1
|
Leis HJ, Windischhofer W. Phospholipase D1 activity is crucial for cytosolic phospholipase A 2 -dependent prostaglandin E 2 formation in murine osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2023; 198-199:102592. [PMID: 37951067 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
In bone, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is highly osteogenic and formed by osteoblasts, a key modulatory event in the regulation of bone cell activity. MC3T3-E1 cells are widely used as an in vitro model of osteoblast function. It is still not clear which pathways contribute to the release of AA in these cells. In this study we have focussed on the contribution of phospholipase D (PLD) enzymes to osteoblastic PGE2 formation after stimulation with endothelin-1 (ET-1). Using specific inhibitors of PLD1 and PLD2 we could show that PGE2 formation was strictly dependent on PLD1 but not PLD2 activity and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) was activated by triggering through PLD1. We have identified diacyl glycerol (DAG) as a possible effector molecule which may serve as a triggering signal for PKC activation and subsequent cPLA2 phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Jörg Leis
- Research Unit of Analytical Mass Spectrometry, Cell Biology and Biochemistry of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, University Hospital of Youth and Adolescence Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 34/2, Graz A-8036, Austria.
| | - Werner Windischhofer
- Research Unit of Analytical Mass Spectrometry, Cell Biology and Biochemistry of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, University Hospital of Youth and Adolescence Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 34/2, Graz A-8036, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Seo MH, Kim DW, Kim YS, Lee SK. Pentoxifylline-induced protein expression change in RAW 264.7 cells as determined by immunoprecipitation-based high performance liquid chromatography. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261797. [PMID: 35333871 PMCID: PMC8956197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although pentoxifylline (PTX) was identified as a competitive non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, its pharmacological effect has not been clearly elucidated. The present study explored the effect of low dose 10 μg/mL PTX (therapeutic dose) compared to high dose 300 μg/mL PTX (experimental dose) in RAW 264.7 cells through immunoprecipitation-based high performance liquid chromatography (IP-HPLC), immunohistochemistry, and western blot. 10 μg/mL PTX increased the expression of proliferation (Ki-67, PCNA, cyclin D2, cdc25A), epigenetic modification (KDM4D, PCAF, HMGB1), protein translation (DOHH, DHPS, eIF5A1), RAS signaling (KRAS, pAKT1/2/3, PI3K), NFkB signaling (NFkB, GADD45, p38), protection (HSP70, SOD1, GSTO1/2), survival (pAKT1/2/3, SP1, sirtuin 6), neuromuscular differentiation (NSEγ, myosin-1a, desmin), osteoblastic differentiation (BMP2, RUNX2, osterix), acute inflammation (TNFα, IL-1, CXCR4), innate immunity (β-defensin 1, lactoferrin, TLR-3, -4), cell-mediated immunity (CD4, CD8, CD80), while decreased the expression of ER stress (eIF2α, eIF2AK3, ATF6α), fibrosis (FGF2, CTGF, collagen 3A1), and chronic inflammation (CD68, MMP-2, -3, COX2) versus the untreated controls. The activation of proliferation by 10 μg/mL PTX was also supported by the increase of cMyc-MAX heterodimer and β-catenin-TCF1 complex in double IP-HPLC. 10 μg/mL PTX enhanced FAS-mediated apoptosis but diminished p53-mediated apoptosis, and downregulated many angiogenesis proteins (angiogenin, VEGF-A, and FLT4), but upregulated HIF1α, VEGFR2, and CMG2 reactively. Whereas, 300 μg/mL PTX consistently decreased proliferation, epigenetic modification, RAS and NFkB signaling, neuromuscular and osteoblastic differentiation, but increased apoptosis, ER stress, and fibrosis compared to 10 μg/mL PTX. These data suggest PTX has different biological effect on RWA 264.7 cells depending on the concentration of 10 μg/mL and 300 μg/mL PTX. The low dose 10 μg/mL PTX enhanced RAS/NFkB signaling, proliferation, differentiation, and inflammation, particularly, it stimulated neuromuscular and osteoblastic differentiation, innate immunity, and cell-mediated immunity, but attenuated ER stress, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and chronic inflammation, while the high dose 300 μg/mL PTX was found to alleviate the 10 μg/mL PTX-induced biological effects, resulted in the suppression of RAS/NFkB signaling, proliferation, neuromuscular and osteoblastic differentiation, and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hyun Seo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Yeon Sook Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health & Medical Sciences, Cheongju University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Suk Keun Lee
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
- Institute of Hydrogen Magnetic Reaction Gene Regulation, Dae Jeon, South Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Leis HJ, Windischhofer W. Potentiation of endothelin-1-induced prostaglandin E2 formation by Ni(2+) and Sr(2+) in murine osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2016; 33:81-6. [PMID: 26653747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cation recognition mechanisms beyond calcium-sensing receptors are still largely unexplored and consequently there is surprisingly little information on linking of this primary event to key metabolic features of different cell systems, such as arachidonic acid metabolism. However, information on the modulatory role of extracellular cations in cellular function is scarce. In this study we have demonstrated, that Ni(2+) and Sr(2+) potentiate endothelin-1 induced prostaglandin E2 formation in the osteoblastic cell line, MC3T3-E1, even in the absence of extracellular calcium. The effect is strictly dependent of receptor-mediated signal transduction processes evoked by endothelin-1 and arachidonate release involves cytosolic phospholipase A2 activity. The ligation sites, at least for Ni(2+) are extracellular. The data suggest a novel activation mechanism for arachidonate release and subsequent prostaglandin formation that does not require calcium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Jörg Leis
