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Kamar F, Shoemaker LN, Eskandari R, Milej D, Drosdowech D, Murkin JM, St. Lawrence K, Chui J, Diop M. Assessing changes in regional cerebral hemodynamics in adults with a high-density full-head coverage time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy device. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:S33302. [PMID: 38707651 PMCID: PMC11068267 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.s3.s33302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Significance Cerebral oximeters have the potential to detect abnormal cerebral blood oxygenation to allow for early intervention. However, current commercial systems have two major limitations: (1) spatial coverage of only the frontal region, assuming that surgery-related hemodynamic effects are global and (2) susceptibility to extracerebral signal contamination inherent to continuous-wave near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Aim This work aimed to assess the feasibility of a high-density, time-resolved (tr) NIRS device (Kernel Flow) to monitor regional oxygenation changes across the cerebral cortex during surgery. Approach The Flow system was assessed using two protocols. First, digital carotid compression was applied to healthy volunteers to cause a rapid oxygenation decrease across the ipsilateral hemisphere without affecting the contralateral side. Next, the system was used on patients undergoing shoulder surgery to provide continuous monitoring of cerebral oxygenation. In both protocols, the improved depth sensitivity of trNIRS was investigated by applying moment analysis. A dynamic wavelet filtering approach was also developed to remove observed temperature-induced signal drifts. Results In the first protocol (28 ± 5 years; five females, five males), hair significantly impacted regional sensitivity; however, the enhanced depth sensitivity of trNIRS was able to separate brain and scalp responses in the frontal region. Regional sensitivity was improved in the clinical study given the age-related reduction in hair density of the patients (65 ± 15 years; 14 females, 13 males). In five patients who received phenylephrine to treat hypotension, different scalp and brain oxygenation responses were apparent, although no regional differences were observed. Conclusions The Kernel Flow has promise as an intraoperative neuromonitoring device. Although regional sensitivity was affected by hair color and density, enhanced depth sensitivity of trNIRS was able to resolve differences in scalp and brain oxygenation responses in both protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Kamar
- Western University, Department of Medical Biophysics, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leena N. Shoemaker
- Western University, Department of Medical Biophysics, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rasa Eskandari
- Western University, Department of Medical Biophysics, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Milej
- Western University, Department of Medical Biophysics, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darren Drosdowech
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Western University, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - John M. Murkin
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Western University, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keith St. Lawrence
- Western University, Department of Medical Biophysics, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason Chui
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Western University, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mamadou Diop
- Western University, Department of Medical Biophysics, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Kan RLD, Zhang BBB, Lin TTZ, Tang AHP, Xia AWL, Qin PPI, Jin M, Fong KNK, Becker B, Yau SY, Kranz GS. Sex differences in brain excitability revealed by concurrent iTBS/fNIRS. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 96:104043. [PMID: 38598937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Sex differences have been claimed an imperative factor in the optimization of psychiatric treatments. Intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS), a patterned form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, is a promising non-invasive treatment option. Here, we investigated whether the real-time neural response to iTBS differs between men and women, and which mechanisms may mediate these differences. To this end, we capitalized on a concurrent iTBS/functional near-infrared spectroscopy setup over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, a common clinical target, to test our assumptions. In a series of experiments, we show (1) a biological sex difference in absolute hemoglobin concentrations in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in healthy participants; (2) that this sex difference is amplified by iTBS but not by cognitive tasks; and (3) that the sex difference amplified by iTBS is modulated by stimulation intensity. These results inform future stimulation treatment optimizations towards precision psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L D Kan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Bella B B Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Tim T Z Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Alvin H P Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Adam W L Xia
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Penny P I Qin
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Minxia Jin
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kenneth N K Fong
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Benjamin Becker
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Suk-Yu Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Mental Health Research Center (MHRC), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Georg S Kranz
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Mental Health Research Center (MHRC), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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3
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Shen QQ, Hou JM, Xia T, Zhang JY, Wang DL, Yang Y, Luo R, Xin ZL, Yin HC, Cui L. Exercise promotes brain health: a systematic review of fNIRS studies. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1327822. [PMID: 38659667 PMCID: PMC11042249 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1327822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Exercise can induce brain plasticity. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a functional neuroimaging technique that exploits cerebral hemodynamics and has been widely used in the field of sports psychology to reveal the neural mechanisms underlying the effects of exercise. However, most existing fNIRS studies are cross-sectional and do not include exercise interventions. In addition, attributed to differences in experimental designs, the causal relationship between exercise and brain functions remains elusive. Hence, this systematic review aimed to determine the effects of exercise interventions on alterations in brain functional activity in healthy individuals using fNIRS and to determine the applicability of fNIRS in the research design of the effects of various exercise interventions on brain function. Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang, and Weipu databases were searched for studies published up to June 15, 2021. This study was performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Two investigators independently selected articles and extracted relevant information. Disagreements were resolved by discussion with another author. Quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias method. Data were pooled using random-effects models. A total of 29 studies were included in the analysis. Our results indicated that exercise interventions alter oxygenated hemoglobin levels in the prefrontal cortex and motor cortex, which are associated with improvements in higher cognitive functions (e.g., inhibitory control and working memory). The frontal cortex and motor cortex may be key regions for exercise-induced promotion of brain health. Future research is warranted on fluctuations in cerebral blood flow during exercise to elucidate the neural mechanism underlying the effects of exercise. Moreover, given that fNIRS is insensitive to motion, this technique is ideally suited for research during exercise interventions. Important factors include the study design, fNIRS device parameters, and exercise protocol. The examination of cerebral blood flow during exercise intervention is a future research direction that has the potential to identify cortical hemodynamic changes and elucidate the relationship between exercise and cognition. Future studies can combine multiple study designs to measure blood flow prior to and after exercise and during exercise in a more in-depth and comprehensive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Heng-chan Yin
