influence the integrity of the BBB, via P-gp modulation. We hypothesized that P-gp function in the BBB is changed in patients with schizophrenia. Positron-emission tomography was used to measure brain uptake of [(11)C]verapamil, which is normally extruded from the brain by P-gp. We found that patients with chronic schizophrenia under treatment with antipsychotic drugs compared with healthy controls showed a significant decrease in [(11)C]verapamil uptake in the temporal cortex, the basal ganglia, and the amygdala, and amygdalae, and a trend towards a significant decrease was seen throughout the brain. The decrease of [(11)C]verapamil uptake correlates with an increased activity of the P-gp pump. Increased P-gp activity may be a factor in drug resistance in schizophrenia, induced by the use of antipsychotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onno L de Klerk
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
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17
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Sugano K, Kansy M, Artursson P, Avdeef A, Bendels S, Di L, Ecker GF, Faller B, Fischer H, Gerebtzoff G, Lennernaes H, Senner F. Coexistence of passive and carrier-mediated processes in drug transport. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2010; 9:597-614. [PMID: 20671764 DOI: 10.1038/nrd3187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The permeability of biological membranes is one of the most important determinants of the pharmacokinetic processes of a drug. Although it is often accepted that many drug substances are transported across biological membranes by passive transcellular diffusion, a recent hypothesis speculated that carrier-mediated mechanisms might account for the majority of membrane drug transport processes in biological systems. Based on evidence of the physicochemical characteristics and of in vitro and in vivo findings for marketed drugs, as well as results from real-life discovery and development projects, we present the view that both passive transcellular processes and carrier-mediated processes coexist and contribute to drug transport activities across biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyohiko Sugano
- Pfizer, Research Formulation, Sandwich Laboratories, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, UK.
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18
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Zhang H, Neely L, Lundgren K, Yang YC, Lough R, Timple N, Burrows F. BIIB021, a synthetic Hsp90 inhibitor, has broad application against tumors with acquired multidrug resistance. Int J Cancer 2010; 126:1226-34. [PMID: 19676042 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
17-AAG, the first-generation clinical Hsp90 inhibitor, exhibits promising antitumor activity in clinical studies, but is limited by poor solubility and hepatotoxicity. To pursue compounds with better biopharmaceutical properties, we have developed a series of fully synthetic orally bioavailable inhibitors of Hsp90. Here, we report that 17-AAG and other ansamycin derivatives are inactive in P-gp and/or MRP-1 expressing cell lines and sensitivity could be restored by coadministration of P-gp or MRP inhibitors. In contrast, the synthetic Hsp90 inhibitor, BIIB021 was active in these models. Accordingly, BIIB021 was considerably more active than 17-AAG against adrenocortical carcinoma, a tumor that naturally expresses P-gp, both in vitro and in vivo. This efflux pump-mediated resistance is manifested in both cytotoxicity assays and measurements of target inhibition, such as client protein degradation. Other than this, the cytotoxic activity of BIIB021 was also not influenced by loss of NQO1 or Bcl-2 overexpression, molecular lesions that do not prevent client loss but are nonetheless associated with reduced cell killing by 17-AAG. Our results indicate that the activity of 17-AAG and other ansamycins may be curtailed in tumors that have upregulated efflux pumps or antiapoptotic proteins or other genetic alterations. These data indicate that the new generation of synthetic anti-Hsp90 drugs, exemplified by BIIB021 that is currently undergoing Phase II testing, may have broader application against tumors with acquired multidrug resistance or tumors located in organs protected by MDR proteins, such as the adrenal glands, brain and testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Biogen Idec, 5200 Research Place, San Diego, CA, USA.
