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Di Molfetta IV, Bordoni L, Gabbianelli R, Sagratini G, Alessandroni L. Vitamin D and Its Role on the Fatigue Mitigation: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:221. [PMID: 38257114 PMCID: PMC10818509 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D has historically been associated with bone metabolism. However, over the years, a growing body of evidence has emerged indicating its involvement in various physiological processes that may influence the onset of numerous pathologies (cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, rheumatological diseases, fertility, cancer, diabetes, or a condition of fatigue). This narrative review investigates the current knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying fatigue and the ways in which vitamin D is implicated in these processes. Scientific studies in the databases of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were reviewed with a focus on factors that play a role in the genesis of fatigue, where the influence of vitamin D has been clearly demonstrated. The pathogenic factors of fatigue influenced by vitamin D are related to biochemical factors connected to oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines. A role in the control of the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin has also been demonstrated: an imbalance in the relationship between these two neurotransmitters is linked to the genesis of fatigue. Furthermore, vitamin D is implicated in the control of voltage-gated calcium and chloride channels. Although it has been demonstrated that hypovitaminosis D is associated with numerous pathological conditions, current data on the outcomes of correcting hypovitaminosis D are conflicting. This suggests that, despite the significant involvement of vitamin D in regulating mechanisms governing fatigue, other factors could also play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippolita Valentina Di Molfetta
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (I.V.D.M.); (L.A.)
| | - Laura Bordoni
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (L.B.); (R.G.)
| | - Rosita Gabbianelli
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (L.B.); (R.G.)
| | - Gianni Sagratini
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (I.V.D.M.); (L.A.)
| | - Laura Alessandroni
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (I.V.D.M.); (L.A.)
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Seyyar SA, Tıskaoğlu NS, Onder Tokuc E, Mercanlı M, Doğan L. Is serum vitamin D associated with diabetic retinopathy and its severity or with diabetes itself ? Clin Exp Optom 2023; 106:612-618. [PMID: 35786311 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2022.2090232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE Vitamin D (VitD) deficiency, which is found in approximately one-third of the population of the world, may play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Physicians following diabetes patients should be aware of this relationship and should refer patients to for ophthalmic care for control in a timely manner. BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most common complications of diabetic microvascular disease. VitD deficiency has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes and may have a role in development and severity of diabetic retinopathy. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of serum VitD and some laboratory parameters with the presence of diabetes and retinopathy. METHODS In this study, which has a retrospective epidemiological study design, comprehensive ophthalmologic examination data from the eye clinic, laboratory data from fasting blood tests, and internal medicine outpatient clinic examination data were reviewed. All participants were divided into four groups: 109 healthy controls, and 165 patients with type 2 diabetes of whom 54 did not have retinopathy, 64 had proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and 47 had non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Participants were also divided into four groups according to their serum VitD levels. Serum 25(OH)D, HbA1C, creatine, calcium, phosphate, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein levels were evaluated. RESULTS In the whole study cohort, 152 (55.5%) were female and 122 (44.5%) were male. A statistically significant difference was observed in VitD between the healthy group and the diabetic and proliferative diabetic retinopathy groups (p ≤ 0.001). However, no significant correlation was observed between the presence of diabetes and retinopathy and serum VitD in logistic regression analyses (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Diabetic patients have lower 25(OH)D than non-diabetic patients and there is no direct relationship between 25(OH)D and the development of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevim Ayça Seyyar
- Kocaeli Derince Education and Research Hospital Ophthalmology Department, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Nesime Setge Tıskaoğlu
- Ersin Arslan Education and Research Hospital Ophthalmology Department, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ecem Onder Tokuc
- Kocaeli Derince Education and Research Hospital Ophthalmology Department, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Murat Mercanlı
- Gaziantep University Hospital Ophthalmology Department, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Levent Doğan
- Ophthalmology Department, Tatvan State Hospital, Bitlis, Turkey
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Childs-Sanford SE, Makowski AJ, Hilliard RL, Wakshlag JJ. EXPERIMENTAL CHOLECALCIFEROL SUPPLEMENTATION IN A HERD OF MANAGED ASIAN ELEPHANTS ( ELEPHAS MAXIMUS). J Zoo Wildl Med 2023; 54:219-230. [PMID: 37428684 DOI: 10.1638/2022-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D supplementation may pose a significant health risk in species where levels of deficiency, sufficiency, and toxicity have not been clearly established, and species-specific research on vitamin D supplementation should be performed. This study documented the effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum vitamin D metabolites and other analytes of Ca homeostasis in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). Six adult Asian elephants received PO supplementation with cholecalciferol at 300 IU/kg of body weight (BW) once a week for 24 wk. Serum was analyzed every 4 wk for 25-hydroxyvitamin D2/D3 [25(OH)D]; 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2/D3 [24,25(OH)2D]; 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D]; parathyroid hormone (PTH); total Ca; ionized Ca (iCa); P; and Mg. After the supplement was discontinued, serum 25(OH)D2/D3 was measured every 4 wk until levels returned to baseline. At the start of the study, the average serum 25(OH)D3 was nondetectable (<1.5 ng/ml). With cholecalciferol supplementation, 25(OH)D3 increased at an average rate of 2.26 ng/ml per month and reached an average concentration of 12.9 ± 3.46 ng/ml at 24 wk. Both 24,25(OH)2D3 and 1,25(OH)2D increased over time with supplementation from an average of <1.5 to 12.9 ng/ml and from 9.67 to 36.4 pg/ml, respectively. PTH, iCa, Ca, P, and Mg remained within reported normal ranges throughout supplementation. After the supplement was discontinued, serum 25(OH)D3 demonstrated a slow decline to baseline, taking an average of 48 wk. Elephants demonstrated significant individual variation in response to supplementation and subsequent return to baseline. Supplementation of Asian elephants with a weekly dose of 300 IU/kg BW cholecalciferol for 24 wk appears to be effective and safe. Additional clinical studies would be necessary to investigate the safety of other routes of administration, dosages, and duration of vitamin D supplementation, as well as associated health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew J Makowski
- Heartland Assays, Iowa State University Research Park, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA
| | - Rachel L Hilliard
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Joseph J Wakshlag
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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Seraphin G, Rieger S, Hewison M, Capobianco E, Lisse TS. The impact of vitamin D on cancer: A mini review. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 231:106308. [PMID: 37054849 PMCID: PMC10330295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the most recent advances in vitamin D cancer research to provide molecular clarity, as well as its translational trajectory across the cancer landscape. Vitamin D is well known for its role in regulating mineral homeostasis; however, vitamin D deficiency has also been linked to the development and progression of a number of cancer types. Recent epigenomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic studies have revealed novel vitamin D-mediated biological mechanisms that regulate cancer cell self-renewal, differentiation, proliferation, transformation, and death. Tumor microenvironmental studies have also revealed dynamic relationships between the immune system and vitamin D's anti-neoplastic properties. These findings help to explain the large number of population-based studies that show clinicopathological correlations between circulating vitamin D levels and risk of cancer development and death. The majority of evidence suggests that low circulating vitamin D levels are associated with an increased risk of cancers, whereas supplementation alone or in combination with other chemo/immunotherapeutic drugs may improve clinical outcomes even further. These promising results still necessitate further research and development into novel approaches that target vitamin D signaling and metabolic systems to improve cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerbenn Seraphin
- University of Miami, Department of Biology, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Sandra Rieger
- University of Miami, Department of Biology, Coral Gables, FL, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Martin Hewison
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Thomas S Lisse
- University of Miami, Department of Biology, Coral Gables, FL, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; iCURA LLC, Malvern, PA, USA.