- College of P. E. and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Cui
- College of P. E. and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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4
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Li NC, Ioussoufovitch S, Diop M. HyperTRCSS: A hyperspectral time-resolved compressive sensing spectrometer for depth-sensitive monitoring of cytochrome-c-oxidase and blood oxygenation. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:015002. [PMID: 38269084 PMCID: PMC10807872 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.1.015002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Significance Hyperspectral time-resolved (TR) near-infrared spectroscopy offers the potential to monitor cytochrome-c-oxidase (oxCCO) and blood oxygenation in the adult brain with minimal scalp/skull contamination. We introduce a hyperspectral TR spectrometer that uses compressive sensing to minimize acquisition time without compromising spectral range or resolution and demonstrate oxCCO and blood oxygenation monitoring in deep tissue. Aim Develop a hyperspectral TR compressive sensing spectrometer and use it to monitor oxCCO and blood oxygenation in deep tissue. Approach Homogeneous tissue-mimicking phantom experiments were conducted to confirm the spectrometer's sensitivity to oxCCO and blood oxygenation. Two-layer phantoms were used to evaluate the spectrometer's sensitivity to oxCCO and blood oxygenation in the bottom layer through a 10 mm thick static top layer. Results The spectrometer was sensitive to oxCCO and blood oxygenation changes in the bottom layer of the two-layer phantoms, as confirmed by concomitant measurements acquired directly from the bottom layer. Measures of oxCCO and blood oxygenation by the spectrometer were highly correlated with "gold standard" measures in the homogeneous and two-layer phantom experiments. Conclusions The results show that the hyperspectral TR compressive sensing spectrometer is sensitive to changes in oxCCO and blood oxygenation in deep tissue through a thick static top layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie C. Li
- Western University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Seva Ioussoufovitch
- Western University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mamadou Diop
- Western University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, London, Ontario, Canada
- Western University, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Medical Biophysics, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, Imaging Program, London, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Hartman ME. Prefrontal NIRS signal is unaffected by forehead Doppler flux during incremental cycling exercise. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2023; 43:393-403. [PMID: 37243413 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is used to measure tissue concentrations of oxyhemoglobin (O2 Hb) and deoxyhemoglobin (HHb). In the context of exercise, NIRS confers a higher signal-to-noise ratio than other neuroimaging techniques. However, part of the signal may be influenced by thermoregulatory hyperemia in the superficial cutaneous capillaries of the forehead. The degree to which NIRS signals during exercise reflect cerebral or extracerebral hemodynamic changes is a continuing source of controversy. However, the influence of skin blood flow may be attenuated depending on the NIRS technique (e.g., frequency domain machines with maximal optode separation distances >3.5 cm). The purpose of this study was to compare the changes in forehead skin blood flow and cerebral hemoglobin concentration during incremental exercise versus direct vasodilation of the forehead skin induced by gradual local heating. Thirty participants (12 females, 18 males; age: 20.8 ± 3.2 years; body mass index: 23.8 ± 3.7 kg·m-2 ) participated in the study. Forehead skin blood flow was quantified laser Doppler flux and absolute concentrations of cerebral O2 Hb and HHb were measured by NIRS. Local heating significantly increased the Doppler flux signal across time and these changes were significantly correlated with skin temperature. During incremental exercise, skin temperature, Doppler flux, O2 Hb and HHb increased however, the only significant change that was consistently correlated with Doppler flux was skin temperature. Therefore, a significant change in forehead skin blood flow may not significantly the NIRS hemoglobin data, depending on the type of NIRS device used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Hartman
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
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6
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Hiura M, Funaki A, Shibutani H, Takahashi K, Katayama Y. Dissociated coupling between cerebral oxygen metabolism and perfusion in the prefrontal cortex during exercise: a NIRS study. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1165939. [PMID: 37565141 PMCID: PMC10411551 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1165939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The present study used near-infrared spectroscopy to investigate the relationships between cerebral oxygen metabolism and perfusion in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during exercises of different intensities. Methods: A total of 12 recreationally active men (age 24 ± 6 years) were enrolled. They performed 17 min of low-intensity exercise (ExL), followed by 3 min of moderate-intensity exercise (ExM) at constant loads. Exercise intensities for ExL and ExM corresponded to 30% and 45% of the participants' heart rate reserve, respectively. Cardiovascular and respiratory parameters were measured. We used near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy (TRS) to measure the cerebral hemoglobin oxygen saturation (ScO2) and total hemoglobin concentration ([HbT]), which can indicate the cerebral blood volume (CBV). As the cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2) is calculated using cerebral blood flow (CBF) and ScO2, we assumed a constant power law relationship between CBF and CBV based on investigations by positron emission tomography (PET). We estimated the relative changes in CMRO2 (rCMRO2) and CBV (rCBV) from the baseline. During ExL and ExM, the rate of perceived exertion was monitored, and alterations in the subjects' mood induced by exercise were evaluated using the Profile of Moods Scale-Brief. Results: Three minutes after exercise initiation, ScO2 decreased and rCMRO2 surpassed rCBV in the left PFC. When ExL changed to ExM, cardiovascular variables and the sense of effort increased concomitantly with an increase in [HbT] but not in ScO2, and the relationship between rCMRO2 and rCBV was dissociated in both sides of the PFC. Immediately after ExM, [HbT], and ScO2 increased, and the disassociation between rCMRO2 and rCBV was prominent in both sides of the PFC. While blood pressure decreased and a negative mood state was less prominent following ExM compared with that at rest, ScO2 decreased 15 min after exercise and rCMRO2 surpassed rCBV in the left PFC. Conclusion: Dissociated coupling between cerebral oxidative metabolism and perfusion in the PFC was consistent with the effort required for increased exercise intensity and associated with post-exercise hypotension and altered mood status after exercise. Our result demonstrates the first preliminary results dealing with the coupling between cerebral oxidative metabolism and perfusion in the PFC using TRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikio Hiura