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19
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Axelrod D, Bielory L. Fexofenadine hydrochloride in the treatment of allergic disease: a review. J Asthma Allergy 2008; 1:19-29. [PMID: 21436982 PMCID: PMC3121339 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s3092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fexofenadine is a selective, non-sedating H1 receptor antagonist, marketed in the United States since 2000. The FDA approved an oral suspension in 2006, for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria in children. The tablet, capsule, and oral suspension are bioequivalent. Although fexofenadine does not use P450 CYP 3A4 it does interact with a number of drugs at P-glycoprotein and organic anion transporter polypeptides. The risk of toxicity from other drugs may increase with the administration of fexofenadine. Orange and grapefruit juices reduce the bioavailability of fexofenadine. Fexofenadine has been shown to have an impact on inflammatory mediators, other than histamine, such as decreasing the production of LTC4, LTD4, LTE4, PGE2, and PGF2α; inhibiting cyclo-oxygenase 2, thromboxane; limiting iNOS generation of NO; decreasing cytokine levels (ICAM-1, ELAM-1, VCAM-1, RANTES, I-TAC, MDC, TARC, MMP-2, MMP-9, tryptase); and diminishing eosinophil adherence, chemotaxis, and opsonization of particles. These effects may provide benefit to some of the inflammatory responses of an acute allergic reaction and provide a basis for future development of H1 antagonists with stronger anti-inflammatory effects. These studies also support the contention that fexofenadine is effective for the treatment of allergic rhinits and chronic idiopathic urticaria.
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20
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Han W, Li L, Qiu S, Lu Q, Pan Q, Gu Y, Luo J, Hu X. Shikonin circumvents cancer drug resistance by induction of a necroptotic death. Mol Cancer Ther 2007; 6:1641-9. [PMID: 17513612 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-06-0511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Defect in apoptotic signaling and up-regulation of drug transporters in cancer cells significantly limits the effectiveness of cancer chemotherapy. We propose that an agent inducing non-apoptotic cell death may overcome cancer drug resistance and showed that shikonin, a naturally occurring naphthoquinone, induced a cell death in MCF-7 and HEK293 distinct from apoptosis and characterized with (a) a morphology of necrotic cell death; (b) loss of plasma membrane integrity; (c) loss of mitochondrial membrane potentials; (d) activation of autophagy as a downstream consequence of cell death, but not a contributing factor; (e) elevation of reactive oxygen species with no critical roles contributing to cell death; and (f) that the cell death was prevented by a small molecule, necrostatin-1, that specifically prevents cells from necroptosis. The characteristics fully comply with those of necroptosis, a basic cell-death pathway recently identified by Degterev et al. with potential relevance to human pathology. Furthermore, we proved that shikonin showed a similar potency toward drug-sensitive cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and HEK293) and their drug-resistant lines overexpressing P-glycoprotein, Bcl-2, or Bcl-x(L), which account for most of the clinical cancer drug resistance. To our best knowledge, this is the first report to document the induction of necroptosis by a small molecular compound to circumvent cancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Han
- Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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21
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Egger M, Li X, Müller C, Bernhardt G, Buschauer A, König B. Tariquidar Analogues: Synthesis by CuI-Catalysed N/O–Aryl Coupling and Inhibitory Activity against the ABCB1 Transporter. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Ceckova-Novotna M, Pavek P, Staud F. P-glycoprotein in the placenta: Expression, localization, regulation and function. Reprod Toxicol 2006; 22:400-10. [PMID: 16563694 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2006.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2005] [Revised: 01/11/2006] [Accepted: 01/24/2006] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Detailed understanding of the mechanisms employed in transfer of drugs across the placenta is essential for optimization of pharmacotherapy during pregnancy. Disclosure of drug efflux transporters as an "active component" of the placental barrier has brought new important insights into the field of transplacental pharmacokinetics. P-glycoprotein (P-gp, MDR1) is the first discovered and so far the best characterized of drug efflux transporters, whose role in the regulation of drug disposition to the fetus has been extensively studied. Expression of P-gp in the placental trophoblast layer was confirmed at the mRNA and protein levels in all phases of pregnancy, and several in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated functional activity of the transporter in materno-fetal drug transport. P-gp is able to actively pump drugs and other xenobiotics from trophoblast cells back to the maternal circulation, providing thus protection to the fetus. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the expression, localization and function of P-gp in the placenta. In addition, we include the latest data concerning transcriptional regulation of placental P-gp expression and polymorphisms of the MDR1 gene. Clinical significance of placental P-gp and its future perspectives for pharmacotherapy during pregnancy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Ceckova-Novotna
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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23
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Bu LM, Sun SH, Hua JP, Han Y, Lai J, Bao WY. Preparation of HCT-8/5-fluorouracil multidrug resistant cell line and detection of P-glycoprotein. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2006; 14:2082-2086. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v14.i21.2082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To develop HCT-8/5-fluorouracil multidrug resistant cell line and explore the mechanism its drug resistance.
