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Vahalová P, Cifra M. Biological autoluminescence as a perturbance-free method for monitoring oxidation in biosystems. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 177:80-108. [PMID: 36336139 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Biological oxidation processes are in the core of life energetics, play an important role in cellular biophysics, physiological cell signaling or cellular pathophysiology. Understanding of biooxidation processes is also crucial for biotechnological applications. Therefore, a plethora of methods has been developed for monitoring oxidation so far, each with distinct advantages and disadvantages. We review here the available methods for monitoring oxidation and their basic characteristics and capabilities. Then we focus on a unique method - the only one that does not require input of additional external energy or chemicals - which employs detection of biological autoluminescence (BAL). We highlight the pros and cons of this method and provide an overview of how BAL can be used to report on various aspects of cellular oxidation processes starting from oxygen consumption to the generation of oxidation products such as carbonyls. This review highlights the application potential of this completely non-invasive and label-free biophotonic diagnostic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Vahalová
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 18200, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Cifra
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 18200, Czech Republic.
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2
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Naumova EV, Vladimirov YA, Tuchin VV, Namiot VA, Volodyaev IV. Methods of Studying Ultraweak Photon Emission from Biological Objects: III. Physical Methods. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350922010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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3
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Volodyaev IV, Beloussov LV, Kontsevaya II, Naumova AE, Naumova EV. Methods of Studying Ultraweak Photon Emissions from Biological Objects. II. Methods Based on Biological Detection. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s000635092106021x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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4
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Naumova EV, Vladimirov YA, Beloussov LV, Tuchin VV, Volodyaev IV. Methods of Studying Ultraweak Photon Emission from Biological Objects: I. History, Types and Properties, Fundamental and Application Significance. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350921050158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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5
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Van Wijk R, Van Wijk EP, Pang J, Yang M, Yan Y, Han J. Integrating Ultra-Weak Photon Emission Analysis in Mitochondrial Research. Front Physiol 2020; 11:717. [PMID: 32733265 PMCID: PMC7360823 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Once regarded solely as the energy source of the cell, nowadays mitochondria are recognized to perform multiple essential functions in addition to energy production. Since the discovery of pathogenic mitochondrial DNA defects in the 1980s, research advances have revealed an increasing number of common human diseases, which share an underlying pathogenesis involving mitochondrial dysfunction. A major factor in this dysfunction is reactive oxygen species (ROS), which influence the mitochondrial-nuclear crosstalk and the link with the epigenome, an influence that provides explanations for pathogenic mechanisms. Regarding these mechanisms, we should take into account that mitochondria produce the majority of ultra-weak photon emission (UPE), an aspect that is often ignored - this type of emission may serve as assay for ROS, thus providing new opportunities for a non-invasive diagnosis of mitochondrial dysfunction. In this article, we overviewed three relevant areas of mitochondria-related research over the period 1960-2020: (a) respiration and energy production, (b) respiration-related production of free radicals and other ROS species, and (c) ultra-weak photon emission in relation to ROS and stress. First, we have outlined how these research areas initially developed independently of each other - following that, our review aims to show their stepwise integration during later stages of development. It is suggested that a further stimulation of research on UPE may have the potential to enhance the progress of modern mitochondrial research and its integration in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roeland Van Wijk
- Meluna Research, Department of Biophotonics, Geldermalsen, Netherlands
| | | | - Jingxiang Pang
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, Jinan, China
- Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Meina Yang
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, Jinan, China
- Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Meluna Research, Department of Biophotonics, Geldermalsen, Netherlands
| | - Jinxiang Han
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, Jinan, China
- Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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6