- Center for Brain and Health Sciences, Aomori University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Akio Funaki
- Faculty of Sociology, Aomori University, Aomori, Japan
| | | | - Katsumi Takahashi
- Faculty of Creative Engineering, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi, Japan
| | - Yoichi Katayama
- Center for Brain and Health Sciences, Aomori University, Aomori, Japan
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7
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Mulser L, Moreau D. Effect of Acute Cardiovascular Exercise on Cerebral Blood Flow: A Systematic Review. Brain Res 2023; 1809:148355. [PMID: 37003561 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
A single bout of cardiovascular exercise can have a cascade of physiological effects, including increased blood flow to the brain. This effect has been documented across multiple modalities, yet studies have reported mixed findings. Here, we systematically review evidence for the acute effect of cardiovascular exercise on cerebral blood flow across a range of neuroimaging techniques and exercise characteristics. Based on 52 studies and a combined sample size of 1,174 individuals, our results indicate that the acute effect of cardiovascular exercise on cerebral blood flow generally follows an inverted U-shaped relationship, whereby blood flow increases early on but eventually decreases as exercise continues. However, we also find that this effect is not uniform across studies, instead varying across a number of key variables including exercise characteristics, brain regions, and neuroimaging modalities. As the most comprehensive synthesis on the topic to date, this systematic review sheds light on the determinants of exercise-induced change in cerebral blood flow, a necessary step toward personalized interventions targeting brain health across a range of populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Mulser
- School of Psychology The University of Auckland
| | - David Moreau
- School of Psychology and Centre for Brain Research The University of Auckland.
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8
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Yang J, Ruesch A, Kainerstorfer JM. Cerebrovascular impedance estimation with near-infrared and diffuse correlation spectroscopy. NEUROPHOTONICS 2023; 10:015002. [PMID: 36699625 PMCID: PMC9868286 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.10.1.015002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Cerebrovascular impedance (CVI) is related to cerebral autoregulation (CA), which is the mechanism of the brain to maintain near-constant cerebral blood flow (CBF) despite changes in cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP). Changes in blood vessel impedance enable the stabilization of blood flow. Due to the interplay between CVI and CA, assessment of CVI may enable quantification of CA and may serve as a biomarker for cerebral health. AIM We developed a method to quantify CVI based on a combination of diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) and continuous wave (CW) near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Data on healthy human volunteers were used to validate the method. APPROACH A combined high-speed DCS-NIRS system was developed, allowing for simultaneous, noninvasive blood flow, and volume measurements in the same tissue compartment. Blood volume was used as a surrogate measurement for blood pressure and CVI was calculated as the spectral ratio of blood volume and blood flow changes. This technique was validated on six healthy human volunteers undergoing postural changes to elicit CVI changes. RESULTS Averaged across the six subjects, a decrease in CVI was found for a head of bed (HOB) tilting of - 40 deg . These impedance changes were reversed when returning to the horizontal (0 deg) HOB baseline. CONCLUSIONS We developed a combined DCS-NIRS system, which measures CBF and volume changes, which we demonstrate can be used to measure CVI. Using CVI as a metric of CA may be beneficial for assessing cerebral health, especially in patients where CPP is altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Yang
- Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Alexander Ruesch
- Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Carnegie Mellon University, Neuroscience Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jana M. Kainerstorfer
- Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Carnegie Mellon University, Neuroscience Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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9
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Cohen DJF, Li NC, Ioussoufovitch S, Diop M. Fast estimation of adult cerebral blood content and oxygenation with hyperspectral time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1020151. [PMID: 36875650 PMCID: PMC9978211 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can measure tissue blood content and oxygenation; however, its use for adult neuromonitoring is challenging due to significant contamination from their thick extracerebral layers (ECL; primarily scalp and skull). This report presents a fast method for accurate estimation of adult cerebral blood content and oxygenation from hyperspectral time resolved NIRS (trNIRS) data. A two-phase fitting method, based on a two-layer head model (ECL and brain), was developed. Phase 1 uses spectral constraints to accurately estimate the baseline blood content and oxygenation in both layers, which are then used by Phase 2 to correct for the ECL contamination of the late-arriving photons. The method was validated with in silico data from Monte-Carlo simulations of hyperspectral trNIRS in a realistic model of the adult head obtained from a high-resolution MRI. Phase 1 recovered cerebral blood oxygenation and total hemoglobin with an accuracy of 2.7 ± 2.5 and 2.8 ± 1.8%, respectively, with unknown ECL thickness, and 1.5 ± 1.4 and 1.7 ± 1.1% when the ECL thickness was known. Phase 2 recovered these parameters with an accuracy of 1.5 ± 1.5 and 3.1 ± 0.9%, respectively. Future work will include further validation in tissue-mimicking phantoms with various top layer thicknesses and in a pig model of the adult head before human applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalie C Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Mamadou Diop
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
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10
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Tagliabue S, Lindner C, da Prat IC, Sanchez-Guerrero A, Serra I, Kacprzak M, Maruccia F, Silva OM, Weigel UM, de Nadal M, Poca MA, Durduran T. Comparison of cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen, blood flow, and bispectral index under general anesthesia. NEUROPHOTONICS 2023; 10:015006. [PMID: 36911206 PMCID: PMC9993084 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.10.1.015006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The optical measurement of cerebral oxygen metabolism was evaluated. AIM Compare optically derived cerebral signals to the electroencephalographic bispectral index (BIS) sensors to monitor propofol-induced anesthesia during surgery. APPROACH Relative cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen ( rCMRO 2 ) and blood flow (rCBF) were measured by time-resolved and diffuse correlation spectroscopies. Changes were tested against the relative BIS (rBIS) ones. The synchronism in the changes was also assessed by the R-Pearson correlation. RESULTS In 23 measurements, optically derived signals showed significant changes in agreement with rBIS: during propofol induction, rBIS decreased by 67% [interquartile ranges (IQR) 62% to 71%], rCMRO 2 by 33% (IQR 18% to 46%), and rCBF by 28% (IQR 10% to 37%). During recovery, a significant increase was observed for rBIS (48%, IQR 38% to 55%), rCMRO 2 (29%, IQR 17% to 39%), and rCBF (30%, IQR 10% to 44%). The significance and direction of the changes subject-by-subject were tested: the coupling between the rBIS, rCMRO 2 , and rCBF was witnessed in the majority of the cases (14/18 and 12/18 for rCBF and 19/21 and 13/18 for rCMRO 2 in the initial and final part, respectively). These changes were also correlated in time ( R > 0.69 to R = 1 , p - values < 0.05 ). CONCLUSIONS Optics can reliably monitor rCMRO 2 in such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Tagliabue