- University Hospital of Youth and Adolescence Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Research Unit of Analytical Mass Spectrometry, Cell Biology and Biochemistry of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Auenbruggerplatz 34/2, A-8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Werner Windischhofer
- University Hospital of Youth and Adolescence Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Research Unit of Analytical Mass Spectrometry, Cell Biology and Biochemistry of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Auenbruggerplatz 34/2, A-8036 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sin A, Tang W, Wen CY, Chung SK, Chiu KY. The emerging role of endothelin-1 in the pathogenesis of subchondral bone disturbance and osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:516-24. [PMID: 25463446 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests reconceptualizing osteoarthritis (OA) as an inflammatory disorder. Trauma and obesity, the common risk factors of OA, could trigger the local or systemic inflammatory cytokines cascade. Inflammatory bone loss has been well documented; yet it remains largely unknown about the link between the inflammation and hypertrophic changes of subchondral bone seen in OA, such as osteophytosis and sclerosis. Amid a cohort of inflammatory cytokines, endothelin-1 (ET-1) could stimulate the osteoblast-mediated bone formation in both physiological (postnatal growth of trabecular bone) and pathological conditions (bone metastasis of prostate or breast cancer). Also, ET-1 is known as a mitogen and contributes to fibrosis in various organs, e.g., skin, liver, lung, kidney heart and etc., as a result of inflammatory or metabolic disorders. Subchondral bone sclerosis shared the similarity with fibrosis in terms of the overproduction of collagen type I. We postulated that ET-1 might have a hand in the subchondral bone sclerosis of OA. Meanwhile, ET-1 was also able to stimulate the production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and 13 by articular chondrocytes and synoviocytes, by which it might trigger the enzymatic degradation of articular cartilage. Taken together, ET-1 signaling may play a role in destruction of bone-cartilage unit in the pathogenesis of OA; it warrants further investigations to potentiate ET-1 as a novel diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for rescue of OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Sin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - W Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - C Y Wen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - S K Chung
- Department of Anatomy, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging Center, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - K Y Chiu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kondo A, Tokuda H, Matsushima-Nishiwaki R, Kuroyanagi G, Yamamoto N, Mizutani J, Kozawa O, Otsuka T. Rho-kinase limits BMP-4-stimulated osteocalcin synthesis in osteoblasts: regulation of the p38 MAP kinase pathway. Life Sci 2013; 96:18-25. [PMID: 24368139 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM We previously reported that bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) stimulates the synthesis of osteocalcin via p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells, whereas p44/p42 MAP kinase plays as a negative regulator in the synthesis. In the present study, we investigated whether Rho-kinase is involved in BMP-4-stimulated osteocalcin synthesis in MC3T3-E1 cells. MAIN METHODS The levels of osteocalcin were measured by ELISA. The phosphorylation of each protein kinase was analyzed by Western blotting. The mRNA levels of osteocalcin were determined by real-time RT-PCR. KEY FINDINGS BMP-4 induced the phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase targeting subunit-1 (MYPT-1), a substrate of Rho-kinase. Y27632 or fasudil, specific inhibitors of Rho-kinase, which attenuated the MYPT-1 phosphorylation, significantly amplified the BMP-4-stimulated osteocalcin synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. The osteocalcin mRNA expression levels induced by BMP-4 were enhanced by Y27632 or fasudil. BMP-4-stimulated osteocalcin release was significantly up-regulated in Rho-knocked down cells with Rho A-siRNA. Y27632 or fasudil failed to affect the BMP-4-induced phosphorylation of SMAD1 or p44/p42 MAP kinase. On the other hand, Y27632 or fasudil markedly strengthened the phosphorylation levels of p38 MAP kinase induced by BMP-4. SIGNIFICANCE These results strongly suggest that Rho-kinase negatively regulates BMP-4-stimulated osteocalcin synthesis via the p38 MAP kinase pathway in osteoblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kondo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Tokuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
| | | | - Gen Kuroyanagi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Naohiro Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Jun Mizutani
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Osamu Kozawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Takanobu Otsuka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
CHEN ZHIHENG, TANG YAMEI, YANG ZUOCHENG, LIU SHAOJUN, LIU YONG, LI YAN, HE WEI. Endothelin-1 downregulates Mas receptor expression in human cardiomyocytes. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:871-6. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
7
|
