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Untracht GR, Chen M, Wijesinghe P, Mas J, Yura HT, Marti D, Andersen PE, Dholakia K. Spatially offset optical coherence tomography: Leveraging multiple scattering for high-contrast imaging at depth in turbid media. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh5435. [PMID: 37418534 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh5435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The penetration depth of optical coherence tomography (OCT) reaches well beyond conventional microscopy; however, signal reduction with depth leads to rapid degradation of the signal below the noise level. The pursuit of imaging at depth has been largely approached by extinguishing multiple scattering. However, in OCT, multiple scattering substantially contributes to image formation at depth. Here, we investigate the role of multiple scattering in OCT image contrast and postulate that, in OCT, multiple scattering can enhance image contrast at depth. We introduce an original geometry that completely decouples the incident and collection fields by introducing a spatial offset between them, leading to preferential collection of multiply scattered light. A wave optics-based theoretical framework supports our experimentally demonstrated improvement in contrast. The effective signal attenuation can be reduced by more than 24 decibels. Notably, a ninefold enhancement in image contrast at depth is observed in scattering biological samples. This geometry enables a powerful capacity to dynamically tune for contrast at depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavrielle R Untracht
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Mingzhou Chen
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Philip Wijesinghe
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Josep Mas
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Harold T Yura
- Electronics and Photonics Laboratory, The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245, USA
| | - Dominik Marti
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Peter E Andersen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Kishan Dholakia
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
- Centre of Light for Life and School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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2
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Liu K, Li J, Raghunathan R, Zhao H, Li X, Wong STC. The Progress of Label-Free Optical Imaging in Alzheimer's Disease Screening and Diagnosis. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:699024. [PMID: 34366828 PMCID: PMC8341907 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.699024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
As the major neurodegenerative disease of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) has caused an enormous social and economic burden on society. Currently, AD has neither clear pathogenesis nor effective treatments. Positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been verified as potential tools for diagnosing and monitoring Alzheimer's disease. However, the high costs, low spatial resolution, and long acquisition time limit their broad clinical utilization. The gold standard of AD diagnosis routinely used in research is imaging AD biomarkers with dyes or other reagents, which are unsuitable for in vivo studies owing to their potential toxicity and prolonged and costly process of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for human use. Furthermore, these exogenous reagents might bring unwarranted interference to mechanistic studies, causing unreliable results. Several label-free optical imaging techniques, such as infrared spectroscopic imaging (IRSI), Raman spectroscopic imaging (RSI), optical coherence tomography (OCT), autofluorescence imaging (AFI), optical harmonic generation imaging (OHGI), etc., have been developed to circumvent this issue and made it possible to offer an accurate and detailed analysis of AD biomarkers. In this review, we present the emerging label-free optical imaging techniques and their applications in AD, along with their potential and challenges in AD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- Translational Biophotonics Laboratory, Systems Medicine and Bioengineering Department, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiasong Li
- Translational Biophotonics Laboratory, Systems Medicine and Bioengineering Department, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- T. T. and W. F. Chao Center for BRAIN, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Raksha Raghunathan
- Translational Biophotonics Laboratory, Systems Medicine and Bioengineering Department, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- T. T. and W. F. Chao Center for BRAIN, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hong Zhao
- Translational Biophotonics Laboratory, Systems Medicine and Bioengineering Department, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xuping Li
- T. T. and W. F. Chao Center for BRAIN, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Stephen T. C. Wong
- Translational Biophotonics Laboratory, Systems Medicine and Bioengineering Department, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- T. T. and W. F. Chao Center for BRAIN, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
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3
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Yang Y, Tu D, Zhang Y, Zhang P, Chen X. Recent advances in design of lanthanide-containing NIR-II luminescent nanoprobes. iScience 2021; 24:102062. [PMID: 33604522 PMCID: PMC7873658 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Luminescent biosensing in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) region, which has weak tissue scattering and low autofluorescence, draws extensive attention owing to its deep tissue penetration, good spatial resolution and high signal-to-background ratio. As a new generation of NIR-II probes, lanthanide (Ln3+)-containing nanoprobes exhibit several superior properties. With the rapid development of Ln3+-containing NIR-II nanoprobes, many significant advances have been accomplished in their optical properties tuning and surface functional modification for further bioapplications. Rather than being exhaustive, this review aims to survey the recent advances in the design strategies of inorganic Ln3+-containing NIR-II luminescent nanoprobes by highlighting their optical performance optimization and surface modification approaches. Moreover, challenges and opportunities for this kind of novel NIR-II nanoprobes are envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Datao Tu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Yunqin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xueyuan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
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4