METHODS: High concentration of 5-FU was used in the beginning to induce drug resistance of HCT-8 cell line, and thereafter, the concentration of 5-FU was increased in gradient. About 7 mo later, the cells could stably grow in 2.0 mg/L 5-FU, which was named HCT-8/5-FU multidrug resistant cell line. The resistant index of HCT-8/5-FU cells to 5-FU, adriamycin (ADM), and cisplatin (DDP) was examined with MTT assay, and growth curve was drawn. The morphological changes were observed by both light and electron microscopy. The function of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) was detected by flow cytometry using rhodamine staining.
RESULTS: The resistant index of HCT-8/5-FU cells to 5-FU is 16.6, and a cross-resistance to ADM and DDP was also noticed. In comparison with that of the parental cells, the growth rate of HCT-8/5-FU cells did not changed significantly, but the morphology of the cells was remarkably changed. Irregular nucleus, double nucleus and polymorphic nucleus appeared in HCT-8/5-FU cells, and the cells shaped as polygon-like and leptosomatic. The numbers of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and lysosome were increased, and over-expression of P-gp was observed in HCT-8/5-FU cells.
CONCLUSION: HCT-8/5-FU multidrug resistant cell line is successfully developed. The drug-resistance mechanism of HCT-8/5-FU cell line may be related to the over-expression of P-gp.
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24
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Ogihara T, Kamiya M, Ozawa M, Fujita T, Yamamoto A, Yamashita S, Ohnishi S, Isomura Y. What Kinds of Substrates Show P-Glycoprotein-Dependent Intestinal Absorption? Comparison of Verapamil with Vinblastine. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2006; 21:238-44. [PMID: 16858128 DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.21.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The influence of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) on intestinal absorption of drugs was investigated by comparison of the uptakes of two P-gp substrates, verapamil and vinblastine, using intestinal segments of wild-type and mdr1a/1b gene-deficient (mdr1a/1b(-/-)) mice, and Caco-2 cells. When [(3)H]vinblastine was injected into intestinal segments of wild-type mice, vinblastine was absorbed from duodenum and ileum, but not from jejunum. This difference among intestinal regions could not be explained by segmental differences of mdr1a mRNA expression. In Caco-2 cells, it was found that vinblastine had a high value of efflux/influx ratio (an index of affinity for P-gp) of 12.1, and a low permeability of less than 1 x 10(-6) cm/sec. The corresponding values for verapamil were 4.9 and 10.6 x 10(-6) cm/sec, respectively. After oral administration of [(3)H]vinblastine to mice, the maximum concentration (C(max)) and the area under the plasma concentration time-curve from time 0 to 24 hr (AUC(0-24 hr)) for mdr1a/1b(-/-) mice were 1.5 times greater than those for wild-type mice, while these parameters were not significantly different between the two strains in the case of [(3)H]verapamil. Therefore, P-gp substrates may be classified into at least two types, i.e., verapamil-type, for which the intestinal absorption is unaffected by P-gp, and vinblastine-type, for which the intestinal absorption is influenced by P-gp. Vinblastine-type P-gp substrates, with low permeability and high affinity for P-gp, would be unfavorable candidates for oral drugs.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/physiology
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacokinetics
- Antipyrine/pharmacology
- Area Under Curve
- Caco-2 Cells
- Duodenum/drug effects
- Duodenum/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Ileum/drug effects
- Ileum/metabolism
- Injections, Intravenous
- Intestinal Absorption/drug effects
- Intestinal Absorption/physiology
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Mannitol/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tritium
- Verapamil/administration & dosage
- Verapamil/pharmacokinetics
- Vinblastine/administration & dosage
- Vinblastine/pharmacokinetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuo Ogihara
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan.