- ICFO – Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claus Lindner
- ICFO – Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Angela Sanchez-Guerrero
- Vall d’Hebron University Hospital Research Institute, Neurotraumatology and Neurosurgery Research Unit, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Serra
- Centre de Recerca Matemàtica, Bellaterra, Spain
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center—Centre Nacional de Supercomputació, Spain
| | - Michał Kacprzak
- ICFO – Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering PAS, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Federica Maruccia
- ICFO – Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d’Hebron University Hospital Research Institute, Neurotraumatology and Neurosurgery Research Unit, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Martinez Silva
- Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Udo M. Weigel
- ICFO – Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- HemoPhotonics S.L., Mediterranean Technology Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam de Nadal
- Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universidad Autònoma de Barcelona, Plaça Cívica, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria A. Poca
- Vall d’Hebron University Hospital Research Institute, Neurotraumatology and Neurosurgery Research Unit, Barcelona, Spain
- Universidad Autònoma de Barcelona, Plaça Cívica, Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Turgut Durduran
- ICFO – Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Kojima S, Morishita S, Hotta K, Qin W, Usui N, Tsubaki A. Temporal changes in cortical oxygenation in the motor-related areas and bilateral prefrontal cortex based on exercise intensity and respiratory metabolism during incremental exercise in male subjects: A near-Infrared spectroscopy study. Front Physiol 2022; 13:794473. [PMID: 36017334 PMCID: PMC9396126 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.794473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent study has reported that prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity during incremental exercise may be related to exercise termination on exhaustion. However, few studies have focused on motor-related areas during incremental exercise. This study investigated changes in the oxygenation of the PFC and motor-related areas using near-infrared spectroscopy during incremental exercise. Moreover, we analyzed the effect of exercise termination on changes in cortical oxygenation based on exercise intensity and respiratory metabolism. Sixteen healthy young male patients participated in this study. After a 4-min rest and 4-min warm-up period, incremental exercise was started at an incremental load corresponding to 20 W/min. Oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb), deoxyhemoglobin (HHb), and total hemoglobin (THb) in the bilateral PFC, supplementary motor area, and primary motor cortex were measured. We evaluated changes in oxygenation in each cortex before and after the anaerobic threshold (AT) and respiratory compensation point to identify changes due to respiratory metabolism. O2Hb and THb increased from moderate intensity or after AT to maximal exercise, and HHb increased slowly compared to O2Hb and THb; these changes in hemoglobin levels were consistent in all cortical areas we measured. However, the increase in each hemoglobin level in the bilateral PFC during incremental exercise was faster than that in motor-related areas. Moreover, changes in cortical oxygenation in the right PFC were faster than those in the left PFC. These results suggest changes based on differences in neural activity due to the cortical area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Kojima
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kisen Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kazuki Hotta
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Weixiang Qin
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Naoto Usui
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kisen Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Tsubaki
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
- *Correspondence: Atsuhiro Tsubaki,
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12
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Ho TKK, Kim M, Jeon Y, Kim BC, Kim JG, Lee KH, Song JI, Gwak J. Deep Learning-Based Multilevel Classification of Alzheimer’s Disease Using Non-invasive Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:810125. [PMID: 35557842 PMCID: PMC9087351 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.810125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The timely diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and its prodromal stages is critically important for the patients, who manifest different neurodegenerative severity and progression risks, to take intervention and early symptomatic treatments before the brain damage is shaped. As one of the promising techniques, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been widely employed to support early-stage AD diagnosis. This study aims to validate the capability of fNIRS coupled with Deep Learning (DL) models for AD multi-class classification. First, a comprehensive experimental design, including the resting, cognitive, memory, and verbal tasks was conducted. Second, to precisely evaluate the AD progression, we thoroughly examined the change of hemodynamic responses measured in the prefrontal cortex among four subject groups and among genders. Then, we adopted a set of DL architectures on an extremely imbalanced fNIRS dataset. The results indicated that the statistical difference between subject groups did exist during memory and verbal tasks. This presented the correlation of the level of hemoglobin activation and the degree of AD severity. There was also a gender effect on the hemoglobin changes due to the functional stimulation in our study. Moreover, we demonstrated the potential of distinguished DL models, which boosted the multi-class classification performance. The highest accuracy was achieved by Convolutional Neural Network-Long Short-Term Memory (CNN-LSTM) using the original dataset of three hemoglobin types (0.909 ± 0.012 on average). Compared to conventional machine learning algorithms, DL models produced a better classification performance. These findings demonstrated the capability of DL frameworks on the imbalanced class distribution analysis and validated the great potential of fNIRS-based approaches to be further contributed to the development of AD diagnosis systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Kieu Khanh Ho
- Department of Software, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Minhee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Younghun Jeon
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Byeong C. Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jae Gwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Kun Ho Lee
- Gwangju Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jong-In Song
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jeonghwan Gwak
- Department of Software, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, South Korea