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Wang J, Zheng Z, Chan J, Yeow JTW. Capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers for intravascular ultrasound imaging. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2020; 6:73. [PMID: 34567683 PMCID: PMC8433336 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-020-0181-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is a burgeoning imaging technology that provides vital information for the diagnosis of coronary arterial diseases. A significant constituent that enables the IVUS system to attain high-resolution images is the ultrasound transducer, which acts as both a transmitter that sends acoustic waves and a detector that receives the returning signals. Being the most mature form of ultrasound transducer available in the market, piezoelectric transducers have dominated the field of biomedical imaging. However, there are some drawbacks associated with using the traditional piezoelectric ultrasound transducers such as difficulties in the fabrication of high-density arrays, which would aid in the acceleration of the imaging speed and alleviate motion artifact. The advent of microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology has brought about the development of micromachined ultrasound transducers that would help to address this issue. Apart from the advantage of being able to be fabricated into arrays with lesser complications, the image quality of IVUS can be further enhanced with the easy integration of micromachined ultrasound transducers with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS). This would aid in the mitigation of parasitic capacitance, thereby improving the signal-to-noise. Currently, there are two commonly investigated micromachined ultrasound transducers, piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducers (PMUTs) and capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers (CMUTs). Currently, PMUTs face a significant challenge where the fabricated PMUTs do not function as per their design. Thus, CMUTs with different array configurations have been developed for IVUS. In this paper, the different ultrasound transducers, including conventional-piezoelectric transducers, PMUTs and CMUTs, are reviewed, and a summary of the recent progress of CMUTs for IVUS is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Zhou Zheng
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Jasmine Chan
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - John T. W. Yeow
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
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5
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Cedro L, Hasler PW, Meier C, Povazay B, Burri C, Mooser M, Kaiser P, Rothenbuehler SP, Müller PL, Zarranz-Ventura J, Egan C, Tufail A, Scholl HPN, Maloca PM. Feasibility and Safety of a Coaxial Dual-Wavelength Optical Coherence Tomography Apparatus. Ophthalmic Res 2020; 64:55-61. [PMID: 32428922 DOI: 10.1159/000508751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the feasibility and safety of a coaxial dual-wavelength optical coherence tomography (OCT) device (marked as Hydra-OCT). METHODS Healthy participants without ocular pathology underwent retinal imaging using the Hydra-OCT allowing for simultaneous measurement of retinal scanning of 840 and 1,072 nm wavelength. Before and after measurement, best-corrected visual acuity and patients' comfort were assessed. Representative OCT images from both wavelengths were compared by 5 independent graders using a subjective grading scheme. RESULTS A total of 30 eyes of 30 participants (8 females and 22 males) with a mean age of 26.5 years (range from 19 to 55 years) were included. Dual-wavelength image acquisition was made possible in each subject. The participant's effort and comfort assessment using the Hydra-OCT imaging revealed an equivalent value as compared to the commercially available OCT machine. No adverse events were reported, and visual acuity was not altered by the Hydra-OCT. Imaging between the systems was comparable. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for the feasibility and safety of a coaxial dual-wavelength OCT imaging method under real-life conditions. The novel Hydra-OCT imaging device may offer additional insights into the pathology of retinal and choroidal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cedro
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal W Hasler
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,OCTlab, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Meier
- Institute for Human Centered Engineering (HuCE) optoLab, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Boris Povazay
- Institute for Human Centered Engineering (HuCE) optoLab, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Burri
- Institute for Human Centered Engineering (HuCE) optoLab, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Mooser
- Institute for Human Centered Engineering (HuCE) optoLab, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Kaiser
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simon P Rothenbuehler
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,OCTlab, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp L Müller
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Catherine Egan
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adnan Tufail
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hendrik P N Scholl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,OCTlab, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland.,Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter M Maloca
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland, .,OCTlab, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland, .,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland, .,Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom,
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6
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Li X, Zhang P, Wu D, Han K, Tong S, Jiang H. Single-/dual-pulse repetition rate variable supercontinuum light source with peak wavelength around 1.7 µm using a modulated pump. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:3458-3466. [PMID: 32400461 DOI: 10.1364/ao.387225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A single-/dual-pulse repetition rate variable supercontinuum (SC) light source (SLS) with a peak wavelength of around 1.7 µm (SLS around 1.7 µm) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In our scheme, a 1.5 µm modulated pump source included a laser and an intensity modulator (IM). The pump source can generate pulse trains with different repetitions and pulse durations. A 1 km high nonlinear fiber (HNLF) was used as the nonlinear gain medium. A picosecond-pulsed SC signal was obtained by pumping the HNLF, and a wavelength division multiplexer was used for filtering residual pump. Additionally, a Sagnac loop was applied to create a multiwavelength pulse SC light source. The generated SC source covered from 1.59 to 1.96 µm, and its peak wavelength was around 1.7 µm. The single-/dual-pulse train can be produced and switched by adjusting the direct current bias and radio frequency driving voltages of the input signal to the IM. When the repetition rate of the generated pulse train was between 170 MHz and 2 GHz, the pulse duration of the dual-pulse train was between 60 ps and 180 ps. Additionally, the duty cycle of the dual-pulse operation was 40%. The single pulse SLS, around 1.7 µm, can be a choice to improve optical coherence tomography (OCT) performance, and the dual-pulse source will be a reference for laser drilling applications.
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7
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Signal-to-background ratio and lateral resolution in deep tissue imaging by optical coherence microscopy in the 1700 nm spectral band. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16041. [PMID: 31690729 PMCID: PMC6831679 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52175-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We quantitatively investigated the image quality in deep tissue imaging with optical coherence microscopy (OCM) in the 1700 nm spectral band, in terms of the signal-to-background ratio (SBR) and lateral resolution. In this work, to demonstrate the benefits of using the 1700 nm spectral band for OCM imaging of brain samples, we compared the imaging quality of OCM en-face images obtained at the same position by using a hybrid 1300 nm/1700 nm spectral domain (SD) OCM system with shared sample and reference arms. By observing a reflective resolution test target through a 1.5 mm-thick tissue phantom, which had a similar scattering coefficient to brain cortex tissue, we confirmed that 1700 nm OCM achieved an SBR about 6-times higher than 1300 nm OCM, although the lateral resolution of the both OCMs was similarly degraded with the increase of the imaging depth. Finally, we also demonstrated high-contrast deep tissue imaging of a mouse brain at a depth up to 1.8 mm by using high-resolution 1700 nm SD-OCM.