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Capobianco E, McGaughey V, Seraphin G, Heckel J, Rieger S, Lisse TS. Vitamin D inhibits osteosarcoma by reprogramming nonsense-mediated RNA decay and SNAI2-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1188641. [PMID: 37228489 PMCID: PMC10203545 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1188641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcomas are immune-resistant and metastatic as a result of elevated nonsense-mediated RNA decay (NMD), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Although vitamin D has anti-cancer effects, its effectiveness and mechanism of action against osteosarcomas are poorly understood. In this study, we assessed the impact of vitamin D and its receptor (VDR) on NMD-ROS-EMT signaling in in vitro and in vivo osteosarcoma animal models. Initiation of VDR signaling facilitated the enrichment of EMT pathway genes, after which 1,25(OH)2D, the active vitamin D derivative, inhibited the EMT pathway in osteosarcoma subtypes. The ligand-bound VDR directly downregulated the EMT inducer SNAI2, differentiating highly metastatic from low metastatic subtypes and 1,25(OH)2D sensitivity. Moreover, epigenome-wide motif and putative target gene analysis revealed the VDR's integration with NMD tumorigenic and immunogenic pathways. In an autoregulatory manner, 1,25(OH)2D inhibited NMD machinery genes and upregulated NMD target genes implicated in anti-oncogenic activity, immunorecognition, and cell-to-cell adhesion. Dicer substrate siRNA knockdown of SNAI2 revealed superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2)-mediated antioxidative responses and 1,25(OH)2D sensitization via non-canonical SOD2 nuclear-to-mitochondrial translocalization leading to overall ROS suppression. In a mouse xenograft metastasis model, the therapeutically relevant vitamin D derivative calcipotriol inhibited osteosarcoma metastasis and tumor growth shown for the first time. Our results uncover novel osteosarcoma-inhibiting mechanisms for vitamin D and calcipotriol that may be translated to human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa McGaughey
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Gerbenn Seraphin
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - John Heckel
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Sandra Rieger
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Thomas S. Lisse
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- iCURA DX, Malvern, PA, United States
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Ewendt F, Schmitt M, Kluttig A, Kühn J, Hirche F, Kraus FB, Ludwig-Kraus B, Mikolajczyk R, Wätjen W, Bürkner PC, Föller M, Stangl GI. Association between vitamin D status and eryptosis-results from the German National Cohort Study. Ann Hematol 2023; 102:1351-1361. [PMID: 37121914 PMCID: PMC10149638 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05239-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D, besides its classical effect on mineral homeostasis and bone remodeling, can also modulate apoptosis. A special form of apoptosis termed eryptosis appears in erythrocytes. Eryptosis is characterized by cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, and cell membrane phospholipid disorganization and associated with diseases such as sepsis, malaria or iron deficiency, and impaired microcirculation. To our knowledge, this is the first study that linked vitamin D with eryptosis in humans. This exploratory cross-sectional trial investigated the association between the vitamin D status assessed by the concentration of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and eryptosis. Plasma 25(OH)D was analyzed by LC-MS/MS, and eryptosis was estimated from annexin V-FITC-binding erythrocytes by FACS analysis in 2074 blood samples from participants of the German National Cohort Study. We observed a weak but clear correlation between low vitamin D status and increased eryptosis (r = - 0.15; 95% CI [- 0.19, - 0.10]). There were no differences in plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D and eryptosis between male and female subjects. This finding raises questions of the importance of vitamin D status for eryptosis in terms of increased risk for anemia or cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Ewendt
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Marvin Schmitt
- Cluster of Excellence SimTech, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alexander Kluttig
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Julia Kühn
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Frank Hirche
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Frank B Kraus
- Central Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Halle, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Beatrice Ludwig-Kraus
- Central Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Halle, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wim Wätjen
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Michael Föller
- Department of Physiology, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gabriele I Stangl
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Capobianco E, McGaughey V, Seraphin G, Heckel J, Rieger S, Lisse TS. Vitamin D inhibits osteosarcoma by reprogramming nonsense-mediated RNA decay and SNAI2-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.04.522778. [PMID: 36711643 PMCID: PMC9882006 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.04.522778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcomas are immune-resistant and metastatic as a result of elevated nonsense-mediated RNA decay (NMD), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Although vitamin D has anti-cancer effects, its effectiveness and mechanism of action against osteosarcomas are poorly understood. In this study, we assessed the impact of vitamin D and its receptor (VDR) on the NMD-ROS-EMT signaling axis in in vitro and in vivo osteosarcoma animal models. Initiation of VDR signaling facilitated the enrichment of EMT pathway genes, after which 1,25(OH) 2 D, the active vitamin D derivative, inhibited the EMT pathway in osteosarcoma subtypes. The ligand-bound VDR directly downregulated the EMT inducer SNAI2 , differentiating highly metastatic from low metastatic subtypes and 1,25(OH) 2 D sensitivity. Moreover, epigenome-wide motif and putative target gene analysis revealed the VDR’s integration with NMD tumorigenic and immunogenic pathways. In an autoregulatory manner, 1,25(OH) 2 D inhibited NMD machinery genes and upregulated NMD target genes implicated in anti-oncogenic activity, immunorecognition, and cell-to-cell adhesion. Dicer substrate siRNA knockdown of SNAI2 revealed superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2)-mediated antioxidative responses and 1,25(OH) 2 D sensitization via non-canonical SOD2 nuclear-to-mitochondrial translocalization leading to overall ROS suppression. In a mouse xenograft metastasis model, the therapeutically relevant vitamin D derivative calcipotriol inhibited osteosarcoma metastasis and tumor growth shown for the first time. Our results uncover novel osteosarcoma-inhibiting mechanisms for vitamin D and calcipotriol that may be translated to human patients.
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Joo SK, Kim W. Interaction between sarcopenia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Mol Hepatol 2023; 29:S68-S78. [PMID: 36472051 PMCID: PMC10029947 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2022.0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are common health problems related to aging. Despite the differences in their diagnostic methods, several cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have revealed the close link between sarcopenia and NAFLD. Sarcopenia and NAFLD are linked by several shared pathogenetic mechanisms, including insulin resistance, hormonal imbalance, systemic inflammation, myostatin and adiponectin dysregulation, nutritional deficiencies, and physical inactivity, thus implicating a bidirectional relationship between sarcopenia and NAFLD. However, there is not sufficient data to support a direct causal relationship between sarcopenia and NAFLD. Moreover, it is currently difficult to conclude whether sarcopenia is a risk factor for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) or is a consequence of NASH. Therefore, this review intends to touch on the shared common mechanisms and the bidirectional relationship between sarcopenia and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Kyung Joo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Association between the Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Vitamin D Status in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030639. [PMID: 36771345 PMCID: PMC9919416 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) increases the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which might be related to insulin resistance (IR). We aimed to explore the association between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a reliable indicator of IR, and VDD in patients with T2DM. METHODS There were 1034 participants with T2DM enrolled in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. The TyG index was calculated as ln (fasting triglyceride (TG, mg/dL) × fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)/2). VDD was defined as 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level <50 nmol/L. RESULTS Correlation analysis showed a negative association between the TyG index and 25(OH)D level. After adjustments for clinical and laboratory parameters, it was revealed that when taking the Q1 quartile of TyG index as a reference, an increasing trend of VDD prevalence was presented in the other three groups divided by TyG index quartiles, where the OR (95% CI) was 1.708 (1.132-2.576) for Q2, 2.041 (1.315-3.169) for Q3, and 2.543 (1.520-4.253) for Q4 (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Patients with higher TyG index were more likely to have an increased risk of VDD in T2DM population, which may be related to IR.
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Barliana MI, Afifah NN, Yunivita V, Ruslami R. Genetic polymorphism related to ethambutol outcomes and susceptibility to toxicity. Front Genet 2023; 14:1118102. [PMID: 37152993 PMCID: PMC10157140 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1118102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) stated that ensuring access to effective and optimal treatment is a key component to eradicate tuberculosis (TB) through the End TB Strategy. Personalized medicine that depends on the genetic profile of an individual is one way to optimize treatment. It is necessary because of diverse drug responses related to the variation in human DNA, such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Ethambutol (EMB) is a drug widely used as the treatment for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (Mtb) and/non-tuberculous mycobacteria and has become a potential supplementary agent for a treatment regimen of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB. In human genetic polymorphism studies of anti-tuberculosis, the majority focus on rifampicin or isoniazid, which discuss polymorphisms related to their toxicity. Whereas there are few studies on EMB, the incidence of EMB toxicity is lower than that of other first-line anti-TB drugs. To facilitate personalized medicine practice, this article summarizes the genetic polymorphisms associated with alterations in the pharmacokinetic profile, resistance incidence, and susceptibility to EMB toxicity. This study includes 131 total human studies from 17 articles, but only eight studies that held in the low-middle income country (LMIC), while the rest is research conducted in developed countries with high incomes. Personalized medicine practices are highly recommended to maintain and obtain the optimal therapeutic effect of EMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Intan Barliana
- Department of Biological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- *Correspondence: Melisa Intan Barliana,
| | - Nadiya Nurul Afifah
- Department of Biological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Vycke Yunivita
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Rovina Ruslami
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
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Wawrzyniak A, Balawender K. Structural and Metabolic Changes in Bone. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12151946. [PMID: 35953935 PMCID: PMC9367262 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bone is an extremely metabolically active tissue that is regenerated and repaired over its lifetime by bone remodeling. Most bone diseases are caused by abnormal restructure processes that undermine bone structure and mechanical strength and trigger clinical symptoms, such as pain, deformity, fracture, and abnormalities of calcium and phosphate homoeostasis. The article examines the main aspects of bone development, anatomy, structure, and the mechanisms of cell and molecular regulation of bone remodeling. Abstract As an essential component of the skeleton, bone tissue provides solid support for the body and protects vital organs. Bone tissue is a reservoir of calcium, phosphate, and other ions that can be released or stored in a controlled manner to provide constant concentration in body fluids. Normally, bone development or osteogenesis occurs through two ossification processes (intra-articular and intra-chondral), but the first produces woven bone, which is quickly replaced by stronger lamellar bone. Contrary to commonly held misconceptions, bone is a relatively dynamic organ that undergoes significant turnover compared to other organs in the body. Bone metabolism is a dynamic process that involves simultaneous bone formation and resorption, controlled by numerous factors. Bone metabolism comprises the key actions. Skeletal mass, structure, and quality are accrued and maintained throughout life, and the anabolic and catabolic actions are mostly balanced due to the tight regulation of the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. This activity is also provided by circulating hormones and cytokines. Bone tissue remodeling processes are regulated by various biologically active substances secreted by bone tissue cells, namely RANK, RANKL, MMP-1, MMP-9, or type 1 collagen. Bone-derived factors (BDF) influence bone function and metabolism, and pathophysiological conditions lead to bone dysfunction. This work aims to analyze and evaluate the current literature on various local and systemic factors or immune system interactions that can affect bone metabolism and its impairments.