Zhang H, Li Y, Zeng Y, Wu R, Ou J. Endothelin-1 downregulates angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 expression in human bronchial epithelial cells. Pharmacology 2013; 91:297-304. [PMID: 23751363 DOI: 10.1159/000350395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Both endothelin-1 (ET-1) and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) are implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In the present study, we explored the interaction between ET-1 and the RAS by examining the effect of ET-1 on angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) expression and activity in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEpCs). METHODS HBEpCs were treated with ET-1 (1, 10, 20, 40 or 50 nmol/l) for 6, 12, 18, 24 or 30 h with or without the transcription inhibitor actinomycin D, endothelin A (ETA) receptor blocker BQ123, endothelin B receptor blocker BQ788, or different kinase inhibitors. RESULTS ET-1 decreased the ACE2 mRNA level in a dose- and time-dependent manner within 24 h, which led to dose-dependent downregulation of the ACE2 promoter activity, protein level and the cell membrane ACE2 activity. Actinomycin D (1 mg/ml), BQ123 (1 μmol/l), and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) siRNA and inhibitor PD169316 (25 μmol/l) completely abolished the effect of ET-1 on ACE2 expression in HBEpCs. CONCLUSION ET-1 downregulates ACE2 expression and activity at the transcription level in HBEpCs via the ETA receptor by a p38 MAPK-dependent mechanism. This is the first evidence of crosstalk between the ET-1/ETA axis and the RAS in regard to the pathogenesis and progression of COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rho-kinase negatively regulates thyroid hormone-stimulated osteocalcin synthesis in osteoblasts. Biochimie 2013; 95:719-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
9
|
Agas D, Marchetti L, Hurley MM, Sabbieti MG. Prostaglandin F2α: a bone remodeling mediator. J Cell Physiol 2012; 228:25-9. [PMID: 22585670 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) plays multiple roles on bone metabolism by regulating a wide range of signaling pathways. PGF2α, via activation of PKC, stimulates Na-dependent inorganic phosphate (Pi) transport system in osteoblasts; up-regulates interleukin (IL)-6 synthesis; increases vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In addition, PGF2α acts as a strong mitogenic and survival agent on osteoblasts, and these effects are, at least in part, mediated by the binding of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) to the specific receptor FGFR1. The understanding of PGF2α intracellular network, albeit complex to clarify, provides molecular bases useful to identify the players of osteoblast proliferation, apoptosis, and the associated angiogenic processes. Indeed, the molecular mechanism that underline PGF2α-regulated bone metabolism may be a promising platform for the development of novel targeted therapies in the treatment of bone disorders and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Agas
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, University of Camerino, Camerino (MC), Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Windischhofer W, Huber E, Rossmann C, Semlitsch M, Kitz K, Rauh A, Devaney T, Leis HJ, Malle E. LPA-induced suppression of periostin in human osteosarcoma cells is mediated by the LPA(1)/Egr-1 axis. Biochimie 2012; 94:1997-2005. [PMID: 22659570 PMCID: PMC3407874 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a naturally occurring bioactive phospholipid, mediates a multitude of (patho)physiological events including activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). As LPA may induce cellular reponses in human osteosarcoma, the present study aimed at investigating expression of various LPA receptors, LPA-mediated activation of MAPK via G-protein coupling, and expression of early response genes in a cellular model for human osteosarcoma. We show that MG-63 cells express three members of the endothelial differentiation gene (Edg) family of G-protein coupled receptor transcripts (LPA(1-3)) but only two (LPA(4/5)) out of three members of the non-Edg family LPA receptor transcripts. Stimulation of MG-63 cells with LPA or synthetic LPA receptor agonists resulted in p42/44 MAPK phosphorylation via LPA(1)-LPA(3) receptors. Using pharmacological inhibitors, we show that LPA-mediated phosphorylation of p42/44 MAPK by LPA receptor engagement is transmitted by G(αi)-dependent pathways through the Src family of tyrosine kinases. As a consequence, a rapid and transient upregulation of the zinc finger transcription factor early growth response-1 (Egr-1) was observed. Egr-1 expression was strictly mediated via G(αi)/Src/p42/44 MAPK pathway; no involvement of the G(αq/11)/PLC/PKC or the PLD/PI3 kinase/Akt pathways was found. LPA-induced expression of functional Egr-1 in MG-63 cells could be confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. LPA-induced Egr-1 upregulation was accompanied by a time-dependent decrease of periostin (previously called osteoblast-specific factor 2), a cell adhesion protein for pre-osteoblasts. Silencing of LPA(1) and/or Egr-1 in MG-63 cells reversed LPA-mediated suppression of periostin. We here demonstrate a crosslink between Egr-1 and periostin in cancer cells, in particular in human osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Windischhofer