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8
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Almasian M, Wilk LS, Bloemen PR, van Leeuwen TG, ter Laan M, Aalders MCG. Pilot feasibility study of in vivo intraoperative quantitative optical coherence tomography of human brain tissue during glioma resection. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201900037. [PMID: 31245913 PMCID: PMC7065626 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the feasibility of in vivo quantitative optical coherence tomography (OCT) of human brain tissue during glioma resection surgery in six patients. High-resolution detection of glioma tissue may allow precise and thorough tumor resection while preserving functional brain areas, and improving overall survival. In this study, in vivo 3D OCT datasets were collected during standard surgical procedure, before and after partial resection of the tumor, both from glioma tissue and normal parenchyma. Subsequently, the attenuation coefficient was extracted from the OCT datasets using an automated and validated algorithm. The cortical measurements yield a mean attenuation coefficient of 3.8 ± 1.2 mm-1 for normal brain tissue and 3.6 ± 1.1 mm-1 for glioma tissue. The subcortical measurements yield a mean attenuation coefficient of 5.7 ± 2.1 and 4.5 ± 1.6 mm-1 for, respectively, normal brain tissue and glioma. Although the results are inconclusive with respect to trends in attenuation coefficient between normal and glioma tissue due to the small sample size, the results are in the range of previously reported values. Therefore, we conclude that the proposed method for quantitative in vivo OCT of human brain tissue is feasible during glioma resection surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Almasian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & PhysicsAmsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Leah S. Wilk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & PhysicsAmsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Paul R. Bloemen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & PhysicsAmsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ton G van Leeuwen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & PhysicsAmsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Mark ter Laan
- Department of NeurosurgeryRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Maurice C. G. Aalders
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & PhysicsAmsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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9
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Yamanaka M, Hayakawa N, Nishizawa N. High-spatial-resolution deep tissue imaging with spectral-domain optical coherence microscopy in the 1700-nm spectral band. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-4. [PMID: 31364330 PMCID: PMC6995893 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.7.070502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present three-dimensional (3-D) high-resolution spectral-domain optical coherence microscopy (SD-OCM) by using a supercontinuum (SC) fiber laser source with 300-nm spectral bandwidth (full-width at half-maximum) in the 1700-nm spectral band. By using low-coherence interferometry with SC light and a confocal detection scheme, we realized lateral and axial resolutions of 3.4 and 3.8 μm in tissue (n = 1.38), respectively. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the highest 3-D spatial resolution reported among those of Fourier-domain optical coherence imaging techniques in the 1700-nm spectral band. In our SD-OCM, to enhance the imaging depth, a full-range method was implemented, which suppressed the formation of a coherent ghost image and allowed us to set the zero-delay position inside the samples. We demonstrated the 3-D high-resolution imaging capability of 1700-nm SD-OCM through the measurement of an interference signal from a mirror surface and imaging of a single 200-nm polystyrene bead and a pig thyroid gland. Deep tissue imaging at a depth of up to 1.8 mm was also demonstrated. This is the first demonstration of 3-D high-resolution SD-OCM in the 1700-nm spectral band.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naoki Hayakawa
- Nagoya University, Department of Electronics, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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10
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Li W, Li P, Fang Y, Lei TC, Dong K, Zou J, Gong W, Xie S, Huang Z. Quantitative assessment of skin swelling using optical coherence tomography. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 26:413-419. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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11
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Davis A, Levecq O, Azimani H, Siret D, Dubois A. Simultaneous dual-band line-field confocal optical coherence tomography: application to skin imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:694-706. [PMID: 30800509 PMCID: PMC6377879 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.000694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) operating in two distinct spectral bands centered at 770 nm and 1250 nm is reported, using a single supercontinuum light source and two different line-scan cameras. B-scans are acquired simultaneously in the two bands at 4 frames per second. Greyscale representation and color fusion of the images are performed to either produce a single image with both high resolution (1.3 µm × 1.2 µm, lateral × axial, measured at the surface) in the superficial part of the image and deep penetration, or to highlight the spectroscopic properties of the sample. In vivo images of fair and dark skin are presented with a penetration depth of ∼700 µm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Davis
- DAMAE Medical, 28 rue de Turbigo, 75003 Paris, France
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d’Optique Graduate School, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | | | | | - David Siret
- DAMAE Medical, 28 rue de Turbigo, 75003 Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Dubois
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d’Optique Graduate School, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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12
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Stefan S, Jeong KS, Polucha C, Tapinos N, Toms SA, Lee J. Determination of confocal profile and curved focal plane for OCT mapping of the attenuation coefficient. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:5084-5099. [PMID: 30319923 PMCID: PMC6179411 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.005084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The attenuation coefficient has proven to be a useful tool in numerous biological applications, but accurate calculation is dependent on the characterization of the confocal effect. This study presents a method to precisely determine the confocal effect and its focal plane within a sample by examining the ratio of two optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. The method can be employed to produce a single-value estimate, or a 2D map of the focal plane accounting for the curvature or tilt within the sample. Furthermore, this method is applicable to data obtained with both high numerical aperture (NA) and low-NA lenses, thereby furthering the applicability of the attenuation coefficient to high-NA OCT data. We test and validate this method using standard samples of Intralipid 20% and 5%, improving the accuracy to 99% from 65% compared to the traditional method and preliminarily show applicability to real biological data of glioblastoma acquired in vivo in a murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Stefan
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island,
USA
| | - Ki-Soo Jeong
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island,
USA
| | - Collin Polucha
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island,
USA
| | - Nikos Tapinos
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island,
USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island,
USA
| | - Steven A. Toms
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island,
USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island,
USA
| | - Jonghwan Lee
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island,
USA
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island,
USA
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13
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Yuan HH, Gao F, Yang T. Ultra-broadband tunable single- and double-mode InAs/InP quantum dot external-cavity laser emitting around 1.65 μm. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:3025-3028. [PMID: 29957772 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.003025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report an ultra-wide tunable single- and double-mode InAs/InP quantum dot (QD) external-cavity (EC) laser in a Littrow configuration. By combining the high modal gain of the QD material in the long wavelength range and an anti-reflection/high-reflection facet coating, the entire single-mode tuning range was increased up to 190 nm under a relatively low constant pulsed injection current. Furthermore, the tunable range was further increased to 230 nm at different bias currents. In addition, a mode spacing as wide as 100 nm was achieved using the same QD-EC device in the dual-mode operation, corresponding to a frequency difference of approximately 11 THz.
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14
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Yang D, Cao C, Feng W, Huang C, Li F. Synthesis of NaYF 4 :Nd@NaLuF 4 @SiO 2 @PS colloids for fluorescence imaging in the second biological window. J RARE EARTH 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Zhang P, Wu D, Du Q, Li X, Han K, Zhang L, Wang T, Jiang H. 1.7 μm band narrow-linewidth tunable Raman fiber lasers pumped by spectrum-sliced amplified spontaneous emission. APPLIED OPTICS 2017; 56:9742-9748. [PMID: 29240120 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.009742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A 1.7 μm band tunable narrow-linewidth Raman fiber laser based on spectrally sliced amplified spontaneous emission (SS-ASE) and multiple filter structures is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In this scheme, an SS-ASE source is employed as a pump source in order to avoid stimulated Brillouin scattering. The ring configuration includes a 500 m long high nonlinear optical fiber and a 10 km long dispersion shifted fiber as the gain medium. A segment of un-pumped polarization-maintaining erbium-doped fiber is used to modify the shape of the spectrum. Furthermore, a nonlinear polarization rotation scheme is applied as the wavelength selector to generate lasers. A high-finesse ring filter and a ring filter are used to narrow the linewidth of the laser, respectively. We demonstrate tuning capabilities of a single laser over 28 nm between 1652 nm and 1680 nm by adjusting the polarization controller (PC) and tunable filter. The tunable laser has a 0.023 nm effective linewidth with the high-finesse ring filter. The stable multi-wavelength laser operation of up to four wavelengths can be obtained by adjusting the PC carefully when the pump power increases.