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Dlask M, Kukal J, Poplová M, Sovka P, Cifra M. Short-time fractal analysis of biological autoluminescence. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214427. [PMID: 31348777 PMCID: PMC6660117 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological systems manifest continuous weak autoluminescence, which is present even in the absence of external stimuli. Since this autoluminescence arises from internal metabolic and physiological processes, several works suggested that it could carry information in the time series of the detected photon counts. However, there is little experimental work which would show any difference of this signal from random Poisson noise and some works were prone to artifacts due to lacking or improper reference signals. Here we apply rigorous statistical methods and advanced reference signals to test the hypothesis whether time series of autoluminescence from germinating mung beans display any intrinsic correlations. Utilizing the fractional Brownian bridge that employs short samples of time series in the method kernel, we suggest that the detected autoluminescence signal from mung beans is not totally random, but it seems to involve a process with a negative memory. Our results contribute to the development of the rigorous methodology of signal analysis of photonic biosignals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dlask
- Czech Technical University, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Trojanova 12, Praha, Czechia
| | - Jaromír Kukal
- Czech Technical University, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Trojanova 12, Praha, Czechia
| | - Michaela Poplová
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Chaberská 57, Praha 8, Czechia
| | - Pavel Sovka
- Department of Circuit Theory of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering at Czech Technical University in Prague, Technická 2, Praha 6, Czechia
| | - Michal Cifra
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Chaberská 57, Praha 8, Czechia
- * E-mail:
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7
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Endogenous Chemiluminescence from Germinating Arabidopsis Thaliana Seeds. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16231. [PMID: 30385859 PMCID: PMC6212569 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34485-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that all biological systems which undergo oxidative metabolism or oxidative stress generate a small amount of light. Since the origin of excited states producing this light is generally accepted to come from chemical reactions, the term endogenous biological chemiluminescence is appropriate. Apart from biomedicine, this phenomenon has potential applications also in plant biology and agriculture like monitoring the germination rate of seeds. While chemiluminescence capability to monitor germination has been measured on multiple agriculturally relevant plants, the standard model plant Arabidopsis thaliana has not been analyzed for this process so far. To fill in this gap, we demonstrate here on A. thaliana that the intensity of endogenous chemiluminescence increases during the germination stage. We showed that the chemiluminescence intensity increases since the second day of germination, but reaches a plateau on the third day, in contrast to other plants germinating from larger seeds studied so far. We also showed that intensity increases after topical application of hydrogen peroxide in a dose-dependent manner. Further, we demonstrated that the entropy of the chemiluminescence time series is similar to random Poisson signals. Our results support a notion that metabolism and oxidative reactions are underlying processes which generate endogenous biological chemiluminescence. Our findings contribute to novel methods for non-invasive and label-free sensing of oxidative processes in plant biology and agriculture.
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8
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Poplová M, Sovka P, Cifra M. Poisson pre-processing of nonstationary photonic signals: Signals with equality between mean and variance. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188622. [PMID: 29216207 PMCID: PMC5720749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Photonic signals are broadly exploited in communication and sensing and they typically exhibit Poisson-like statistics. In a common scenario where the intensity of the photonic signals is low and one needs to remove a nonstationary trend of the signals for any further analysis, one faces an obstacle: due to the dependence between the mean and variance typical for a Poisson-like process, information about the trend remains in the variance even after the trend has been subtracted, possibly yielding artifactual results in further analyses. Commonly available detrending or normalizing methods cannot cope with this issue. To alleviate this issue we developed a suitable pre-processing method for the signals that originate from a Poisson-like process. In this paper, a Poisson pre-processing method for nonstationary time series with Poisson distribution is developed and tested on computer-generated model data and experimental data of chemiluminescence from human neutrophils and mung seeds. The presented method transforms a nonstationary Poisson signal into a stationary signal with a Poisson distribution while preserving the type of photocount distribution and phase-space structure of the signal. The importance of the suggested pre-processing method is shown in Fano factor and Hurst exponent analysis of both computer-generated model signals and experimental photonic signals. It is demonstrated that our pre-processing method is superior to standard detrending-based methods whenever further signal analysis is sensitive to variance of the signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Poplová
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics, the Czech Academy of Sciences, Chaberská 57, 182 51, Prague 8, Czechia
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technická 2, 166 27, Prague 6, Czechia
