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Sieryi O, Ushenko Y, Ushenko V, Dubolazov O, Syvokorovskaya AV, Vanchulyak O, Ushenko AG, Gorsky M, Tomka Y, Bykov A, Yan W, Meglinski I. Optical anisotropy composition of benign and malignant prostate tissues revealed by Mueller-matrix imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:6019-6034. [PMID: 36733722 PMCID: PMC9872883 DOI: 10.1364/boe.464420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A Mueller matrix imaging approach is employed to disclose the three-dimensional composition framework of optical anisotropy within cancerous biotissues. Visualized by the Mueller matrix technique spatial architecture of optical anisotropy of tissues is characterised by high-order statistical moments. Thus, quantitative analysis of the spatial distribution of optical anisotropy, such as linear and circular birefringence and dichroism, is revealed by using high-order statistical moments, enabling definitively discriminate prostate adenoma and carcinoma. The developed approach provides greater (>90%) accuracy of diagnostic achieved by using either the 3-rd or 4-th order statistical moments of the linear anisotropy parameters. Noticeable difference is observed between prostate adenoma and carcinoma tissue samples in terms of the extinction coefficient and the degree of depolarisation. Juxtaposition to other optical diagnostic modalities demonstrates the greater accuracy of the approach described herein, paving the way for its wider application in cancer diagnosis and tissue characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksii Sieryi
- Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Yuriy Ushenko
- Optics and Publishing Department, Chernivtsi National University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | - Volodimir Ushenko
- Optics and Publishing Department, Chernivtsi National University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | - Olexander Dubolazov
- Optics and Publishing Department, Chernivtsi National University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | | | - Oleh Vanchulyak
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Medical Law, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | - Alexander G. Ushenko
- Optics and Publishing Department, Chernivtsi National University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
- College of Electrical Engineering, Taizhou Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Taizhou, China
| | - Mykhailo Gorsky
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Medical Law, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | - Yuriy Tomka
- Optics and Publishing Department, Chernivtsi National University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | - Alexander Bykov
- Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Wenjun Yan
- College of Electrical Engineering, Taizhou Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Taizhou, China
| | - Igor Meglinski
- Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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2
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Liu YR, He HH, Wu J. Differentiation of Human GBM From Non-GBM Brain Tissue With Polarization Imaging Technique. Front Oncol 2022; 12:863682. [PMID: 35574382 PMCID: PMC9095988 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.863682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
As for optical techniques, it is difficult for the 5-aminolevulinic (5-ALA) fluorescence guidance technique to completely detect glioma due to residual cells in the blind area and the dead angle of vision under microscopy. The purpose of this research is to characterize different microstructural information and optical properties of formalin-soaked unstained glioblastoma (GBM) and non-GBM tissue with the polarization imaging technique (PIT), and provide a novel method to detect GBM during surgery. In this paper, a 3×3 Mueller matrix polarization experimental system in backscattering mode was built to detect the GBM and non-GBM tissue bulk. The Mueller matrix decomposition and transformation parameters of GBM and non-GBM tissue were calculated and analyzed, and showed that parameters (1−Δ) and t are good indicators for distinguishing GBM from non-GBM tissues. Furthermore, the central moment coefficients (CMCs) of the frequency distribution histogram (FDH) were also calculated and used to distinguish the cancerous tissues. The results of the experiments confirmed the feasibility of PIT applied in the clinic to detect glioma, laying the foundation for the subsequent non-invasive, non-staining glioma detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Rong Liu
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong-Hui He
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
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3
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Huynh RN, Nehmetallah G, Raub CB. Mueller matrix polarimetry and polar decomposition of articular cartilage imaged in reflectance. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:5160-5178. [PMID: 34513249 PMCID: PMC8407819 DOI: 10.1364/boe.428223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage birefringence relates to zonal architecture primarily of type II collagen, which has been assessed extensively in transmission, through thin tissue sections, to evaluate cartilage repair and degeneration. Mueller matrix imaging of articular cartilage in reflection is of potential utility for non-destructive imaging in clinical and research applications. Therefore, such an imaging system was constructed to measure laser reflectance signals, calibrated, and tested with optical standards. Polar decomposition was chosen as a method to extract fundamental optical parameters from the experimental Mueller matrices, with performance confirmed by simulations. Adult bovine articular cartilage from the patellofemoral groove was found to have ∼0.93 radians retardance, low diattenuation of ∼0.2, and moderately high depolarization of 0.66. Simulations showed that variation in depolarization drives inaccuracy of depolarization and retardance maps derived by polar decomposition. These results create a basis for further investigation of the clinical utility of polarized signals from knee tissue and suggest potential approaches for improving the accuracy of polar decomposition maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby N. Huynh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Avenue NE, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - George Nehmetallah