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Fan Y, Ding L, Zhang Y, Shu H, He Q, Cui J, Hu G, Liu M. Vitamin D Status and All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in China. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:794947. [PMID: 35311238 PMCID: PMC8931658 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.794947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association between vitamin D status and all-cause mortality among type 2 diabetes patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We prospectively followed 1,291 participants with type 2 diabetes aged 20-80 years during 2013-2018. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the association between different vitamin D status and all-cause mortality risk among hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 4.15 years (5,365 person-years in total), 61 cases of death were identified. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality across the quartiles of baseline circulating 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OH vitamin D) were 2.70 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12-6.54], 1.00, 1.39 (95% CI 0.53-3.65), 2.31 (95% CI 0.96-5.54), respectively. Multivariable-adjusted HRs for all-cause mortality by different groups of baseline 25-OH vitamin D concentrations (<25, 25-49, 50-100, and ≥100 nmol/L) were 1.31 (95% CI 0.58-2.96), 0.94 (95% CI 0.47-1.87), 1.00, and 3.58 (95% CI 1.43-8.98), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Very low or high concentrations of vitamin D may be associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Fan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yalan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Shu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingqiu Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Hu
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Gang Hu, ; Ming Liu,
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Hu, ; Ming Liu,
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Upadhaya SD, Chung TK, Jung YJ, Kim IH. Dietary 25(OH)D3 supplementation to gestating and lactating sows and their progeny affects growth performance, carcass characteristics, blood profiles and myogenic regulatory factor- related gene expression in wean-finish pigs. Anim Biosci 2021; 35:461-474. [PMID: 34727644 PMCID: PMC8902224 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This experiment investigated the effects of supplementing vitamin D3-fortified sow and progeny diets with 25(OH)D3 on growth performance, carcass characteristics, immunity, and pork meat quality. Methods The present study involved the assessment of supplementing the diet of sows and their progeny with or without 25 (OH)D3 in a 2×2 factorial arrangement on the performance and production characteristics of wean-finish pigs. Forty-eight multiparous sows were assigned to a basal diet containing 2000 IU/kg vitamin D3 and supplemented without (CON) or with (TRT) 50 μg/kg 25 (OH)D3. At weaning, a total of 80 pigs each from CON and TRT sows were allocated to weaning and growing-finishing basal diets fortified with 2,500 and 1,750 IU/kg vitamin D3 respectively and supplemented without or with 50 μg/kg 25(OH)D3. Results Sows fed 25(OH)D3-supplemented diets improved pre-weaning growth rate of nursing piglets. A significant sow and pig weaning diet effect was observed for growth rate and feed efficiency (p<0.05) during days 1 to 42 post-weaning. Pigs consuming 25(OH)D3-supplemented diets gained weight faster (p = 0.016), ate more (p = 0.044) and tended to convert feed to gain more efficiently (p = 0.088) than those fed CON diet between days 98 and 140 post-weaning. Supplemental 25(OH)D3 improved water holding capacity and reduced drip loss of pork meat, increased serum 25(OH)D3 level, produced higher interleukin-1 and lower interleukin-6 concentrations in blood circulation, downregulated myostatin (MSTN) and upregulated myogenic differentiation (MYOD) and myogenic factor 5 (MYF5) gene expressions (p<0.05). Conclusion Supplementing vitamin D3-fortified sow and wean-finish pig diets with 50 μg/kg 25(OH)D3 significantly improved production performance suggesting their current dietary vitamin D3 levels are insufficient. In fulfilling the total need for vitamin D, it is strongly recommended to add 50 μg/kg 25(OH)D3 “on top” to practical vitamin D3-fortified sow and wean-finish pig diets deployed under commercial conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santi Devi Upadhaya
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Korea
| | - Thau Kiong Chung
- DSM Nutritional Products Asia Pacific, Mapletree Business City, Singapore 117440, MapleTree Business City, Singapore
| | - Yeon Jae Jung
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Korea
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14
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Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration with anthropometric measures in children and adolescents: the CASPIAN-V study. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:2219-2226. [PMID: 33247367 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-01067-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations reflect vitamin D status, with deficiency implicated as an underlying factor for many adverse health effects. This study aims to analyze the association between vitamin D status and different anthropometric measures in a large pediatric population. METHODS This nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 in blood samples obtained from school students of 30 provinces in Iran. Participants were 2596 children and adolescents aged 7-18 years. Weight, height, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), neck circumference (NC), and wrist circumference (WrC) were measured. Body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (W/HtR) were calculated. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured using chemiluminescent immunoassay. RESULTS Participants consisted of 55% boys, 71.3% urban inhabitants, with a mean (SD) age of 12.1 (3.0) years. Overall, vitamin D deficiency was documented in 10.6% of participants, insufficiency in 60.4%, and sufficiency in 29% of the population studied. The mean of BMI and WC was higher in the vitamin D deficient than in the vitamin D sufficient group (19.31 kg/m2 and 69.24 cm vs. 18.34 kg/m2 and 65.73 cm, respectively, P < 0.01). Multivariate linear regression models revealed a significant association of vitamin D insufficiency with WC and W/HtR (P < 0.05). Likewise, in the multivariate regression models, vitamin D deficiency was associated with BMI, WC, and W/HtR (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings on the inverse association between vitamin D status and some anthropometric measures underscore the importance of providing vitamin D by fortification and supplementation programs of vitamin D for the pediatric population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V.
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15
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Wong D, Broberg DN, Doad J, Umoh JU, Bellyou M, Norley CJD, Holdsworth DW, Montero-Odasso M, Beauchet O, Annweiler C, Bartha R. Effect of Memantine Treatment and Combination with Vitamin D Supplementation on Body Composition in the APP/PS1 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease Following Chronic Vitamin D Deficiency. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:375-388. [PMID: 33780366 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency and altered body composition are common in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Memantine with vitamin D supplementation can protect cortical axons against amyloid-β exposure and glutamate toxicity. OBJECTIVE To study the effects of vitamin D deprivation and subsequent treatment with memantine and vitamin D enrichment on whole-body composition using a mouse model of AD. METHODS Male APPswe/PS1dE9 mice were divided into four groups at 2.5 months of age: the control group (n = 14) was fed a standard diet throughout; the remaining mice were started on a vitamin D-deficient diet at month 6. The vitamin D-deficient group (n = 14) remained on the vitamin D-deficient diet for the rest of the study. Of the remaining two groups, one had memantine (n = 14), while the other had both memantine and 10 IU/g vitamin D (n = 14), added to their diet at month 9. Serum 25(OH)D levels measured at months 6, 9, 12, and 15 confirmed vitamin D levels were lower in mice on vitamin D-deficient diets and higher in the vitamin D-supplemented mice. Micro-computed tomography was performed at month 15 to determine whole-body composition. RESULTS In mice deprived of vitamin D, memantine increased bone mineral content (8.7% increase, p < 0.01) and absolute skeletal tissue mass (9.3% increase, p < 0.05) and volume (9.2% increase, p < 0.05) relative to controls. This was not observed when memantine treatment was combined with vitamin D enrichment. CONCLUSION Combination treatment of vitamin D and memantine had no negative effects on body composition. Future studies should clarify whether vitamin D status impacts the effects of memantine treatment on bone physiology in people with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dickson Wong
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Dana N Broberg
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jagroop Doad
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph U Umoh
- Preclinical Imaging Research Centre, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Miranda Bellyou
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Chris J D Norley
- Preclinical Imaging Research Centre, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - David W Holdsworth
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Preclinical Imaging Research Centre, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Manuel Montero-Odasso
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Parkwood Hospital, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Olivier Beauchet
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal and McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cedric Annweiler
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Memory Clinic, Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, University Hospital, Angers, France.,UPRES EA 4638, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Robert Bartha
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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16
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Bellastella G, Scappaticcio L, Longo M, Carotenuto R, Carbone C, Caruso P, Maio A, Paglionico VA, Vietri MT, Maiorino MI, Esposito K. New insights into vitamin D regulation: is there a role for alkaline phosphatase? J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:1891-1896. [PMID: 33492600 PMCID: PMC8357672 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01503-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency is based on the determination of total plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) concentrations, but the regulation of vitamin D 25-hydroxylation is not a major consideration and very little information is available on this activity. To check what factors could interfere with the activity of vitamin D-25-hydroxylase and thus alter the 25-OHD concentrations, we looked for potential correlations between 25-OHD and results of liver function tests in healthy adults. METHODS This single-centre study was retrospective and consisted of evaluating the correlations between 25-OHD and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) in 349 healthy subjects aged from 18 to 65 years. In particular, in Group 1 (n = 119), we looked for correlations between 25OHD and all liver function tests and in Group 2 (n = 230) the correlation between 25OHD and BALP. RESULTS In Group 1, we found no correlation between 25OHD and AST (r = - 0.03; p = 0.8), ALT (r = - 0.02; p = 0.91), GGT (r = - 0.08; p = 0.68), direct bilirubin (r = - 0.02; p = 0.89), indirect bilirubin (r = - 0.24; p = 0.21), and total bilirubin (r = - 0.24; p = 0.21) but one between 25OHD and ALP (r = - 0.2; p = 0.007); in Group 2, we found a significant negative correlation between 25-OHD and BALP (r = - 0.2; p = 0.0008). CONCLUSIONS The correlations that we found suggest that ALP and BALP might be involved in the regulation of vitamin D-25-hydroxylase activity, but further studies are mandatory to confirm our assumptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bellastella
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Piazza L. Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - L Scappaticcio
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Piazza L. Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - M Longo
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Piazza L. Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - R Carotenuto
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Piazza L. Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - C Carbone
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Piazza L. Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - P Caruso
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Piazza L. Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - A Maio
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Piazza L. Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - V A Paglionico
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Piazza L. Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - M T Vietri
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - M I Maiorino
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Piazza L. Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - K Esposito
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
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17
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Mustafa A, Shekhar C. Concentration levels of serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin-D and vitamin D deficiency among children and adolescents of India: a descriptive cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:334. [PMID: 34362329 PMCID: PMC8344146 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02803-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D is an essential micronutrient for the overall health and well-being of individuals. For strong musculoskeletal and neurological development of human body, vitamin D levels during childhood and adolescence have key importance. This is the first national-level study that analyzes the deficiency and concentration of serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D)] among Indian children and adolescents with respect to various demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Methods Data of Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS, 2016–18) was utilized for the present study. Vitamin D levels were assessed based on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency has been shown for the three age groups: 0–4 years (n = 12,764), 5–9 years (n = 13,482), 10–19 years (n = 13,065). Vitamin D deficiency was defined as: serum 25(OH)D < 12 ng/mL; and insufficiency as: 12 ng/ml ≤ 25(OH) < 20 ng/ml. 25(OH) D level higher than 20 ng/mL was accepted as adequate. Random slope multilevel logistic regression models were employed to assess the demographic and socioeconomic correlates of vitamin D deficiency. Results Mean serum 25(OH)D concentration level was found to be 19.51 ± 8.76, 17.73 ± 7.91, and 17.07 ± 8.16 ng/ml in age group 0–4 years, 5–9 years and 10–19 years respectively. 49.12% of the children aged 0–4 years were having insufficient level of vitamin D. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was comparatively higher among female adolescents (76.16%), adolescents living in rural region (67.48), Sikh individuals (0–4 years: 76.28%; 5–9 years: 90.26%; 10–19 years: 89.56%), and adolescents coming from rich households. North-Indian individuals were having substantially higher odds of vitamin D deficiency in all the three age groups. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is considerably high among children and adolescents of India. The study highlights high-risk group which require prompt policy interventions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-021-02803-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akif Mustafa
- Research Fellow, International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai, 400088, India.