- Medical University of Graz, University Clinic of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Research Unit of Osteological Research and Analytical Mass Spectrometry, Auenbruggerplatz 30, A-8036 Graz, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kato K, Tokuda H, Natsume H, Adachi S, Matsushima-Nishiwaki R, Minamitani C, Mizutani J, Kozawa O, Otsuka T. Rho-kinase regulates prostaglandin D(2)-stimulated heat shock protein 27 induction in osteoblasts. Exp Ther Med 2010; 1:579-583. [PMID: 22993579 DOI: 10.3892/etm_00000091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that prostaglandin D(2) (PGD(2)) stimulates heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) induction through p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, p38 MAP kinase and stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. In addition, we recently showed that PGD(2) activates Rho-kinase, resulting in the regulation of interleukin-6 synthesis via activation of p38 MAP kinase but not p44/p42 MAP kinase in these cells. In the present study, in order to investigate whether Rho-kinase is involved in the PGD(2)-stimulated HSP27 induction in MC3T3-E1 cells, we examined the effects of Rho-kinase inhibitors on HSP27 induction. Y27632 and fasudil, Rho-kinase inhibitors, markedly suppressed the HSP27 induction stimulated by PGD(2) in a dose-dependent manner without affecting levels of HSP70 in the presence of PGD(2). Immunofluorescence microscopy studies also revealed that Y27632 and fasudil markedly suppressed the induction of HSP27. Y27632 and fasudil attenuated the PGD(2)-induced phosphorylation levels of SAPK/JNK. In conclusion, Rho-kinase inhibitors regulate PGD(2)-stimulated HSP27 induction via activation of both SAPK/JNK and p38 MAP kinase in osteoblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kato
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601; ; Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Su Q, Jia RP, Lin J, Xu LW, Wang ZZ, Li WC, Wang SK. Effect of endothelin-1 on cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human hormone refractory prostate cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2010; 1:495-499. [PMID: 22966331 DOI: 10.3892/ol_00000087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the effects and possible mechanisms of recombinant human endothelin (ET)-1 on cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression in human hormone refractory prostate cancer PC3 cells. PC3 cells were treated with 100 nmol/l ET-1 for the indicated times (3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 h) and concentrations (0.1, 1, 10 and 100 nmol/l) for 24 h. Moreover, 100 nmol/l ET-1 was used to treat PC3 cells alone or in combination with endothelin A receptor (ET(A)R) antagonist BQ123 (1 μmol/l), endothelin B receptor (ET(B)R) antagonist BQ788 (1 μmol/l), MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK)-selective inhibitor, PD98059 (10 μmol/l), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) antagonist SB203580 (5 μmol/l) or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antagonist AG1478 (0.1 μmol/l) for 24 h. COX-2 mRNA and protein expression was detected in the PC3 cells by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. ET-1 induced a time- and dose-dependent increase in the mRNA and protein expression of COX-2 in the PC3 cells. BQ123, LY294002, SC203580 and AG1478 prevented the expression of COX-2 in the PC3 cells (P<0.05), while BQ788 did not. ET-1 induced the up-regulation of COX-2 in the PC3 cells. ET(A)R may be involved in the process. Several signaling pathways, including p42/44 MAPK, p38 MAPK and EGFR, are therefore implicated in the regulation of COX-2 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Su
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Natsume H, Tokuda H, Adachi S, Takai S, Matsushima-Nishiwaki R, Kato K, Minamitani C, Niida S, Mizutani J, Kozawa O, Otsuka T. Rho-kinase limits FGF-2-stimulated VEGF release in osteoblasts. Bone 2010; 46:1068-74. [PMID: 20114091 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.01.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Revised: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) stimulates the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) via p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells and that FGF-2-activated p38 MAP kinase negatively regulates the VEGF release in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. In the present study, we investigated whether Rho-kinase is involved in FGF-2-stimulated VEGF release in MC3T3-E1 cells. FGF-2 induced the phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase targeting subunit (MYPT-1), a substrate of Rho-kinase. Y27632, a specific inhibitor of Rho-kinase, which attenuated the MYPT-1 phosphorylation, significantly enhanced the FGF-2-stimulated VEGF release. Fasudil, another Rho-kinase inhibitor, also amplified the VEGF release. FGF-2 significantly stimulated VEGF accumulation and fasudil enhanced FGF-2-stimulated VEGF accumulation also in whole cell lysates. Neither Y27632 nor fasudil affected the phosphorylation levels of p44/p42 MAP kinase or p38 MAP kinase. Y27632 and fasudil markedly strengthened the FGF-2-induced phosphorylation of SAPK/JNK. Y27632 as well as fasudil enhanced FGF-2-stimulated VEGF release and Y27632 enhanced the FGF-2-induced phosphorylation levels of SAPK/JNK also in human osteoblasts. These results strongly suggest that Rho-kinase negatively regulates FGF-2-stimulated VEGF release in osteoblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Natsume
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Involvement of Rho-kinase in prostaglandin E1-stimulated VEGF synthesis through stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2009; 90:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2009.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Revised: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
15
|