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Avenue NE, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - Christopher B. Raub
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Avenue NE, Washington, DC 20064, USA
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4
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Embossed topographic depolarisation maps of biological tissues with different morphological structures. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3871. [PMID: 33594107 PMCID: PMC7886906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Layered topographic maps of the depolarisation due to diffuse biological tissues are produced using a polarisation-holographic Mueller matrix method approach. Histological sections of myocardial tissue with a spatially structured optically anisotropic fibrillar network, and parenchymal liver tissue with a polycrystalline island structure are successfully mapped. The topography of the myocardium maps relates to the scattering multiplicity within the volume and the specific morphological structures of the biological crystallite networks. The overall depolarisation map is a convolution of the effects of these two factors. Parenchymal liver tissues behave broadly similarly, but the different biological structures present cause the degree of scattering multiplicity to increase more rapidly with increasing phase. Through statistical analysis, the dependences of the magnitudes of the first to fourth order statistical moments are determined. These moments characterise the changing distributions of the depolarisation values through the volume of biological tissues with different morphological structures. Parenchymal liver tissue depolarisation maps are characterised by larger mean and variance, and less skewness and kurtosis, compared to the distributions for the myocardium. This work demonstrates that a polarisation-holographic Mueller matrix method can be applied to the assessment of the 3D morphology of biological tissues, with applications in disease diagnosis.
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Li W, Narice BF, Anumba DO, Matcher SJ. Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography with a conical beam scan for the investigation of birefringence and collagen alignment in the human cervix. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:4190-4206. [PMID: 31453004 PMCID: PMC6701558 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.004190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
By measuring the phase retardance of a cervical extracellular matrix, our in-house polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) was shown to be capable of (1) mapping the distribution of collagen fibers in the non-gravid cervix, (2) accurately determining birefringence, and (3) measuring the distinctive depolarization of the cervical tissue. A conical beam scan strategy was also employed to explore the 3D orientation of the collagen fibers in the cervix by interrogating the samples with an incident light at 45° and successive azimuthal rotations of 0-360°. Our results confirmed previous observations by X-ray diffraction, suggesting that in the non-gravid human cervix collagen fibers adjacent to the endocervical canal and in the outermost areas tend to arrange in a longitudinal fashion whereas in the middle area they are oriented circumferentially. PS-OCT can assess the microstructure of the human cervical collagen in vitro and holds the potential to help us better understand cervical remodeling prior to birth pending the development of an in vivo probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Biophotonics Group, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK
- Co-first authors with equal contribution
| | - Brenda F. Narice
- Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2SF, UK
- Co-first authors with equal contribution
| | - Dilly O. Anumba
- Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2SF, UK
| | - Stephen J. Matcher
- Biophotonics Group, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK
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Ravanfar M, Yao G. Measurement of biaxial optical birefringence in articular cartilage. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:2021-2027. [PMID: 30874069 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.002021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Optical birefringence is a valuable parameter in evaluating collagen organization and assessing collagen degeneration in articular cartilage. A uniaxial birefringent model is implied when using existing methods such as polarized light microscopy in characterizing birefringence in cartilage. However, some studies suggest the existence of a sheet-like collagen organization in articular cartilage, which requires a biaxial birefringence model to describe. In this study, we applied a multi-incident birefringence measurement procedure to investigate the biaxial birefringence in articular cartilage. The results supported the existence of a small yet significant biaxial birefringence effect, which was in agreement with the expectation from a sheet-like collagen organization.