| | - Chander Shekhar
- Department of Fertility studies, International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai, India
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18
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Said NA, Kamenwa RW, Limbe MS, Okumu MO, Macharia WM. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in exclusively breastfed infants at a tertiary healthcare facility in Nairobi, Kenya. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2021; 64:726-734. [PMID: 34033282 PMCID: PMC10528608 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in exclusively breastfed infants at the Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi, Kenya (AKUHN). The relationships between 25-hydroxyvitamin D; 25OHD, parathyroid hormone (PTH), maternal vitamin D supplementation, and sunlight exposure were also determined. METHODS Blood from 98 infants was assayed for 25OHD, calcium, phosphate, and PTH. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential analysis (p < 0.05). RESULTS The prevalence of VDD (25OHD <12 ng/mL), vitamin D insufficiency (VDI, 25OHD 12-20 ng/mL) and vitamin D sufficiency (VDS, 25OHD >20 ng/mL) was 11.2% (95% CI 8.0%-14.4%), 12.2% (95% CI 8.9%-15.5%), and 76.5% (95% CI 72.3%-80.8%) respectively. There was no difference in the mean age, head circumference, length, or weight of infants in VDD, VDI, and VDS groups. PTH was elevated when 25OHD was <12 ng/mL and normal when 25OHD was between 12-20 ng/mL. 25OHD and PTH were normal in infants whose mothers received vitamin D supplements. Infants who received <30 minutes/day of exposure to sunlight were 5 times more likely to have VDI than infants who received ≥30 minutes/day (p = 0.042). CONCLUSION The prevalence of VDD in exclusively breastfed infants at AKUHN is low. The current national policy that recommends exclusive breastfeeding of infants in the first 6 months of life appears to be effective in staving off vitamin D deficiency but those infants with < 30 minutes sunlight exposure may benefit from low dose supplemental vitamin D during times of low sunlight exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Abubakar Said
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya,
- Department of Pediatrics, Avenue Hospital Kisumu, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Rose Wanjiru Kamenwa
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mary Slessor Limbe
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mitchel Otieno Okumu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching, and Referral Hospital, Kisumu, Kenya
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - William Maina Macharia
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
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Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Kressig RW, Meier C, Stute P. Empfehlung zu Vitamin D im Rahmen der COVID-19-Pandemie für Geriater*Innen und Hausärzt*Innen. JOURNAL FÜR GYNÄKOLOGISCHE ENDOKRINOLOGIE/SCHWEIZ 2021. [PMCID: PMC7889707 DOI: 10.1007/s41975-021-00180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heike A. Bischoff-Ferrari
- Geriatrie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz
- Universitäre Klinik für Akutgeriatrie, Stadtspital Waid & Triemli, Zürich, Schweiz
- Lehrstuhl Geriatrie und Altersforschung, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Reto W. Kressig
- Universitäre Altersmedizin FELIX PLATTER, Basel, Schweiz
- Klinische Professur für Geriatrie, Universität Basel, Basel, Schweiz
| | - Christian Meier
- Klinik für Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Metabolismus, Universitätsspital Basel, Basel, Schweiz
- Endokrinologische Praxis, Osteologisches Universitätsforschungszentrum DVO, Basel, Schweiz
| | - Petra Stute
- Abteilung für Gynäkologische Endokrinologie und Reproduktionsmedizin, Frauenklinik, Inselspital, Friedbühlstrasse 19, 3010 Bern, Schweiz
- Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Gynäkologische Endokrinologie und Menopause, SGEM, Lausanne, Schweiz
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Annamalai C, Seth R, Viswanathan P. Ferrotoxicity and Its Amelioration by Calcitriol in Cultured Renal Cells. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6634429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with significant mortality and an enormous economic burden. Whereas iron is essential for metabolically active renal cells, it has the potential to cause renal cytotoxicity by promoting Fenton chemistry-based oxidative stress involving lipid peroxidation. In addition, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol), the active form of vitamin D, is reported to have an antioxidative role. In this study, we intended to demonstrate the impact of vitamin D on iron-mediated oxidant stress and cytotoxicity of Vero cells exposed to iohexol, a low osmolar iodine-containing contrast media in vitro. Cultured Vero cells were pretreated with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 dissolved in absolute ethanol (0.05%, 2.0 mM) at a dose of 1 mM for 6 hours. Subsequently, iohexol was added at a concentration of 100 mg iodine per mL and incubated for 3 hours. Total cellular iron content was analysed by a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer at 372 nm. Lipid peroxidation was determined by TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive species) assay. Antioxidants including total thiol content were assessed by Ellman’s method, catalase by colorimetric method, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) by nitroblue tetrazolium assay. The cells were stained with DAPI (4
,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole), and the cytotoxicity was evaluated by viability assay (MTT assay). The results indicated that iohexol exposure caused a significant increase of the total iron content in Vero cells. A concomitant increase of lipid peroxidation and decrease of total thiol protein levels, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activity were observed along with decreased cell viability in comparison with the controls. Furthermore, these changes were significantly reversed when the cells were pretreated with vitamin D prior to incubation with iohexol. Our findings of this in vitro model of iohexol-induced renotoxicity lend further support to the nephrotoxic potential of iron and underpin the possible clinical utility of vitamin D for the treatment and prevention of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrashekar Annamalai
- Renal Research Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632 014 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rohit Seth
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, 495009 Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Pragasam Viswanathan
- Renal Research Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632 014 Tamil Nadu, India
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Wu J, Shao B, Xin X, Luo W, Mo M, Jiang W, Si S, Wang S, Shen Y, Yu Y. Association of vitamin D pathway gene polymorphisms with vitamin D level during pregnancy was modified by season and vitamin D supplement. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:3650-3660. [PMID: 33423808 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS This study aims to explore the associations of vitamin D (VD) metabolic pathway gene with 25(OH)D level in pregnant women and the interactions of SNP with season and VD supplement. METHODS A total of 2658 pregnant women were selected from Zhoushan Pregnant Women Cohort study. Gestational 25(OH)D level and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of VD metabolic pathway gene were detected. Multilinear regression models were used to estimate associations of SNPs with gestational 25(OH)D levels. Stratified analyses were performed to test the interactions of SNP with season and VD supplements. RESULTS The mutations of rs2298849 and rs7041 on the GC gene were respectively associated with higher 25(OH)D in the first and third trimester; the mutations of seven SNPs (rs1155563, rs16846876, rs17467825, rs2282679, rs2298850, rs3755967, and rs4588) on the GC gene were respectively associated with lower 25(OH)D both in the first and third trimester, and lower changes in 25(OH)D during late pregnancy. The mutations of above seven SNPs, except for rs1155563, were also respectively associated with lower 25(OH)D in the second trimester, but to a lesser extent; Besides, pregnant women with mutation on CYP24A1-rs2209314 had a higher increment in 25(OH)D than their counterparts in the second trimester. The increasing dose effect of Gc isoform on 25(OH)D was observed. The associations of GC and LRP2 genes with 25(OH)D modified by season and VD supplements. CONCLUSIONS The polymorphisms of VD metabolic pathway gene were associated with gestational 25(OH)D, and the associations differ by seasons and VD supplements. Gc isoform exerted a profound influence on gestational 25(OH)D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Wu
- Zhoushan Maternal and Child Care Hospital, Zhoushan, China
| | - Bule Shao
- Department of Public Health, and Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing Xin
- Department of Public Health, and Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenliang Luo
- Department of Public Health, and Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minjia Mo
- Department of Public Health, and Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Zhoushan Maternal and Child Care Hospital, Zhoushan, China
| | - Shuting Si
- Department of Public Health, and Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuojia Wang
- Department of Public Health, and Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Shen
- Department of Public Health, and Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunxian Yu
- Department of Public Health, and Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Annamalai C, Seth R, Viswanathan P. Ferrotoxicity and Its Amelioration by Calcitriol in Cultured Renal Cells. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2021; 2021:6634429. [PMID: 33680716 PMCID: PMC7925041 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6634429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with significant mortality and an enormous economic burden. Whereas iron is essential for metabolically active renal cells, it has the potential to cause renal cytotoxicity by promoting Fenton chemistry-based oxidative stress involving lipid peroxidation. In addition, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol), the active form of vitamin D, is reported to have an antioxidative role. In this study, we intended to demonstrate the impact of vitamin D on iron-mediated oxidant stress and cytotoxicity of Vero cells exposed to iohexol, a low osmolar iodine-containing contrast media in vitro. Cultured Vero cells were pretreated with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 dissolved in absolute ethanol (0.05%, 2.0 mM) at a dose of 1 mM for 6 hours. Subsequently, iohexol was added at a concentration of 100 mg iodine per mL and incubated for 3 hours. Total cellular iron content was analysed by a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer at 372 nm. Lipid peroxidation was determined by TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive species) assay. Antioxidants including total thiol content were assessed by Ellman's method, catalase by colorimetric method, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) by nitroblue tetrazolium assay. The cells were stained with DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole), and the cytotoxicity was evaluated by viability assay (MTT assay). The results indicated that iohexol exposure caused a significant increase of the total iron content in Vero cells. A concomitant increase of lipid peroxidation and decrease of total thiol protein levels, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activity were observed along with decreased cell viability in comparison with the controls. Furthermore, these changes were significantly reversed when the cells were pretreated with vitamin D prior to incubation with iohexol. Our findings of this in vitro model of iohexol-induced renotoxicity lend further support to the nephrotoxic potential of iron and underpin the possible clinical utility of vitamin D for the treatment and prevention of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrashekar Annamalai
- 1Renal Research Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632 014 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rohit Seth
- 2Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, 495009 Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Pragasam Viswanathan
- 1Renal Research Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632 014 Tamil Nadu, India
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23
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Donati B, Ferrari A, Ruffini A, Manzotti G, Fragliasso V, Merli F, Zanelli M, Valli R, Luminari S, Ciarrocchi A. Gene expression profile unveils diverse biological effect of serum vitamin D in Hodgkin's and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Hematol Oncol 2020; 39:205-214. [PMID: 33215701 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The primary function of 25(OH)Vitamin D (VitD) is to control calcium; however, recent evidence associated serum VitD deficiency to high aggressiveness and worse outcome in different type of malignancies including lymphomas, and the reasons of such effect are to be defined. In this study, we investigated the association of VitD blood levels with gene expression in a retrospective cohort of 181 lymphomas (104 diffuse large B-cell lymphomas [DLBCLs] and 77 classical Hodgkin's lymphomas [cHLs]) of whom 116 with available gene expression profiles (52 DLBCLs and 64 cHLs, respectively). In DLBCL, VitD deficiency did not cause significant alteration in gene expression suggesting different mechanisms of action including a possible systemic effect or an effect on pharmacokinetics. By contrast, in cHLs, VitD deficiency induced profound changes in the transcriptional program leading to the NF-κB-mediated activation of stress-protective and pro-survival pathways. Coherently, VitD signaling defined by vitamin D Receptor (VDR) expression analysis, resulted highly activated in cHLs but not in DLBCLs. Even if preliminary, these data represent the first evidence of a direct role of VitD in the biology of cHL and suggest a multimodality and disease-specific activity of this vitamin in lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Donati
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Angela Ferrari
- Hematology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Alessia Ruffini
- Gruppo Amici Dell'Ematologia Foundation_GrADE, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Gloria Manzotti
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Valentina Fragliasso
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Francesco Merli
- Hematology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Magda Zanelli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Valli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Stefano Luminari
- Hematology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Alessia Ciarrocchi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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24
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Hype um die Vitamin-D-Substitution: Was bleibt? Internist (Berl) 2020; 61:1196-1203. [PMID: 32970191 PMCID: PMC7581590 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-020-00869-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Der „Hype um Vitamin D“ ist neben der Bedeutung für die Knochengesundheit auch auf die ubiquitäre Präsenz des Vitamin-D-Rezeptors in vielen Organsystemen zurückzuführen. Große Beobachtungsstudien lieferten Hinweise, dass ein Vitamin-D-Mangel Risiken altersassoziierte chronische Erkrankungen, wie Krebs- und kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen, begünstigt. In der vorliegenden Übersicht werden neueste Informationen, einerseits zur Knochengesundheit bei erwachsenen Menschen sowie andererseits zu Krebs- und kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen, anhand der aktuellen Resultate des großen Vitamin D and Omega‑3 Trial (VITAL) eingeordnet.
