1
|
Ardizzone A, Bova V, Casili G, Repici A, Lanza M, Giuffrida R, Colarossi C, Mare M, Cuzzocrea S, Esposito E, Paterniti I. Role of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor in Cancer: Biological Activity, Targeted Therapies, and Prognostic Value. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071002. [PMID: 37048074 PMCID: PMC10093572 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide; thus, it is necessary to find successful strategies. Several growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, FGF2), and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), are involved in the main processes that fuel tumor growth, i.e., cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis, by activating important signaling pathways, including PLC-γ/PI3/Ca2+ signaling, leading to PKC activation. Here, we focused on bFGF, which, when secreted by tumor cells, mediates several signal transductions and plays an influential role in tumor cells and in the development of chemoresistance. The biological mechanism of bFGF is shown by its interaction with its four receptor subtypes: fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 1, FGFR2, FGFR3, and FGFR4. The bFGF–FGFR interaction stimulates tumor cell proliferation and invasion, resulting in an upregulation of pro-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic tumor cell proteins. Considering the involvement of the bFGF/FGFR axis in oncogenesis, preclinical and clinical studies have been conducted to develop new therapeutic strategies, alone and/or in combination, aimed at intervening on the bFGF/FGFR axis. Therefore, this review aimed to comprehensively examine the biological mechanisms underlying bFGF in the tumor microenvironment, the different anticancer therapies currently available that target the FGFRs, and the prognostic value of bFGF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Ardizzone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Valentina Bova
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Casili
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Alberto Repici
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Lanza
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Colarossi
- Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, Via Penninazzo 7, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
| | - Marzia Mare
- Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, Via Penninazzo 7, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-6765208
| | - Irene Paterniti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lin S, Li J, Shao J, Zhang J, He X, Huang D, Dong L, Lin J, Weng W, Cheng K. Anisotropic magneto-mechanical stimulation on collagen coatings to accelerate osteogenesis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 210:112227. [PMID: 34838419 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical stimulation has been considered to be critical to cellular response and tissue regeneration. However, harnessing the direction of mechanical stimulation during osteogenesis still remains a challenge. In this study, we designed a series of novel magnetized collagen coatings (MCCs) (randomly or parallel-oriented collagen fibers) to exert the anisotropic mechanical stimulation using oriented magnetic actuation during osteogenesis. Strikingly, we found the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were significantly up-regulated when the direction of magnetic actuation was parallel to the randomly-oriented collagen coating surface, in contrast to the down-regulated capacity under the perpendicular magnetic actuation. Moreover, further exerting a parallel mechanical stimulation along the parallel-oriented collagen coating, which cells have been oriented by the oriented collagens, were not only able to up-regulate the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs but also promote the new bone formation during osteogenesis in vivo. We also demonstrated the anisotropic magneto-mechanical stimulation for the osteogenic differences might be attributed to the stretching or bending tensile status of collagen fibers controlled by the direction of magnetic actuation, driving the α5β1-dependent integrin signaling cascade. This study therefore got insight of understanding the directional mechanical stimulation on osteogenesis, and also paved a way for sustaining regulation of the biomaterials-host interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suya Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Center of Rehabilitation Biomedical Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Juan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jiaqi Shao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jiamin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Center of Rehabilitation Biomedical Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xuzhao He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Center of Rehabilitation Biomedical Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Donghua Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Lingqing Dong
- The Affiliated Stomatologic Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jun Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Wenjian Weng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Center of Rehabilitation Biomedical Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Kui Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Center of Rehabilitation Biomedical Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cui HS, Joo SY, Cho YS, Park JH, Ro YM, Kim JB, Seo CH. Effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on keratinocytes derived from human hypertrophic scars. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17296. [PMID: 34453089 PMCID: PMC8397706 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96537-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic scars represent a common complication in burn patients. In addition to cosmetic defects, they may cause serious sensory abnormalities such as pain and itching, severe dysfunction depending on the site, and emotional disorders such as anxiety and depression. The present study aimed to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying the use of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in keratinocytes. Keratinocytes derived from hypertrophic scar tissue were cultured and expression of proliferation markers (keratin 5 and 14), activation markers (keratin 6 and 17), differentiation markers (keratin 1, 10, and involucrin), apoptosis factors (Bax, Bcl2, and Caspase 14), and proliferation/differentiation regulators (p21 and p27) was investigated to compared with that of those in keratinocytes derived from normal skin tissue. Scar-derived keratinocytes were treated with extracorporeal shock waves under 1000 impulses at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mJ/mm2. Shock waves altered the molecular pattern of proliferation, activation, differentiation, and apoptosis, as well as proliferation/ differentiation regulators, including Bax, Bcl2, ASK1, p21, p27, and Notch1. In summary, we show that extracorporeal shock wave therapy regulates the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes derived from hypertrophic scar to maintain normal epidermal integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Song Cui
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Burn Institute, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, 07247, Korea
| | - So Young Joo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, 07247, Korea
| | - Yoon Soo Cho
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, 07247, Korea
| | - Ji Heon Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Burn Institute, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, 07247, Korea
| | - Yu Mi Ro
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Burn Institute, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, 07247, Korea
| | - June-Bum Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, 07247, Korea.
| | - Cheong Hoon Seo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, 07247, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Osteocytes as main responders to low-intensity pulsed ultrasound treatment during fracture healing. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10298. [PMID: 33986415 PMCID: PMC8119462 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89672-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound stimulation is a type of mechanical stress, and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) devices have been used clinically to promote fracture healing. However, it remains unclear which skeletal cells, in particular osteocytes or osteoblasts, primarily respond to LIPUS stimulation and how they contribute to fracture healing. To examine this, we utilized medaka, whose bone lacks osteocytes, and zebrafish, whose bone has osteocytes, as in vivo models. Fracture healing was accelerated by ultrasound stimulation in zebrafish, but not in medaka. To examine the molecular events induced by LIPUS stimulation in osteocytes, we performed RNA sequencing of a murine osteocytic cell line exposed to LIPUS. 179 genes reacted to LIPUS stimulation, and functional cluster analysis identified among them several molecular signatures related to immunity, secretion, and transcription. Notably, most of the isolated transcription-related genes were also modulated by LIPUS in vivo in zebrafish. However, expression levels of early growth response protein 1 and 2 (Egr1, 2), JunB, forkhead box Q1 (FoxQ1), and nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) were not altered by LIPUS in medaka, suggesting that these genes are key transcriptional regulators of LIPUS-dependent fracture healing via osteocytes. We therefore show that bone-embedded osteocytes are necessary for LIPUS-induced promotion of fracture healing via transcriptional control of target genes, which presumably activates neighboring cells involved in fracture healing processes.