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Swager AF, Faber DJ, de Bruin DM, Weusten BL, Meijer SL, Bergman JJ, Curvers WL, van Leeuwen TG. Quantitative attenuation analysis for identification of early Barrett's neoplasia in volumetric laser endomicroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:86001. [PMID: 28777838 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.8.086001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Early neoplasia in Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is difficult to detect. Volumetric laser endomicroscopy (VLE) incorporates optical coherence tomography, providing a circumferential scan of the esophageal wall layers. The attenuation coefficient (μVLE) quantifies decay of detected backscattered light versus depth, and could potentially improve BE neoplasia detection. The aim is to investigate feasibility of μVLE for identification of early BE neoplasia. In vivo and ex vivo VLE scans with histological correlation from BE patients ± neoplasia were used. Quantification by μVLE was performed manually on areas of interest (AoIs) to differentiate neoplasia from nondysplastic (ND)BE. From ex vivo VLE scans from 16 patients (13 with neoplasia), 68 AoIs were analyzed. Median μVLE values (mm−1) were 3.7 [2.1 to 4.4 interquartile range (IQR)] for NDBE and 4.0 (2.5 to 4.9 IQR) for neoplasia, not statistically different (p=0.82). Fourteen in vivo scans were used: nine from neoplastic and five from NDBE patients. Median μVLE values were 1.8 (1.5 to 2.6 IQR) for NDBE and 2.1 (1.9 to 2.6 IQR) for neoplasia, with no statistically significant difference (p=0.37). In conclusion, there was no significant difference in μVLE values in VLE scans from early neoplasia versus NDBE. Future studies with a larger sample size should explore other quantitative methods for detection of neoplasia during BE surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Fre Swager
- , Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | - Dirk J Faber
- , Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | - Daniel M de Bruin
- , Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | - Bas L Weusten
- , Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | - Sybren L Meijer
- , Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | - Jacques J Bergman
- , Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | | | - Ton G van Leeuwen
- , Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam
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Kawagoe H, Yamanaka M, Nishizawa N. Axial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio in deep-tissue imaging with 1.7-μm high-resolution optical coherence tomography with an ultrabroadband laser source. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:85002. [PMID: 28777837 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.8.085002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the axial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) characteristics in deep-tissue imaging by 1.7-μm optical coherence tomography (OCT) with the axial resolution of 4.3 μm in tissue. Because 1.7-μm OCT requires a light source with a spectral width of more than 300 nm full-width at half maximum to achieve such high resolution, the axial resolution in the tissue might be degraded by spectral distortion and chromatic dispersion mismatching between the sample and reference arms. In addition, degradation of the axial resolution would also lead to reduced SNR. Here, we quantitatively evaluated the degradation of the axial resolution and the resulting decrease in SNR by measuring interference signals through a lipid mixture serving as a turbid tissue phantom with large scattering and absorption coefficients. Although the axial resolution was reduced by a factor of ∼6 after passing through a 2-mm-thick tissue phantom, our result clearly showed that compensation of the dispersion mismatching allowed us to achieve an axial resolution of 4.3 μm in tissue and improve the SNR by ∼5 dB compared with the case where dispersion mismatching was not compensated. This improvement was also confirmed in the observation of a hamster’s cheek pouch in a buffer solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kawagoe
- , Department of Quantum Engineering, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi
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18
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Aden A, Anthony A, Brigi C, Merchant MS, Siraj H, Tomlins PH. Dynamic measurement of the optical properties of bovine enamel demineralization models using four-dimensional optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:76020. [PMID: 28759676 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.7.076020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Dental enamel mineral loss is multifactorial and is consequently explored using a variety of in vitro models. Important factors include the presence of acidic pH and its specific ionic composition, which can both influence lesion characteristics. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been demonstrated as a promising tool for studying dental enamel demineralization. However, OCT-based characterization and comparison of demineralization model dynamics are challenging without a consistent experimental environment. Therefore, an automated four-dimensional OCT system was integrated with a multispecimen flow cell to measure and compare the optical properties of subsurface enamel demineralization in different models. This configuration was entirely automated, thus mitigating any need to disturb the specimens and ensuring spatial registration of OCT image volumes at multiple time points. Twelve bovine enamel disks were divided equally among three model groups. The model demineralization solutions were citric acid (pH 3.8), acetic acid (pH 4.0), and acetic acid with added calcium and phosphate (pH 4.4). Bovine specimens were exposed to the solution continuously for 48 h. Three-dimensional OCT data were obtained automatically from each specimen at a minimum of 1-h intervals from the same location within each specimen. Lesion dynamics were measured in terms of the depth below the surface to which the lesion extended and the attenuation coefficient. The net loss of surface enamel was also measured for comparison. Similarities between the dynamics of each model were observed, although there were also distinct characteristic differences. Notably, the attenuation coefficients showed a systematic offset and temporal shift with respect to the different models. Furthermore, the lesion depth curves displayed a discontinuous increase several hours after the initial acid challenge. This work demonstrated the capability of OCT to distinguish between different enamel demineralization models by making dynamic quantitative measurements of lesion properties. This has important implications for future applications in clinical dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdirahman Aden
- Queen Mary University of London, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arthi Anthony
- Queen Mary University of London, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carel Brigi
- Queen Mary University of London, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Sabih Merchant
- Queen Mary University of London, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Huda Siraj
- Queen Mary University of London, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter H Tomlins
- Queen Mary University of London, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
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19
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Dental Applications of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) in Cariology. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/app7050472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Yamanaka M, Teranishi T, Kawagoe H, Nishizawa N. Optical coherence microscopy in 1700 nm spectral band for high-resolution label-free deep-tissue imaging. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31715. [PMID: 27546517 PMCID: PMC4992836 DOI: 10.1038/srep31715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical coherence microscopy (OCM) is a label-free, high-resolution, three-dimensional (3D) imaging technique based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and confocal microscopy. Here, we report that the 1700-nm spectral band has the great potential to improve the imaging depth in high-resolution OCM imaging of animal tissues. Recent studies to improve the imaging depth in OCT revealed that the 1700-nm spectral band is a promising choice for imaging turbid scattering tissues due to the low attenuation of light in the wavelength region. In this study, we developed high-resolution OCM by using a high-power supercontinuum source in the 1700-nm spectral band, and compared the attenuation of signal-to-noise ratio between the 1700-nm and 1300-nm OCM imaging of a mouse brain under the condition of the same sensitivity. The comparison clearly showed that the 1700-nm OCM provides larger imaging depth than the 1300-nm OCM. In this 1700-nm OCM, the lateral resolution of 1.3 μm and the axial resolution of 2.8 μm, when a refractive index was assumed to be 1.38, was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Yamanaka
- Department of Quantum Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Teranishi
- Department of Quantum Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawagoe
- Department of Quantum Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Norihiko Nishizawa
- Department of Quantum Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8603, Japan
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21
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Brenner T, Reitzle D, Kienle A. Optical coherence tomography images simulated with an analytical solution of Maxwell's equations for cylinder scattering. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:45001. [PMID: 27032336 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.4.045001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An algorithm for the simulation of image formation in Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) for an infinitely long cylinder is presented. The analytical solution of Maxwell’s equations for light scattering by a single cylinder is employed for the case of perpendicular incidence to calculate OCT images. The A-scans and the time-resolved scattered intensities are compared to geometrical optics results calculated with a ray tracing approach. The reflection peaks, including the whispering gallery modes, are identified. Additionally, the Debye series expansion is employed to identify single peaks in the OCT A-scans. Furthermore, a Gaussian beam is implemented in order to simulate lateral scanning over the cylinder for two-dimensional B-scans. The fields are integrated over a certain angular range to simulate a detection aperture. In addition, the solution for light scattering by layered cylinders is employed and the various layers are identified in the resulting OCT image. Overall, the simulations in this work show that OCT images do not always display the real surface of investigated samples.