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25
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Gärtner R. [Update Vitamin D: Supplementation when and why?]. MMW Fortschr Med 2020; 162:68-75. [PMID: 33164193 DOI: 10.1007/s15006-020-4406-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Gärtner
- udwig-Maximilians-Universität, Endokrinologie, Medizinische Klinik IV, Innenstadt, München, Germany.
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26
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Bollen SE, Atherton PJ. Myogenic, genomic and non-genomic influences of the vitamin D axis in skeletal muscle. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 39:48-59. [PMID: 33037688 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite vitamin D-deficiency clinically presenting with myopathy, muscle weakness and atrophy, the mechanisms by which vitamin D exerts its homeostatic effects upon skeletal muscle remain to be fully established. Recent studies have shown that the receptor by which 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25[OH]2 D3 ) exerts its biological actions (ie, the vitamin D receptor, VDR) elicits both genomic and non-genomic effects upon skeletal muscle. The controversy surrounding skeletal muscle VDR mRNA/protein expression in post-natal muscle has been allayed by myriad recent studies, while dynamic expression of VDR throughout myogenesis, and association of higher VDR levels during muscle regeneration/immature muscle cells, suggests a role in myogenesis and perhaps an enrichment of VDR in satellite cells. Accordingly, in vitro studies have demonstrated 1,25(OH)2 D3 is anti-proliferative in myoblasts, yet pro-differentiation in latter stages of myogenesis. These effects involve modulation of gene expression (VDR as a transcriptional co-activator controls ~3% of the genome) and post-genomic intracellular signalling for example, via c-Src and alterations to intramuscular calcium homeostasis and proteostasis. The aim of this review is to consider the biomolecular role for the vitamin D/VDR axis in myogenesis, while also exploring global evidence for genomic and non-genomic mechanisms of action for 1,25(OH)2 D3 /VDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby E Bollen
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Philip J Atherton
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
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27
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Annamalai C, Ganesh RN, Viswanathan P. Ferrotoxicity and its amelioration by endogenous vitamin D in experimental acute kidney injury. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:1474-1489. [PMID: 32741217 PMCID: PMC7553091 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220946271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This work provides in-depth insights on catalytic iron-induced cytotoxicity and the resultant triggering of endogenous vitamin D synthesis in experimental acute kidney injury. Our results reveal significantly elevated levels of catalytic iron culminating in oxidant-mediated renal injury and a concomitant increase in 1,25-dihdyroxyvitamin D3 levels. Also, changes in other iron-related proteins including transferrin, ferritin, and hepcidin were observed both in the serum as well as in their mRNA expression. We consider all these findings vital since no connection between catalytic iron and vitamin D has been established so far. Furthermore, we believe that this work provides new and interesting results, with catalytic iron emerging as an important target in ameliorating renal cellular injury, possibly by timely administration of vitamin D. It also needs to be seen if these observations made in rats could be translated to humans by means of robust clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrashekar Annamalai
- Renal Research Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632 014, India
| | - Rajesh N Ganesh
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry 605 006, India
| | - Pragasam Viswanathan
- Renal Research Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632 014, India
- Pragasam Viswanathan.
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Zwart SR, Smith SM. Vitamin D and COVID-19: Lessons from Spaceflight Analogs. J Nutr 2020; 150:2624-2627. [PMID: 32710111 PMCID: PMC7454737 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Key Words
- ace, angiotensin-converting enzyme
- at1, angiotensin ii type i receptor
- covid-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- ebv, epstein-barr virus
- iom, institute of medicine
- ras, renin-angiotensin system
- sars-cov-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- vzv, varicella-zoster virus
- 1,25(oh)2d, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d
- 25(oh)d, 25-hydroxyvitamin d
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R Zwart
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA,Address correspondence to SRZ (e-mail: )
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29
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Association of Vitamin D Status with Lower Limb Muscle Strength in Professional Basketball Players: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092715. [PMID: 32899479 PMCID: PMC7551193 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency in athletes may play a role in influencing fracture risk and athletic performance. This study aimed to examine the vitamin D status of basketball players and determine its correlation with muscle strength. We included 36 male professional basketball players (mean age, 22.6 ± 3.2 years) categorized by vitamin D status. We examined the muscle strength of knee extension/flexion and ankle dorsiflexion/plantarflexion using an isokinetic dynamometer. Eleven (30.5%), fifteen (41.7%), and ten (27.8%) players had deficient (<20 ng/mL), insufficient (20–32 ng/mL), and sufficient vitamin D levels (>32 ng/mL), respectively. In the dominant side, there were no significant correlations of vitamin D level with knee extension/flexion strength (r = 0.134, p = 0.436; r = −0.017, p = 0.922, respectively), or with plantarflexion/dorsiflexion ankle strength (r = −0.143, p = 0.404; r = 1.109, p = 0.527, respectively). Moreover, the isokinetic lower limb strengths were not significantly different between the three groups in all settings (all p > 0.05). In conclusion, professional basketball players had a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency. Though it may not be associated with muscle strength, maintaining adequate vitamin D levels by micronutrients monitoring, regular dietician consultation, and supplementation is still a critically considerable strategy to enhance young athletes’ health.
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30
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THE VITAMIN D STATUS OF ASIAN ELEPHANTS ( ELEPHAS MAXIMUS) MANAGED IN A NORTHERN TEMPERATE CLIMATE. J Zoo Wildl Med 2020; 51:1-12. [PMID: 32212541 DOI: 10.1638/2019-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge about the normal metabolism and involvement of vitamin D in elephant calcium homeostasis is essential to understanding the possible role of vitamin D in Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) health, as well as to informing accurate diet formulation. This study provides an evaluation of analytes involved in vitamin D metabolism, in conjunction with dietary intake and ultraviolet light (UV) exposure, in Asian elephants managed in a northern temperate climate. Once monthly, for a total of 12 mo, serum from six adult Asian elephants was analyzed for 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25(OH)2D], 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D], parathyroid hormone (PTH), total calcium (Ca), ionized calcium (iCa), phosphorus (P), and magnesium (Mg). The diet was analyzed monthly for vitamin D, Ca, and P. Monthly average vitamin D-weighted UV daily sums were determined to gauge average UV light exposure within the vitamin D action spectrum. No serum or diet parameters were affected by time or season. Average serum 25(OH)D2 was 7.02 ± 0.85 ng/ml. 25(OH)D3 levels were nondetectable in all samples despite supplementation of the diet with recommended levels of vitamin D3, and UV exposure was at sufficient levels for cutaneous vitamin D synthesis for 6 mo of the year. Levels of 24,25(OH)2D averaged 31.7% higher than 25(OH)D, and average 1,25(OH)2D2 was 11.24 ± 1.04 pg/ml. Values for PTH, Ca, iCa, P, and Mg were within expected ranges for Asian elephants. The information gained from this research expands the knowledge base for these analytes, evaluates 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D for the first time, and provides new information regarding vitamin D metabolism and test interpretation in the Asian elephant.