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25
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Ferguson LR, De Flora S. Multiple drug resistance, antimutagenesis and anticarcinogenesis. Mutat Res 2005; 591:24-33. [PMID: 16087200 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2005.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2004] [Revised: 01/27/2005] [Accepted: 02/01/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Many cells are protected from excess levels of exogenous chemicals, including mutagens and carcinogens as well as pharmaceutical agents, by being actively extruded through the action of one or more of a series of ATP-binding cassette drug transporter proteins. Those known to be important in humans are the multidrug resistance proteins (P-glycoproteins, encoded by the mdr1 and 3 genes), multidrug-resistance-associated proteins (MRP1-7) and the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). These proteins have overlapping but distinct cellular locations and substrate specificities, and jointly govern the likelihood of penetration or distribution of a given mutagen or carcinogen into various tissues including the brain, testis, ovaries and fetus. Thus, they can affect the absorption, distribution and excretion of mutagens and carcinogens, as well as of their metabolites and conjugates, in most cases acting to prevent or reduce mutagenesis or carcinogenesis. However, because ABC transporters may limit the success of chemotherapy, there has been a considerable effort by the pharmaceutical industry to develop inhibitors of this transport process, and these are increasing in use. In general, the mutagenicity of many chemicals may be increased at the cellular levels by the action of these inhibitors, while the altered absorption characteristics favour greater uptake into the body. Thus, in many cases, such inhibitors may counter the antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic effect of the multidrug resistance mechanisms. There are exceptions, however. An increasing number of single nucleotide polymorphisms in multidrug resistance genes are being identified in humans, and may account for many of the significant differences in inter-individual susceptibility to exogenous and endogenous mutagenic and carcinogenic insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynnette R Ferguson
- Discipline of Nutrition/ACSRC, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
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26
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O'Connor JE, Martínez A, Castell JV, Gómez-Lechón MJ. Multiparametric characterization by flow cytometry of flow-sorted subpopulations of a human hepatoma cell line useful for drug research. Cytometry A 2005; 63:48-58. [PMID: 15593349 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.20095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary cultured hepatocytes are the closest model to the liver for drug research. However, to overcome its limited availability, the search for hepatic cell lines as an alternative to primary cultures is a matter of current interest. In particular, highly differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas have been proposed as in vitro tools for routine experiments in hepatotoxicity and drug metabolism. METHODS Cell populations were selected by fluorescence-activated cell sorting based on low and high relative expressions of P-glycoprotein. These cell lines were characterized after 21 days in culture by multiparametric analysis with flow cytometry providing direct information on key cellular functions (stability in culture, intracellular ionic homeostasis, plasmatic and mitochondrial membrane-related parameters, red-ox status, drug transport, and metabolism). RESULTS Two subpopulations (ADV-1 and ADV-2) from the differentiated and well-characterized human hepatoma BC2 cell line showed increased activity of drug transport and drug biotransformation capability (cytochrome P450 [CYP] 1A2, CYP2B6, CYP3A4, and CYP2Cs). These subpopulations were characterized extensively by multiparametric flow cytometric analysis. CONCLUSION ADV-1 subpopulation showed greater stability in culture, better efficiency regarding intracellular pH maintenance through the operation of Na+/H+ exchange antiporter, and significantly greater CYP-dependent biotransformation activity than the BC2 parental cells and ADV-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Enrique O'Connor
- Centro de Citometría y Citómica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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27