Collapse
|
5
|
A Protective Strategy to Counteract the Oxidative Stress Induced by Simulated Microgravity on H9C2 Cardiomyocytes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9951113. [PMID: 33986919 PMCID: PMC8079188 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9951113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microgravity affects human cardiovascular function inducing heart rhythm disturbances and even cardiac atrophy. The mechanisms triggered by microgravity and the search for protection strategies are difficult to be investigated in vivo. This study is aimed at investigating the effects induced by simulated microgravity on a cardiomyocyte-like phenotype. The Random Positioning Machine (RPM), set in a CO2 incubator, was used to simulate microgravity, and H9C2 cell line was used as the cardiomyocyte-like model. H9C2 cells were exposed to simulated microgravity up to 96 h, showing a slower cell proliferation rate and lower metabolic activity in comparison to cell grown at earth gravity. In exposed cells, these effects were accompanied by increased levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytosolic Ca2+, and mitochondrial superoxide anion. Protein carbonyls, markers of protein oxidation, were significantly increased after the first 48 h of exposition in the RPM. In these conditions, the presence of an antioxidant, the N-acetylcysteine (NAC), counteracted the effects induced by the simulated microgravity. In conclusion, these data suggest that simulated microgravity triggers a concomitant increase of intracellular ROS and Ca2+ levels and affects cell metabolic activity which in turn could be responsible for the slower proliferative rate. Nevertheless, the very low number of detectable dead cells and, more interestingly, the protective effect of NA, demonstrate that simulated microgravity does not have “an irreversible toxic effect” but, affecting the oxidative balance, results in a transient slowdown of proliferation.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim JM, Jo Y, Jung JW, Park K. A mechanogenetic role for the actomyosin complex in branching morphogenesis of epithelial organs. Development 2021; 148:dev.190785. [PMID: 33658222 DOI: 10.1242/dev.190785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The actomyosin complex plays crucial roles in various life processes by balancing the forces generated by cellular components. In addition to its physical function, the actomyosin complex participates in mechanotransduction. However, the exact role of actomyosin contractility in force transmission and the related transcriptional changes during morphogenesis are not fully understood. Here, we report a mechanogenetic role of the actomyosin complex in branching morphogenesis using an organotypic culture system of mouse embryonic submandibular glands. We dissected the physical factors arranged by characteristic actin structures in developing epithelial buds and identified the spatial distribution of forces that is essential for buckling mechanism to promote the branching process. Moreover, the crucial genes required for the distribution of epithelial progenitor cells were regulated by YAP and TAZ through a mechanotransduction process in epithelial organs. These findings are important for our understanding of the physical processes involved in the development of epithelial organs and provide a theoretical background for developing new approaches for organ regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Man Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - YoungJu Jo
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Won Jung
- Department of Dentistry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungpyo Park
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Koudelková L, Brábek J, Rosel D. Src kinase: Key effector in mechanosignalling. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 131:105908. [PMID: 33359015 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cells have developed a unique set of molecular mechanisms that allows them to probe mechanical properties of the surrounding environment. These systems are based on deformable primary mechanosensors coupled to tension transmitting proteins and enzymes generating biochemical signals. This modular setup enables to transform a mechanical load into more versatile biochemical information. Src kinase appears to be one of the central components of the mechanotransduction network mediating force-induced signalling across multiple cellular contexts. In tight cooperation with primary sensors and the cytoskeleton, Src functions as an effector molecule necessary for transformation of mechanical stimuli into biochemical outputs executing cellular response and adaptation to mechanical cues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Koudelková
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, 12800, Prague, Czech Republic; Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), 25250, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Brábek
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, 12800, Prague, Czech Republic; Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), 25250, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Rosel
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, 12800, Prague, Czech Republic; Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), 25250, Vestec, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xie F, Wen G, Sun W, Jiang K, Chen T, Chen S, Wen J. Mechanical stress promotes angiogenesis through fibroblast exosomes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:346-353. [PMID: 32962863 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical stress can induce multiple functional changes in vascular endothelial cells, including proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Furthermore, human fibroblasts are susceptible to external mechanical stress. In this work, we investigated whether mechanical stress can induce exosome secretion from fibroblasts to modulate angiogenesis. METHODS A CCK-8 cell proliferation assay was used to determine mechanical parameters. Then, exosomes from fibroblasts were isolated and characterized with regard to concentration and markers. We subsequently explored the effect of exosomes on proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Additionally, high-throughput sequencing was used to screen differentially expressed miRNAs in the mechanical stress-induced exosomes. RESULTS A static stretching of 15% significantly enhanced the cell viability of the fibroblasts (p < 0.05) and significantly induced the secretion of exosomes from the fibroblasts, which had a stronger internalization ability. Further experiments demonstrated that the presence of static stretching-induced exosomes significantly increased cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis by regulating the Erk1/2 signaling pathway. Additionally, 12 up-regulated and 12 down-regulated candidate miRNAs were discriminated in the static stretching-induced exosomes. CONCLUSION Our findings conclusively demonstrate that static stretching-derived exosomes from fibroblasts promote angiogenesis through differentially expressed miRNAs, providing novel insights into the molecular mechanism by which mechanical stress influences angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xie
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Wangjing Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Guannan Wen
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Wangjing Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Weidong Sun
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Wangjing Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Kewei Jiang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Wangjing Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Ting Chen
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Wangjing Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Si Chen
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Wangjing Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Jianmin Wen
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Wangjing Hospital, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang Y, Yang C, Ge S, Wang L, Zhang J, Yang P. EphB4/ TNFR2/ERK/MAPK signaling pathway comprises a signaling axis to mediate the positive effect of TNF-α on osteogenic differentiation. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:29. [PMID: 32299362 PMCID: PMC7164363 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-020-00273-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and its receptor TNFR2 are both reported to promote osteogenic differentiation of osteoblast precursor cells. Moreover, low concentrations of TNF-α up-regulate the expression of EphB4. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying TNF-α-induced osteogenic differentiation and the roles of TNFR2 and EphB4 have not been fully elucidated. RESULTS The ALP activity, as well as the mRNA and protein levels of RUNX2, BSP, EphB4 and TNFR2, was significantly elevated in MC3T3-E1 murine osteoblast precursor cells when stimulated with 0.5 ng/ml TNF-α. After TNFR2 was inhibited by gene knockdown with lentivirus-mediated shRNA interference or by a neutralizing antibody against TNFR2, the pro-osteogenic effect of TNF-α was partly reversed, while the up-regulation of EphB4 by TNF-α remained unchanged. With EphB4 forward signaling suppressed by a potent inhibitor of EphB4 auto-phosphorylation, NVP-BHG712, TNF-α-enhanced expressions of TNFR2, BSP and Runx2 were significantly decreased. Further investigation into the signaling pathways revealed that TNF-α significantly increased levels of p-JNK, p-ERK and p-p38. However, only the p-ERK level was significantly inhibited in TNFR2-knockdown cells. In addition, the ERK pathway inhibitor, U0126 (10 μM), significantly reversed the positive effect of TNF-α on the protein levels of RUNX2 and BSP. CONCLUSIONS The EphB4, TNFR2 and ERK/MAPK signaling pathway comprises a signaling axis to mediate the positive effect of TNF-α on osteogenic differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chengzhe Yang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shaohua Ge
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Limei Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong Province, China. .,Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Pishan Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong Province, China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lee E, Kim J, Kang Y, Shin JW. A Platform for Studying of the Three-Dimensional Migration of Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 17:25-31. [PMID: 32002840 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-019-00224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) have the property to return to the bone marrow, which is believed to be critical in situations such as HSPC transplantation. This property plays an important role in the stemness, viability, and proliferation of HSPCs, also. However, most in vitro models so far have not sufficiently simulated the complicate environment. Here, we proposed a three-dimensional experimental platform for the quantitative study of the migration of HSPCs. METHODS After encapsulating osteoblasts (OBs) in alginate beads, we quantified the migration of HSPCs into the beads due to the physical environment using digital image processing. Intermittent hydrostatic pressure (IHP) was used to mimic the mechanical environment of human bone marrow without using any biochemical factors. The expression of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) under IHP was measured. RESULTS The results showed that the presence of OBs in the hydrogel scaffold initiate the movement of HSPCs. Furthermore, the IHP promotes the migration of HSPCs, even without the addition of any biochemical factors, and the results were confirmed by measuring SDF-1 levels. CONCLUSION We believe this suggested three-dimensional experimental platform consisting of a simulated in vivo physical environment and encapsulated OBs should contribute to in vitro migration studies used to investigate the effects of other external factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Yungyeong Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50834, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Woog Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50834, Republic of Korea.
