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Nanoparticles for Topical Application in the Treatment of Skin Dysfunctions-An Overview of Dermo-Cosmetic and Dermatological Products. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415980. [PMID: 36555619 PMCID: PMC9780930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NM) arouse interest in various fields of science and industry due to their composition-tunable properties and the ease of modification. They appear currently as components of many consumer products such as sunscreen, dressings, sports clothes, surface-cleaning agents, computer devices, paints, as well as pharmaceutical and cosmetics formulations. The use of NPs in products for topical applications improves the permeation/penetration of the bioactive compounds into deeper layers of the skin, providing a depot effect with sustained drug release and specific cellular and subcellular targeting. Nanocarriers provide advances in dermatology and systemic treatments. Examples are a non-invasive method of vaccination, advanced diagnostic techniques, and transdermal drug delivery. The mechanism of action of NPs, efficiency of skin penetration, and potential threat to human health are still open and not fully explained. This review gives a brief outline of the latest nanotechnology achievements in products used in topical applications to prevent and treat skin diseases. We highlighted aspects such as the penetration of NPs through the skin (influence of physical-chemical properties of NPs, the experimental models for skin penetration, methods applied to improve the penetration of NPs through the skin, and methods applied to investigate the skin penetration by NPs). The review summarizes various therapies using NPs to diagnose and treat skin diseases (melanoma, acne, alopecia, vitiligo, psoriasis) and anti-aging and UV-protectant nano-cosmetics.
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Cakir-Aktas C, Erdener SE, Teke B, Bozdag Pehlivan S, Zeybek ND, Taskiran-Sag A, Kaya Z, Dalkara T, Mut M. Confocal reflectance microscopy for metal and lipid nanoparticle visualization in the brain. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:447-460. [PMID: 35142565 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A requirement for nanoparticle (NP) research is visualization of particles within cells and tissues. Limitations of electron microscopy and low yields of NP fluorescent tagging warrant the identification of alternative imaging techniques. Method: Confocal reflectance microscopy (CRM) in combination with fluorescence imaging was assessed for visualizing rhodamine B-conjugated silver and fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated lipid core-stearylamine NP uptake in vitro and in vivo. Results: CRM successfully identified cellular uptake and blood-brain barrier penetration of NPs owing to their distinguishing refractive indices. NP-dependent reflectance signals in vitro were dose and incubation time dependent. Finally, CRM facilitated the distinction between nonspecific fluorescence signals and NPs. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate the value of CRM for NP visualization in tissues, which can be performed with a standard confocal microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Cakir-Aktas
- Hacettepe University, Institute of Neurological Sciences & Psychiatry, Ankara, 06230, Turkey
| | - Sefik Evren Erdener
- Hacettepe University, Institute of Neurological Sciences & Psychiatry, Ankara, 06230, Turkey
| | - Büşra Teke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, 06230, Turkey
| | - Sibel Bozdag Pehlivan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, 06230, Turkey
| | - Naciye Dilara Zeybek
- Department of Histology & Embryology, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, 06230, Turkey
| | - Aslihan Taskiran-Sag
- Hacettepe University, Institute of Neurological Sciences & Psychiatry, Ankara, 06230, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Kaya
- Hacettepe University, Institute of Neurological Sciences & Psychiatry, Ankara, 06230, Turkey
| | - Turgay Dalkara
- Hacettepe University, Institute of Neurological Sciences & Psychiatry, Ankara, 06230, Turkey
| | - Melike Mut
- Hacettepe University, Institute of Neurological Sciences & Psychiatry, Ankara, 06230, Turkey.,Department of Neurosurgery, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, 06230, Turkey
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Characterization of microneedles and microchannels for enhanced transdermal drug delivery. Ther Deliv 2021; 12:77-103. [DOI: 10.4155/tde-2020-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microneedle (MN)-based technologies are currently one of the most innovative approaches that are being extensively investigated for transdermal delivery of low molecular weight drugs, biotherapeutic agents and vaccines. Extensive research reports, describing the fabrication and applications of different types of MNs, can be readily found in the literature. Effective characterization tools to evaluate the quality and performance of the MNs as well as for determination of the dimensional and kinetic properties of the microchannels created in the skin, are an essential and critical part of MN-based research. This review paper provides a comprehensive account of all such tools and techniques.