| | - Pavel Sovka
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technická 2, 166 27, Prague 6, Czechia
| | - Michal Cifra
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics, the Czech Academy of Sciences, Chaberská 57, 182 51, Prague 8, Czechia
- * E-mail:
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9
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Burgos RCR, van Wijk EPA, van Wijk R, He M, van der Greef J. Crossing the Boundaries of Our Current Healthcare System by Integrating Ultra-Weak Photon Emissions with Metabolomics. Front Physiol 2016; 7:611. [PMID: 28018239 PMCID: PMC5156693 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The current healthcare system is hampered by a reductionist approach in which diagnostics and interventions focus on a specific target, resulting in medicines that center on generic, static phenomena while excluding inherent dynamic nature of biological processes, let alone psychosocial parameters. In this essay, we present some limitations of the current healthcare system and introduce the novel and potential approach of combining ultra-weak photon emission (UPE) with metabolomics technology in order to provide a dynamic readout of higher organizational systems. We argue that the combination of metabolomics and UPE can bring a new, broader, view of health state and can potentially help to shift healthcare toward more personalized approach that improves patient well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosilene C Rossetto Burgos
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden UniversityLeiden, Netherlands; Sino-Dutch Center for Preventive and Personalized Medicine/Center for Photonics of Living Systems, Leiden UniversityLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Eduard P A van Wijk
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden UniversityLeiden, Netherlands; Sino-Dutch Center for Preventive and Personalized Medicine/Center for Photonics of Living Systems, Leiden UniversityLeiden, Netherlands; Meluna Research in BiophotonicsGeldermalsen, Netherlands
| | - Roeland van Wijk
- Sino-Dutch Center for Preventive and Personalized Medicine/Center for Photonics of Living Systems, Leiden UniversityLeiden, Netherlands; Meluna Research in BiophotonicsGeldermalsen, Netherlands
| | - Min He
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden UniversityLeiden, Netherlands; Sino-Dutch Center for Preventive and Personalized Medicine/Center for Photonics of Living Systems, Leiden UniversityLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Jan van der Greef
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden UniversityLeiden, Netherlands; Sino-Dutch Center for Preventive and Personalized Medicine/Center for Photonics of Living Systems, Leiden UniversityLeiden, Netherlands
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10
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Rafieiolhosseini N, Poplová M, Sasanpour P, Rafii-Tabar H, Alhossaini MR, Cifra M. Photocount statistics of ultra-weak photon emission from germinating mung bean. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 162:50-55. [PMID: 27341637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-weak photon emission (UPE) is an endogenous bioluminescence phenomenon present in all biological samples with an active oxidative metabolism, even without an external pre-illumination. To verify the potential of UPE for non-invasive monitoring of metabolism and growth in germinating plants, the aim of this study was to investigate the UPE from a model system - germinating mung bean seedlings (Vigna radiata) - and analyze the statistical properties of UPE during the growth in two different conditions of imbibition (pure water and 1% sucrose). We found that in all days and in both conditions, photocount distributions of UPE time series follow the negative binomial distribution whose parameters changed during the growth due to the increasing ratio of signal-to-detector dark count. Correspondingly for both groups, the mean values of UPE increased during the seedlings growth, while the values of Fano factor show a decreasing trend towards 1 during the 6day period. While our results do not show any significant difference in hypocotyl length and weight gain between the two groups of mung seedlings, there is an indication of a tiny suppressing effect of sucrose on UPE intensity. We believe that UPE can be exploited for a sensitive non-invasive analysis of oxidative metabolism during the plant development and growth with potential applications in agricultural research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Rafieiolhosseini
- Computational Physical Sciences Research Laboratory, School of Nano-Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), 19395-5531 Tehran, Iran
| | - Michaela Poplová
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Chaberská 57, 18251, Praha 8 - Kobylisy, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Circuit Theory, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technická 2, 16627, Praha 6, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pezhman Sasanpour
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 1985717443 Tehran, Iran; Computational Nano-Bioelectromagnetics Research Group, School of Nano-Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), 19395-5531 Tehran, Iran
| | - Hashem Rafii-Tabar
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 1985717443 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahsa Rafiee Alhossaini
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal Ale Ahmad Highway, 14115-111 Tehran, Iran
| | - Michal Cifra
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Chaberská 57, 18251, Praha 8 - Kobylisy, Prague, Czech Republic.