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22
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Meemon P, Yao J, Chu YJ, Zvietcovich F, Parker KJ, Rolland JP. Crawling wave optical coherence elastography. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:847-50. [PMID: 26974061 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.000847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Elastography is a technique that measures and maps the local elastic property of biological tissues. Aiming for detection of micron-scale inclusions, various optical elastography, especially optical coherence elastography (OCE), techniques have been investigated over the past decade. The challenges of current optical elastography methods include the decrease in elastographic resolution as compared with its parent imaging resolution, the detection sensitivity and accuracy, and the cost of the overall system. Here we report for the first time, we believe, on an elastography technique-crawling wave optical coherence elastography (CRW-OCE)-which significantly lowers the requirements on the imaging speed and opens the path to high-resolution and high-sensitivity OCE at relatively low cost. Methods of crawling wave excitation, data acquisition, and crawling wave tracking are presented.
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23
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Li C, Felz S, Wagner M, Lackner S, Horn H. Investigating biofilm structure developing on carriers from lab-scale moving bed biofilm reactors based on light microscopy and optical coherence tomography. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 200:128-36. [PMID: 26476614 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on characterizing the structure of biofilms developed on carriers used in lab-scale moving bed biofilm reactors. Both light microscopy (2D) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were employed to track the biofilm development on carriers of different geometry and under different aeration rates. Biofilm structure was further characterized with respect to average biofilm thickness, biofilm growth velocity, biomass volume, compartment filling degree, surface area, etc. The results showed that carriers with a smaller compartment size stimulated a quick establishment of biofilms. Low aeration rates favored fast development of biofilms. Comparison between the results derived from 2D and 3D images revealed comparable results with respect to average biofilm thickness and compartment filling degree before the carrier compartments were fully willed with biomass. However, 3D imaging with OCT was capable of visualizing and quantifying the heterogeneous structure of biofilms, which cannot be achieved using 2D imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Li
- Chair of Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Simon Felz
- Chair of Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Wagner
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Susanne Lackner
- Urban Material Flow Management Technologies, Bauhaus-Institute for Infrastructure Solutions, Bauhaus University Weimar, Coudraystraße 7, 99421 Weimar, Germany
| | - Harald Horn
- Chair of Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; DVGW Research Laboratories Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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24
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Semoun O, Coscas F, Coscas G, Lalloum F, Srour M, Souied EH. En face enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Br J Ophthalmol 2015; 100:1028-34. [PMID: 26541431 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-307494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyse retinal and choroidal changes associated with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) using en face spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). METHODS In this retrospective and descriptive study, we collected imaging of patients affected with PCV examined using enhanced depth imaging (EDI) SD-OCT, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography for a qualitative analysis. The three-dimensional reconstruction of 197 transverse sections with EDI SD-OCT at 30 μm intervals provided a virtual macular brick through which 496 sections in the coronal plane resulted in a C-scan or en face OCT image. RESULTS 30 eyes of 30 patients affected with PCV were studied. En face OCT revealed polyps as roundish structures visible deeper than pigment epithelium layer, attached to its posterior face, easily detected in all cases. Hyper-reflective dots were visible on en face OCT in all cases within the retinal layers, associated to a well-defined dark area suggesting serous exudation in 27 eyes. The abnormal choroidal network was identified in four eyes. At the Bruch membrane level, all polyps were associated with a localised back shadowing, and were no more visible at the choriocapillaris layer level. Large choroidal vessels were visible in all eyes, mainly at the polypoidal lesion periphery, not directly behind. CONCLUSIONS En face OCT imaging using SD-OCT is an easy, reproducible, non-invasive and effective tool to visualise and to understand retinal and choroidal changes PCV. It provides complementary morphological information, describes new semiological entities and might substitute other exams in the future, without dye injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oudy Semoun
- University Eye Clinic of Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Paris, France
| | - Florence Coscas
- University Eye Clinic of Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Paris, France Centre d'exploration Ophtalmologique de l'Odéon, Paris, France
| | - Gabriel Coscas
- University Eye Clinic of Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Paris, France Centre d'exploration Ophtalmologique de l'Odéon, Paris, France
| | - Franck Lalloum
- University Eye Clinic of Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Paris, France
| | - Mayer Srour
- University Eye Clinic of Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Paris, France
| | - Eric H Souied
- University Eye Clinic of Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Paris, France
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Klibanov AL, Hossack JA. Ultrasound in Radiology: From Anatomic, Functional, Molecular Imaging to Drug Delivery and Image-Guided Therapy. Invest Radiol 2015; 50:657-70. [PMID: 26200224 PMCID: PMC4580624 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During the past decade, ultrasound has expanded medical imaging well beyond the "traditional" radiology setting: a combination of portability, low cost, and ease of use makes ultrasound imaging an indispensable tool for radiologists as well as for other medical professionals who need to obtain imaging diagnosis or guide a therapeutic intervention quickly and efficiently. Ultrasound combines excellent ability for deep penetration into soft tissues with very good spatial resolution, with only a few exceptions (ie, those involving overlying bone or gas). Real-time imaging (up to hundreds and thousands of frames per second) enables guidance of therapeutic procedures and biopsies; characterization of the mechanical properties of the tissues greatly aids with the accuracy of the procedures. The ability of ultrasound to deposit energy locally brings about the potential for localized intervention encompassing the following: tissue ablation, enhancing penetration through the natural barriers to drug delivery in the body and triggering drug release from carrier microparticles and nanoparticles. The use of microbubble contrast agents brings the ability to monitor and quantify tissue perfusion, and microbubble targeting with ligand-decorated microbubbles brings the ability to obtain molecular biomarker information, that is, ultrasound molecular imaging. Overall, ultrasound has become the most widely used imaging modality in modern medicine; it will continue to grow and expand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L Klibanov
- From the *Cardiovascular Division, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, and †Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA
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26