Gulhan I, Kebapcilar L, Alacacioglu A, Bilgili S, Kume T, Aytac B, Gunaydin R. Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis may be associated with high endothelin-1. Gynecol Endocrinol 2009; 25:674-8. [PMID: 19526396 DOI: 10.1080/09513590903015429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM We aimed to find out if there was any difference of the endothelin-1 (ET-1) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels between osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic healthy postmenopausal women and whether there were any associations between ET-1 and ADMA levels and bone mineral density (BMD). METHODS A total of 75 healthy postmenopausal women were enrolled in the study. BMD was measured at lumbar spine (LS) and femur neck (FN). Serum ET-1 and ADMA levels were measured by ELISA. In this population, 41 (54%) women had BMD t-scores > or = 2.5 at the LS and/or FN defined as osteoporosis and 34 (46%) of them had normal BMDs (non-osteoporotic group). RESULTS The mean value of ET-1 serum level in patients was 0.42 +/- 0.30, 0.28 +/- 0.12 fmol/ml in osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic groups, respectively (p = 0.018). In non-osteoporotic group, there was an only significant positive correlation was found between BMD (g/cm(2)) and total t-scores at the lumbar region and ET-1 level. In osteoporotic group, no correlation was found between BMD and total t-scores and ET-1 levels. Serum ADMA level was not significantly different between osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic postmenopausal women (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS ET-1 may be a physiologic regulator in non-osteoporotic healthy postmenopausal women. Osteoporotic postmenopausal women had higher ET-1 levels than non-osteoporotic postmenopausal women. ADMA seems not to have effect on bone in postmenopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Gulhan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Izmir Research and Training Hospital, Bozyaka, Izmir 35360, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rho-kinase inhibitors decrease TGF-beta-stimulated VEGF synthesis through stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase in osteoblasts. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 77:196-203. [PMID: 18996357 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Revised: 10/09/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) stimulates the synthesis of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) through p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, p38 MAP kinase and stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. In order to investigate whether Rho-kinase is involved in the TGF-beta-stimulated VEGF synthesis in these cells we examined the effects of Rho-kinase inhibitors on the VEGF synthesis. TGF-beta time-dependently induced the phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase targeting subunit (MYPT-1) which is a well known substrate of Rho-kinase. Y27632 and fasudil, Rho-kinase inhibitors, significantly reduced the TGF-beta-stimulated VEGF synthesis as well as the MYPT-1 phosphorylation. Y27632 and fasudil failed to affect the TGF-beta-induced phosphorylation of p44/p42 MAP kinase, p38 MAP kinase or Smad2. On the contrary, Y27632 as well as fasudil markedly suppressed the TGF-beta-induced phosphorylation of SAPK/JNK. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that Rho-kinase regulates TGF-beta-stimulated VEGF synthesis via SAPK/JNK activation in osteoblasts.
Collapse
|
17
|
Minamitani C, Otsuka T, Takai S, Matsushima-Nishiwaki R, Adachi S, Hanai Y, Mizutani J, Tokuda H, Kozawa O. Involvement of Rho-kinase in prostaglandin F2alpha-stimulated interleukin-6 synthesis via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in osteoblasts. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2008; 291:27-32. [PMID: 18586382 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2008.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2007] [Revised: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)) stimulates interleukin-6 (IL-6), a potent bone resorptive agent, through p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. In the present study, we investigated whether Rho-kinase is implicated in the PGF(2alpha)-stimulated IL-6 synthesis in MC3T3-E1 cells. PGF(2alpha) time-dependently induced the phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase targeting subunit (MYPT-1), a Rho-kinase substrate. Y27632, a specific Rho-kinase inhibitor, significantly reduced the PGF(2alpha)-stimulated IL-6 synthesis as well as the MYPT-1 phosphorylation. Fasudil, another inhibitor of Rho-kinase, suppressed the PGF(2alpha)-stimulated IL-6 synthesis. Y27632 and fasudil failed to affect the PGF(2alpha)-induced phosphorylation of p44/p42 MAP kinase. SB203580 and BIRB0796, potent inhibitors of p38 MAP kinase, suppressed the IL-6 synthesis induced by PGF(2alpha). While SP600125, an inhibitor of stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK), failed to reduce the synthesis. Y27632 as well as fasudil attenuated the PGF(2alpha)-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase. These results strongly suggest that Rho-kinase regulates PGF(2alpha)-stimulated IL-6 synthesis via p38 MAP kinase activation in osteoblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiho Minamitani
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tokuda H, Takai S, Matsushima-Nishiwaki R, Hanai Y, Adachi S, Minamitani C, Mizutani J, Otsuka T, Kozawa O. Function of Rho-kinase in prostaglandin D2-induced interleukin-6 synthesis in osteoblasts. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2008; 79:41-6. [PMID: 18771907 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2008.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Revised: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 07/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) stimulates interleukin-6 (IL-6), a potent bone resorptive agent, in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. In the present study, we investigated whether Rho-kinase is implicated in the PGD2-stimulated IL-6 synthesis in MC3T3-E1 cells. PGD2 time-dependently induced the phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase targeting subunit (MYPT-1), a Rho-kinase substrate. Y27632, a specific Rho-kinase inhibitor, significantly reduced the PGD2-stimulated IL-6 synthesis as well as the MYPT-1 phosphorylation. Fasudil, another inhibitor of Rho-kinase, suppressed the PGD2-stimulated IL-6 synthesis. The PGD2-stimulated IL-6 synthesis was reduced by PD98059, a MEK inhibitor, and SB203580, an inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, but not SP600125, an inhibitor of stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK). However, Y27632 