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11
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Salari V, Scholkmann F, Bokkon I, Shahbazi F, Tuszynski J. The Physical Mechanism for Retinal Discrete Dark Noise: Thermal Activation or Cellular Ultraweak Photon Emission? PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148336. [PMID: 26950936 PMCID: PMC4780715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
For several decades the physical mechanism underlying discrete dark noise of photoreceptors in the eye has remained highly controversial and poorly understood. It is known that the Arrhenius equation, which is based on the Boltzmann distribution for thermal activation, can model only a part (e.g. half of the activation energy) of the retinal dark noise experimentally observed for vertebrate rod and cone pigments. Using the Hinshelwood distribution instead of the Boltzmann distribution in the Arrhenius equation has been proposed as a solution to the problem. Here, we show that the using the Hinshelwood distribution does not solve the problem completely. As the discrete components of noise are indistinguishable in shape and duration from those produced by real photon induced photo-isomerization, the retinal discrete dark noise is most likely due to ‘internal photons’ inside cells and not due to thermal activation of visual pigments. Indeed, all living cells exhibit spontaneous ultraweak photon emission (UPE), mainly in the optical wavelength range, i.e., 350–700 nm. We show here that the retinal discrete dark noise has a similar rate as UPE and therefore dark noise is most likely due to spontaneous cellular UPE and not due to thermal activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Salari
- Department of Physics, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
- School of Physics, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran 19395-5531, Iran
| | - Felix Scholkmann
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Research Office for Complex Physical and Biological Systems (ROCoS), 8038 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Istvan Bokkon
- Vision Research Institute, 25 Rita Street, Lowell, MA 01854, United States of America
- Psychoszomatic OutPatient Department of the National Center for Spinal Disorders, Budapest H-1126, Hungary
| | - Farhad Shahbazi
- Department of Physics, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
- School of Physics, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran 19395-5531, Iran
| | - Jack Tuszynski
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, T6G 2J1, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- * E-mail:
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12
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Volodyaev I, Beloussov LV. Revisiting the mitogenetic effect of ultra-weak photon emission. Front Physiol 2015; 6:241. [PMID: 26441668 PMCID: PMC4561347 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews the 90 years long controversial history of the so-called "mitogenetic radiation," the first case of non-chemical distant interactions, reported by Gurwitsch (1923). It was soon described as ultraweak UV, emitted by a number of biological systems, and stimulating mitosis in "competent" (in this sense) cells. In the following 20 years this phenomenon attracted enormous interest of the scientific community, and gave rise to more than 700 publications around the world. Yet, this wave of research vanished after several ostensibly disproving works in late 1930-s, and was not resumed later, regardless of quite serious grounds for that. The authors discuss separately two aspects of the problem: (1) do living organisms emit ultraweak radiation in the UV range (irrespective of whether it has any biological role), and (2) are there any real effects of this ultraweak photon emission (UPE) upon cell division and/or other biological functions? Analysis of the available data permits to conclude, that UV fraction of UPE should be regarded real, while its biological effects are difficult to reproduce. This causes a paradox. A number of presently known qualities of UPE were initially discovered (predicted?) by the "early workers" on the basis of biological effects. Yet the qualities they discovered were proved later (the UV component of UPE, the sources of UPE among biological systems, etc…), while the biological effect they used for UPE "detection" remains questionable. Importance of this area for basic biology and medicine, and potential usefulness of UPE as a non-invasive research method, invite scientists to attack this problem again, applying powerful research facilities of modern science. Yet, because of complexity and uncertainty of the problem, further progress in this area demands comprehensive examination of both positive and negative works, with particular attention to their methodical details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Volodyaev
- Laboratory of Developmental Biophysics, Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State UniversityMoscow, Russia
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13