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Muller BG, de Bruin DM, van den Bos W, Brandt MJ, Velu JF, Bus MTJ, Faber DJ, Savci D, Zondervan PJ, de Reijke TM, Pes PL, de la Rosette J, van Leeuwen TG. Prostate cancer diagnosis: the feasibility of needle-based optical coherence tomography. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2015; 2:037501. [PMID: 26171414 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.2.3.037501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of needle-based optical coherence tomography (OCT) and functional analysis of OCT data along the full pullback trajectory of the OCT measurement in the prostate, correlated with pathology. OCT images were recorded using a commercially available C7-XR™ OCT Intravascular Imaging System interfaced to a C7 Dragonfly™ intravascular 0.9-mm-diameter imaging probe. A computer program was constructed for automated image attenuation analysis. First, calibration of the OCT system for both the point spread function and the system roll-off was achieved by measurement of the OCT signal attenuation from an extremely weakly scattering medium (Intralipid® 0.0005 volume%). Second, the data were arranged in 31 radial wedges (pie slices) per circular segments consisting of 16 A-scans per wedge and 5 axial B-scans, resulting in an average A-scan per wedge. Third, the decay of the OCT signal is analyzed over 50 pixels ([Formula: see text]) in depth, starting from the first found maximum data point. Fourth, for visualization, the data were grouped with a corresponding color representing a specific [Formula: see text] range according to their attenuation coefficient. Finally, the analyses were compared to histopathology. To ensure that each single use sterile imaging probe is comparable to the measurements of the other imaging probes, the probe-to-probe variations were analyzed by measuring attenuation coefficients of 0.03, 6.5, 11.4, 17, and 22.7 volume% Intralipid®. Experiments were repeated five times per probe for four probes. Inter- and intraprobe variation in the measured attenuation of Intralipid samples with scattering properties similar to that of the prostate was [Formula: see text] of the mean values. Mean attenuation coefficients in the prostate were [Formula: see text] for parts of the tissue that were classified as benign (SD: [Formula: see text], minimum: [Formula: see text], maximum: [Formula: see text]) and [Formula: see text] for parts of tissue that were classified as malignant (SD: [Formula: see text], minimum: [Formula: see text], maximum: [Formula: see text]). In benign areas, the tissue looked homogeneous, whereas in malignant areas, small glandular structures were seen. However, not all areas in which a high attenuation coefficient became apparent corresponded to areas of prostate cancer. This paper describes the first in-tissue needle-based OCT imaging and three-dimensional optical attenuation analysis of prostate tissue that indicates a correlation with pathology. Fully automated attenuation coefficient analysis was performed at 1300 nm over the full pullback. Correlation with pathology was achieved by coregistration of three-dimensional (3-D) OCT attenuation maps with 3-D pathology of the prostate. This may contribute to the current challenge of prostate imaging and the rising interest in focal therapy for reduction of side effects occurring with current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berrend G Muller
- University of Amsterdam , Academic Medical Center, Department of Urology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel M de Bruin
- University of Amsterdam , Academic Medical Center, Department of Urology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands ; University of Amsterdam , Academic Medical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Willemien van den Bos
- University of Amsterdam , Academic Medical Center, Department of Urology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Martin J Brandt
- University of Amsterdam , Academic Medical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Juliette F Velu
- University of Amsterdam , Academic Medical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Mieke T J Bus
- University of Amsterdam , Academic Medical Center, Department of Urology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Faber
- University of Amsterdam , Academic Medical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Dilara Savci
- University of Amsterdam , Academic Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia J Zondervan
- University of Amsterdam , Academic Medical Center, Department of Urology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Theo M de Reijke
- University of Amsterdam , Academic Medical Center, Department of Urology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Pilar Laguna Pes
- University of Amsterdam , Academic Medical Center, Department of Urology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Jean de la Rosette
- University of Amsterdam , Academic Medical Center, Department of Urology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Ton G van Leeuwen
- University of Amsterdam , Academic Medical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
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27
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Wagstaff PG, Swaan A, Ingels A, Zondervan PJ, van Delden OM, Faber DJ, van Leeuwen TG, de la Rosette JJ, de Bruin DM, Laguna Pes MP. In vivo, percutaneous, needle based, optical coherence tomography of renal masses. J Vis Exp 2015:52574. [PMID: 25867845 PMCID: PMC4401379 DOI: 10.3791/52574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is the optical equivalent of ultrasound imaging, based on the backscattering of near infrared light. OCT provides real time images with a 15 µm axial resolution at an effective tissue penetration of 2-3 mm. Within the OCT images the loss of signal intensity per millimeter of tissue penetration, the attenuation coefficient, is calculated. The attenuation coefficient is a tissue specific property, providing a quantitative parameter for tissue differentiation. Until now, renal mass treatment decisions have been made primarily on the basis of MRI and CT imaging characteristics, age and comorbidity. However these parameters and diagnostic methods lack the finesse to truly detect the malignant potential of a renal mass. A successful core biopsy or fine needle aspiration provides objective tumor differentiation with both sensitivity and specificity in the range of 95-100%. However, a non-diagnostic rate of 10-20% overall, and even up to 30% in SRMs, is to be expected, delaying the diagnostic process due to the frequent necessity for additional biopsy procedures. We aim to develop OCT into an optical biopsy, providing real-time imaging combined with on-the-spot tumor differentiation. This publication provides a detailed step-by-step approach for percutaneous, needle based, OCT of renal masses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abel Swaan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center
| | | | | | | | - Dirk J Faber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center
| | - Ton G van Leeuwen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center
| | | | - Daniel M de Bruin
- Department of Urology, Academic Medical Center; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center
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28
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Yu L, Kang J, Jinata C, Wang X, Wei X, Chan KT, Lee NP, Wong KKY. Tri-band spectroscopic optical coherence tomography based on optical parametric amplification for lipid and vessel visualization. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:126006. [PMID: 26677071 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.12.126006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A tri-band spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (SOCT) system has been implemented for visualization of lipid and blood vessel distribution. The tri-band swept source, which covers output spectrum in 1.3, 1.5, and 1.6 μm wavelength windows, is based on a dual-band Fourier domain mode-locked laser and a fiber optical parametric amplifier. This tri-band SOCT can further differentiate materials, e.g., lipid and artery, qualitatively by contrasting attenuation coefficients difference within any two of these bands. Furthermore, ex vivo imaging of both porcine artery with artificial lipid plaque phantom and mice with coronary artery disease were demonstrated to showcase the capability of our SOCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoqin Yu
- The University of Hong Kong, Photonic Systems Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiqiang Kang
- The University of Hong Kong, Photonic Systems Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chandra Jinata
- The University of Hong Kong, Photonic Systems Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xie Wang
- The University of Hong Kong, Photonic Systems Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoming Wei
- The University of Hong Kong, Photonic Systems Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin Tak Chan
- The University of Hong Kong, Department of Surgery, Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nikki P Lee
- The University of Hong Kong, Department of Surgery, Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth K Y Wong
- The University of Hong Kong, Photonic Systems Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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29
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Cheung CS, Daniel JMO, Tokurakawa M, Clarkson WA, Liang H. Optical coherence tomography in the 2-μm wavelength regime for paint and other high opacity materials. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:6509-12. [PMID: 25490506 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.006509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
An optical coherence tomography system using a compact fiber source emitting amplified spontaneous emission at central wavelength of 1960 nm with bandwidth of 40 nm is developed to enhance the probing depth in a highly scattering material with low water content. Examples of application to paint are used to demonstrate significantly improved penetration depth in high opacity materials in the 2-μm wavelength regime.