and fasudil failed to affect the PGD2-induced phosphorylation of p44/p42 MAP kinase. On the other hand, Y27632 as well as fasudil markedly attenuated the PGD2-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase. In addition, PGD2 additively induced IL-6 synthesis in combination with endothelin-1 which induces IL-6 synthesis through p38 MAP kinase regulated by Rho-kinase. These results strongly suggest that Rho-kinase regulates PGD2-stimulated IL-6 synthesis via p38 MAP kinase activation in osteoblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Tokuda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital for Geriatric Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 36-3 Gengo, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tokuda H, Hanai Y, Matsushima-Nishiwaki R, Yamauchi J, Doi T, Harada A, Takai S, Kozawa O. Rho-kinase regulates endothelin-1-stimulated IL-6 synthesis via p38 MAP kinase in osteoblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 362:799-804. [PMID: 17825250 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2007] [Accepted: 08/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that endothelin-1 (ET-1) stimulates interleukin-6 (IL-6), a potent bone resorptive agent, through p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and p38 MAP kinase in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of Rho-kinase in the ET-1-stimulated IL-6 synthesis in MC3T3-E1 cells. ET-1 time-dependently induced the phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase targeting subunit (MYPT-1), a Rho-kinase substrate. Y27632, a specific inhibitor of Rho-kinase, significantly suppressed the IL-6 synthesis induced by ET-1 as well as the MYPT-1 phosphorylation. Fasudil, another inhibitor of Rho-kinase, reduced the ET-1-stimulated IL-6 synthesis. Y27632 as well as fasudil attenuated the ET-1-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase but not p44/p42 MAP kinase. These results strongly suggest that Rho-kinase regulates ET-1-stimulated IL-6 synthesis through p38 MAP kinase activation in osteoblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Tokuda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital for Geriatric Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, and Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Qu G, von Schroeder HP. Role of osterix in endothelin-1-induced downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor in osteoblastic cells. Bone 2006; 38:21-9. [PMID: 16126465 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2005.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2004] [Revised: 03/12/2005] [Accepted: 07/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is produced by vascular endothelial cells to play an important role during bone development, remodeling and repair. ET-1 promotes osteoblastic cell proliferation and differentiation, but has the unique effect of downregulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and may thereby control angiogenesis during bone production. Our objectives were to identify the intracellular mechanisms by which ET-1 controls VEGF expression during osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation. ET-1 induced osteoblastic differentiation in rat SBMC-D8 osteoblastic cells, but downregulated expression of VEGF mRNA isoforms (VEGF120, 164 and 188) as demonstrated by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and by use of a luciferase reporter construct containing the promoter region of the VEGF gene. Co-transfection with the endothelin receptor A (ETRA) had the same effect. ET-1 and ETRA both upregulated the transcription factor osterix (Osx). RNA silencing of Osx resulted in an upregulation of VEGF. This study supports the novel inhibitory role for ET-1, via Osx, on VEGF synthesis in osteoblastic cells as a possible mechanism in the temporal and spatial feedback of angiogenesis to bone formation and resorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Qu
- Department of Surgery, University Hand Program, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Muratli HH, Çelebi L, Hapa O, Biçimoğlu A. Comparison of plasma endothelin levels between osteoporotic, osteopenic and normal subjects. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2005; 6:49. [PMID: 16174297 PMCID: PMC1242236 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-6-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2005] [Accepted: 09/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been demonstrated that endothelins (ET) have significant roles in bone remodeling, metabolism and physiopathology of several bone diseases. We aimed to investigate if there was any difference between the plasma ET levels of osteoporotic patients and normals. Methods 86 patients (70 women and 16 men) with a mean age of 62.6 (ranges: 51–90) years were included in this study. Patients were divided into groups of osteoporosis, osteopenia and normal regarding reported T scores of DEXA evaluation according to the suggestions of World Health Organization. According to these criteria 19, 43 and 24 were normal, osteopenic and osteoporotic respectively. Then total plasma level of ET was measured in all patients with monoclonal antibody based sandwich immunoassay (EIA) method. One-way analysis of variance test was used to compare endothelin values between normals, osteopenics and osteoporotics. Results Endothelin total plasma level in patients was a mean of 98.36 ± 63.96, 100.92 ± 47.2 and 99.56 ± 56.6 pg/ml in osteoporotic, osteopenic and normal groups respectively. The difference between groups was not significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion No significant differences in plasma ET levels among three groups of study participants could be detected in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Hilmi Muratli
- 3Orthopaedics and Traumatology Clinic, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Talatpaşa Bulvarı, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Levent Çelebi