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Institute of Aged Life Redesign, UHARC, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50834, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang HY, Liu Q, Yang HX, Shi LQ, Wang P, Xie MJ, Liu JQ, Xu XJ, Liu XD, Yu SB, Jiao K, Zhang M, Xuan SJ, Xu YF, Zhang X, Liu YF, Zhang J, Wang MQ. Early growth response 1 reduction in peripheral blood involving condylar subchondral bone loss. Oral Dis 2019; 25:1759-1768. [PMID: 31357246 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To detect whether early growth response 1 (EGR1) in peripheral blood leucocytes (PBLs) indicates temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis (OA) lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Egr1 mRNA expression levels in PBLs were detected in eight malocclusion patients without temporomandibular disorder (TMD) signs and 16 malocclusion patients with clinical TMD signs with (eight) or without (eight) imaging signs of TMJ OA. Twelve 6-week-old rats were randomized to a control group and a unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC) group and were sampled at 4 weeks. The Egr1 mRNA expression levels in PBLs and protein expression levels in different orofacial tissues were measured. RESULTS Patients with TMD signs with/without TMJ OA diagnosis showed lower Egr1 mRNA expression levels in PBLs than patients without TMD signs. The lower Egr1 mRNA expression was also found in the PBLs of UAC rats, which were induced to exhibit early histo-morphological signs of TMJ OA lesions. In subchondral bone of UAC rats, EGR1 protein expression was decreased, co-localization of EGR1 with osterix or dentin matrix protein-1 was identified, and the number of EGR1 and osterix double-positive cells was reduced (all p < .05). CONCLUSION Egr1 reduction in PBLs potentially indicates subchondral bone OA lesions at an early stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong-Xu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li-Qiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Radiology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Radiology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mian-Jiao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin-Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shi-Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shi-Jie Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi-Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi-Fan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mei-Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang HY, Liu Q, Liu JQ, Wang J, Yang HX, Xu XJ, Xie MJ, Liu XD, Yu SB, Zhang M, Lu L, Zhang J, Wang MQ. Molecular changes in peripheral blood involving osteoarthritic joint remodelling. J Oral Rehabil 2019; 46:820-827. [PMID: 31046158 PMCID: PMC6851883 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis (OA) remain unknown. The objective was to detect whether molecular biomarkers from peripheral blood leucocytes (PBLs) engage in TMJ OA lesions. Thirty‐four six‐week‐old Sprague Dawley rats were used. The top upregulated gene ontology categories and gene‐fold changes in PBLs were detected by a microarray analysis comparing rats that received 20‐week unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC) treatment with age‐matched controls (n = 4). Twenty weeks of UAC treatment had been reported to induce TMJ OA‐like lesions. The other twenty‐four rats were randomly placed in the UAC and control groups at 12‐ and 20‐week time points (n = 6). The mRNA expression levels of the selected biomarkers derived from the microarray analysis and their protein expression in the alveolar bone and TMJ were detected. The microarray analysis indicated that the three most highly involved genes in PBLs were Egr1, Ephx1 and Il10, which were confirmed by real‐time PCR detection. The increased protein expression levels of the three detected molecules were demonstrated in cartilage and subchondral bone (P < 0.05), and increased levels of EPHX1 were reported in discs (P < 0.05); however, increased levels were not present in the alveolar bone. Immunohistochemistry revealed the increased distribution of EGR1‐positive, EXPH1‐positive and IL10‐positive cells predominantly in the osteochondral interface, with EXPH1 also present in TMJ discs. In conclusion, the increased mRNA expression of Egr1, Ephx1 and Il10 in PBLs may serve as potential biomarkers for developed osteoarthritic lesions relating to osteochondral interface hardness changes induced by dental biomechanical stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease & Shaanxi International Joint Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease & Shaanxi International Joint Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin-Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease & Shaanxi International Joint Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,School of Stomatology, The Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong-Xu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease & Shaanxi International Joint Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease & Shaanxi International Joint Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Mian-Jiao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease & Shaanxi International Joint Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease & Shaanxi International Joint Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shi-Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease & Shaanxi International Joint Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease & Shaanxi International Joint Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease & Shaanxi International Joint Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease & Shaanxi International Joint Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mei-Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease & Shaanxi International Joint Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Choi H, Magyar CE, Nervina JM, Tetradis S. Different duration of parathyroid hormone exposure distinctively regulates primary response genes Nurr1 and RANKL in osteoblasts. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208514. [PMID: 30576321 PMCID: PMC6303058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) exerts dual effects, anabolic or catabolic, on bone when administrated intermittently or continuously, via mechanisms that remain largely unknown. PTH binding to cells induces PTH-responsive genes including primary response genes (PRGs). PRGs are rapidly induced without the need for de novo protein synthesis, thereby playing pivotal roles in directing subsequent molecular responses. In this study, to understand the role of PRGs in mediating osteoblastic cellular responses to PTH, we investigated whether various durations of PTH differentially induce PRGs in primary osteoblasts and MC3T3-E1. Nurr1 and RANKL, PRGs known for their anabolic and catabolic roles in bone metabolism respectively, presented distinctive transient vs. sustained induction kinetics. Corroborating their roles, maximum induction of Nurr1 was sufficiently achieved by brief PTH in as little as 30 minutes and continued beyond that, while maximum induction of RANKL was achieved only by prolonged PTH over 4 hours. Our data suggested distinctive regulatory mechanisms for Nurr1 and RANKL: PKA-mediated chromatin rearrangement for transcriptional regulation of both PRGs and ERK-mediated transcriptional regulation for RANKL but not Nurr1. Lastly, we classified PRGs into two groups based on the induction kinetics: The group that required brief PTH for maximum induction included Nur77, cox-2, and Nurr1, all of which are reported to play roles in bone formation. The other group that required prolonged PTH for maximum induction included IL-6 and RANKL, which play roles in bone resorption. Together, our data suggested the crucial role of PRG groups in mediating differential osteoblastic cellular responses to intermittent vs. continuous PTH. Continued research into the regulatory mechanisms of PKA and ERK for PRGs will help us better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the dual effects of PTH, thereby optimizing the current therapeutic use of PTH for osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Choi
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Clara E. Magyar
- Center for Pathology Research Services, Department of Pathology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jeanne M. Nervina
- College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sotirios Tetradis
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gao K, Wang X, Liu Q, Chen W, Wang G, Zhang D, Liu L. Evaluation of osteoblast differentiation and function when cultured on mesoporous bioactive glass adsorbed with testosterone. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:5222-5232. [PMID: 29240236 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG), a kind of porous materials with great osteoconductive and osteoinductive ability, shows promising application in bone tissue engineering due to its high specific surface area, orderly channel structure, and large pore volume. Here we reported that the proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization were promoted in MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on MBG which adsorbed with testosterone (MBG/T). We found that transcriptional activity of Runx2 which is a critical transcription factor is increased in MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on MBG/T. Intriguingly, we observed that ERK phosphorylation was enhanced in MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on MBG/T. We showed that activated Runx2 in MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on MBG/T is through Erk1/2 phosphorylation. Consistent with this result, we also found that the expression of osteoblastic marker genes were increased. Therefore, we concluded that osteoblast differentiation and mineralization was enhanced after cells cultured on MBG/T through Erk1/2-activated Runx2 pathway. Our findings provided that MBG/T is a potential material in the process of bone repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Gan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Dongyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Long Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen S, Zhu H, Wang G, Xie Z, Wang J, Chen J. Combined use of leptin and mechanical stress has osteogenic effects on ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2018; 27:1757-1766. [PMID: 29909551 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-018-5663-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of leptin/leptin receptor (LepR) combined with mechanical stress on the development of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), which is a disease characterized by ectopic bone formation of the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) and can lead to radiculopathy and myelopathy. METHODS Six human samples of the PLL were analyzed for the expression of leptin and LepR by RT-PCR and western blotting. PLL cells were stimulated with leptin and mechanical stress delivered via a Flexcell tension system, and osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by RT-PCR and western blotting analysis of osteogenic marker expression as well as by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and alizarin red S staining. Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Janus kinase (JAK) 2-signal transducer, activator of transcription (STAT) 3 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt was evaluated by western blotting. RESULTS Samples from the OPLL group had higher LepR mRNA and protein levels and lower leptin levels than those from healthy controls. Exposure to leptin and Flexcell increased the number of ALP-positive cells and calcium nodules in a dose-dependent manner; this effect was accompanied by upregulation of the osteogenic markers osteocalcin, runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and osteopontin. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase, P38 MAPK, JAK2, STAT3, PI3K and Akt signaling, was also activated by the combined effects of leptin and mechanical stress. CONCLUSIONS Leptin and LepR are differentially expressed in OPLL tissues, and the combined use of leptin/LepR and mechanical stress promotes osteogenic differentiation of PLL cells via MAPK, JAK2-STAT3 and PI3K/Akt signaling. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310020, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310020, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gangliang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310020, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziang Xie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310020, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310020, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Costa-Almeida R, Carvalho DTO, Ferreira MJS, Pesqueira T, Monici M, van Loon JJWA, Granja PL, Gomes ME. Continuous Exposure to Simulated Hypergravity-Induced Changes in Proliferation, Morphology, and Gene Expression of Human Tendon Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:858-869. [PMID: 29649412 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Gravity influences physical and biological processes, especially during development and homeostasis of several tissues in the human body. Studies under altered gravity have been receiving great attention toward a better understanding of microgravity-, hypogravity (<1 g)-, or hypergravity (>1 g)-induced alterations. In this work, the influence of simulated hypergravity over human tendon-derived cells (hTDCs) was studied at 5, 10, 15, and 20 g for 4 or 16 h, using a large diameter centrifuge. Main results showed that 16 h of simulated hypergravity limited cell proliferation. Cell area was higher in hTDCs cultured at 5, 10, and 15 g for 16 h, in comparison to 1 g control. Actin filaments were more pronounced in hTDCs cultured at 5 and 10 g for 16 h. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) was mainly expressed in focal adhesion sites upon hypergravity stimulation, in comparison to perinuclear localization in control cells after 16 h; and FAK number/cell increased with increasing g-levels. A tendency toward an upregulation of tenogenic markers was observed; scleraxis (SCX), tenascin C (TNC), collagen type III (COL3A1), and decorin (DCN) were significantly upregulated in hTDCs cultured at 15 g and COL3A1 and DCN were significantly upregulated in hTDCs cultured at 20 g. Overall, simulated hypergravity affected the behavior of hTDCs, with more pronounced effects in the long-term period (16 h) of stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Costa-Almeida