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Annamalai C, Ganesh RN, Viswanathan P. Ferrotoxicity and its amelioration by endogenous vitamin D in experimental acute kidney injury. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1535370220946271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury causes significant morbidity and mortality. This experimental animal study investigated the simultaneous impact of iron and vitamin D on acute kidney injury induced by iohexol, an iodinated, non-ionic monomeric radiocontrast agent in Wistar rats. Out of 36 healthy male Wistar rats, saline was injected into six control rats (group 1) and iohexol into the remaining 30 experimental rats (groups 2 to 6 comprising six rats each). Biochemical, renal histological changes, and gene expression of iron-regulating proteins and 1 α-hydroxylase were analyzed. Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), serum creatinine, urine protein, serum and urine catalytic iron, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and tissue lipid peroxidation were assayed. Rats injected with iohexol showed elevated urinary NGAL (11.94 ± 6.79 ng/mL), serum creatinine (2.92 ± 0.91 mg/dL), and urinary protein levels (11.03 ± 9.68 mg/mg creatinine) together with histological evidence of tubular injury and iron accumulation. Gene expression of iron-regulating proteins and 1 α-hydroxylase was altered. Serum and urine catalytic iron levels were elevated (0.57 ± 0.17; 48.95 ± 29.13 µmol/L) compared to controls (0.49 ± 0.04; 20.7 ± 2.62 µmol/L, P < 0.001). Urine catalytic iron positively correlated with tissue peroxidation (r = 0.469, CI 0.122 to 0.667, P = 0.004) and urinary NGAL (r = 0.788, CI 0.620 to 0.887, P < 0.001). 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (61.58 ± 9.60 ng/mL) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (50.44 ± 19.76 pg/mL) levels increased simultaneously. In a multivariate linear regression analysis, serum iron, urine catalytic iron, and tissue lipid peroxidation independently and positively predicted urinary NGAL, an acute kidney injury biomarker. This study highlights the nephrotoxic potential of catalytic iron besides demonstrating a concurrent induction of vitamin D endogenously for possible renoprotection in acute kidney injury.Impact statementThis work provides in-depth insights on catalytic iron-induced cytotoxicity and the resultant triggering of endogenous vitamin D synthesis in experimental acute kidney injury. Our results reveal significantly elevated levels of catalytic iron culminating in oxidant-mediated renal injury and a concomitant increase in 1,25-dihdyroxyvitamin D3 levels. Also, changes in other iron-related proteins including transferrin, ferritin, and hepcidin were observed both in the serum as well as in their mRNA expression. We consider all these findings vital since no connection between catalytic iron and vitamin D has been established so far. Furthermore, we believe that this work provides new and interesting results, with catalytic iron emerging as an important target in ameliorating renal cellular injury, possibly by timely administration of vitamin D. It also needs to be seen if these observations made in rats could be translated to humans by means of robust clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrashekar Annamalai
- Renal Research Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632 014, India
| | - Rajesh N Ganesh
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry 605 006, India
| | - Pragasam Viswanathan
- Renal Research Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632 014, India
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The relationship between vitamin D deficiency and serum endocan and asymetric dimethylarginine levels, indicators of endothelial dsyfunction. ANADOLU KLINIĞI TIP BILIMLERI DERGISI 2020. [DOI: 10.21673/anadoluklin.626396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Trivedi M, Faridi MMA, Aggarwal A, Madhu SV, Malhotra RK. Oral Vitamin D Supplementation to Mothers During Lactation-Effect of 25(OH)D Concentration on Exclusively Breastfed Infants at 6 Months of Age: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial. Breastfeed Med 2020; 15:237-245. [PMID: 32181677 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2019.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: Exclusively breastfed infants are at risk of vitamin D deficiency. Objective: To find out proportion of exclusively breastfed infants having serum 25(OH)D concentration <11 ng/mL at 6 months of age with or without oral supplementation of vitamin D3 to lactating mothers. Methods: Randomized placebo-controlled study included 132 mothers and infants divided into two groups. Mothers received either vitamin D3 60,000 IU between 24 and 48 hours postpartum and at 6, 10, and 14 weeks amounting to 240,000 IU of vitamin D3 or placebo. Serum 25(OH)D concentration in the mothers was measured at recruitment and that of infants, at birth and 6 months. Infants were evaluated for rickets at 6 months. Findings: Total 114 mother-infant dyads followed. Subjects in both groups were comparable in basic characteristics. At 6 months of age, serum 25(OH)D concentration in infants was 18.93 (5.12) ng/mL in the intervention group and 6.43 (3.76) ng/mL in the control group (mean difference = 12.5; 95% CI = 10.80-14.17; p < 0.001) and vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was corrected in 93.1% and 38% infants, respectively, in the intervention group. There was no change in the vitamin D status of infants in the control group. In 60.3% infants (RR = 0.519; 95% CI = -0.485 to 0.735) of the intervention group 25(OH)D concentration was <20 ng/mL at 6 months of age. Six infants in the control group suffered from biochemical rickets. Radiological rickets developed in one infant in the intervention group and two infants in the control group. Conclusion: Serum 25(OH)D concentration of exclusively breastfed infants rise significantly when mothers are orally supplemented with 240,000 IU of vitamin D3 during lactation in comparison with the infants of unsupplemented mothers with 94.6% and 48.1% reduction in the risk of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency, respectively, at 6 months of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maharshi Trivedi
- Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | | | - Anju Aggarwal
- Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Sri Venkata Madhu
- Department of Endocrinology, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar Malhotra
- Department of Biostatistics, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
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34
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Meyer MB, Pike JW. Mechanistic homeostasis of vitamin D metabolism in the kidney through reciprocal modulation of Cyp27b1 and Cyp24a1 expression. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 196:105500. [PMID: 31629064 PMCID: PMC6954286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyp27b1 and Cyp24a1 are reciprocally regulated in the kidney by the key hormones PTH, FGF23, and 1,25(OH)2D3. Our recent genomic studies in mice identified a complex kidney-specific enhancer module located within the introns of adjacent Mettl1 (M1) and Mettl21b (M21) genes that mediate basal and PTH induction of Cyp27b1 as well as suppression by FGF23 and 1,25(OH)2D3. Gross deletion of these segments in mice has severe consequences on skeletal health, and directly affects Cyp27b1 expression in the kidney. Deletion of both M1 and M21 submodules together fully eliminates basal Cyp27b1 expression in the kidney, leading to a systemic and skeletal phenotype similar to that of the Cyp27b1-KO mouse due to depletion of 1,25(OH)2D3 and high PTH. Cyp24a1 levels in the double KO mouse were low due to compensatory regulation by elevated PTH and reduced FGF23. However, expression of Cyp27b1 and retention of its regulation by inflammation (LPS) in the NRTCs remained unperturbed. Dietary normalization of calcium, phosphate, PTH, and FGF23 rescues this aberrant phenotype and normalizes the skeletal issues. Cyp24a1 is controlled by its own unique enhancers for 1,25(OH)2D3, FGF23, and PTH. We were also able to eliminate these activities in mice. Collectively, the hormone-mediated enhancer regulation of both Cyp27b1 and Cyp24a1 in the kidney is responsible for the circulating levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 in the blood which in turn primarily affects calcium and phosphate regulation. Importantly, we can now manipulate this system with our enhancer deletion animal models to study 1,25(OH)2D3 production in non-renal target cells and tissues not only in disease, where it is known to affect the immune system, but also in healthy individuals. Here we will review our studies that have defined a finely balanced homeostatic control mechanism employed by PTH and FGF23 with catastrophic toxicity protection from 1,25(OH)2D3 in the genomic regulation of vitamin D metabolism and its accompanied control of mineral maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Meyer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - J Wesley Pike
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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Ultraviolet Exposure Scenarios: Balancing Risks of Erythema and Benefits of Cutaneous Vitamin D Synthesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1268:387-405. [PMID: 32918230 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-46227-7_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to sunlight is a major source of vitamin D for most people. Yet public health advice has focused overwhelmingly on avoiding exposure of unprotected skin because of the risks of erythema and skin cancer. Given that there are also health risks associated with low vitamin D status, we explore the possibilities of achieving a range of targets associated with vitamin D and the accompanying erythema risk. We have calculated the exposure required to gain a number of proposed oral-equivalent doses of vitamin D, as functions of latitude, season, skin type and skin area exposed, together with the associated risk of erythema, expressed in minimum erythema doses. The model results show that a recommended daily intake of 400 IU is readily achievable through casual sun exposure in the midday lunch hour, with no risk of erythema, for all latitudes some of the year, and for all the year at some (low) latitudes. We also show that such daily, sub-erythemal doses at lunchtime during the summer months is sufficient to avoid winter-time vitamin D deficiency for the UK all-weather climate, provided that lower arms and legs are exposed in the warmer months. At the higher proposed vitamin D dose of 1000 IU, lunchtime sun exposure is still a viable route to the vitamin but requires the commitment to expose greater areas of skin and is effective for a shorter period of the year. The highest vitamin D requirement considered was 4000 IU per day. For much of the globe and much of the year, this is not achievable in a lunchtime hour and where it is possible large areas of skin must be exposed to prevent erythema. When the only variable considered was skin type, latitudinal and seasonal limits on adequate vitamin D production were more restrictive for skin type 5 than skin type 2.
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Han J, Cheng C, Zhu Z, Lin M, Zhang DX, Wang ZM, Wang S. Vitamin D reduces the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines in rat models of periodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Oral Sci 2019; 61:53-60. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.17-0357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Han
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Nuclear Industry Hospital
| | - Zhao Zhu
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology
| | - Mei Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Dong-Xue Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Zuo-Min Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Songlin Wang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology
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Schlögl M, Chocano-Bedoya P, Dawson-Hughes B, Orav EJ, Freystaetter G, Theiler R, Kressig RW, Egli A, Bischoff-Ferrari HA. Effect of Monthly Vitamin D on Chronic Pain Among Community-Dwelling Seniors: A Randomized, Double-Blind Controlled Trial. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2018; 20:356-361. [PMID: 30401610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE With advancing age, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and musculoskeletal pain increases. However, published data on the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in reducing chronic pain are inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to test the effect of 3 different monthly doses of vitamin D on chronic pain in seniors 70 years and older with a prior fall event. DESIGN 1-year, double-blind randomized clinical trial. SETTING The trial was conducted in Zurich, Switzerland. Participants were 200 community-dwelling men and women 70 years and older with a prior fall. INTERVENTION Three study groups with monthly treatments were randomized to either a low-dose control group of vitamin D (24,000 IU vitamin D3/mo), a high dose of vitamin D3 (60,000 IU vitamin D3/mo), or a combination of calcifediol and vitamin D3 (24,000 IU vitamin D3 plus 300 μg calcifediol/mo). MEASUREMENTS The primary endpoint was the change in the mean number of painful areas using the McGill Pain map over 12 months of follow-up. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, 25-hydroxyvitamin (OH)D3 levels, and pain scores at baseline. A predefined subgroup analysis was performed by baseline 25(OH)D status (<20 vs ≥ 20 ng/mL). RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 78 years, 67.0% (134 of 200) were female, and 58.0% (116 of 200) were vitamin D deficient (<20 ng/mL) at baseline. Over 12 months of follow-up, the changes in the mean number of painful areas did not differ significantly among treatment groups (P = .46). However, there was a significant interaction effect between baseline vitamin levels (<20 vs ≥ 20 ng/mL) and treatment (P = .02). Among those who were vitamin D replete at baseline (n = 84), there was a significant difference between treatment groups over time (P = .04), and only seniors in the 24,000-IU vitamin D3 group had a marginally significant decrease in their total mean pain score (-0.77; 95% CI, -1.56 to 0.01, P = .05), whereas there were no changes in the high-dose groups. Among seniors who were vitamin D deficient at baseline (n = 116), chronic pain did not differ by treatment groups over time (P = .33). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that both starting level of 25(OH)D3 and monthly treatment dose of vitamin D may be important with respect to chronic pain reduction-with the only benefit seen among vitamin D-replete seniors treated with a monthly dose of 24,000 IU vitamin D3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Schlögl
- Department of Geriatrics and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Switzerland; Centre on Aging and Mobility, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Chocano-Bedoya
- Department of Geriatrics and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Switzerland; Centre on Aging and Mobility, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bess Dawson-Hughes
- USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Endel J Orav
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Gregor Freystaetter
- Department of Geriatrics and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Switzerland; Centre on Aging and Mobility, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert Theiler
- Department of Geriatrics and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Switzerland; Centre on Aging and Mobility, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reto W Kressig
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Egli
- Department of Geriatrics and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Switzerland; Centre on Aging and Mobility, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Heike A Bischoff-Ferrari
- Department of Geriatrics and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Switzerland; Centre on Aging and Mobility, University of Zurich, Switzerland; University Clinic for Acute Geriatrics Care, Waid City Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Pfotenhauer KM, Shubrook JH. Vitamin D Deficiency, Its Role in Health and Disease, and Current Supplementation Recommendations. J Osteopath Med 2018; 117:301-305. [PMID: 28459478 DOI: 10.7556/jaoa.2017.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has been identified as a common metabolic/endocrine abnormality. Despite known dietary sources of vitamin D and the role of sunlight in its production, much of the US population may have inadequate levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Deficiency of vitamin D can be caused by a variety of health conditions, but studies on the effects of vitamin D supplements have had mixed results. This evidence-based clinical review discusses what is currently known about vitamin D and what areas need further research to clarify its role in health and disease.