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7
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Zhou X, Ju MJ, Huang L, Tang S. Slope-based segmentation of articular cartilage using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography phase retardation image. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-14. [PMID: 30873765 PMCID: PMC6975236 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.3.036006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A segmentation method based on phase retardation measurements from polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) is developed to differentiate the structural zones of articular cartilage. The organization of collagen matrix in articular cartilage varies over the different structural zones, generating different tissue birefringence. Analyzing the slope of the accumulated phase retardation at different depths can detect the variation in tissue birefringence and be used to segment the structural zones. The method is validated on phantoms composed of layers of different materials. Articular cartilage samples from adult swine are segmented with the method. The characteristics in each segmented zone are also examined by histology and high-resolution second-harmonic generation imaging, showing distinctive properties that match with the anatomical structure of articular cartilage. The segmentation algorithm is also applied on PS-OCT images acquired at multiple illumination angles, where the angular dependence of tissue birefringence in the deep zone is detected. This method offers a noninvasive imaging approach to differentiating the structural zones of articular cartilage, as well as a quantification approach based on the phase retardation measurements of PS-OCT. This method has great potential in studying depth-related progression of cartilage degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- University of British Columbia, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Myeong Jin Ju
- Simon Fraser University, School of Engineering Science, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Beckman Laser Institute-Korea, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Lin Huang
- University of British Columbia, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shuo Tang
- University of British Columbia, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Address all correspondence to Shuo Tang, E-mail:
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Chue-Sang J, Gonzalez M, Pierre A, Laughrey M, Saytashev I, Novikova T, Ramella-Roman JC. Optical phantoms for biomedical polarimetry: a review. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-12. [PMID: 30851015 PMCID: PMC6975228 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.3.030901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Calibration, quantification, and standardization of the polarimetric instrumentation, as well as interpretation and understanding of the obtained data, require the development and use of well-calibrated phantoms and standards. We reviewed the status of tissue phantoms for a variety of applications in polarimetry; more than 500 papers are considered. We divided the phantoms into five groups according to their origin (biological/nonbiological) and fundamental polarimetric properties of retardation, depolarization, and diattenuation. We found that, while biological media are generally depolarizing, retarding, and diattenuating, only one of all the phantoms reviewed incorporated all these properties, and few considered at least combined retardation and depolarization. Samples derived from biological tissue, such as tendon and muscle, remain extremely popular to quickly ascertain a polarimetric system, but do not provide quantifiable results aside from relative direction of their principal optical axis. Microspheres suspensions are the most utilized phantoms for depolarization, and combined with theoretical models can offer true quantification of depolarization or degree of polarization. There is a real paucity of birefringent phantoms despite the retardance being one of the most interesting parameters measurable with polarization techniques. Therefore, future work should be directed at generating truly reliable and repeatable phantoms for this metric determination. Diattenuating phantoms are rare and application-specific. Given that diattenuation is considered to be low in most biological tissues, the lack of such phantoms is seen as less problematic. The heterogeneity of the phantoms reviewed points to a critical need for standardization in this field. Ultimately, all research groups involved in polarimetric studies and instruments development would benefit from sharing a limited set of standardized polarimetric phantoms, as is done earlier in the round robin investigations in ellipsometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Chue-Sang
- Florida International University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Mariacarla Gonzalez
- Florida International University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Angie Pierre
- Florida International University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Megan Laughrey
- Florida International University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Ilyas Saytashev
- Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Tatiana Novikova
- LPICM Laboratoire de Physique des Interfaces et Couches Minces, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
| | - Jessica C. Ramella-Roman
- Florida International University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Miami, Florida, United States
- Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
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9