- 1 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho , Guimarães, Portugal .,2 ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Daniel T O Carvalho
- 3 FEUP-Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal .,4 ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal .,5 i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal .,6 INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel J S Ferreira
- 3 FEUP-Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal .,4 ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal .,5 i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal .,6 INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - Tamagno Pesqueira
- 1 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho , Guimarães, Portugal .,2 ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Monica Monici
- 7 ASA Campus Joint Laboratory, ASA Research Division, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence , Florence, Italy
| | - Jack J W A van Loon
- 8 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, VU-University Medical Center , Amsterdam, the Netherlands .,9 ESTEC, TEC-MMG-Lab, European Space Agency (ESA) , Noordwijk, the Netherlands
| | - Pedro L Granja
- 3 FEUP-Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal .,4 ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal .,5 i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal .,6 INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela E Gomes
- 1 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho , Guimarães, Portugal .,2 ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga/Guimarães, Portugal .,10 The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho , Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Serrano JC, Cora-Cruz J, Diffoot-Carlo N, Sundaram PA. Adaptive responses of murine osteoblasts subjected to coupled mechanical stimuli. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 77:250-257. [PMID: 28957700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Restitution of the natural organization and orientation of cells is imperative for the construction of functional tissue scaffolds. While numerous studies have exploited mechanical methods to engineer tissues with the desired cellular architecture, fundamental knowledge is still lacking in understanding the manner in which morphological features can be modulated through coupled mechanical cues. To address this knowledge gap, the adhesion and alignment response of murine osteoblast cells under the synergistic effects of matrix rigidity and cyclic mechanical loading was investigated. This was accomplished by applying cyclic mechanical strain (1% at 0.05Hz) to MC3T3-E1 cells seeded on PDMS substrates of different elastic moduli (1.22, 1.70 and 2.04MPa). Results demonstrate that the overall cell density and expression of inactive vinculin increased on substrates subjected to cyclic stimulus in comparison to substrates under static loading. Conversely, in terms of the adhesion response, osteoblasts exhibited an increased growth of focal adhesion complexes under static substrates. Interestingly, results also elucidate that substrates of a stiffer matrix exposed to cyclic stimulus, had a significantly higher percentage of osteoblasts aligned parallel to the direction of the applied strain, as well as a higher degree of internal order with respect to the strain axis, in comparison to both cells seeded on substrates of lower stiffness under cyclic loading or under static conditions. These findings suggest the role of cyclic mechanical strain coupled with matrix rigidity in eliciting mechanosensitive adaptations in cell functions that allow for the reconstitution of the spatial and orientational assembly of cells in vivo for tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean C Serrano
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00680, USA
| | - Jose Cora-Cruz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00680, USA
| | | | - Paul A Sundaram
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00680, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhu Y, Yang Q, Yang M, Zhan X, Lan F, He J, Gu Z, Wu Y. Protein Corona of Magnetic Hydroxyapatite Scaffold Improves Cell Proliferation via Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway. ACS NANO 2017; 11:3690-3704. [PMID: 28314099 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b08193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The beneficial effect of magnetic scaffolds on the improvement of cell proliferation has been well documented. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms about the magnetic scaffolds stimulating cell proliferation remain largely unknown. Once the scaffold enters into the biological fluids, a protein corona forms and directly influences the biological function of scaffold. This study aimed at investigating the formation of protein coronas on hydroxyapatite (HA) and magnetic hydroxyapatite (MHA) scaffolds in vitro and in vivo, and consequently its effect on regulating cell proliferation. The results demonstrated that magnetic nanoparticles (MNP)-infiltrated HA scaffolds altered the composition of protein coronas and ultimately contributed to increased concentration of proteins related to calcium ions, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), and MAPK/ERK cascades as compared with pristine HA scaffolds. Noticeably, the enriched functional proteins on MHA samples could efficiently activate of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, resulting in promoting MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation, as evidenced by the higher expression levels of the key proteins in the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, including mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases1/2 (MEK1/2) and extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Artificial down-regulation of MEK expression can significantly down-regulate the MAPK/ERK signaling and consequently suppress the cell proliferation on MHA samples. These findings not only provide a critical insight into the molecular mechanism underlying cellular proliferation on magnetic scaffolds, but also have important implications in the design of magnetic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P.R. China
| | - Qi Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P.R. China
| | - Minggang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Zhan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P.R. China
| | - Fang Lan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P.R. China
| | - Jing He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P.R. China
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P.R. China
| | - Yao Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
RhoGTPase stimulation is associated with strontium chloride treatment to counter simulated microgravity-induced changes in multipotent cell commitment. NPJ Microgravity 2017. [PMID: 28649629 PMCID: PMC5460183 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-016-0004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microgravity-related cytoskeletal disorganization is associated with an altered balance between osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis of multipotent cells. Strontium chloride is known to increase osteoblastogenesis and repress adipogenesis, but its effects in microgravity-related conditions have not been established. Our goal was to investigate early events in this process, focusing on RhoGTPases as controllers of cytoskeletal organization leading to stem cell commitment. We cultivated C3H10T1/2 on microspheres using a rotating wall vessel bioreactor (NASA) in order to simulate microgravity-related conditions in adipogenesis and osteoblastogenesis conditions independently. We observed that rotating wall vessel cultures presented increased adipogenesis, while osteoblastogenesis was reduced. Strontium-treated multipotent cells presented a significant repression in adipogenesis (−90 %, p < 0.001 PPARyD8) and an activation of osteoblastogenesis (+95 %, p < 0.001 bone sialoprotein and osteopontin D8), even in gravity altered conditions. We established that concomitant RhoA/Rac1 activations were associated with osteoblastogenesis enhancement and adipogenesis limitation in uncommitted cells. As vascular endothelial growth factor splicing is mechanosensitive and its signaling is central to stem cell commitment, we investigated vascular endothelial growth factor production, isoforms and receptors expressions in our conditions. We observed that vascular endothelial growth factor and receptors expressions were not significantly affected, but we found that presence of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor was associated with RhoA/Rac1 activations, whereas sequestration of vascular endothelial growth factor by cells was associated with RhoA/Rac1 inhibitions. We propose that strontium triggers secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor and the subsequent Rac1 and RhoA activations leading to repression of adipogenesis and osteogenesis stimulation validating strontium as a counter measure for microgravity-induced alteration of cell commitment. A chemical element naturally found for instance in seafood or grains, could counter bone loss from long-term spaceflight. Alain Guignandon and colleagues from the Université de Lyon à St-Etienne in France exposed multipotent embryonic fibroblasts to microgravity conditions similar to those found in space. They found the balance shifted in these stem cells from differentiating to bone-forming cells (osteoblasts) to differentiating to fatty-tissue forming cells (adipocytes). When the cells were treated with strontium, the shift toward osteoblastogenesis was regained. Strontium achieves this by sustaining the activity of two proteins that play a role in bone development but are suppressed in space. Strontium’s effect on the proteins could happen via release of vascular endothelial growth factor, which, under normal gravity conditions, plays a role in committing the cell to differentiation into osteoblasts rather than adipoyctes.
Collapse
|
20
|
Kawarizadeh A, Bourauel C, Götz W, Jäger A. Early Responses of Periodontal Ligament Cells to Mechanical Stimulus in vivo. J Dent Res 2016; 84:902-6. [PMID: 16183788 DOI: 10.1177/154405910508401006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that human periodontal ligament cells undergo osteoblastic differentiation via the ERK pathway under mechanical stress in vitro. This study aimed to verify this principle in vivo. The right upper first molars of 25 anesthetized rats were loaded with constant forces of 0.1 N for up to 8 hrs. The untreated contralateral side served as a control. Paraffin-embedded sections were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2/Cbfa1), and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (pERK1/2). In selected areas under tension, the proportions of Runx2-positive and pERK1/2-positive cells increased within 8 hrs of loading, whereas these proportions in selected areas under pressure were significantly lower than those in control teeth. Moreover, there were no significant changes in the number of PCNA-positive cells. Thus, mechanical stimulus up-regulates Runx2, and this regulation may be achieved via the ERK pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Kawarizadeh
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, D-53111 Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jiang Z, Hua Y. Hydrogen sulfide promotes osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells via p38-MAPK signaling pathway under proper tension stimulation. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 72:8-13. [PMID: 27522508 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), one of endogenous gaseous signalling molecules, can be induced by mechanical force stimulation on human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). Little is known about the mechanism of H2S on the osteogenic differentiation although previous studies have demonstrated that H2S stimulated or inhibited osteoclastic differentiation. The present study was to investigate whether H2S played a regulatory role in osteogenic differentiation of the periodontal tissue remodeling and the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in this process. DESIGN hPDLCs were applied with cycle tension force for 6h, 12h, 24h or 48h to select the optimal time for force application. Then the effects of H2S on hPDLCs osteogenic differentiation were investigated. Signal-regulated kinases p38-MAPK and ERK activities with H2S treatment were measured. Finally, specific MAPK inhibitors SB203580 and U0126 were employed to investigate the involvement of the two kinases in hPDLCs osteogenic differentiation with H2S pre-treatment. RESULTS Tension stimulation promoted mRNA and protein expression of ALP, OCN and Runx2 in hPDLCs. The expression of ALP, OCN and Runx2 increased in a concentration-dependent manner with H2S pre-treatment. Importantly, p38-MAPK and ERK were activated in different ways upon induction by H2S. Furthermore, expression of Runx2, ALP and OCN, the osteogenic regulators, was reversed by SB203580 and U0126. CONCLUSIONS H2S could promote osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs by activating p38-MAPK and ERK signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Jiang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tongji University, 399 Middle Yan Chang Rd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongmei Hua