- Department of AI Robotics Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, South Korea
- Department of IT and Energy Convergence (BK21 FOUR), Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jeonghwan Gwak, ;
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13
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Wojtkiewicz S, Bejm K, Liebert A. Lock-in functional near-infrared spectroscopy for measurement of the haemodynamic brain response. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:1869-1887. [PMID: 35519260 PMCID: PMC9045899 DOI: 10.1364/boe.448038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Here we show a method of the lock-in amplifying near-infrared signals originating within a human brain. It implies using two 90-degree rotated source-detector pairs fixed on a head surface. Both pairs have a joint sensitivity region located towards the brain. A direct application of the lock-in technique on both signals results in amplifying common frequency components, e.g. related to brain cortex stimulation and attenuating the rest, including all components not related to the stimulation: e.g. pulse, instrumental and biological noise or movement artefacts. This is a self-driven method as no prior assumptions are needed and the noise model is provided by the interfering signals themselves. We show the theory (classical modified Beer-Lambert law and diffuse optical tomography approaches), the algorithm implementation and tests on a finite element mathematical model and in-vivo on healthy volunteers during visual cortex stimulation. The proposed hardware and algorithm complexity suit the entire spectrum of (continuous wave, frequency domain, time-resolved) near-infrared spectroscopy systems featuring real-time, direct, robust and low-noise brain activity registration tool. As such, this can be of special interest in optical brain computer interfaces and high reliability/stability monitors of tissue oxygenation.
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14
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Hiura M, Shirai Y, Shibutani H, Funaki A, Takahashi K, Katayama Y. Estimation of Cerebral Hemodynamics and Oxygenation During Various Intensities of Rowing Exercise: An NIRS Study. Front Physiol 2022; 13:828357. [PMID: 35309081 PMCID: PMC8924415 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.828357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate changes in cerebral hemodynamics and oxygenation at moderate, heavy, maximal and supramaximal intensities of rowing exercise. It also examined whether these changes reflect alterations in sensation of effort and mood. We also aimed to examine the effects of peak pulmonary oxygen consumption (V.O2peak) on cerebral oxygenation. Methods Eleven rowers, consisting out of six athletes and five recreational rowers [two female; age, 27 ± 9 years; height, 171 ± 7 cm, body mass, 67 ± 9 kg; V.O2peak, 53.5 ± 6.5 mL min–1 kg–1] rowed a 13-min session separated by 10 and 3 min, at 70 (Ex70%) and 80% of V.O2peak (Ex80%), respectively, on a rowing ergometer, followed by three sessions of 1-min supramaximal exercise (ExSp). After a warm-up at 60% of V.O2peak (ExM), seven male rowers performed a 2,000 m all-out test (Ex2000). Cardiovascular and respiratory variables were measured. Cerebral oxygenation was investigated by near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy (TRS) to measure cerebral hemoglobin oxygen saturation (ScO2) and total hemoglobin concentration ([HbT]) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) quantitatively. We estimated the relative changes from rest in cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (rCMRO2) using TRS at all intensities. During Ex70% and Ex80%, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were monitored, and alteration of the subject’s mood was evaluated using a questionnaire of Positive-and-Negative-Affect-Schedule after Ex70% and Ex80%. Results When exercise intensity changed from Ex70% to Ex80%, the sense of effort increased while ScO2 decreased. [HbT] remained unchanged. After Ex70% and Ex80%, a negative mood state was less prominent compared to rest and was accompanied by increases in both ScO2 and [HbT]. At termination of Ex2000, ScO2 decreased by 23% compared to rest. Changes in ScO2 correlated with V.O2peak only during Ex2000 (r = −0.86; p = 0.01). rCMRO2 did not decrease at any intensities. Conclusion Our results suggest that alterations in the sense of effort are associated with oxygenation in the PFC, while positive changes in mood status are associated with cerebral perfusion and oxygen metabolism estimated by TRS. At exhaustion, the cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen is maintained despite a decrease in ScO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikio Hiura
- Center for Brain and Health Sciences, Aomori University, Aomori, Japan
- *Correspondence: Mikio Hiura,
| | - Yusuke Shirai
- Department of Sport and Health Science, Tokai Gakuen University, Miyoshi, Japan
| | | | - Akio Funaki
- Faculty of Sociology, Aomori University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Katsumi Takahashi
- Faculty of Creative Engineering, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi, Japan
| | - Yoichi Katayama
- Center for Brain and Health Sciences, Aomori University, Aomori, Japan
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15
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Kia K, Hwang J, Kim IS, Ishak H, Kim JH. The effects of target size and error rate on the cognitive demand and stress during augmented reality interactions. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2021; 97:103502. [PMID: 34167014 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of target size and error rate on cognitive demand during augmented reality (AR) interactions. In a repeated-measures laboratory study, twenty participants performed two AR tasks (omni-directional pointing and cube placing) with different target sizes and error rates. During the AR tasks, we measured cerebral oxygenation using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), perceived workload using the NASA-TLX questionnaire, stress using the Short Stress State Questionnaire, and task performance (task completion time). The results showed that the AR tasks with more interaction errors increased cerebral oxygenation, perceived workload, and task completion time while the target size significantly affected physical demand and task completion time. These results suggest that appropriate target sizes and low system errors may reduce potential cognitive demand in AR interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiana Kia
- School of Mechanical, Industrial, Manufacturing Engineering, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Jaejin Hwang
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, College of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - In-Sop Kim
- School of Allied Health and Communicative Disorders, College of Health and Human Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Hakim Ishak
- School of Mechanical, Industrial, Manufacturing Engineering, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Jeong Ho Kim
- School of Mechanical, Industrial, Manufacturing Engineering, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA; School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
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16