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30
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Rocha U, Kumar KU, Jacinto C, Villa I, Sanz-Rodríguez F, Iglesias de la Cruz MDC, Juarranz A, Carrasco E, van Veggel FCJM, Bovero E, Solé JG, Jaque D. Neodymium-doped LaF(3) nanoparticles for fluorescence bioimaging in the second biological window. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:1141-54. [PMID: 24123958 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201301716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The future perspective of fluorescence imaging for real in vivo application are based on novel efficient nanoparticles which is able to emit in the second biological window (1000-1400 nm). In this work, the potential application of Nd(3+) -doped LaF(3) (Nd(3+) :LaF(3) ) nanoparticles is reported for fluorescence bioimaging in both the first and second biological windows based on their three main emission channels of Nd(3+) ions: (4) F(3/2) →(4) I(9/2) , (4) F(3/2) →(4) I(11/2) and (4) F(3/2) →(4) I(13/2) that lead to emissions at around 910, 1050, and 1330 nm, respectively. By systematically comparing the relative emission intensities, penetration depths and subtissue optical dispersion of each transition we propose that optimum subtissue images based on Nd(3+) :LaF(3) nanoparticles are obtained by using the (4) F3/2 →(4) I11/2 (1050 nm) emission band (lying in the second biological window) instead of the traditionally used (4) F(3/2) →(4) I(9/2) (910 nm, in the first biological window). After determining the optimum emission channel, it is used to obtain both in vitro and in vivo images by the controlled incorporation of Nd(3+) :LaF(3) nanoparticles in cancer cells and mice. Nd(3+) :LaF(3)nanoparticles thus emerge as very promising fluorescent nanoprobes for bioimaging in the second biological window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ueslen Rocha
- Grupo de Fotônica e Fluidos Complexos Instituto de Física Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
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31
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Kawagoe H, Ishida S, Aramaki M, Sakakibara Y, Omoda E, Kataura H, Nishizawa N. Development of a high power supercontinuum source in the 1.7 μm wavelength region for highly penetrative ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:932-43. [PMID: 24688825 PMCID: PMC3959847 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.000932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We developed a high power supercontinuum source at a center wavelength of 1.7 μm to demonstrate highly penetrative ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography (UHR-OCT). A single-wall carbon nanotube dispersed in polyimide film was used as a transparent saturable absorber in the cavity configuration and a high-repetition-rate ultrashort-pulse fiber laser was realized. The developed SC source had an output power of 60 mW, a bandwidth of 242 nm full-width at half maximum, and a repetition rate of 110 MHz. The average power and repetition rate were approximately twice as large as those of our previous SC source [20]. Using the developed SC source, UHR-OCT imaging was demonstrated. A sensitivity of 105 dB and an axial resolution of 3.2 μm in biological tissue were achieved. We compared the UHR-OCT images of some biological tissue samples measured with the developed SC source, the previous one, and one operating in the 1.3 μm wavelength region. We confirmed that the developed SC source had improved sensitivity and penetration depth for low-water-absorption samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Kawagoe
- Dept. Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - S. Ishida
- Dept. Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - M. Aramaki
- Dept. Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Y. Sakakibara
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
- JST, CREST, Kawaguchi, Saitama 330-0012, Japan
| | - E. Omoda
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - H. Kataura
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
- JST, CREST, Kawaguchi, Saitama 330-0012, Japan
| | - N. Nishizawa
- Dept. Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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32
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Reduction in choroidal thickness of macular area in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy patients after intravitreal ranibizumab therapy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2013; 251:2415-20. [PMID: 23864437 PMCID: PMC3777170 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-013-2419-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate changes in retinal and choroidal thickness changes after three intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) injections for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) using enhanced depth-imaging-optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). Methods In this retrospective, observational case series, EDI-OCT was used to measure changes in choroidal thickness at nine points in a lattice shape in the macula before and after introductory-stage IVR. Results Choroidal thickness was decreased at all nine points in the lattice shape, but was significantly decreased only at the fovea. Conclusion The subfoveal choroidal thickness may be reduced by introductory-stage IVR in patients with PCV. In particular, choroidal thickness at the fovea was reduced during the early stage of treatment.