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tongji University, 399 Middle Yan Chang Rd, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zuo B, Zhu J, Li J, Wang C, Zhao X, Cai G, Li Z, Peng J, Wang P, Shen C, Huang Y, Xu J, Zhang X, Chen X. microRNA-103a functions as a mechanosensitive microRNA to inhibit bone formation through targeting Runx2. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:330-45. [PMID: 25195535 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) play essential roles in regulating osteoblastogenesis and bone formation. However, the role of miRNA in osteoblast mechanotransduction remains to be defined. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether miRNAs regulate mechanical stimulation-triggered osteoblast differentiation and bone formation through modulation of Runx2, the master transcription factor for osteogenesis. We first investigated the role of mechanical loading both in a mouse model and in an osteoblast culture system and the outcomes clearly demonstrated that mechanical stimuli can regulate osteogenesis and bone formation both in vivo and in vitro. Using bioinformatic analyses and subsequent confirmation by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), we found that multiple miRNAs that potentially target Runx2 were responding to in vitro mechanical stimulation, among which miR-103a was fully characterized. miR-103a and its host gene PANK3 were both downregulated during cyclic mechanical stretch (CMS)-induced osteoblast differentiation, whereas Runx2 protein expression was upregulated. Overexpression of miR-103a significantly decreased and inhibition of miR-103a increased Runx2 protein level, suggesting that miR-103a acts as an endogenous attenuator of Runx2 in osteoblasts. Mutation of putative miR-103a binding sites in Runx2 mRNA abolishes miR-103a-mediated repression of the Runx2 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) luciferase reporter activity, suggesting that miR-103a binds to Runx2 3'UTR. Osteoblast marker gene profiling and osteogenic phenotype assays demonstrated that miR-103a negatively correlates with CMS-induced osteogenesis. Further, the perturbation of miR-103a also has a significant effect on osteoblast activity and matrix mineralization. More importantly, we found an inhibitory role of miR-103a in regulating bone formation in hindlimb unloading mice, and pretreatment with antagomir-103a partly rescued the osteoporosis caused by mechanical unloading. Taken together, our data suggest that miR-103a is the first identified mechanosensitive miRNA that regulates osteoblast differentiation by directly targeting Runx2, and therapeutic inhibition of miR-103a may be an efficient anabolic strategy for skeletal disorders caused by pathological mechanical loading.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zuo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen YJ, Shie MY, Hung CJ, Wu BC, Liu SL, Huang TH, Kao CT. Activation of focal adhesion kinase induces extracellular signal-regulated kinase-mediated osteogenesis in tensile force-subjected periodontal ligament fibroblasts but not in osteoblasts. J Bone Miner Metab 2014; 32:671-82. [PMID: 24362490 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-013-0549-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The exact mechanism by which focal adhesion kinase (FAK) translates mechanical signals into osteogenesis differentiation in force-subjected cells has not been elucidated. The responses to different forces differ according to the origin of cells and the type of stress applied. Therefore, the recruitment of osteoclast and osteoblast progenitor cells, and the balanced activation of these cells around and within the periodontal ligament (PDL) are essential for alveolar bone remodeling. Cells within the PDL and MG63 cells were subjected to tensile forces of -100 kPa for different periods of time. At various times during the tensile force application, they were processed for the purpose of analyzing cell viability, cell cycle, and osteogenic protein. The effect of small interfering RNA transfection targeting FAK was also evaluated. Tensile force enhanced a rapid increase in the phosphorylation of FAK and up-regulated osteogenic protein expression in PDL cells, but not in MG63 cells. Transfecting PDL cells with FAK antisense oligonucleotide diminished alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin secretion. These findings suggest that tensile force activates FAK pathways in PDL cells, which down-regulate immune cytokine and up-regulate osteogenic protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jyun Chen
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Grenon SM, Jeanne M, Aguado-Zuniga J, Conte MS, Hughes-Fulford M. Effects of gravitational mechanical unloading in endothelial cells: association between caveolins, inflammation and adhesion molecules. Sci Rep 2014; 3:1494. [PMID: 23511048 PMCID: PMC3603133 DOI: 10.1038/srep01494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces including gravity affect endothelial cell (ECs) function, and have been implicated in vascular disease as well as physiologic changes associated with low gravity environments. The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of gravitational mechanical unloading on ECs phenotype as determined by patterns of gene expression. Human umbilical vascular endothelial cells were exposed to 1-gravity environment or mechanical unloading (MU) for 24 hours, with or without periods of mechanical loading (ML). MU led to a significant decrease in gene expression of several adhesion molecules and pro-inflammatory cytokines. On the contrary, eNOS, Caveolin-1 and -2 expression were significantly increased with MU. There was a decrease in the length and width of the cells with MU. Addition of ML during the MU period was sufficient to reverse the changes triggered by MU. Our results suggest that gravitational loading could dramatically affect vascular endothelial cell function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Marlene Grenon
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mechanical stress stimulates the osteo/odontoblastic differentiation of human stem cells from apical papilla via erk 1/2 and JNK MAPK pathways. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:494378. [PMID: 24826377 PMCID: PMC4009119 DOI: 10.1155/2014/494378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) are a potent candidate for the apexogenesis/apexification due to their multiple differentiation capacity. During the orthodontic treatment of developing teeth, SCAPs in vivo are usually subjected to the cyclic stress induced by compression forces. However, it remains unclear whether mechanical stress can affect the proliferation and differentiation of human SCAPs. RESULTS Human SCAPs were isolated and stimulated by 200 g mechanical stimuli for 30 min and their proliferation and differentiation capacity were evaluated in vitro at different time points. MTT and FCM results demonstrated that cell proliferation was enhanced, while TEM findings showed the morphological and ultrastructural changes in stress-treated SCAPs. ALP activity and mineralization capacity of stress-treated SCAPs were upregulated . In the meantime, higher odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation were found in stress-treated SCAPs by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot, as indicated by the expression of related markers at both mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, the protein expressions of pJNK and pERK MAPK pathways were upregulated. CONCLUSION Together, these findings suggest that mechanical stress is an important factor affecting the proliferation and differentiation of SCAPs via the activation of ERK and JNK signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
26
|
Gravity sensing by cells: mechanisms and theoretical grounds. RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-013-0281-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
27
|
Spyropoulou A, Basdra EK. Mechanotransduction in bone: Intervening in health and disease. World J Exp Med 2013; 3:74-86. [DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v3.i4.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanotransduction has been proven to be one of the most significant variables in bone remodeling and its alterations have been shown to result in a variety of bone diseases. Osteoporosis, Paget’s disease, orthopedic disorders, osteopetrosis as well as hyperparathyroidism and hyperthyroidism all comprise conditions which have been linked with deregulated bone remodeling. Although the significance of mechanotransduction for bone health and disease is unquestionable, the mechanisms behind this important process have not been fully understood. This review will discuss the molecules that have been found to be implicated in mechanotransduction, as well as the mechanisms underlying bone health and disease, emphasizing on what is already known as well as new molecules potentially taking part in conveying mechanical signals from the cell surface towards the nucleus under physiological or pathologic conditions. It will also focus on the model systems currently used in mechanotransduction studies, like osteoblast-like cells as well as three-dimensional constructs and their applications among others. It will also examine the role of mechanostimulatory techniques in preventing and treating bone degenerative diseases and consider their applications in osteoporosis, craniofacial development, skeletal deregulations, fracture treatment, neurologic injuries following stroke or spinal cord injury, dentistry, hearing problems and bone implant integration in the near future.
Collapse
|
28
|
Ito M, Arakawa T, Okayama M, Shitara A, Mizoguchi I, Takuma T. Gravity loading induces adenosine triphosphate release and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases in human periodontal ligament cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 5:266-74. [PMID: 23798356 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AIM The periodontal ligament (PDL) receives mechanical stress (MS) from dental occlusion or orthodontic tooth movement. Mechanical stress is thought to be a trigger for remodeling of the PDL and alveolar bone, although its signaling mechanism is still unclear. So we investigated the effect of MS on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) phosphorylation in PDL cells. METHODS Mechanical stress was applied to human PDL cells as centrifugation-mediated gravity loading. Apyrase, Ca(2+)-free medium and purinergic receptor agonists and antagonists were utilized to analyze the contribution of purinergic receptors to ERK phosphorylation. RESULTS Gravity loading and ATP increased ERK phosphorylation by 5 and 2.5 times, respectively. Gravity loading induced ATP release from PDL cells by tenfold. Apyrase and suramin diminished ERK phosphorylation induced by both gravity loading and ATP. Under Ca(2+)-free conditions the phosphorylation by gravity loading was partially decreased, whereas ATP-induced phosphorylation was unaffected. Receptors P2Y4 and P2Y6 were prominently expressed in the PDL cells. CONCLUSION Gravity loading induced ATP release and ERK phosphorylation in PDL fibroblasts, and ATP signaling via P2Y receptors was partially involved in this phosphorylation, which in turn would enhance gene expression for the remodeling of PDL tissue during orthodontic tooth movement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mai Ito
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
The kinetics of vitamin D₃ in the osteoblastic cell. Bull Math Biol 2013; 75:1612-35. [PMID: 23775045 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-013-9861-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Experimental evidence is presented on the translocation of vitamin D metabolite, 1,25-(OH)₂D₃, from the membrane to the nucleus in osteoblast progenitor cells. A mathematical model permitting traversal of the cytoplasm at either a fixed velocity or by diffusion is formulated in order to determine whether transport along the cytoskeletal tracks is more consistent with the observed spatial-temporal distribution than diffusion, and it is so found. The model includes reactions in the nucleus involving D₃ to form other compounds, such as protegerin, and thus also makes predictions of the concentrations of these compounds in various regions of the cell.