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Zhao H, Sathialingam E, Buckley EM. Accuracy of diffuse correlation spectroscopy measurements of cerebral blood flow when using a three-layer analytical model. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:7149-7161. [PMID: 34858706 PMCID: PMC8606134 DOI: 10.1364/boe.438303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) is a non-invasive optical technology for the assessment of an index of cerebral blood flow (CBFi). Analytical methods that model the head as a three-layered medium (i.e., scalp, skull, brain) are becoming more commonly used to minimize the contribution of extracerebral layers to the measured DCS signal in adult cerebral blood flow studies. However, these models rely on a priori knowledge of layer optical properties and thicknesses. Errors in these values can lead to errors in the estimation of CBFi, although the magnitude of this influence has not been rigorously characterized. Herein, we investigate the accuracy of measuring cerebral blood flow with a three-layer model when errors in layer optical properties or thicknesses are present. Through a series of in silico experiments, we demonstrate that CBFi is highly sensitive to errors in brain optical properties and skull and scalp thicknesses. Relative changes in CBFi are less sensitive to optical properties but are influenced by errors in layer thickness. Thus, when using the three-layer model, accurate estimation of scalp and skull thickness are required for reliable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongting Zhao
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 1760 Haygood Dr. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Eashani Sathialingam
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 1760 Haygood Dr. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Erin M. Buckley
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 1760 Haygood Dr. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 2015 Uppergate Dr., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Children’s Research Scholar, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate Dr., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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17
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Dot A, Bettega G, Lartizien R, Berger M, Henry M, Perriollat M, Coll JL, Planat-Chretien A. Chromophore reconstruction at depth in bilayered media: a method for quantification. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:1279-1294. [PMID: 33796353 PMCID: PMC7984786 DOI: 10.1364/boe.401108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report a method for deriving the absolute value of absorption coefficients at depth in bilayered media. The method was simplified from that of time-resolved diffuse optical tomography (TR-DOT) into one dimension to validate and set up the main parameters with the help of simulations, and to test it in an easy preclinical model. The method was applied to buried flaps as used in reconstructive surgery, and absolute chromophore concentrations in the flap and in the upper (skin and fat) layer were derived. The encouraging results obtained lay a foundation for developing more complex multidimensional models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Dot
- INSERM UGA U1209, Institute For Advanced Biosciences, F- 38700, Grenoble, France
| | - Georges Bettega
- Centre Hospitalier Annecy Genevois, F- 74374, Pringy, France
| | - Rodolphe Lartizien
- INSERM UGA U1209, Institute For Advanced Biosciences, F- 38700, Grenoble, France
- Centre Hospitalier Annecy Genevois, F- 74374, Pringy, France
| | - Michel Berger
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTBS, LS2P, F- 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Maxime Henry
- INSERM UGA U1209, Institute For Advanced Biosciences, F- 38700, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Jean-Luc Coll
- INSERM UGA U1209, Institute For Advanced Biosciences, F- 38700, Grenoble, France
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18
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Whitaker AA, Alwatban M, Freemyer A, Perales-Puchalt J, Billinger SA. Effects of high intensity interval exercise on cerebrovascular function: A systematic review. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241248. [PMID: 33119691 PMCID: PMC7595421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High intensity interval exercise (HIIE) improves aerobic fitness with decreased exercise time compared to moderate continuous exercise. A gap in knowledge exists regarding the effects of HIIE on cerebrovascular function such as cerebral blood velocity and autoregulation. The objective of this systematic review was to ascertain the effect of HIIE on cerebrovascular function in healthy individuals. We searched PubMed and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases with apriori key words. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews. Twenty articles were screened and thirteen articles were excluded due to not meeting the apriori inclusion criteria. Seven articles were reviewed via the modified Sackett’s quality evaluation. Outcomes included middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) (n = 4), dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) (n = 2), cerebral de/oxygenated hemoglobin (n = 2), cerebrovascular reactivity to carbon dioxide (CO2) (n = 2) and cerebrovascular conductance/resistance index (n = 1). Quality review was moderate with 3/7 to 5/7 quality criteria met. HIIE acutely lowered exercise MCAv compared to moderate intensity. HIIE decreased dCA phase following acute and chronic exercise compared to rest. HIIE acutely increased de/oxygenated hemoglobin compared to rest. HIIE acutely decreased cerebrovascular reactivity to higher CO2 compared to rest and moderate intensity. The acute and chronic effects of HIIE on cerebrovascular function vary depending on the outcomes measured. Therefore, future research is needed to confirm the effects of HIIE on cerebrovascular function in healthy individuals and better understand the effects in individuals with chronic conditions. In order to conduct rigorous systematic reviews in the future, we recommend assessing MCAv, dCA and CO2 reactivity during and post HIIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicen A. Whitaker
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Mohammed Alwatban
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Andrea Freemyer
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Jaime Perales-Puchalt
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Sandra A. Billinger
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Kojima S, Morishita S, Qin W, Tsubaki A. Cerebral Oxygenation Dynamics of the Prefrontal Cortex and Motor-Related Area During Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test: A Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1232:231-237. [PMID: 31893415 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34461-0_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX) has shown a correlation between prefrontal cortex (PFC) oxygenated hemoglobin (O2Hb) level and negative affective responses. We hypothesized that O2Hb changes differ between the PFC and motor-related areas. This study investigated changes in hemoglobin levels in the PFC and motor-related areas during CPX. Twelve young healthy adults participated in this study. They performed a CPX after 4 min of rest and 4 min of warming up. Cortical O2Hb, deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb), and total hemoglobin (THb) levels were measured with NIRS during CPX. Regions of interest (ROI) were the PFC, premotor area (PMA), supplementary motor area (SMA), and primary motor cortex (M1). The anaerobic threshold (AT), respiratory compensation (RC), and peak oxygen uptake (Peak) points were determined. The rest, AT, RC and Peak points of O2Hb, HHb, and THb were averaged over 5 s; hemoglobin slopes, from RC to the Peak points, were calculated to compare functional changes in cortical oxygenation. Average values of O2Hb, HHb, and THb in each ROI were compared among the rest, AT, RC, and Peak points. Average values of hemoglobin slopes, from RC to Peak points, were compared among ROIs using Bonferroni multiple comparisons. The HHb of all ROIs significantly increased at Peak point, compared with at the AT point. THb of the PFC, PMA, and SMA significantly increased at the RC or Peak points, compared with at the rest point. Hemoglobin slopes, from RC to Peak, showed no significant differences among ROIs. Each ROI exhibited similar changes, regardless of cortical function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Kojima
- Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan. .,Institute for Human Movement and Medical Science, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Shinichiro Morishita
- Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan.,Institute for Human Movement and Medical Science, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Weixiang Qin
- Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan.,Institute for Human Movement and Medical Science, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Tsubaki
- Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan.,Institute for Human Movement and Medical Science, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
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20
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Sawosz P, Liebert A. Method to improve the depth sensitivity of diffuse reflectance measurements to absorption changes in optically turbid medium. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:5031-5041. [PMID: 31646028 PMCID: PMC6788621 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.005031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the spatial distributions of the sensitivity of time-resolved near-infrared diffuse reflectance measurement. Sensitivity factors representing a change of parameters of a measured optical signal induced by absorption perturbation in a certain voxel of the medium were simulated using the diffusion equation solution. The parameters were statistical moments of measured distributions of time of flight of photons (DTOFs) i.e., the total number of photons, mean time of flight and variance. The distributions of the sensitivity of statistical moments of DTOFs to a change in absorption were generated for various source-detector separations and various optical properties of the medium. Furthermore, differential sensitivity distributions for two different source-detector separations were calculated. A measurement geometry, in which two detection spots, separated by 5 mm, in combination with two sources was proposed. For this setup differences between the signals obtained for both detectors were calculated independently for both sources and afterward summed up for both source positions. Obtained differences in moments of DTOFs assessed at two source-detector separations and summed up for different positioning of the sources allowed to shape up the sensitivity profiles. Calculated sensitivity profiles show that positive sensitivities of the mean time of flight of photons and variance of the DTOF can be obtained. These positive sensitivity areas are located just between both detection spots and cover the compartment located deeply in the medium. The sensitivity in superficial compartments of the medium is negative and much smaller in amplitude. The proposed technique can be used for improved discrimination of optical signals related to the intracerebral change in absorption which remains a serious obstacle in the application of the NIRS technique in the assessment of brain oxygenation or perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Sawosz
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Liebert
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
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21
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Seidel O, Carius D, Roediger J, Rumpf S, Ragert P. Changes in neurovascular coupling during cycling exercise measured by multi-distance fNIRS: a comparison between endurance athletes and physically active controls. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:2957-2972. [PMID: 31506708 PMCID: PMC6794243 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05646-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that endurance exercise modulates the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and musculoskeletal system. However, knowledge about its effects on brain function and structure is rather sparse. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate exercise-dependent adaptations in neurovascular coupling to different intensity levels in motor-related brain regions. Moreover, expertise effects between trained endurance athletes (EA) and active control participants (ACP) during a cycling test were investigated using multi-distance functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Initially, participants performed an incremental cycling test (ICT) to assess peak values of power output (PPO) and cardiorespiratory parameters such as oxygen consumption volume (VO2max) and heart rate (HRmax). In a second session, participants cycled individual intensity levels of 20, 40, and 60% of PPO while measuring cardiorespiratory responses and neurovascular coupling. Our results revealed exercise-induced decreases of deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb), indicating an increased activation in motor-related brain areas such as primary motor cortex (M1) and premotor cortex (PMC). However, we could not find any differential effects in brain activation between EA and ACP. Future studies should extend this approach using whole-brain configurations and systemic physiological augmented fNIRS measurements, which seems to be of pivotal interest in studies aiming to assess neural activation in a sports-related context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Seidel
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Leipzig, Jahnallee 59, 04109, Leipzig, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Daniel Carius
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Leipzig, Jahnallee 59, 04109, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Roediger
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Leipzig, Jahnallee 59, 04109, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rumpf
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Leipzig, Jahnallee 59, 04109, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Patrick Ragert
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Leipzig, Jahnallee 59, 04109, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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22
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Chiarelli AM, Low KA, Maclin EL, Fletcher MA, Kong TS, Zimmerman B, Tan CH, Sutton BP, Fabiani M, Gratton G. The Optical Effective Attenuation Coefficient as an Informative Measure of Brain Health in Aging. PHOTONICS 2019; 6. [PMID: 32377515 PMCID: PMC7202715 DOI: 10.3390/photonics6030079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by widespread changes in brain tissue. Here, we hypothesized that head tissue opacity to near-infrared light provides information about the health status of the brain’s cortical mantle. In diffusive media such as the head, opacity is quantified through the Effective Attenuation Coefficient (EAC), which is proportional to the geometric mean of the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients. EAC is estimated by the slope of the relationship between source–detector distance and the logarithm of the amount of light reaching the detector (optical density). We obtained EAC maps across the head in 47 adults (age range 18–75 years), using a high-density dual-wavelength optical system. We correlated regional and global EAC measures with demographic, neuropsychological, structural and functional brain data. Results indicated that EAC values averaged across wavelengths were strongly associated with age-related changes in cortical thickness, as well as functional and neuropsychological measures. This is likely because the EAC largely depends on the thickness of the sub-arachnoid cerebrospinal fluid layer, which increases with cortical atrophy. In addition, differences in EAC values between wavelengths were correlated with tissue oxygenation and cardiorespiratory fitness, indicating that information about cortical health can be derived non-invasively by quantifying the EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio M. Chiarelli
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.M.C.); (M.F.); (G.G.)