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Craddock TJA, Priel A, Tuszynski JA. Keeping time: could quantum beating in microtubules be the basis for the neural synchrony related to consciousness? J Integr Neurosci 2015; 13:293-311. [PMID: 25012713 DOI: 10.1142/s0219635214400019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper discusses the possibility of quantum coherent oscillations playing a role in neuronal signaling. Consciousness correlates strongly with coherent neural oscillations, however the mechanisms by which neurons synchronize are not fully elucidated. Recent experimental evidence of quantum beats in light-harvesting complexes of plants (LHCII) and bacteria provided a stimulus for seeking similar effects in important structures found in animal cells, especially in neurons. We argue that microtubules (MTs), which play critical roles in all eukaryotic cells, possess structural and functional characteristics that are consistent with quantum coherent excitations in the aromatic groups of their tryptophan residues. Furthermore we outline the consequences of these findings on neuronal processes including the emergence of consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis J A Craddock
- Center for Psychological Studies, Graduate School of Computer and Information Sciences, College of Osteophatic Medicine and the Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33314-7796, USA
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Volkov V. Discovering electrophysiology in photobiology: A brief overview of several photobiological processes with an emphasis on electrophysiology. Commun Integr Biol 2014; 7:e28423. [PMID: 25328636 PMCID: PMC4183612 DOI: 10.4161/cib.28423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mini-review gives special attention to holistic approach and mechanisms of processes. The physical and chemical frames and background for visual perception and signaling are discussed. Perception of photons by retinal rod cells is described in more detail starting from photon absorption and culminating in ion currents. Dark noise and temperature-dependence of photocurrents in photoreceptor cells are analyzed. Perception of polarized light, its effects and informational importance are discussed based on underlying mechanisms and specialized morphological structures of biological organisms. Role of statistics of photons in photoreception is questioned. The review also pinpoints new and developing directions and raises questions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Volkov
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Computing; London Metropolitan University; London, UK
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15
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Ultra-weak photon emission from biological samples: definition, mechanisms, properties, detection and applications. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 139:2-10. [PMID: 24726298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This review attempts to summarize molecular mechanisms, spectral and intensity properties, detection techniques and applications of ultra-weak photon emission. Ultra-weak photon emission is the chemiluminescence from biological systems where electronically excited species are formed during oxidative metabolic or oxidative stress processes. It is generally accepted that photons are emitted (1) at near UVA, visible, and near IR spectral ranges from 350 to 1300nm and (2) at the intensity of photon emission in the range of several units to several hundreds (oxidative metabolic process) and several hundreds to several thousands (oxidative stress process) photons s(-1)cm(-2). Current development in detection using low-noise photomultiplier tubes and imaging using highly sensitive charge coupled device cameras allows temporal and spatial visualization of oxidative metabolic or oxidative stress processes, respectively. As the phenomenon of ultra-weak photon emission reflects oxidative metabolic or oxidative stress processes, it can be widely used as a non-invasive tool for monitoring of the physiological state of biological systems.
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16
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Attributes characterizing spontaneous ultra-weak photon signals of human subjects. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 129:6-16. [PMID: 24141288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sixty visible range photon signals spontaneously emitted from the dorsal side of both hands of fifteen human subjects are analyzed with the aim of finding their attributes. The signals are of 30 min duration and detected in bins of 50 ms by two synchronized photo multipliers sensitive in the range (290-630 nm). Each signal is a time series of 36,000 elements. The attributes of its signal are determined from the statistical properties of time series. The mean and variance of time series determine the attributes signal strength and intercept (p₀) and slope (p₁) of the Fano Factor curve. The photon count distribution of the time series determines squeezed state parameters |α|, r, θ and ϕ, squeezed state index (SSI), and sum of the squares of residue (SSR). The correlation between simultaneously detected signals determines intercept (c₀) and slope (c₁) of their correlation curve. The variability of attributes is studied by calculating them in smaller intervals covering the entire signal. The profile of attribute at 12 sites in a subject is more informative and biologically relevant.