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Zeisig R, Teppke AD, Behrens D, Fichtner I. Liposomal 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen: effect on cellular uptake and resulting cytotoxicity in drug resistant breast cancer cells in vitro. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2004; 87:245-54. [PMID: 15528967 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-004-8699-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The study was performed to investigate the potency of liposomal formulations to reduce or to overcome tamoxifen resistance. Therefore, estrogen receptor (ER) positive MCF-7 and ER deficient NCI/ADR cells with different sensitivity to tamoxifen were used. Instead of the parent compound, 4-hydroxytamoxifen (HT) was used as drug, because this metabolite is the most cytotoxic derivative in vitro. Liposomes further contained the membrane-active alkylphospholipid octadecyl-(1,1-dimethyl-piperidino-4-yl)-phosphate (OPP). Cellular uptake of HT during 3-24 h was determined by high performance thin layer chromatography technique (HPTLC). Free HT was taken up time independently by the two cell lines at 1.5-2.1 g HT/g cellular phosphate. Liposomal HT was taken up at a significantly higher degree than free HT in both cell lines, but the uptake was delayed in the sensitive MCF-7 cell line with the highest concentration detected after 24 h (3.5 g/g). Oppositely, the highest amount in the 'resistant' line (2.3 g/g) was already measured after 3 h in NCI/ADR cells. It successively decreased with incubation time. The faster uptake of liposomal HT by the NCI/ADR cells correlated with a stronger and earlier destruction of resistant NCI/ADR cells whereas the sensitive MCF-7 cells were mainly inhibited in their proliferation. Cytolytic effects were observed in both cell lines after extended incubation periods. The combination of HT with an alkylphospholipid further enhanced the cytotoxicity of the formulation. The IC50 in the NCI/ADR cells could be significantly reduced by liposomes combining both drugs to 15.1 microM compared with the IC50 of the free drugs (HT:28.9 microM; OPP: 36.8 microM). It is assumed that the enhanced and accelerated uptake of liposomal HT in the cell line with relative drug resistance can increase the intracellular bioavailability of HT. The results of this study demonstrated that liposomes with encapsulated antiestrogen have a superior cytotoxic effect in resistant breast cancer cells. That coincided with the enhanced therapeutic effect of these vesicles observed in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Zeisig
- Experimental Pharmacology Group, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Germany.
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28
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Wang EJ, Barecki-Roach M, Johnson WW. Quantitative characterization of direct P-glycoprotein inhibition by St John's wort constituents hypericin and hyperforin. J Pharm Pharmacol 2004; 56:123-8. [PMID: 14980009 DOI: 10.1211/0022357022395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) exerts a critical role in the systemic disposition of, and exposure to, lipophilic and amphipathic drugs, carcinogens, toxins and other xenobiotics. The ability of P-gp to transfer a wide variety of structurally unrelated compounds from the cell interior across the membrane bilayer remains intriguing. Since natural product chemicals in the widely consumed St John's wort appear to exert antidepressant effects by an unknown mechanism, the constituents are frequently studied for interactions with various biomacromolecules as well as cytotoxins or isolated cells. The drug interactions caused by this widely used herbal remedy are under-appreciated. Various clinical interactions have been observed upon the co-administration of St John's wort, and P-gp and CYP3A4 have been indicted as the cause. We characterized several St John's wort constituents for their interaction with P-gp and their specific effects on the P-gp export activity of several marker substrates. Two of these constituents, hyperforin and hypericin, inhibit the active efflux of the fluorescent markers daunorubicin (IC(50) approximately 30 microM) and calcein-AM. Herein, we show in-vitro results that can both explain the competing clinical observations of initial elevated exposure of P-gp substrate drugs (P-gp inhibition) followed by under-exposure (P-gp induction) when St John's wort is co-administered, and provide a further warning against unchecked co-administration of drugs with St John's wort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Jia Wang
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering-Plough Research Institute, Lafayette, NJ 07848, USA.
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