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Webb AR, Kazantzidis A, Kift RC, Farrar MD, Wilkinson J, Rhodes LE. Meeting Vitamin D Requirements in White Caucasians at UK Latitudes: Providing a Choice. Nutrients 2018; 10:E497. [PMID: 29673142 PMCID: PMC5946282 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The body gains vitamin D through both oral intake (diet/supplementation) and synthesis in skin upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Sun exposure is the major source for most people even though sun exposure is complex and limited by climate and culture. We aimed to quantify the sun exposure required to meet vitamin D targets year-round and determine whether this can be safely achieved in a simply defined manner in the UK as an alternative to increasing vitamin D oral intake. Data from observation (sun exposure, diet, and vitamin D status) and UVR intervention studies performed with white Caucasian adults were combined with modeled all-weather UVR climatology. Daily vitamin D effective UVR doses (all-weather) were calculated across the UK based on ten-year climatology for pre-defined lunchtime exposure regimes. Calculations then determined the time necessary to spend outdoors for the body to gain sufficient vitamin D levels for year-round needs without being sunburnt under differing exposure scenarios. Results show that, in specified conditions, white Caucasians across the UK need nine minutes of daily sunlight at lunchtime from March to September for 25(OH)D levels to remain ≥25 nmol/L throughout the winter. This assumes forearms and lower legs are exposed June-August, while in the remaining, cooler months only hands and face need be exposed. Exposing only the hands and face throughout the summer does not meet requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann R Webb
- School of Earth and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Andreas Kazantzidis
- School of Earth and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
- Physics Department, University of Patras, 265 00 Patras, Greece.
| | - Richard C Kift
- School of Earth and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Mark D Farrar
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, and Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M6 8HD, UK.
| | - Jack Wilkinson
- Centre for Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Lesley E Rhodes
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, and Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M6 8HD, UK.
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The Common Mechanisms of Sarcopenia and NAFLD. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6297651. [PMID: 29387723 PMCID: PMC5745668 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6297651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Current studies have shown that sarcopenia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have similar pathophysiological profiles. The cooccurrence of sarcopenia and NAFLD has been observed in elderly patients. The actions of these conditions are linked, and their treatments are similar. Therefore, studies should be conducted on NAFLD-sarcopenia rather than on NAFLD or sarcopenia.
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Yu EA, Huey SL, Peña‐Rosas JP, Mehta S. The effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and non‐communicable diseases among infants and children younger than five years of age. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 2017:CD012875. [PMCID: PMC6486017 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on preventing and treating stunting and non‐communicable diseases among infants and children younger than five years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine A Yu
- Cornell UniversityDivision of Nutritional Sciences316 Savage HallIthacaUSA14853
| | - Samantha L Huey
- Cornell UniversityDivision of Nutritional Sciences316 Savage HallIthacaUSA14853
| | - Juan Pablo Peña‐Rosas
- World Health OrganizationEvidence and Programme Guidance, Department of Nutrition for Health and Development20 Avenue AppiaGenevaSwitzerland1211
| | - Saurabh Mehta
- Cornell UniversityDivision of Nutritional Sciences316 Savage HallIthacaUSA14853
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Janik S, Nowak U, Łaszkiewicz A, Satyr A, Majkowski M, Marchwicka A, Śnieżewski Ł, Berkowska K, Gabryś M, Cebrat M, Marcinkowska E. Diverse Regulation of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Expression by 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D and ATRA in Murine and Human Blood Cells at Early Stages of Their Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2017. [PMID: 28635660 PMCID: PMC5486144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is present in multiple blood cells, and the hormonal form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) is essential for the proper functioning of the immune system. The role of retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) in hematopoiesis is very important, as the fusion of RARα gene with PML gene initiates acute promyelocytic leukemia where differentiation of the myeloid lineage is blocked, followed by an uncontrolled proliferation of leukemic blasts. RARα takes part in regulation of VDR transcription, and unliganded RARα acts as a transcriptional repressor to VDR gene in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. This is why we decided to examine the effects of the combination of 1,25D and all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) on VDR gene expression in normal human and murine blood cells at various steps of their development. We tested the expression of VDR and regulation of this gene in response to 1,25D or ATRA, as well as transcriptional activities of nuclear receptors VDR and RARs in human and murine blood cells. We discovered that regulation of VDR expression in humans is different from in mice. In human blood cells at early stages of their differentiation ATRA, but not 1,25D, upregulates the expression of VDR. In contrast, in murine blood cells 1,25D, but not ATRA, upregulates the expression of VDR. VDR and RAR receptors are present and transcriptionally active in blood cells of both species, especially at early steps of blood development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Janik
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Department of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Urszula Nowak
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Łaszkiewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Department of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Anastasiia Satyr
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Michał Majkowski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Department of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Marchwicka
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Śnieżewski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Department of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Klaudia Berkowska
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Marian Gabryś
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wrocław Medical University, Chałubińskiego 3, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Cebrat
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Department of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Ewa Marcinkowska
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
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Cianferotti L, Bertoldo F, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Bruyere O, Cooper C, Cutolo M, Kanis JA, Kaufman JM, Reginster JY, Rizzoli R, Brandi ML. Vitamin D supplementation in the prevention and management of major chronic diseases not related to mineral homeostasis in adults: research for evidence and a scientific statement from the European society for clinical and economic aspects of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis (ESCEO). Endocrine 2017; 56:245-261. [PMID: 28390010 PMCID: PMC6776482 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1290-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Optimal vitamin D status promotes skeletal health and is recommended with specific treatment in individuals at high risk for fragility fractures. A growing body of literature has provided indirect and some direct evidence for possible extraskeletal vitamin D-related effects. PURPOSE AND METHODS Members of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis have reviewed the main evidence for possible proven benefits of vitamin D supplementation in adults at risk of or with overt chronic extra-skeletal diseases, providing recommendations and guidelines for future studies in this field. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Robust mechanistic evidence is available from in vitro studies and in vivo animal studies, usually employing cholecalciferol, calcidiol or calcitriol in pharmacologic rather than physiologic doses. Although many cross-sectional and prospective association studies in humans have shown that low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (i.e., <50 nmol/L) are consistently associated with chronic diseases, further strengthened by a dose-response relationship, several meta-analyses of clinical trials have shown contradictory results. Overall, large randomized controlled trials with sufficient doses of vitamin D are missing, and available small to moderate-size trials often included people with baseline levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels >50 nmol/L, did not simultaneously assess multiple outcomes, and did not report overall safety (e.g., falls). Thus, no recommendations can be made to date for the use of vitamin D supplementation in general, parental compounds, or non-hypercalcemic vitamin D analogs in the prevention and treatment of extra-skeletal chronic diseases. Moreover, attainment of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels well above the threshold desired for bone health cannot be recommended based on current evidence, since safety has yet to be confirmed. Finally, the promising findings from mechanistic studies, large cohort studies, and small clinical trials obtained for autoimmune diseases (including type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus), cardiovascular disorders, and overall reduction in mortality require further confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisella Cianferotti
- Bone Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University Hospital of Florence and University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Heike A Bischoff-Ferrari
- Department of Geriatrics and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Bruyere
- Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Liege, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege, 4000, Belgium
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hants, UK
| | - Maurizio Cutolo
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - John A Kanis
- Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
- Institute for Health and Aging, Catholic University of Australia, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jean-Marc Kaufman
- Department of Endocrinology and Unit for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jean-Yves Reginster
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Rene Rizzoli
- Service of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Bone Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University Hospital of Florence and University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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Soares MJ, Pannu PK, Calton EK, Reid CM, Hills AP. Vitamin D status and calcium intake in systemic inflammation, insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome: An update on current evidence. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Braga M, Simmons Z, Norris KC, Ferrini MG, Artaza JN. Vitamin D induces myogenic differentiation in skeletal muscle derived stem cells. Endocr Connect 2017; 6:139-150. [PMID: 28174253 PMCID: PMC5424772 DOI: 10.1530/ec-17-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle wasting is a serious disorder associated with health conditions such as aging, chronic kidney disease and AIDS. Vitamin D is most widely recognized for its regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis in relation to bone development and maintenance. Recently, vitamin D supplementation has been shown to improve muscle performance and reduce the risk of falls in vitamin D deficient older adults. However, little is known of the underlying molecular mechanism(s) or the role it plays in myogenic differentiation. We examined the effect of 1,25-D3 on myogenic cell differentiation in skeletal muscle derived stem cells. Primary cultures of skeletal muscle satellite cells were isolated from the tibialis anterior, soleus and gastrocnemius muscles of 8-week-old C57/BL6 male mice and then treated with 1,25-D3 The efficiency of satellite cells isolation determined by PAX7+ cells was 81%, and they expressed VDR. Incubation of satellite cells with 1,25-D3 induces increased expression of: (i) MYOD, (ii) MYOG, (iii) MYC2, (iv) skeletal muscle fast troponin I and T, (v) MYH1, (vi) IGF1 and 2, (vii) FGF1 and 2, (viii) BMP4, (ix) MMP9 and (x) FST. It also promotes myotube formation and decreases the expression of MSTN. In conclusion, 1,25-D3 promoted a robust myogenic effect on satellite cells responsible for the regeneration of muscle after injury or muscle waste. This study provides a mechanistic justification for vitamin D supplementation in conditions characterized by loss of muscle mass and also in vitamin D deficient older adults with reduced muscle mass and strength, and increased risk of falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Braga