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Villiger M, Braaf B, Lippok N, Otsuka K, Nadkarni SK, Bouma BE. Optic axis mapping with catheter-based polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. OPTICA 2018; 5:1329-1337. [PMID: 31214632 PMCID: PMC6581518 DOI: 10.1364/optica.5.001329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Birefringence offers an intrinsic contrast mechanism related to the microstructure and arrangement of fibrillary tissue components. Here we present a reconstruction strategy to recover not only the scalar amount of birefringence but also its optic axis orientation as a function of depth in tissue from measurements with catheter-based polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography. A polarization symmetry constraint, intrinsic to imaging in the backscatter direction, facilitates the required compensation for wavelength-dependent transmission through system elements, the rotating catheter, and overlying tissue layers. Applied to intravascular imaging of coronary atherosclerosis in human patients, the optic axis affords refined interpretation of plaque architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Villiger
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Corresponding author:
| | - Boy Braaf
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Norman Lippok
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenichiro Otsuka
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seemantini K. Nadkarni
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brett E. Bouma
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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10
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Polarization Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography: A Review of Technology and Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/app7050474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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11
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Wang Y, Ravanfar M, Zhang K, Duan D, Yao G. Mapping 3D fiber orientation in tissue using dual-angle optical polarization tractography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:3855-3870. [PMID: 27867698 PMCID: PMC5102555 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.003855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Optical polarization tractography (OPT) has recently been applied to map fiber organization in the heart, skeletal muscle, and arterial vessel wall with high resolution. The fiber orientation measured in OPT represents the 2D projected fiber angle in a plane that is perpendicular to the incident light. We report here a dual-angle extension of the OPT technology to measure the actual 3D fiber orientation in tissue. This method was first verified by imaging the murine extensor digitorum muscle placed at various known orientations in space. The accuracy of the method was further studied by analyzing the 3D fiber orientation of the mouse tibialis anterior muscle. Finally we showed that dual-angle OPT successfully revealed the unique 3D "arcade" fiber structure in the bovine articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - M. Ravanfar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - K. Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - D. Duan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - G. Yao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Brill N, Wirtz M, Merhof D, Tingart M, Jahr H, Truhn D, Schmitt R, Nebelung S. Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography-based imaging, parameterization, and quantification of human cartilage degeneration. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:76013. [PMID: 27447953 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.7.076013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) is a light-based, high-resolution, real-time, noninvasive, and nondestructive imaging modality yielding quasimicroscopic cross-sectional images of cartilage. As yet, comprehensive parameterization and quantification of birefringence and tissue properties have not been performed on human cartilage. PS-OCT and algorithm-based image analysis were used to objectively grade human cartilage degeneration in terms of surface irregularity, tissue homogeneity, signal attenuation, as well as birefringence coefficient and band width, height, depth, and number. Degeneration-dependent changes were noted for the former three parameters exclusively, thereby questioning the diagnostic value of PS-OCT in the assessment of human cartilage degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Brill
- Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Steinbachstraße 17, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Mathias Wirtz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Steinbachstraße 17, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Dorit Merhof
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Imaging and Computer Vision, Kopernikusstraße 16, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Markus Tingart
- Aachen University Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Holger Jahr
- Aachen University Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Daniel Truhn
- Aachen University Hospital, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Robert Schmitt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Steinbachstraße 17, Aachen 52074, GermanyeRWTH Aachen University, Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering, Manfred-Weck Haus, Steinbachstraße 19, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Sven Nebelung
- Aachen University Hospital, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen 52074, Germany
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Villiger M, Lorenser D, McLaughlin RA, Quirk BC, Kirk RW, Bouma BE, Sampson DD. Deep tissue volume imaging of birefringence through fibre-optic needle probes for the delineation of breast tumour. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28771. [PMID: 27364229 PMCID: PMC4929466 DOI: 10.1038/srep28771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying tumour margins during breast-conserving surgeries is a persistent challenge. We have previously developed miniature needle probes that could enable intraoperative volume imaging with optical coherence tomography. In many situations, however, scattering contrast alone is insufficient to clearly identify and delineate malignant regions. Additional polarization-sensitive measurements provide the means to assess birefringence, which is elevated in oriented collagen fibres and may offer an intrinsic biomarker to differentiate tumour from benign tissue. Here, we performed polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography through miniature imaging needles and developed an algorithm to efficiently reconstruct images of the depth-resolved tissue birefringence free of artefacts. First ex vivo imaging of breast tumour samples revealed excellent contrast between lowly birefringent malignant regions, and stromal tissue, which is rich in oriented collagen and exhibits higher birefringence, as confirmed with co-located histology. The ability to clearly differentiate between tumour and uninvolved stroma based on intrinsic contrast could prove decisive for the intraoperative assessment of tumour margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Villiger