| | - Kathy A. Low
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Edward L. Maclin
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Mark A. Fletcher
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Tania S. Kong
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Psychology Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Benjamin Zimmerman
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Chin Hong Tan
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Division of Psychology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639818, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Bradley P. Sutton
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Monica Fabiani
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Psychology Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
- Correspondence: (A.M.C.); (M.F.); (G.G.)
| | - Gabriele Gratton
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Psychology Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
- Correspondence: (A.M.C.); (M.F.); (G.G.)
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23
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Liu J, Zhu C, Jiang J, Xu K. Scattering-independent glucose absorption measurement using a spectrally resolved reflectance setup with specialized variable source-detector separations. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:5903-5914. [PMID: 31065402 PMCID: PMC6491023 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.005903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel approach for the accurate measurement of glucose absorption in turbid media using a spectrally resolved reflectance setup. Our proposed reflectance setup with specialized variable source-detector separations enables scattering-independent absorption measurement, which is critical to in vivo long-term glucose concentration monitoring. Starting from the first-order approximation of the radiative transfer equation (RTE), we developed a scattering-independent glucose absorption measurement method and then evaluated this approach by Monte Carlo simulations as well as tissue-mimicking phantom studies in which glucose concentration was accurately measured. Our study demonstrates the potential of our proposed scattering-independent absorption measurement technique as an effective tool to quantify glucose levels in turbid media, which is an important step towards future in vivo long-term glucose concentration monitoring in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Caigang Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jingying Jiang
- Paul C Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- These senior authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Kexin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- These senior authors contributed equally to this work
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24
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Gavgani AM, Wong RH, Howe PR, Hodgson DM, Walker FR, Nalivaiko E. Cybersickness-related changes in brain hemodynamics: A pilot study comparing transcranial Doppler and near-infrared spectroscopy assessments during a virtual ride on a roller coaster. Physiol Behav 2018; 191:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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25
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Giacalone G, Zanoletti M, Contini D, Re R, Spinelli L, Roveri L, Torricelli A. Cerebral time domain-NIRS: reproducibility analysis, optical properties, hemoglobin species and tissue oxygen saturation in a cohort of adult subjects. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:4987-5000. [PMID: 29188096 PMCID: PMC5695946 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.004987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The reproducibility of cerebral time-domain near-infrared spectroscopy (TD-NIRS) has not been investigated so far. Besides, reference intervals of cerebral optical properties, of absolute concentrations of deoxygenated-hemoglobin (HbR), oxygenated-hemoglobin (HbO), total hemoglobin (HbT) and tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) and their variability have not been reported. We have addressed these issues on a sample of 88 adult healthy subjects. TD-NIRS measurements at 690, 785, 830 nm were fitted with the diffusion model for semi-infinite homogenous media. Reproducibility, performed on 3 measurements at 5 minutes intervals, ranges from 1.8 to 6.9% for each of the hemoglobin species. The mean ± SD global values of HbR, HbO, HbT, StO2 are respectively 24 ± 7 μM, 33.3 ± 9.5 μM, 57.4 ± 15.8 μM, 58 ± 4.2%. StO2 displays the narrowest range of variability across brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Giacalone
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Department, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- University “Vita-Salute” San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Zanoletti
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Contini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Rebecca Re
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Roveri
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Department, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- University “Vita-Salute” San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- These authors contributed equally to this paper
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
- These authors contributed equally to this paper
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26
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Kenville R, Maudrich T, Carius D, Ragert P. Hemodynamic Response Alterations in Sensorimotor Areas as a Function of Barbell Load Levels during Squatting: An fNIRS Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:241. [PMID: 28555098 PMCID: PMC5430058 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) serves as a promising tool to examine hemodynamic response alterations in a sports-scientific context. The present study aimed to investigate how brain activity within the human motor system changes its processing in dependency of different barbell load conditions while executing a barbell squat (BS). Additionally, we used different fNIRS probe configurations to identify and subsequently eliminate potential exercise induced systemic confounders such as increases in extracerebral blood flow. Ten healthy, male participants were enrolled in a crossover design. Participants performed a BS task with random barbell load levels (0% 1RM (1 repetition maximum), 20% 1RM and 40% 1RM for a BS) during fNIRS recordings. Initially, we observed global hemodynamic response alterations within and outside the human motor system. However, short distance channel regression of fNIRS data revealed a focalized hemodynamic response alteration within bilateral superior parietal lobe (SPL) for oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) and not for deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb) when comparing different load levels. These findings indicate that the previously observed load/force-brain relationship for simple and isolated movements is also present in complex multi-joint movements such as the BS. Altogether, our results show the feasibility of fNIRS to investigate brain processing in a sports-related context. We suggest for future studies to incorporate short distance channel regression of fNIRS data to reduce the likelihood of false-positive hemodynamic response alterations during complex whole movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouven Kenville
- Faculty of Sport Science, Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, University of LeipzigLeipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzig, Germany
| | - Tom Maudrich
- Faculty of Sport Science, Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, University of LeipzigLeipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Carius
- Faculty of Sport Science, Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, University of LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
| | - Patrick Ragert
- Faculty of Sport Science, Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, University of LeipzigLeipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzig, Germany
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