- 3Orthopaedics and Traumatology Clinic, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Talatpaşa Bulvarı, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Onur Hapa
- 3Orthopaedics and Traumatology Clinic, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Talatpaşa Bulvarı, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Biçimoğlu
- 3Orthopaedics and Traumatology Clinic, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Talatpaşa Bulvarı, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Spinella F, Rosanò L, Di Castro V, Nicotra MR, Natali PG, Bagnato A. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 expression by targeting the endothelin a receptor in human ovarian carcinoma cells. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 10:4670-9. [PMID: 15269139 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN New therapies against cancer are based on targeting cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Activation of the endothelin A receptor (ET(A)R) by endothelin (ET)-1 is biologically relevant in several malignancies, including ovarian carcinoma. In this tumor, the ET-1/ET(A)R autocrine pathway promotes mitogenesis, apoptosis protection, invasion, and neoangiogenesis. Because COX-1 and COX-2 are involved in ovarian carcinoma progression, we investigated whether ET-1 induced COX-1 and COX-2 expression through the ET(A)R at the mRNA and protein level in HEY and OVCA 433 ovarian carcinoma cell lines by Northern blot, reverse transcription-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry; we also investigated the activity of the COX-2 promoter by luciferase assay and the release of prostaglandin (PG) E(2) by ELISA. RESULTS ET-1 significantly increases the expression of COX-1 and COX-2, COX-2 promoter activity, and PGE(2) production. These effects depend on ET(A)R activation and involve multiple mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, including p42/44 MAPK, p38 MAPK, and transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. COX-2 inhibitors and, in part, COX-1 inhibitor blocked ET-1-induced PGE(2) and vascular endothelial growth factor release, indicating that both enzymes participate in PGE(2) production to a different extent. Moreover, inhibition of human ovarian tumor growth in nude mice after treatment with the potent ET(A)R-selective antagonist ABT-627 is associated with reduced COX-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that impairing COX-1 and COX-2 and their downstream effect by targeting ET(A)R can be therapeutically advantageous in ovarian carcinoma treatment. Pharmacological blockade of the ET(A)R is an attractive strategy to control COX-2 induction, which has been associated with ovarian carcinoma progression and chemoresistance.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Atrasentan
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cyclooxygenase 1
- Cyclooxygenase 2
- Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors
- Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Dinoprostone/biosynthesis
- Endothelin A Receptor Antagonists
- Endothelin-1/pharmacology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Indomethacin/pharmacology
- Isoenzymes/genetics
- Isoenzymes/metabolism
- Luciferases/genetics
- Luciferases/metabolism
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects
- Membrane Proteins
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Nitrobenzenes/pharmacology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/enzymology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/genetics
- Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/metabolism
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Pyrrolidines/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor, Endothelin A/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Transfection
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/biosynthesis
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Spinella
- Laboratories of Molecular Pathology and Ultrastructure and Immunology, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Manacu CA, Martel-Pelletier J, Roy-Beaudry M, Pelletier JP, Fernandes JC, Shipkolye FS, Mitrovic DR, Moldovan F. Endothelin-1 in osteoarthritic chondrocytes triggers nitric oxide production and upregulates collagenase production. Arthritis Res Ther 2005; 7:R324-32. [PMID: 15743480 PMCID: PMC1065327 DOI: 10.1186/ar1489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2004] [Revised: 11/10/2004] [Accepted: 12/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production, MMP-1 production and MMP-13 production was investigated in human osteoarthritis chondrocytes. The cells were isolated from human articular cartilage obtained at surgery and were cultured in the absence or presence of ET-1 with or without inhibitors of protein kinase or LY83583 (an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase and of cGMP). MMP-1, MMP-13 and NO levels were then measured by ELISA and Griess reaction, respectively. Additionally, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and phosphorylated forms of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, p44/42, stress-activated protein kinase/Jun-N-terminal kinase and serine-threonine Akt kinase were determined by western blot. Results show that ET-1 greatly increased MMP-1 and MMP-13 production, iNOS expression and NO release. LY83583 decreased the production of both metalloproteases below basal levels, whereas the inhibitor of p38 kinase, SB202190, suppressed ET-1-stimulated production only. Similarly, the ET-1-induced NO production was partially suppressed by the p38 kinase inhibitor and was completely suppressed by the protein kinase A kinase inhibitor KT5720 and by LY83583, suggesting the involvement of these enzymes in relevant ET-1 signalling pathways. In human osteoarthritis chondrocytes, ET-1 controls the production of MMP-1 and MMP-13. ET-1 also induces NO release via iNOS induction. ET-1 and NO should thus become important target molecules for future therapies aimed at stopping cartilage destruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Johanne Martel-Pelletier