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Jatana S, Palmer BC, Phelan SJ, Gelein R, DeLouise LA. In vivo quantification of quantum dot systemic transport in C57BL/6 hairless mice following skin application post-ultraviolet radiation. Part Fibre Toxicol 2017; 14:12. [PMID: 28410606 PMCID: PMC5391571 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-017-0191-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous work has demonstrated size, surface charge and skin barrier dependent penetration of nanoparticles into the viable layers of mouse skin. The goal of this work was to characterize the tissue distribution and mechanism of transport of nanoparticles beyond skin, with and without Ultraviolet Radiation (UVR) induced skin barrier disruption. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), flow cytometry and confocal microscopy were used to examine the effect of UVR dose (180 and 360 mJ/cm2 UVB) on the skin penetration and systemic distribution of quantum dot (QD) nanoparticles topically applied at different time-points post UVR using a hairless C57BL/6 mouse model. RESULTS Results indicate that QDs can penetrate mouse skin, regardless of UVR exposure, as evidenced by the increased cadmium in the local lymph nodes of all QD treated mice. The average % recovery for all treatment groups was 69.68% with ~66.84% of the applied dose recovered from the skin (both epicutaneous and intracutaneous). An average of 0.024% of the applied dose was recovered from the lymph nodes across various treatment groups. When QDs are applied 4 days post UV irradiation, at the peak of the skin barrier defect and LC migration to the local lymph node, there is an increased cellular presence of QD in the lymph node; however, AAS analysis of local lymph nodes display no difference in cadmium levels due to UVR treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggests that Langerhans cells (LCs) can engulf QDs in skin, but transport to the lymph node may occur by both cellular (dendritic and macrophage) and non-cellular mechanisms. It is interesting that these specific nanoparticles were retained in skin similarly regardless of UVR barrier disruption, but the observed skin immune cell interaction with nanoparticles suggest a potential for immunomodulation, which we are currently examining in a murine model of skin allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samreen Jatana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Brian C Palmer
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Sarah J Phelan
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Robert Gelein
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Lisa A DeLouise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA. .,Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Dermatology and Biomedical Engineering, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 697, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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Guggenheim EJ, Khan A, Pike J, Chang L, Lynch I, Rappoport JZ. Comparison of Confocal and Super-Resolution Reflectance Imaging of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159980. [PMID: 27695038 PMCID: PMC5047631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential for human exposure to manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) has increased in recent years, in part through the incorporation of engineered particles into a wide range of commercial goods and medical applications. NP are ideal candidates for use as therapeutic and diagnostic tools within biomedicine, however concern exists regarding their efficacy and safety. Thus, developing techniques for the investigation of NP uptake into cells is critically important. Current intracellular NP investigations rely on the use of either Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), which provides ultrahigh resolution, but involves cumbersome sample preparation rendering the technique incompatible with live cell imaging, or fluorescent labelling, which suffers from photobleaching, poor bioconjugation and, often, alteration of NP surface properties. Reflected light imaging provides an alternative non-destructive label free technique well suited, but not limited to, the visualisation of NP uptake within model systems, such as cells. Confocal reflectance microscopy provides optical sectioning and live imaging capabilities, with little sample preparation. However confocal microscopy is diffraction limited, thus the X-Y resolution is restricted to ~250 nm, substantially larger than the <100 nm size of NPs. Techniques such as super-resolution light microscopy overcome this fundamental limitation, providing increased X-Y resolution. The use of Reflectance SIM (R-SIM) for NP imaging has previously only been demonstrated on custom built microscopes, restricting the widespread use and limiting NP investigations. This paper demonstrates the use of a commercial SIM microscope for the acquisition of super-resolution reflectance data with X-Y resolution of 115 nm, a greater than two-fold increase compared to that attainable with RCM. This increase in resolution is advantageous for visualising small closely spaced structures, such as NP clusters, previously unresolvable by RCM. This is advantageous when investigating the subcellular trafficking of NP within fluorescently labelled cellular compartments. NP signal can be observed using RCM, R-SIM and TEM and a direct comparison is presented. Each of these techniques has its own benefits and limitations; RCM and R-SIM provide novel complementary information while the combination of modalities provides a unique opportunity to gain additional information regarding NP uptake. The use of multiple imaging methods therefore greatly enhances the range of NPs that can be studied under label-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Guggenheim
- Physical Science of Imaging in the Biomedical Sciences (PSIBS) Doctoral Training Centre (DTC), Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Abdullah Khan
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Pike
- Physical Science of Imaging in the Biomedical Sciences (PSIBS) Doctoral Training Centre (DTC), Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lynne Chang
- Nikon Instruments, Inc. Melville, New York, United States of America
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua Z. Rappoport
- Center for Advanced Microscopy, and Nikon Imaging Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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Mortensen LJ, Alt C, Turcotte R, Masek M, Liu TM, Côté DC, Xu C, Intini G, Lin CP. Femtosecond laser bone ablation with a high repetition rate fiber laser source. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:32-42. [PMID: 25657872 PMCID: PMC4317121 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond laser pulses can be used to perform very precise cutting of material, including biological samples from subcellular organelles to large areas of bone, through plasma-mediated ablation. The use of a kilohertz regenerative amplifier is usually needed to obtain the pulse energy required for ablation. This work investigates a 5 megahertz compact fiber laser for near-video rate imaging and ablation in bone. After optimization of ablation efficiency and reduction in autofluorescence, the system is demonstrated for the in vivo study of bone regeneration. Image-guided creation of a bone defect and longitudinal evaluation of cellular injury response in the defect provides insight into the bone regeneration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J. Mortensen
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts,
USA
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,
USA
| | - Clemens Alt