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang P, Wu Y, Dai Q, Fang B, Jiang L. p38-MAPK signaling pathway is not involved in osteogenic differentiation during early response of mesenchymal stem cells to continuous mechanical strain. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 378:19-28. [PMID: 23435958 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1589-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical stimuli play a significant role in the regulation of bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement. However, the correlation between mechanical strain and bone remodeling is still poorly understood. In this study, we used a model of continuous mechanical strain (CMS) on bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to investigate the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and the mechanism of mechano-transduction. A CMS of 10 % at 1 Hz suppressed the proliferation of BMSCs and induced early osteogenic differentiation within 48 h by activating Runx2 and increasing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mRNA expression of osteogenesis-related genes (ALP, collagen type I, and osteopontin). Regarding mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, CMS induced phased phosphorylation of p38 consisting of a rapid induction of p38 MAPK at 10 min and a rapid decay after 1 h. Furthermore, the potent p38 inhibitor SB203580 blocked the induction of p38 MAPK signaling, but had little effect on subsequent osteogenic events. These results demonstrate that mechanical strain may act as a stimulator to induce the differentiation of BMSCs into osteoblasts, which is a vital function for bone formation in orthodontic tooth movement. However, activation of the p38 signaling pathway may not be involved in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Science, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Park JH, Ushida T, Akimoto T. Control of cell differentiation by mechanical stress. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND SPORTS MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.2.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
32
|
DuRaine GD, Athanasiou KA. ERK activation is required for hydrostatic pressure-induced tensile changes in engineered articular cartilage. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 9:368-74. [PMID: 23255524 DOI: 10.1002/term.1678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify ERK 1/2 involvement in the changes in compressive and tensile mechanical properties associated with hydrostatic pressure treatment of self-assembled cartilage constructs. In study 1, ERK 1/2 phosphorylation was detected by immunoblot, following application of hydrostatic pressure (1 h of static 10 MPa) applied at days 10-14 of self-assembly culture. In study 2, ERK 1/2 activation was blocked during hydrostatic pressure application on days 10-14. With pharmacological inhibition of the ERK pathway by the MEK1/ERK inhibitor U0126 during hydrostatic pressure application on days 10-14, the increase in Young's modulus induced by hydrostatic pressure was blocked. Furthermore, this reduction in Young's modulus with U0126 treatment during hydrostatic pressure application corresponded to a decrease in total collagen expression. However, U0126 did not inhibit the increase in aggregate modulus or GAG induced by hydrostatic pressure. These findings demonstrate a link between hydrostatic pressure application, ERK signalling and changes in the biomechanical properties of a tissue-engineered construct.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G D DuRaine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Single-cell force spectroscopy: mechanical insights into the functional impacts of interactions between antigen-presenting cells and T cells. Immunol Res 2012; 53:108-14. [PMID: 22434515 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-012-8290-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Antigen recognition and discrimination by T lymphocyte are essential in initiating appropriate immune responses. The mechanisms underlying exquisite sensitivity and specificity of antigen discrimination are not fully elucidated but involved physical intercellular interactions between T cell and antigen-presenting cell (APC). The specificity of T-cell activation is tightly regulated by T-cell receptor (TCR) recognition of antigenic peptides in complex with major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) glycoproteins on the cell surface of APC. Antigen recognition via TCR/pMHC interactions, together with other co-receptors and co-stimulatory molecules, are spatially organized into the two-dimensional contact zone between T cells and APC, resulting in the formation of an immune synapse (IS). Here, we will review current implementations and applications of a cutting-edge biophysical technique, namely single-cell force spectroscopy (SCFS) that allows us to quantify mechanical forces of IS at APC/T cell-cell contact. The functional impacts of the mechanical strength in regulating T-cell functional activity will be discussed. We will also describe limitations of SCFS techniques, and outline recent investigations focusing on the functional roles of IS as mechanotransducer in regulating T-cell activities.
Collapse
|
34
|
Kim IS, Song YM, Lee B, Hwang SJ. Human mesenchymal stromal cells are mechanosensitive to vibration stimuli. J Dent Res 2012; 91:1135-40. [PMID: 23086742 DOI: 10.1177/0022034512465291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-magnitude high-frequency (LMHF) vibrations have the ability to stimulate bone formation and reduce bone loss. However, the anabolic mechanisms that are mediated by vibration in human bone cells at the cellular level remain unclear. We hypothesized that human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) display direct osteoblastic responses to LMHF vibration signals. Daily exposure to vibrations increased the proliferation of hMSCs, with the highest efficiency occurring at a peak acceleration of 0.3 g and vibrations at 30 to 40 Hz. Specifically, these conditions promoted osteoblast differentiation through an increase in alkaline phosphatase activity and in vitro matrix mineralization. The effect of vibration on the expression of osteogenesis-related factors differed depending on culture method. hMSCs that underwent vibration in a monolayer culture did not exhibit any changes in the expressions of these genes, while cells in three-dimensional culture showed increased expression of type I collagen, osteoprotegerin, or VEGF, and VEGF induction appeared in 2 different hMSC lines. These results are among the first to demonstrate a dose-response effect upon LMHF stimulation, thereby demonstrating that hMSCs are mechanosensitive to LMHF vibration signals such that they could facilitate the osteogenic process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I S Kim
- Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Xu JK, Chen HJ, Li XD, Huang ZL, Xu H, Yang HL, Hu J. Optimal intensity shock wave promotes the adhesion and migration of rat osteoblasts via integrin β1-mediated expression of phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:26200-12. [PMID: 22654119 PMCID: PMC3406705 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.349811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To search for factors promoting bone fracture repair, we investigated the effects of extracorporeal shock wave (ESW) on the adhesion, spreading, and migration of osteoblasts and its specific underlying cellular mechanisms. After a single period of stimulation by 10 kV (500 impulses) of shock wave (SW), the adhesion rate was increased as compared with the vehicle control. The data from both wound healing and transwell tests confirmed an acceleration in the migration of osteoblasts by SW treatment. RT-PCR, flow cytometry, and Western blotting showed that SW rapidly increased the surface expression of α5 and β1 subunit integrins, indicating that integrin β1 acted as an early signal for ESW-induced osteoblast adhesion and migration. It has also been found that a significant elevation occurred in the expression of phosphorylated β-catenin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) at the site of tyrosine 397 in response to SW stimulation after the increasing expression of the integrin β1 molecule. When siRNAs of integrin α5 and β1 subunit were added, the level of FAK phosphorylation elevated by SW declined. Interestingly, the adhesion and migration of osteoblasts were decreased when these siRNA reagents as well as the ERK1/2 signaling pathway inhibitors, U0126 and PD98059, were present. Further studies demonstrated that U0126 could inhibit the downstream integrin-dependent signaling pathways, such as the FAK signaling pathway, whereas it had no influence on the synthesis of integrin β1 molecule. In conclusion, these data suggest that ESW promotes the adhesion and migration of osteoblasts via integrin β1-mediated expression of phosphorylated FAK at the Tyr-397 site; in addition, ERK1/2 are also important for osteoblast adhesion, spreading, migration, and integrin expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-kun Xu
- From the Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Hong-jiang Chen
- From the Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Xue-dong Li
- From the Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Zhong-lian Huang
- From the Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Huan Xu
- From the Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Hai-long Yang
- From the Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Jun Hu
- From the Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 86-754-88905206; Fax: 86-754-88259850; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Effects of fatty acids on endothelial cells: inflammation and monocyte adhesion. J Surg Res 2012; 177:e35-43. [PMID: 22572621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet is known to have an important impact on cardiovascular health. n-3 Fatty acids (FAs), found in high quantity in fish oil, have demonstrated beneficial effects in patients with coronary artery disease. The role of n-6 FAs remains more controversial. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of arachidonic acid (AA), an n-6 FA, and eicosapentanoic acid (EPA), an n-3 FA, on the interaction between monocytes and endothelial cells (ECs). DESIGN We used a cellular model of ECs (EA.hy.926) and monocytes (human leukemic myelomonocytic U937). Confluent ECs were treated with AA or EPA, in the presence of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) or vehicle alone for either 4 or 24h. Adhesion of monocytes to the endothelial monolayer was performed. For gene expression, reverse transcription, followed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, was performed. RESULTS There was a significant increase in adhesion of monocytes to the endothelial monolayer in the presence of n-6 FAs, both in the presence and in the absence of TNF-α at 4 and 24h. The adhesion of monocytes to the endothelial monolayer was decreased with n-3 FAs at 24h. Intercellular adhesion molecule 1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, E-Selectin, Interleukin 6, and TNF-α were significantly increased in ECs treated with n-6 FAs. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that AA increases inflammation and enhances the ability of ECs to bind monocytes in vitro. EPA leads to a decrease in the ability of EA.hy.926 to bind monocytes, although the effect appears more modest. Taken together, these data indicate that the n-6 FA AA could potentiate inflammation and early events of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
|
37
|