- Department of Internal MedicineCharles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zena Simmons
- Department of Health & Life SciencesCharles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Keith C Norris
- Department of MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Monica G Ferrini
- Department of Internal MedicineCharles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Health & Life SciencesCharles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jorge N Artaza
- Department of Internal MedicineCharles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Health & Life SciencesCharles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Helve O, Viljakainen H, Holmlund-Suila E, Rosendahl J, Hauta-Alus H, Enlund-Cerullo M, Valkama S, Heinonen K, Räikkönen K, Hytinantti T, Mäkitie O, Andersson S. Towards evidence-based vitamin D supplementation in infants: vitamin D intervention in infants (VIDI) - study design and methods of a randomised controlled double-blinded intervention study. BMC Pediatr 2017; 17:91. [PMID: 28356142 PMCID: PMC5372327 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-017-0845-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D is important for bone mass accrual during growth. Additionally, it is considered a requirement for a multitude of processes associated with, for example, the development of immunity. Many countries apply vitamin D supplementation strategies in infants, but the guidelines are not based on scientific evidence and aim at prevention of rickets. It remains unclear whether the recommended doses are sufficient for the wide array of other effects of vitamin D. The VIDI trial performed in Finland is the first large randomised controlled study for evaluation of the effects of different vitamin D supplemental doses in infancy on: 1. bone strength 2. infections and immunity 3. allergy, atopy and asthma 4. cognitive development 5. genetic regulation of mineral homeostasis METHODS/DESIGN: VIDI, a randomised controlled double-blinded single-centre intervention study is conducted in infants from the age of 2 weeks to 24 months. Participants, recruited at Helsinki Maternity Hospital, are randomised to receive daily either 10 μg (400 IU) or 30 μg (1 200 IU) of vitamin D3 supplementation. Both groups are assessed at 6 months of age for calcium homeostasis, and at 12 and 24 months of age for parameters associated with bone strength, growth, developmental milestones, infections, immunity, atopy-related diseases, and genetic factors involved in these functions. DISCUSSION The study enables evaluation of short and long term effects of supplemental vitamin D on growth, immune functions and skeletal and developmental parameters in infants, and the effects of genetic factors therein. The results enable institution of evidence-based guidelines for vitamin D supplementation in infancy. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01723852 , registration date 6.11.2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Helve
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 281, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Heli Viljakainen
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 281, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisa Holmlund-Suila
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 281, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni Rosendahl
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 281, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helena Hauta-Alus
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 281, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Enlund-Cerullo
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 281, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saara Valkama
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 281, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kati Heinonen
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Hytinantti
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 281, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 281, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sture Andersson
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 281, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
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Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Fischer K, Orav EJ, Dawson-Hughes B, Meyer U, Chocano-Bedoya PO, Meyer OW, Ernst R, Schietzel S, Eberli F, Staehelin HB, Freystätter G, Roas S, Theiler R, Egli A, Wilson NM. Statin Use and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Blood Level Response to Vitamin D Treatment of Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2017; 65:1267-1273. [PMID: 28240766 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.14784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether statin use alters response of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level to vitamin D treatment. DESIGN Pooled analysis. SETTING Three double-blind randomized controlled trials that tested different doses of vitamin D. PARTICIPANTS Participants of three trials (N = 646; mean age 76.3 ± 8.4, 65% female). MEASUREMENTS In all three trials, 25(OH)D status and statin use were assessed repeatedly over time (baseline, 6 and 12 months). Repeated-measures analysis was used to compare 25(OH)D response to vitamin D treatment at baseline and 6 and 12 months of statin users and nonusers, controlling for age, sex, body mass index, Charlson Comorbidity Index, vitamin D dose, trial, and season. RESULTS At baseline, 17.5% were statin users, and 65% were vitamin D deficient (25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL). Baseline 25(OH)D levels did not differ significantly between groups at baseline (18.8 for statin users, 17.2 ng/mL for nonusers, P = .07), but according to the longitudinal analyses, the total increase over 12 months in 25(OH)D concentration was significantly lower in statin users (13.1 ng/L) than nonusers (15.9 ng/mL; 21.4% difference; P = .009). CONCLUSION Of persons aged 60 and older at high risk of vitamin D deficiency, statin users had a 21.4% smaller increase in 25(OH)D serum concentrations over time than nonusers, independent of vitamin D dose and other covariates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike A Bischoff-Ferrari
- Department of Geriatrics and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Centre on Aging and Mobility, University of Zurich and City Hospital Waid, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karina Fischer
- Department of Geriatrics and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Centre on Aging and Mobility, University of Zurich and City Hospital Waid, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Endel J Orav
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bess Dawson-Hughes
- U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ursina Meyer
- Department of Geriatrics and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Centre on Aging and Mobility, University of Zurich and City Hospital Waid, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patricia O Chocano-Bedoya
- Department of Geriatrics and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Centre on Aging and Mobility, University of Zurich and City Hospital Waid, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Otto W Meyer
- Department of Geriatrics and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Centre on Aging and Mobility, University of Zurich and City Hospital Waid, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rahel Ernst
- Department of Geriatrics and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Centre on Aging and Mobility, University of Zurich and City Hospital Waid, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simeon Schietzel
- Department of Geriatrics and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Centre on Aging and Mobility, University of Zurich and City Hospital Waid, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franz Eberli
- Department of Cardiology, Triemli City Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Gregor Freystätter
- Department of Geriatrics and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Centre on Aging and Mobility, University of Zurich and City Hospital Waid, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Roas
- Department of Geriatrics and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert Theiler
- Department of Geriatrics and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Centre on Aging and Mobility, University of Zurich and City Hospital Waid, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Egli
- Department of Geriatrics and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Centre on Aging and Mobility, University of Zurich and City Hospital Waid, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas M Wilson
- Department of Geriatrics and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Centre on Aging and Mobility, University of Zurich and City Hospital Waid, Zurich, Switzerland
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Pike JW, Meyer MB, Lee SM, Onal M, Benkusky NA. The vitamin D receptor: contemporary genomic approaches reveal new basic and translational insights. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:1146-1154. [PMID: 28240603 DOI: 10.1172/jci88887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is the single known regulatory mediator of hormonal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] in higher vertebrates. It acts in the nucleus of vitamin D target cells to regulate the expression of genes whose products control diverse, cell type-specific biological functions that include mineral homeostasis. In this Review we describe progress that has been made in defining new cellular sites of action of this receptor, the mechanisms through which this mediator controls the expression of genes, the biology that ensues, and the translational impact of this receptor on human health and disease. We conclude with a brief discussion of what comes next in understanding vitamin D biology and the mechanisms that underlie its actions.
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Christakos S, Veldurthy V, Patel N, Wei R. Intestinal Regulation of Calcium: Vitamin D and Bone Physiology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1033:3-12. [PMID: 29101648 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-66653-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The principal function of vitamin D in the maintenance of calcium homeostasis is to increase intestinal calcium absorption. This conclusion was made from studies in vitamin D receptor (VDR) null mice which showed that rickets and osteomalacia were prevented when VDR null mice were fed a rescue diet that included high calcium, indicating that the skeletal abnormalities of the VDR null mice are primarily the result of impaired intestinal calcium absorption. Although vitamin D is critical for controlling intestinal calcium absorption, the mechanisms involved have remained incomplete. This chapter reviews studies, including studies in genetically modified mice, that have provided new insight and have challenged the traditional model of VDR-mediated calcium absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Christakos
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
| | - Vaishali Veldurthy
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Nishant Patel
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Ran Wei
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
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Abbas MA. Physiological functions of Vitamin D in adipose tissue. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 165:369-381. [PMID: 27520301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue has long been identified as the major site of vitamin D storage. Recent studies have demonstrated that VDR and vitamin D metabolizing enzymes are expressed in adipocytes. Furthermore, it has been shown that vitamin D regulates adipogenic gene expression as well as adipocyte apoptosis. Vitamin D is active in adipocytes at all levels. It interacts with membrane receptors, adaptor molecules, and nuclear coregulator proteins. Several functions of unliganded nVDR were discovered by studying human samples from patients having hereditary vitamin D resistant rickets, transgenic mice overexpressing the VDR and VDR knockout mice. Through its genomic action, vitamin D participates in the regulation of energy metabolism by controlling the expression of uncoupling proteins. In vitro, vitamin D stimulates lipogenesis and inhibits lipolysis by interacting with mVDR. mVDR is present in caveolae of the plasma membrane and is the same as the classic nVDR. In addition, vitamin D affects directly the expression of the appetite regulating hormone, leptin. Some researchers reported also that vitamin D regulates the expression of the insulin sensitizing hormone, adiponectin. Vitamin D reduced cytokine release and adipose tissue inflammation through the inhibition of NF-κB signaling. Scientific research investigating the role of adipose tissue resident immune cells in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated inflammation is scarce. Obesity is associated with vitamin D deficiency. However there is no scientific evidence to prove that vitamin D deficiency predispose to obesity. Vitamin D supplementation may prevent obesity but it does not lead to weight loss in obese subjects.
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