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Dirk Lorenser
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Robert A. McLaughlin
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Bryden C. Quirk
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Rodney W. Kirk
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Brett E. Bouma
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, MA USA
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - David D. Sampson
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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14
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Tuchin VV. Polarized light interaction with tissues. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:71114. [PMID: 27121763 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.7.071114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This tutorial-review introduces the fundamentals of polarized light interaction with biological tissues and presents some of the recent key polarization optical methods that have made possible the quantitative studies essential for biomedical diagnostics. Tissue structures and the corresponding models showing linear and circular birefringence, dichroism, and chirality are analyzed. As the basis for a quantitative description of the interaction of polarized light with tissues, the theory of polarization transfer in a random medium is used. This theory employs the modified transfer equation for Stokes parameters to predict the polarization properties of single- and multiple-scattered optical fields. The near-order of scatterers in tissues is accounted for to provide an adequate description of tissue polarization properties. Biomedical diagnostic techniques based on polarized light detection, including polarization imaging and spectroscopy, amplitude and intensity light scattering matrix measurements, and polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography are described. Examples of biomedical applications of these techniques for early diagnostics of cataracts, detection of precancer, and prediction of skin disease are presented. The substantial reduction of light scattering multiplicity at tissue optical clearing that leads to a lesser influence of scattering on the measured intrinsic polarization properties of the tissue and allows for more precise quantification of these properties is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery V Tuchin
- Saratov National Research State University, Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, 83 Astrakhanskaya street, Saratov 410012, RussiabInstitute of Precision Mechanics and Control of Russian Academy of Sciences, 24 Rabochaya street, Sarat
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15
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Brill N, Riedel J, Schmitt R, Tingart M, Truhn D, Pufe T, Jahr H, Nebelung S. 3D Human cartilage surface characterization by optical coherence tomography. Phys Med Biol 2016; 60:7747-62. [PMID: 26394374 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/19/7747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis and treatment of cartilage degeneration is of high clinical interest. Loss of surface integrity is considered one of the earliest and most reliable signs of degeneration, but cannot currently be evaluated objectively. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is an arthroscopically available light-based non-destructive real-time imaging technology that allows imaging at micrometre resolutions to millimetre depths. As OCT-based surface evaluation standards remain to be defined, the present study investigated the diagnostic potential of 3D surface profile parameters in the comprehensive evaluation of cartilage degeneration. To this end, 45 cartilage samples of different degenerative grades were obtained from total knee replacements (2 males, 10 females; mean age 63.8 years), cut to standard size and imaged using a spectral-domain OCT device (Thorlabs, Germany). 3D OCT datasets of 8 × 8, 4 × 4 and 1 × 1 mm (width × length) were obtained and pre-processed (image adjustments, morphological filtering). Subsequent automated surface identification algorithms were used to obtain the 3D primary profiles, which were then filtered and processed using established algorithms employing ISO standards. The 3D surface profile thus obtained was used to calculate a set of 21 3D surface profile parameters, i.e. height (e.g. Sa), functional (e.g. Sk), hybrid (e.g. Sdq) and segmentation-related parameters (e.g. Spd). Samples underwent reference histological assessment according to the Degenerative Joint Disease classification. Statistical analyses included calculation of Spearman's rho and assessment of inter-group differences using the Kruskal Wallis test. Overall, the majority of 3D surface profile parameters revealed significant degeneration-dependent differences and correlations with the exception of severe end-stage degeneration and were of distinct diagnostic value in the assessment of surface integrity. None of the 3D surface profile parameters investigated were capable of reliably differentiating healthy from early-degenerative cartilage, while scan area sizes considerably affected parameter values. In conclusion, cartilage surface integrity may be adequately assessed by 3D surface profile parameters, which should be used in combination for the comprehensive and thorough evaluation and overall improved diagnostic performance. OCT- and image-based surface assessment could become a valuable adjunct tool to standard arthroscopy.