Yan YX, Gong YW, Guo Y, Lv Q, Guo C, Zhuang Y, Zhang Y, Li R, Zhang XZ. Mechanical strain regulates osteoblast proliferation through integrin-mediated ERK activation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35709. [PMID: 22539993 PMCID: PMC3335094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical strain plays a critical role in the proliferation, differentiation and maturation of bone cells. As mechanical receptor cells, osteoblasts perceive and respond to stress force, such as those associated with compression, strain and shear stress. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this process remain unclear. Using a four-point bending device, mouse MC3T3-E1 cells was exposed to mechanical tensile strain. Cell proliferation was determined to be most efficient when stimulated once a day by mechanical strain at a frequency of 0.5 Hz and intensities of 2500 µε with once a day, and a periodicity of 1 h/day for 3 days. The applied mechanical strain resulted in the altered expression of 1992 genes, 41 of which are involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Activation of ERK by mechanical strain promoted cell proliferation and inactivation of ERK by PD98059 suppressed proliferation, confirming that ERK plays an important role in the response to mechanical strain. Furthermore, the membrane-associated receptors integrin β1 and integrin β5 were determined to regulate ERK activity and the proliferation of mechanical strain-treated MC3T3-E1 cells in opposite ways. The knockdown of integrin β1 led to the inhibition of ERK activity and cell proliferation, whereas the knockdown of integrin β5 led to the enhancement of both processes. This study proposes a novel mechanism by which mechanical strain regulates bone growth and remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-xian Yan
- Institute of Medical Equipment, Academy of Military Medical Science, Tianjin, China
- Experiment Management Center of Medical College of People's Armed Police Forces, TianJin, China
| | - Yuan-wei Gong
- Institute of Medical Equipment, Academy of Military Medical Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Institute of Medical Equipment, Academy of Military Medical Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Lv
- Experiment Management Center of Medical College of People's Armed Police Forces, TianJin, China
| | - Chun Guo
- Institute of Medical Equipment, Academy of Military Medical Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Experiment Management Center of Medical College of People's Armed Police Forces, TianJin, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Experiment Management Center of Medical College of People's Armed Police Forces, TianJin, China
| | - Ruixin Li
- Institute of Medical Equipment, Academy of Military Medical Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi-zheng Zhang
- Institute of Medical Equipment, Academy of Military Medical Science, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Benign and malignant fibroproliferative disorders (FPDs) include idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, hepatic cirrhosis, myelofibrosis, systemic sclerosis, Dupuytren's contracture, hypertrophic scars, and keloids. They are characterized by excessive connective tissue accumulation and slow but continuous tissue contraction that lead to progressive deterioration in the normal structure and function of affected organs. In recent years, research in diverse fields has increasingly highlighted the potential role of mechanobiology in the molecular mechanisms of fibroproliferation. Mechanobiology, the heart of which is mechanotransduction, is the process whereby cells sense mechanical forces and transduce them, thereby changing the intracellular biochemistry and gene expression. Understanding mechanosignaling may provide new insights into the convergent roles played by interrelated molecules and overlapping signaling pathways during the inflammatory, proliferative, and fibrotic cellular activities that are the hallmarks of fibroproliferation. The main cellular players in FPDs are fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. Consequently, this article discusses integrins and the roles they play in cellular-extracellular matrix interactions. Also described are the signaling pathways that are known to participate in mechanosignaling: these include the transforming growth factor-β/Smad, mitogen-activated protein kinase, RhoA/ROCK, Wnt/β-catenin, and tumor necrosis factor-α/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells pathways. Also outlined is the progress in our understanding of the cellular-extracellular matrix interactions that are associated with fibroproliferative mechanosignaling through matricellular proteins. The tensegrity and tensional homeostasis models are also discussed. A better understanding of the mechanosignaling pathways in the FPD microenvironment will almost certainly lead to the development of novel interventions that can prevent, reduce, or even reverse FPD formation and/or progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Huang
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Asada K, Obata K, Horiguchi K, Takaki M. Age-related changes in afferent responses in sensory neurons to mechanical stimulation of osteoblasts in coculture system. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011; 302:C757-65. [PMID: 22094334 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00362.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone homeostasis is regulated by mechanical stimulation (MS). The sensory mechanism of bone tissue for MS remains unknown in the maintenance of bone homeostasis. We aimed to investigate the sensory mechanism from osteoblasts to sensory neurons in a coculture system by MS of osteoblasts. Primary sensory neurons isolated from dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of neonatal, juvenile, and adult mice and osteoblasts isolated from calvaria of neonatal mice were cocultured for 24 h. The responses in DRG neurons elicited by MS of osteoblasts with a glass micropipette were detected by increases in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) with fluo 3-AM. In all developmental stages mice, [Ca(2+)](i)-increasing responses in osteoblasts were promptly elicited by MS. After a short delay, [Ca(2+)](i)-increasing responses were observed in neurites of DRG neurons. The osteoblastic response to second MS was largely attenuated by a stretch-activated Ca(2+) channel blocker, gadolinium. The increases of [Ca(2+)](i) in DRG neurons were abolished by a P2 receptor antagonist; suramin, a P2X receptor antagonist, pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonate; and an ATP-hydrolyzing enzyme, apyrase. Satellite cells were found around DRG neurons in cocultured cells of only neonatal and juvenile mice. After satellite cells were removed, excessive abnormal responses to MS of osteoblasts were observed in neonatal neurites with unchanged osteoblast responses. The present study indicated that MS of bone tissue elicited afferent P2X receptor-mediated purinergic transmission to sensory neurons in all stages mice. This transmission is modulated by satellite cells, which may have protective actions on sensory neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Asada
- Dept. of Physiology II, Nara Medical Univ., Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Affiliation(s)
- Millie Hughes-Fulford
- Hughes-Fulford Laboratory, Department of Research, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Reumann MK, Strachna O, Yagerman S, Torrecilla D, Kim J, Doty SB, Lukashova L, Boskey AL, Mayer-Kuckuk P. Loss of transcription factor early growth response gene 1 results in impaired endochondral bone repair. Bone 2011; 49:743-52. [PMID: 21726677 PMCID: PMC3169183 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors that play a role in ossification during development are expected to participate in postnatal fracture repair since the endochondral bone formation that occurs in embryos is recapitulated during fracture repair. However, inherent differences exist between bone development and fracture repair, including a sudden disruption of tissue integrity followed by an inflammatory response. This raises the possibility that repair-specific transcription factors participate in bone healing. Here, we assessed the consequence of loss of early growth response gene 1 (EGR-1) on endochondral bone healing because this transcription factor has been shown to modulate repair in vascularized tissues. Model fractures were created in ribs of wild type (wt) and EGR-1(-/-) mice. Differences in tissue morphology and composition between these two animal groups were followed over 28 post fracture days (PFDs). In wt mice, bone healing occurred in healing phases characteristic of endochondral bone repair. A similar healing sequence was observed in EGR-1(-/-) mice but was impaired by alterations. A persistent accumulation of fibrin between the disconnected bones was observed on PFD7 and remained pronounced in the callus on PFD14. Additionally, the PFD14 callus was abnormally enlarged and showed increased deposition of mineralized tissue. Cartilage ossification in the callus was associated with hyper-vascularity and -proliferation. Moreover, cell deposits located in proximity to the callus within skeletal muscle were detected on PFD14. Despite these impairments, repair in EGR-1(-/-) callus advanced on PFD28, suggesting EGR-1 is not essential for healing. Together, this study provides genetic evidence that EGR-1 is a pleiotropic regulator of endochondral fracture repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie K. Reumann
- Bone Cell Biology and Imaging Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York
| | - Olga Strachna
- Bone Cell Biology and Imaging Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York
| | - Sarah Yagerman
- Bone Cell Biology and Imaging Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York
| | - Daniel Torrecilla
- Bone Cell Biology and Imaging Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York
| | - Jihye Kim
- Bone Cell Biology and Imaging Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York
| | - Steven B. Doty
- Analytical Microscopy Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York
| | | | - Adele L. Boskey
- Mineralized Tissue Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York
| | - Philipp Mayer-Kuckuk
- Bone Cell Biology and Imaging Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York
- Corresponding author: Dr. Philipp Mayer-Kuckuk, Caspary Research Building, Rm. 623, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70 Street, New York, NY 10021, USA, Fax:(212) 774 7877,
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hernández-Lemus E, Correa-Rodríguez MD. Non-equilibrium hyperbolic transport in transcriptional regulation. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21558. [PMID: 21754990 PMCID: PMC3130776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work we studied memory and irreversible transport phenomena in a non-equilibrium thermodynamical model for genomic transcriptional regulation. Transcriptional regulation possess an extremely complex phenomenology, and it is, of course, of foremost importance in organismal cell development and in the pathogenesis of complex diseases. A better understanding of the way in which these processes occur is mandatory to optimize the construction of gene regulatory networks, but also to connect these networks with multi-scale phenomena (e.g. metabolism, signalling pathways, etc.) under an integrative Systems Biology-like vision. In this paper we analyzed three simple mechanisms of genetic stimulation: an instant pulse, a periodic biochemical signal and a saturation process with sigmoidal kinetics and from these we derived the system's thermodynamical response, in the form of, for example, anomalous transcriptional bursts.