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Hopital Notre-Dame, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Pelletier
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Hopital Notre-Dame, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julio C Fernandes
- Orthopaedics Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, Centre hospitalier Sacre-Coeur, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Florina Moldovan
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Radeff JM, Nagy Z, Stern PH. Rho and Rho kinase are involved in parathyroid hormone-stimulated protein kinase C alpha translocation and IL-6 promoter activity in osteoblastic cells. J Bone Miner Res 2004; 19:1882-91. [PMID: 15476589 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.040806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2003] [Revised: 05/19/2004] [Accepted: 06/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The role of small G-proteins in PTH-stimulated PKC translocation and IL-6 promoter expression in UMR-106 cells was determined. The effects of PTH(1-34) and PTH(3-34) in stimulating PKCalpha translocation and IL-6 were inhibited by agents that interfere with the activity of small G-proteins of the Rho family and with the downstream kinase Rho kinase. INTRODUCTION Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) is a signaling mechanism by which parathyroid hormone (PTH) modulates interleukin-6 (IL-6) in osteoblasts, leading to osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. PKCalpha and PKCbetaI are translocated after treatment with PTH in UMR-106 osteoblastic cells; however, the pathway leading to PKC isozyme translocation is not established. Diacylglycerol (DAG) generation from phospholipase D (PLD) is one pathway of PKC activation, and PTH-mediated PLD activity is dependent on small G-proteins of the Rho family. This study investigated whether Rho proteins modulate the PKCalpha translocation and IL-6 promoter activity stimulated by PTH in UMR-106 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS UMR-106 cells were treated with PTH(1-34) or PTH(3-34). PKC translocation was determined by immunofluorescence, Rho A activation by Rhotekin assay and by translocation assessed by Western blotting in membrane and cytosol fractions, and IL-6 promoter expression by luciferase assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of Rho proteins with Clostridium difficile toxin B or inhibition of Rho prenylation with GGTI attenuated PTH(1-34)- and PTH(3-34)-stimulated translocation of endogenous PKCalpha and IL-6 promoter activity. Expression of a constitutively active RhoA (RhoA63L) mimicked the effect of PTH(1-34) or PTH(3-34) to promote membrane localization of PKCalpha, whereas cells expressing a dominant negative RhoA (RhoA19N) did not respond to PTH(1-34) or PTH(3-34). The Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632 attenuated PTH(1-34)- and PTH(3-34)-stimulated PKCalpha translocation and IL-6 promoter activation. Rho seemed to be acting at a step before production of diacylglycerol (DAG), because the stimulation of PKCalpha translocation by the DAG mimetic phorbol 12,13 dibutyrate (PDBu) was unaffected by C. difficile toxin B or Y27632. These results indicate that Rho proteins are an important component of PTH signaling in osteoblastic cells and provide further demonstration of convergence between PKC and small G-protein signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Radeff
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Veillette CJH, von Schroeder HP. Endothelin-1 down-regulates the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A associated with osteoprogenitor proliferation and differentiation. Bone 2004; 34:288-96. [PMID: 14962807 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2003.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2003] [Revised: 10/08/2003] [Accepted: 10/29/2003] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is implicated in the signaling between vascular endothelial cells (VECs) and osteoblasts during bone development, remodeling and repair. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) also plays an important role in these intercellular interactions. Our objectives were to identify which specific VEGF isoforms were produced during osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation and to determine the effects of ET-1 on VEGF mRNA and protein production by osteoblastic cells. Semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and ELISA were used to evaluate VEGF mRNA isoform expression and protein synthesis at different stages of ET-1-induced osteoblastic differentiation in fetal rat calvaria (FRC) osteoblastic cells. Three VEGF mRNA isoforms were identified corresponding to VEGF(120), VEGF(164) and VEGF(188). Predominant isoforms VEGF(120) and VEGF(164) had a bimodal expression that increased in the early proliferation and late mineralization phases. ET-1 stimulated osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation, but surprisingly, ET-1 down-regulated VEGF mRNA and protein expression and sustained the down-regulation over time in long-term cultures. Time course studies showed that ET-1 inhibited VEGF mRNA expression after incubation for 3 h in 7- and 14-day FRC cell cultures. Similarly, ET-1 inhibited VEGF protein secretion by 5.8- and 2.8-fold in 7- and 14-day FRC cells, respectively. VEGF-A protein secretion was inhibited by ET-1 in a dose-dependent manner with a maximal effect at 10(-7) M. This study supports a novel inhibitory role for ET-1 on VEGF synthesis in osteoblastic cells as a feedback mechanism in the temporal and spatial coupling of angiogenesis to bone formation and resorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J H Veillette
- University Hand Program, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|