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Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common chronic disease of our joints, manifested by a dynamically increasing degeneration of hyaline articular cartilage (AC). While currently no therapy can reverse this process, the few available treatment options are hampered by the inability of early diagnosis. Loss of cartilage surface, or extracellular matrix (ECM), integrity is considered the earliest sign of OA. Despite the increasing number of imaging modalities surprisingly few imaging biomarkers exist. In this narrative review, recent developments in optical coherence tomography are critically evaluated for their potential to assess different aspects of AC quality as biomarkers of OA. Special attention is paid to imaging surface irregularities, ECM organization and the evaluation of posttraumatic injuries by light-based modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Jahr
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , University Hospital RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
| | - Nicolai Brill
- b Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology , Aachen , Germany , and
| | - Sven Nebelung
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , University Hospital RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany .,c Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology , University Hospital RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
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Matcher SJ. What can biophotonics tell us about the 3D microstructure of articular cartilage? Quant Imaging Med Surg 2015; 5:143-58. [PMID: 25694964 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4292.2014.12.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Connective tissues such as articular cartilage have been the subject of study using novel optical techniques almost since the invention of polarized light microscopy (PLM). Early studies of polarized light micrographs were the main evidential basis for the establishment of quantitative models of articular cartilage collagen structure by Benninghoff and others. Even now, state of the art optical techniques including quantitative polarized light microscopy (qPLM), optical coherence tomography (OCT), polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT), second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) microscopy, Raman and optical hyperspectral reflectance and fluorescence imaging are providing new insights into articular cartilage structure from the nanoscale through to the mesoscale. New insights are promised by emerging modalities such as optical elastography. This short review highlights some key recent results from modern optical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Matcher
- 1 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2 INSIGNEO Institute for in-silico medicine, University of Sheffield, North Campus, Broad Lane, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK
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Kasaragod D, Makita S, Fukuda S, Beheregaray S, Oshika T, Yasuno Y. Bayesian maximum likelihood estimator of phase retardation for quantitative polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:16472-92. [PMID: 24977897 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.016472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the theory and numerical implementation of a maximum likelihood estimator for local phase retardation (i.e., birefringence) measured using Jones-matrix-based polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography. Previous studies have shown conventional mean estimations of phase retardation and birefringence are significantly biased in the presence of system noise. Our estimator design is based on a Bayes' rule that relates the distributions of the measured birefringence under a particular true birefringence and the true birefringence under a particular measured birefringence. We used a Monte-Carlo method to calculate the likelihood function that describes the relationship between the distributions and numerically implement the estimator. Our numerical and experimental results show that the proposed estimator was asymptotically unbiased even with low signal-to-noise ratio and/or for the true phase retardations close to the edge of the measurement range. The estimator revealed detailed clinical features when applied to the in vivo anterior human eye.