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33
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Rangarajan B, Kovalgin AY, Wörhoff K, Schmitz J. Low-temperature deposition of high-quality silicon oxynitride films for CMOS-integrated optics. OPTICS LETTERS 2013; 38:941-943. [PMID: 23503267 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.000941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The growth of silicon oxynitride thin films applying remote inductively coupled, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition is optimized toward high optical quality at a deposition temperature as low as 150°C. Propagation losses of 0.5±0.05 dB/cm, 1.6±0.2 dB/cm, and 0.6±0.06 dB/cm are measured on as-deposited waveguides for wavelengths of 1300, 1550, and 1600 nm, respectively. Films were deposited onto a 0.25 μm technology mixed-signal CMOS chip to show the application perspective for three-dimensional integrated optoelectronic chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rangarajan
- Group of Semiconductor Components, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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34
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Coleman AJ, Richardson TJ, Orchard G, Uddin A, Choi MJ, Lacy KE. Histological correlates of optical coherence tomography in non-melanoma skin cancer. Skin Res Technol 2012; 19:10-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2012.00626.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew John Coleman
- Medical Physics Department; Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; London
| | | | - Guy Orchard
- Dermatopathology Department; St John's Institute of Dermatology; London
| | - Ayesha Uddin
- Medical Physics Department; Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; London
| | - Min Joo Choi
- Medical Physics Department; Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; London
| | - Katie Elizabeth Lacy
- Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy Unit; St John's Institute of Dermatology; London
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35
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Liu T, Wei Q, Song W, Burke JM, Jiao S, Zhang HF. Near-infrared light photoacoustic ophthalmoscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 3:792-9. [PMID: 22574266 PMCID: PMC3345807 DOI: 10.1364/boe.3.000792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We achieved photoacoustic ophthalmoscopy (PAOM) imaging of the retina with near-infrared (NIR) light illumination. A PAOM imaging system with dual-wavelength illumination at 1064 nm and 532 nm was built. We compared in vivo imaging results of both albino and pigmented rat eyes at the two wavelengths. The results show that the bulk optical absorption of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is only slightly higher than that of the retinal vessels at 532 nm while it becomes more than an order of magnitude higher than that of the retinal vessels at 1064 nm. These studies suggest that although visible light illumination is suitable for imaging both the retinal vessels and the RPE, NIR light illumination, being more comfortable to the eye, is better suited for RPE melanin related investigations and diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Qing Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Da-Zhi Street Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, China
| | - Janice M. Burke
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Medical College of Wisconsin, 925 N. 87th Street, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Shuliang Jiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Hao F. Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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36
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Beaudette K, Strupler M, Benboujja F, Parent S, Aubin CE, Boudoux C. Optical coherence tomography for the identification of musculoskeletal structures of the spine: a pilot study. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 3:533-542. [PMID: 22435100 PMCID: PMC3296540 DOI: 10.1364/boe.3.000533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a complex three-dimensional deformity of the spine requiring in severe cases invasive surgery. Here, we explore the potential of optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a guiding tool for novel fusionless minimally invasive spinal surgeries on an ex vivo porcine model. We show that OCT, despite its limited penetration depth, may be used to precisely locate structures such as growth plate, bone and intervertebral disk using relative attenuation coefficients. We further demonstrate a segmentation algorithm that locates growth plates automatically on en-face OCT reconstructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Beaudette
- Engineering Physics Department, École Polytechnique de Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, 3175, Côte Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mathias Strupler
- Engineering Physics Department, École Polytechnique de Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, 3175, Côte Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fouzi Benboujja
- Engineering Physics Department, École Polytechnique de Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, 3175, Côte Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stefan Parent
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, 3175, Côte Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carl-Eric Aubin
- Mechanical Engineering Department, École Polytechnique de Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, 3175, Côte Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caroline Boudoux
- Engineering Physics Department, École Polytechnique de Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, 3175, Côte Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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37
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Jiao Y, Tilma BW, Kotani J, Nötzel R, Smit MK, He S, Bente EAJM. InAs/InP(100) quantum dot waveguide photodetectors for swept-source optical coherence tomography around 1.7 µm. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:3675-3692. [PMID: 22418126 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.003675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this paper a study of waveguide photodetectors based on InAs/InP(100) quantum dot (QD) active material are presented for the first time. These detectors are fabricated using the layer stack of semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) and are compatible with the active-passive integration technology. We investigated dark current, responsivity as well as spectral response and bandwidth of the detectors. It is demonstrated that the devices meet the requirements for swept-source optical coherent tomography (SS-OCT) around 1.7 μm. A rate equation model for QD-SOAs was modified and applied to the results to understand the dynamics of the devices. The model showed a good match to the measurements in the 1.6 to 1.8 μm wavelength range by fitting only one of the carrier escape rates. An equivalent circuit model was used to determine the capacitances which dominated the electrical bandwidth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Jiao
- COBRA Research Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, the Netherlands.
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38
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Ishida S, Nishizawa N. Quantitative comparison of contrast and imaging depth of ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography images in 800-1700 nm wavelength region. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 3:282-94. [PMID: 22312581 PMCID: PMC3269845 DOI: 10.1364/boe.3.000282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the wavelength dependence of imaging depth and clearness of structure in ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography over a wide wavelength range. We quantitatively compared the optical properties of samples using supercontinuum sources at five wavelengths, 800 nm, 1060 nm, 1300 nm, 1550 nm, and 1700 nm, with the same system architecture. For samples of industrially used homogeneous materials with low water absorption, the attenuation coefficients of the samples were fitted using Rayleigh scattering theory. We confirmed that the systems with the longer-wavelength sources had lower scattering coefficients and less dependence on the sample materials. For a biomedical sample, we observed wavelength dependence of the attenuation coefficient, which can be explained by absorption by water and hemoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutaro Ishida
- Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Norihiko Nishizawa
- Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
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39
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Kodach VM, Faber DJ, van Marle J, van Leeuwen TG, Kalkman J. Determination of the scattering anisotropy with optical coherence tomography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:6131-40. [PMID: 21451637 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.006131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this work we demonstrate measurements with optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the scattering phase function in the backward direction and the scattering anisotropy parameter g. Measurements of the OCT attenuation coefficient and the backscattering amplitude are performed on calibrated polystyrene microspheres with a time-domain OCT system. From these measurements the phase function in the backward direction is determined. The measurements are described by the single scattering model and match Mie calculations very well. Measurements on Intralipid demonstrate the ability to determine the g of polydisperse samples and, for Intralipid, g = 0.35 ± 0.03 is measured, which is well in agreement with g from literature. These measurements are validated using the Intralipid particle size distribution determined from TEM measurements. Measurements of g and the scattering phase function in the backward direction can be used to monitor changes in backscattering, which can indicate morphological changes of the sample or act as contrast enhancement mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Kodach
- Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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