Collapse
|
43
|
Tsubaki M, Yamazoe Y, Yanae M, Satou T, Itoh T, Kaneko J, Kidera Y, Moriyama K, Nishida S. Blockade of the Ras/MEK/ERK and Ras/PI3K/Akt pathways by statins reduces the expression of bFGF, HGF, and TGF-β as angiogenic factors in mouse osteosarcoma. Cytokine 2011; 54:100-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 12/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
44
|
Wright V, Attia E, Bohnert K, Brown H, Bhargava M, Hannafin JA. Activation of MKK3/6, SAPK, and ATF-2/c-jun in ACL fibroblasts grown in 3 dimension collagen gels in response to application of cyclic strain. J Orthop Res 2011; 29:397-402. [PMID: 20886655 DOI: 10.1002/jor.21244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Signal transduction pathways involved in response to cyclic tensile strain and strain deprivation in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) fibroblasts grown in 3D collagen gels were investigated. Application of cyclic tensile strain resulted in significant activation (phosphorylation) of MKK3/6, SAPK and their downstream target transcription factors, ATF-2 and c-jun, while strain deprivation resulted in a decrease in these kinases and transcription factors. These data suggest that ACL fibroblasts cultured in 3D collagen gels respond to the mechanical environment and provide a useful system for determination of the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of proliferation and matrix turnover by mechanical load.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vonda Wright
- Tissue Engineering, Regeneration, and Repair Program, Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535, E 70th Street, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hughes-Fulford M, Li CF. The role of FGF-2 and BMP-2 in regulation of gene induction, cell proliferation and mineralization. J Orthop Surg Res 2011; 6:8. [PMID: 21306641 PMCID: PMC3044105 DOI: 10.1186/1749-799x-6-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The difficulty in re-growing and mineralizing new bone after severe fracture can result in loss of ambulation or limb. Here we describe the sequential roles of FGF-2 in inducing gene expression, cell growth and BMP-2 in gene expression and mineralization of bone. Materials and methods The regulation of gene expression was determined using real-time RTPCR (qRTPCR) and cell proliferation was measured by thymidine incorporation or fluorescent analysis of DNA content in MC3T3E1 osteoblast-like cells. Photomicroscopy was used to identify newly mineralized tissue and fluorescence was used to quantify mineralization. Results Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) had the greatest ability to induce proliferation after 24 hours of treatment when compared to transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), bone morphogenic protein (BMP-2), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). We found that FGF-2 caused the most significant induction of expression of early growth response-1 (egr-1), fgf-2, cyclo-oxygenase-2 (cox-2), tgfβ and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (mmp-3) associated with proliferation and expression of angiogenic genes like vascular endothelial growth factor A (vegfA) and its receptor vegfr1. We found that FGF-2 significantly reduced gene expression associated with mineralization, e.g. collagen type-1 (col1a1), fibronectin (fn), osteocalcin (oc), IGF-1, noggin, bone morphogenic protein (bmp-2) and alkaline phosphatase (alp). In contrast, BMP-2 significantly stimulated expression of the mineralization associated genes but had little or no effect on gene expression associated with growth. Conclusions The ability of FGF-2 to re-program a mineralizing gene expression profile to one of proliferation suggests that FGF-2 plays a critical role of osteoblast growth in early fracture repair while BMP-2 is instrumental in stimulating mineralization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Millie Hughes-Fulford
- Department of Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Diederichs S, Böhm S, Peterbauer A, Kasper C, Scheper T, van Griensven M. Application of different strain regimes in two-dimensional and three-dimensional adipose tissue-derived stem cell cultures induces osteogenesis: implications for bone tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 94:927-36. [PMID: 20730929 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical strain has become an important tool in tissue engineering for progenitor cell differentiation. Furthermore, it is used to enhance the mechanical properties of engineered tissue constructs. Although strain amplitude and frequency are well investigated and optimal values are known; application of various strain schemes regarding duration and repetition are not described in literature. In this study, we therefore applied singular and repetitive cyclic strain (1 Hz, 5%) of 15 min short-time strain and longer strain durations up to 8 h. Additionally, a gradually increasing strain scheme starting with short-time strain and consecutive elongated strain periods was applied. The cultivation surface was planar silicone on one hand and a three-dimensionally structured collagen I mesh on the other hand. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells and an osteogenic model cell line (MG-63) were exposed to these strain regimes and post-strain cell viability, osteogenic marker gene expression, and matrix mineralization were investigated. Upregulation of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and BMP-2/4 revealed that even short-time strain can enhance osteogenic differentiation. Elongation and repetition of strain, however, resulted in a decline of the observed short-time strain effects, which we interpret as positively induced cellular adaptation to the mechanically active surroundings. With regard to cellular adaptation, the gradually increasing strain scheme was especially advantageous.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solvig Diederichs
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Au AY, Au RY, Demko JL, McLaughlin RM, Eves BE, Frondoza CG. Consil bioactive glass particles enhance osteoblast proliferation and selectively modulate cell signaling pathways in vitro. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 94:380-8. [PMID: 20186728 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Consil Bioglass is a commercially available bioactive glass formulation previously shown in clinical studies to support osteogenesis and the repair of bony defects in dogs and cats. Previous in vitro studies confirm that Consil particles are able to bond directly with bone while promoting osteoblast proliferation and extracellular matrix production. However, the cellular mechanisms mediating their clinical effect remain unclear. This study evaluated whether enhancement of osteoblast proliferation by Consil particles is associated with signal transduction. Consil particles maintained the osteoblast phenotype and enhanced proliferation of canine osteoblasts for up to 21 days in culture. Stimulation of proliferation and maintenance of phenotype expression were accompanied by the modulation of selective cell signaling pathways including integrins, the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and the immediate-early gene c-Jun. These genes have been documented to mediate osteoblast growth and differentiation. The signal transduction occurs in a time-dependent manner in which Consil particles induce a decrease in the pattern of MAPK and c-Jun gene transcription from 4 to 24 h and a subsequent return to control levels by 7 days in culture. Our observations suggest that Consil Bioglass particles may provide cues that enhance cell division necessary for facilitating bone regeneration and the repair of bony defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Y Au
- Nutramax Laboratories, Inc., 2208 Lakeside Boulevard, Edgewood, Maryland 21040, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Toworfe GK, Composto RJ, Lee MH, Ducheyne P. Elastic membrane that undergoes mechanical deformation enhances osteoblast cellular attachment and proliferation. Int J Biomater 2010; 2010:947232. [PMID: 20689620 PMCID: PMC2905937 DOI: 10.1155/2010/947232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this paper was to investigate the effect of transmission of force on bone cells that were attached to a deformable membrane. We functionalized a silastic membrane that measured 0.005 inches thickness and coated it with an extra cellular matrix (ECM) protein, fibronectin (FN). MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells were cultured on the functionalized FN-coated membrane after which cell attachment and proliferation were evaluated. We observed an immediate attachment and proliferation of the bone cells on the functionalized membrane coated with FN, after 24 hours. Upon application of a mechanical force to cells cultured on the functionalized silicone membrane in the form of a dynamic equibiaxial strain, 2% magnitude; at 1-Hz frequency for 2 h, the osteoblast cells elicited slightly elevated phalloidin fluorescence, suggesting that there was reorganization of the cytoskeleton. We concluded from this preliminary data obtained that the engineered surface transduced applied mechanical forces directly to the adherent osteoblast cells via integrin binding tripeptide receptors, present in the FN molecules, resulting in the enhanced cellular attachment and proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G. K. Toworfe
- Center for Bioactive Materials and Tissue Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, SEAS, University of Pennsylvania, 210S 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - R. J. Composto
- Center for Bioactive Materials and Tissue Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, SEAS, University of Pennsylvania, 210S 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, SEAS, University of Pennsylvania, 321 LRSM, Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - M. H. Lee
- Center for Bioactive Materials and Tissue Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, SEAS, University of Pennsylvania, 210S 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - P. Ducheyne
- Center for Bioactive Materials and Tissue Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, SEAS, University of Pennsylvania, 210S 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, SEAS, University of Pennsylvania, 115 Hayden Hall, 210S 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Rego EB, Inubushi T, Kawazoe A, Tanimoto K, Miyauchi M, Tanaka E, Takata T, Tanne K. Ultrasound stimulation induces PGE(2) synthesis promoting cementoblastic differentiation through EP2/EP4 receptor pathway. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2010; 36:907-915. [PMID: 20447753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2010.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Revised: 02/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to provide insights into how ultrasound treatment (US) can affect the regenerative response of cementum by evaluating the role of prostaglandin E(2) induced by ultrasound stimulation on cementoblastic differentiation. The mouse cementoblast cell line OCCM-30 was exposed to low-intensity ultrasound and the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expression and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production were quantified. The role of the US-induced PGE(2) in mineralization was examined using COX-2 inhibitor and prostaglandin receptors (EP-receptors) agonists and antagonists. In addition, gene expression of differentiation markers related to mineral metabolism was evaluated. Ultrasound significantly enhanced COX-2 mRNA expression and PGE(2) production. PGE(2) induced by US mediated mineral nodule formation, whereas COX-2 inhibitor treatment eliminated the enhancement of mineralization induced by US stimulation. Mineral deposition was also inhibited by treatment with EP2 or EP4 antagonist. Moreover, up-regulation of differentiation markers induced by US was suppressed by treatment with COX-2 inhibitor. The present findings provide evidence that US stimulation has a positive effect on mineralization ability of cementoblasts through the activation of EP2/EP4 pathway, suggesting that US can be a promising therapeutic tool for cementum repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Braga Rego
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hammer BE, Kidder LS, Williams PC, Xu WW. Magnetic Levitation of MC3T3 Osteoblast Cells as a Ground-Based Simulation of Microgravity. MICROGRAVITY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2009; 21:311-318. [PMID: 20052306 PMCID: PMC2801443 DOI: 10.1007/s12217-008-9092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Diamagnetic samples placed in a strong magnetic field and a magnetic field gradient experience a magnetic force. Stable magnetic levitation occurs when the magnetic force exactly counter balances the gravitational force. Under this condition, a diamagnetic sample is in a simulated microgravity environment. The purpose of this study is to explore if MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells can be grown in magnetically simulated hypo-g and hyper-g environments and determine if gene expression is differentially expressed under these conditions. The murine calvarial osteoblastic cell line, MC3T3-E1, grown on Cytodex-3 beads, were subjected to a net gravitational force of 0, 1 and 2 g in a 17 T superconducting magnet for 2 days. Microarray analysis of these cells indicated that gravitational stress leads to up and down regulation of hundreds of genes. The methodology of sustaining long-term magnetic levitation of biological systems are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce E. Hammer
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St., MMC 292, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA, URL: www.ciamr.umn.edu
| | - Louis S. Kidder
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St., MMC 292, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA, URL: www.ciamr.umn.edu
| | - Philip C. Williams
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St., MMC 292, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA, URL: www.ciamr.umn.edu
| | - Wayne Wenzhong Xu
- Supercomputing Institute for Advanced Computational Research, University of Minnesota, 117 Pleasant St., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| |
Collapse
|