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17
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Hossu M, Ma L, Zou X, Chen W. Enhancement of biophoton emission of prostate cancer cells by Ag nanoparticles. Cancer Nanotechnol 2013; 4:21-26. [PMID: 26069498 PMCID: PMC4451865 DOI: 10.1007/s12645-013-0034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraweak intrinsic bioluminescence of cancer cell is a noninvasive method of assessing bioenergetic status of the investigated cells. This weak biophoton emission generated by prostate cancer cells (PC3) was measured in the presence of Ag nanoparticles and its correlation with singlet oxygen production was investigated. The comparison between nanoparticles concentration, bioluminescence intensity, and cell survival showed that Ag nanoparticles do not significantly affect cell survival at used concentration but they increase cell bioluminescent processes. It was also confirmed that singlet oxygen contributes to biophoton emission, that Ag nanoparticles increase this contribution, and that there are secondary mechanisms independent of singlet oxygen by which Ag nanoparticles contribute to increased cellular bioluminescence, possibly through plasmon resonance enhancement of intrinsic fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Hossu
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - Lun Ma
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - Xiaoju Zou
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
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Raveh A, Valitsky M, Shani L, Coorssen JR, Blank PS, Zimmerberg J, Rahamimoff R. Observations of calcium dynamics in cortical secretory vesicles. Cell Calcium 2012; 52:217-25. [PMID: 22831912 PMCID: PMC3433649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2012.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca(2+)) dynamics were evaluated in fluorescently labeled sea urchin secretory vesicles using confocal microscopy. 71% of the vesicles examined exhibited one or more transient increases in the fluorescence signal that was damped in time. The detection of transient increases in signal was dependent upon the affinity of the fluorescence indicator; the free Ca(2+) concentration in the secretory vesicles was estimated to be in the range of ∼10 to 100 μM. Non-linear stochastic analysis revealed the presence of extra variance in the Ca(2+) dependent fluorescence signal. This noise process increased linearly with the amplitude of the Ca(2+) signal. Both the magnitude and spatial properties of this noise process were dependent upon the activity of vesicle p-type (Ca(v)2.1) Ca(2+) channels. Blocking the p-type Ca(2+) channels with ω-agatoxin decreased signal variance, and altered the spatial noise pattern within the vesicle. These fluorescence signal properties are consistent with vesicle Ca(2+) dynamics and not simply due to obvious physical properties such as gross movement artifacts or pH driven changes in Ca(2+) indicator fluorescence. The results suggest that the free Ca(2+) content of cortical secretory vesicles is dynamic; this property may modulate the exocytotic fusion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Raveh
- Department of Physiology and the Bernard Katz Minerva Centre for Cell Biophysics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael Valitsky
- Department of Physiology and the Bernard Katz Minerva Centre for Cell Biophysics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Liora Shani
- Department of Physiology and the Bernard Katz Minerva Centre for Cell Biophysics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jens R. Coorssen
- Department of Molecular Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Health and Science, and Molecular Medicine Research Group, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, Australia
| | - Paul S. Blank
- Program in Physical Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joshua Zimmerberg
- Program in Physical Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rami Rahamimoff
- Department of Physiology and the Bernard Katz Minerva Centre for Cell Biophysics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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19
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Moraes TA, Barlow PW, Klingelé E, Gallep CM. Spontaneous ultra-weak light emissions from wheat seedlings are rhythmic and synchronized with the time profile of the local gravimetric tide. Naturwissenschaften 2012; 99:465-72. [PMID: 22639076 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-012-0921-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago A Moraes
- School of Technology, University of Campinas, Rua Paschoal Marmo 1888, 13484-332, Limeira, SP, Brazil
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20
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Bókkon I, Salari V, Tuszynski JA. Emergence of intrinsic representations of images by feedforward and feedback processes and bioluminescent photons in early retinotopic areas. J Integr Neurosci 2012; 10:47-64. [PMID: 21425482 DOI: 10.1142/s0219635211002610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we put forward a redox molecular hypothesis involving the natural biophysical substrate of visual perception and imagery. Here, we explicitly propose that the feedback and feedforward iterative operation processes can be interpreted in terms of a homunculus looking at the biophysical picture in our brain during visual imagery. We further propose that the brain can use both picture-like and language-like representation processes. In our interpretation, visualization (imagery) is a special kind of representation i.e., visual imagery requires a peculiar inherent biophysical (picture-like) mechanism. We also conjecture that the evolution of higher levels of complexity made the biophysical picture representation of the external visual world possible by controlled redox and bioluminescent nonlinear (iterative) biochemical reactions in the V1 and V2 areas during visual imagery. Our proposal deals only with the primary level of visual representation (i.e. perceived "scene").
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bókkon
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Semmelweis University, Hungary.