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Lu Z, Kasaragod D, Matcher SJ. Conical scan polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:752-62. [PMID: 24688811 PMCID: PMC3959841 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.000752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We report on a new articular cartilage imaging technique with potential for clinical arthroscopic use, by supplementing the variable-incidence-angle polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography method previously developed by us with a conical beam scan protocol. The technique is validated on bovine tendon by comparing experimental data with simulated data generated using the extended Jones matrix calculus. A unique capability of this new optical technique is that it can locate the "brushing direction" of collagen fibers in articular cartilage, which is structural information that extends beyond established methods such as split-line photography or birefringent fast-axis measurement in that it is uniquely defined over the full azimuthal-angle range of (-π, + π). The mapping of this direction over the cartilage surface may offer insights into the optimal design of tissue-engineering scaffolds for cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenghai Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, the Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, North Campus, Broad Lane, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Deepa Kasaragod
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, the Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, North Campus, Broad Lane, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK
- Currently with the Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Stephen J Matcher
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, the Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, North Campus, Broad Lane, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK
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Villiger M, Zhang EZ, Nadkarni SK, Oh WY, Vakoc BJ, Bouma BE. Spectral binning for mitigation of polarization mode dispersion artifacts in catheter-based optical frequency domain imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:16353-69. [PMID: 23938487 PMCID: PMC3724396 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.016353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Polarization mode dispersion (PMD) has been recognized as a significant barrier to sensitive and reproducible birefringence measurements with fiber-based, polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography systems. Here, we present a signal processing strategy that reconstructs the local retardation robustly in the presence of system PMD. The algorithm uses a spectral binning approach to limit the detrimental impact of system PMD and benefits from the final averaging of the PMD-corrected retardation vectors of the spectral bins. The algorithm was validated with numerical simulations and experimental measurements of a rubber phantom. When applied to the imaging of human cadaveric coronary arteries, the algorithm was found to yield a substantial improvement in the reconstructed birefringence maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Villiger
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
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Jaedicke V, Agcaer S, Robles FE, Steinert M, Jones D, Goebel S, Gerhardt NC, Welp H, Hofmann MR. Comparison of different metrics for analysis and visualization in spectroscopic optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 4:2945-61. [PMID: 24409393 PMCID: PMC3862158 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.002945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Spectroscopic Optical Coherence Tomography (S-OCT) extracts depth resolved spectra that are inherently available from OCT signals. The back scattered spectra contain useful functional information regarding the sample, since the light is altered by wavelength dependent absorption and scattering caused by chromophores and structures of the sample. Two aspects dominate the performance of S-OCT: (1) the spectral analysis processing method used to obtain the spatially-resolved spectroscopic information and (2) the metrics used to visualize and interpret relevant sample features. In this work, we focus on the second aspect, where we will compare established and novel metrics for S-OCT. These concepts include the adaptation of methods known from multispectral imaging and modern signal processing approaches such as pattern recognition. To compare the performance of the metrics in a quantitative manner, we use phantoms with microsphere scatterers of different sizes that are below the system's resolution and therefore cannot be differentiated using intensity based OCT images. We show that the analysis of the spectral features can clearly separate areas with different scattering properties in multi-layer phantoms. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of our approach for contrast enhancement in bovine articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Jaedicke
- Photonics and Terahertz Technology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Semih Agcaer
- Photonics and Terahertz Technology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Francisco E. Robles
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 2303 French Family Science Center, 124 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Marian Steinert
- Institute for Experimental Orthopaedics and Biomechanics, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstr. 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - David Jones
- Institute for Experimental Orthopaedics and Biomechanics, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstr. 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Goebel
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Applied Science Georg Agricola, Herner Str 45, 44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nils C. Gerhardt
- Photonics and Terahertz Technology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Hubert Welp
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Applied Science Georg Agricola, Herner Str 45, 44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - Martin R. Hofmann
- Photonics and Terahertz Technology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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