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,
USA
| | - Raphaël Turcotte
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,
USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts,
USA
| | - Marissa Masek
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,
USA
| | - Tzu-Ming Liu
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,
USA
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei,
Taiwan
| | - Daniel C. Côté
- Centre de Recherche Université Laval Robert-Giffard, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J2G3,
Canada
| | - Chris Xu
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York,
USA
| | - Giuseppe Intini
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts,
USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
USA
- Co-corresponding authors
| | - Charles P. Lin
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,
USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
USA
- Co-corresponding authors
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Structural characterisation and transdermal delivery studies on sugar microneedles: Experimental and finite element modelling analyses. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 89:224-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mortensen LJ, Jatana S, Gelein R, De Benedetto A, De Mesy Bentley KL, Beck L, Elder A, DeLouise LA. Quantification of quantum dot murine skin penetration with UVR barrier impairment. Nanotoxicology 2013; 7:1386-98. [PMID: 23078247 PMCID: PMC3816392 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2012.741726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) skin exposure is a common exogenous insult that can alter skin barrier and immune functions. With the growing presence of nanoparticles (NPs) in consumer goods and technological applications the potential for NPs to contact UVR-exposed skin is increasing. Therefore it is important to understand the effect of UVR on NP skin penetration and the potential for systemic translocation. Previous studies qualitatively showed that UVR skin exposure can increase the penetration of NPs below the stratum corneum. In this work, an in vivo mouse model was used to quantitatively examine the skin penetration of carboxylated (CdSe/ZnS, core/shell) quantum dots (QDs) through intact and UVR barrier-disrupted murine skin by organ Cd mass analysis. Transepidermal water loss was used to measure the magnitude of the skin barrier defect as a function of UVR dose and time post-UVR exposure. QDs were applied to mice 3-4 days post-UVR exposure at the peak of the skin barrier disruption. Our results reveal unexpected trends that suggest these negative-charged QDs can penetrate barrier intact skin and that penetration and systemic transport depends on the QD application time post-UVR exposure. The effect of UVR on skin-resident dendritic cells and their role in the systemic translocation of these QDs are described. Our results suggest that NP skin penetration and translocation may depend on the specific barrier insult and the inflammatory status of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samreen Jatana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester, NY, 14642
| | - Robert Gelein
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Rochester, NY, 14642
| | - Anna De Benedetto
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642
| | | | - Lisa Beck
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642
| | - Alison Elder
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Rochester, NY, 14642
| | - Lisa A. DeLouise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester, NY, 14642
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642
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Mortensen LJ, Levy O, Phillips JP, Stratton T, Triana B, Ruiz JP, Gu F, Karp JM, Lin CP. Quantification of Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) delivery to a target site using in vivo confocal microscopy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78145. [PMID: 24205131 PMCID: PMC3812161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to deliver cells to appropriate target tissues is a prerequisite for successful cell-based therapy. To optimize cell therapy it is therefore necessary to develop a robust method of in vivo cell delivery quantification. Here we examine Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) labeled with a series of 4 membrane dyes from which we select the optimal dye combination for pair-wise comparisons of delivery to inflamed tissue in the mouse ear using confocal fluorescence imaging. The use of an optimized dye pair for simultaneous tracking of two cell populations in the same animal enables quantification of a test population that is referenced to an internal control population, thereby eliminating intra-subject variations and variations in injected cell numbers. Consistent results were obtained even when the administered cell number varied by more than an order of magnitude, demonstrating an ability to neutralize one of the largest sources of in vivo experimental error and to greatly reduce the number of cells required to evaluate cell delivery. With this method, we are able to show a small but significant increase in the delivery of cytokine pre-treated MSCs (TNF-α & IFN-γ) compared to control MSCs. Our results suggest future directions for screening cell strategies using our in vivo cell delivery assay, which may be useful to develop methods to maximize cell therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J. Mortensen
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Oren Levy
- Center For Regenerative Therapeutics & Department of Medicine Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joseph P. Phillips
- Center For Regenerative Therapeutics & Department of Medicine Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tara Stratton
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Brian Triana
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Juan P. Ruiz
- Center For Regenerative Therapeutics & Department of Medicine Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Fangqi Gu
- Center For Regenerative Therapeutics & Department of Medicine Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey M. Karp
- Center For Regenerative Therapeutics & Department of Medicine Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Charles P. Lin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
What are nanoparticles and why are they important in dermatology? These questions are addressed by highlighting recent developments in the nanotechnology field that have increased the potential for intentional and unintentional nanoparticle skin exposure. The role of environmental factors in the interaction of nanoparticles with skin and the potential mechanisms by which nanoparticles may influence skin response to environmental factors are discussed. Trends emerging from recent literature suggest that the positive benefit of engineered nanoparticles for use in cosmetics and as tools for understanding skin biology and curing skin disease outweigh potential toxicity concerns. Discoveries reported in this journal are highlighted. This review begins with a general introduction to the field of nanotechnology and nanomedicine. This is followed by a discussion of the current state of understanding of nanoparticle skin penetration and their use in three therapeutic applications. Challenges that must be overcome to derive clinical benefit from the application of nanotechnology to skin are discussed last, providing perspective on the significant opportunity that exists for future studies in investigative dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A DeLouise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
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