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21
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Bókkon I, Vimal RLP, Wang C, Dai J, Salari V, Grass F, Antal I. Visible light induced ocular delayed bioluminescence as a possible origin of negative afterimage. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2011; 103:192-9. [PMID: 21463953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The delayed luminescence of biological tissues is an ultraweak reemission of absorbed photons after exposure to external monochromatic or white light illumination. Recently, Wang, Bókkon, Dai and Antal (2011) [10] presented the first experimental proof of the existence of spontaneous ultraweak biophoton emission and visible light induced delayed ultraweak photon emission from in vitro freshly isolated rat's whole eye, lens, vitreous humor and retina. Here, we suggest that the photobiophysical source of negative afterimage can also occur within the eye by delayed bioluminescent photons. In other words, when we stare at a colored (or white) image for few seconds, external photons can induce excited electronic states within different parts of the eye that is followed by a delayed reemission of absorbed photons for several seconds. Finally, these reemitted photons can be absorbed by non-bleached photoreceptors that produce a negative afterimage. Although this suggests the photobiophysical source of negative afterimages is related retinal mechanisms, cortical neurons have also essential contribution in the interpretation and modulation of negative afterimages.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bókkon
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Wang C, Bókkon I, Dai J, Antal I. Spontaneous and visible light-induced ultraweak photon emission from rat eyes. Brain Res 2011; 1369:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Van Wijk EP, Wijk RV, Bajpai RP, van der Greef J. Statistical analysis of the spontaneously emitted photon signals from palm and dorsal sides of both hands in human subjects. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2010; 99:133-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 01/28/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hossu M, Ma L, Chen W. Nonlinear enhancement of spontaneous biophoton emission of sweet potato by silver nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2010; 99:44-8. [PMID: 20207158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Ultraweak biophoton emission of cutting-injured sweet potato is enhanced by the incubation with Ag nanoparticles in a nonlinear way. The late peak of the emission after the cutting injury is amplified as much as 15 times, while only little amplification was identified for the emission measured immediately after the cutting. The effect requires the presence of nutritive media to support the active metabolic processes and is also affected by the timing of the addition of the Ag nanoparticles. Proposed mechanisms of reactive oxygen species generation and energy resonance transfer are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Hossu
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St. Arlington, TX 76019, USA
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Bókkon I, Vimal RLP. Retinal phosphenes and discrete dark noises in rods: A new biophysical framework. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2009; 96:255-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2009.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2009] [Revised: 06/28/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Yang JM, Choi C, Yu JH, Soh KS, Choi SM, Ryu Y. Yin/Yang Polarization: Quantitative Diagnostic Evaluation Using Biophoton Measurement From Human Hands And Feet. J Altern Complement Med 2006; 12:603-6. [PMID: 16970529 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2006.12.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Hossu M, Rupert R. Quantum events of biophoton emission associated with complementary and alternative medicine therapies: a descriptive pilot study. J Altern Complement Med 2006; 12:119-24. [PMID: 16566670 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2006.12.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biophoton emission (BPE) is a quantum event characterized by a relatively stable but ultralow- rate emission of visible photons from living organisms. It has been associated with high energy processes such as: cell metabolism, growth, phagocytosis, neural activity, and oxidative stress. BPE has also been suggested to reflect the organism's global state of health as well as the response to stimulation including therapeutic interventions. If BPE changes occur as a result of various complementary and alternative medical interventions, this could prove useful to monitor both the patient's response to a specific treatment and global changes in their health status. This descriptive study attempts to identify BPE changes associated with three different chiropractic techniques that use different energetic approaches: mechanical, gravitational, and bioenergetic. MATERIALS AND METHODS The BPE was measured at the neck and/or the lower back of 3 asymptomatic adult male volunteers. The measurements were made before and after different chiropractic interventions. The treatment techniques included a high velocity joint manipulation with the aid of a drop table, Sacro-Occipital Technique, and Bio-Energetic Synchronization Technique. Enough time was allotted for measurements in order to differentiate between natural fluctuation of the BPE and the changes induced by the interventions. RESULTS All techniques induced small (up to 20%) but statistically significant changes (p < 0.05 in one case, p < 0.001 in the other two) in the BPE. Each technique demonstrated a different pattern of BPE change that may be specific to the technique. CONCLUSION The intensity of BPE is a noninvasive indicator of the health of the human body and is significantly altered in different ways by chiropractic interventions. Future research is necessary to explore more features of BPE and its utility as an indicator of health, as well as the theoretical and clinical significance of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Hossu
- Parker College of Chiropractic Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75229, USA.
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