1
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Frost BL, Janjušević NP, Strimbu CE, Hendon CP. Compressed sensing on displacement signals measured with optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:5539-5554. [PMID: 38021133 PMCID: PMC10659783 DOI: 10.1364/boe.503168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is capable of angstrom-scale vibrometry of particular interest to researchers of auditory mechanics. We develop a method for compressed sensing vibrometry using OCT that significantly reduces acquisition time for dense motion maps. Our method, based on total generalized variation with uniform subsampling, can reduce the number of samples needed to measure motion maps by a factor of ten with less than 5% normalized mean square error when tested on a diverse set of in vivo measurements from the gerbil cochlea. This opens up the possibility for more complex in vivo experiments for cochlear mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L. Frost
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W. 120th St., Mudd 1310, New York, NY 10027,
USA
| | - Nikola P. Janjušević
- New York University, Tandon School of
Engineering, Electrical and Computer
Engineering, 370 Jay St, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - C. Elliott Strimbu
- Columbia
University, Department of Otolaryngology, 630 West 168th
Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Christine P. Hendon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W. 120th St., Mudd 1310, New York, NY 10027,
USA
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2
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Wei F, Hagan K, Viehland C, Tao YK, Kuo AN, Izatt JA, Dhalla AH. Hybrid spiral scanning in a double-clad fiber-based handheld confocal scanning light ophthalmoscope. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:5162-5181. [PMID: 37854550 PMCID: PMC10581785 DOI: 10.1364/boe.500608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
High-speed, accessible, and robust in vivo imaging of the human retina is critical for screening of retinal pathologies, such as diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and others. Scanning light ophthalmoscopy (SLO) is a retinal imaging modality that produces digital, en face images of the human retina with superior image gradability rates when compared to the current standard of care in screening for these diseases, namely the flood-illumination handheld fundus camera (HFC). However, current-generation commercial SLO systems are mostly tabletop devices, limiting their accessibility and utility in screening applications. Moreover, most existing SLO systems use raster scan patterns, which are both inefficient and lead to undesired subject gaze drift when used with visible or pseudo-visible illumination. Non-raster scan patterns, especially spiral scanning as described herein, promise advantages in both scan efficiency and reduced subject eye motion. In this work, we introduce a novel "hybrid spiral" scan pattern and the associated hardware design and real-time image reconstruction techniques necessary for its implementation in an SLO system. Building upon this core hybrid spiral scanning SLO (HSS-SLO) technology, we go on to present a complete handheld HSS-SLO system, featuring a fiber-coupled portable patient interface which leverages a dual-clad fiber (DCF) to form a single-path optical topology, thus ensuring mechanically robust co-alignment of illumination and collection apertures, a necessity for a handheld system. The feasibility of HSS-SLO for handheld, in vivo imaging is demonstrated by imaging eight human volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Kristen Hagan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Christian Viehland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Yuankai K. Tao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Anthony N. Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Joseph A. Izatt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Al-Hafeez Dhalla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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3
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Mino T, Moriguchi Y, Tamura M, Matsumoto A, Kubota A, Akiba M, Hwang Y, Makita S, Yasuno Y, Enaida H, Fujimoto JG, Wang Z. Extended and adjustable field-of-view of variable interscan time analysis by ammonite-scanning swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:4112-4125. [PMID: 37799706 PMCID: PMC10549733 DOI: 10.1364/boe.491611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel scanning protocol, ammonite scan, is proposed for widefield optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and relative retinal blood flow velocity imaging in the human retina using variable interscan time analysis (VISTA). A repeated circle scan using a 400 kHz swept-source was employed to achieve an interscan time of 1.28 ms. The center of the repeated circular scan continuously moved spirally towards the peripheral region, ensuring an extended and adjustable scan range while preserving the short interscan time. Image artifacts due to eye movement were eliminated via extra motion-correction processing using data redundancy. The relative blood flow velocity in superficial and deep plexus layers was calculated from the VISTA image, and their ratio was used to explore the microvascular flow parameter in the healthy human eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Mino
- Topcon Advanced Biomedical Imaging Laboratory, Topcon Medical Systems, 111 Bauer Drive, Oakland, NJ 07436, USA
- Research & Development Division, Topcon Corporation, 75-1 Hasunuma-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 174-8580, Japan
| | - Yoshikiyo Moriguchi
- Research & Development Division, Topcon Corporation, 75-1 Hasunuma-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 174-8580, Japan
| | - Masato Tamura
- Research & Development Division, Topcon Corporation, 75-1 Hasunuma-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 174-8580, Japan
| | - Akiko Matsumoto
- Research & Development Division, Topcon Corporation, 75-1 Hasunuma-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 174-8580, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kubota
- Research & Development Division, Topcon Corporation, 75-1 Hasunuma-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 174-8580, Japan
| | - Masahiro Akiba
- Research & Development Division, Topcon Corporation, 75-1 Hasunuma-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 174-8580, Japan
| | - Yunchan Hwang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shuichi Makita
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Enaida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - James G. Fujimoto
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zhenguo Wang
- Topcon Advanced Biomedical Imaging Laboratory, Topcon Medical Systems, 111 Bauer Drive, Oakland, NJ 07436, USA
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4
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Hao S, Amaral MM, Zhou C. High dynamic range 3D motion tracking using circular scans with optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:3881-3898. [PMID: 37799687 PMCID: PMC10549755 DOI: 10.1364/boe.493725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Motion artifacts, from such sources as heartbeats, respiration, or peristalsis, often degrade microscopic images or videos of live subjects. We have developed a method using circular optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans to track the transverse and axial motion of biological samples at speeds ranging from several micrometers per second to several centimeters per second. We achieve fast and high-precision measurements of the magnitude and direction of the sample's motion by adaptively controlling the circular scan pattern settings and applying interframe and intraframe analyses. These measurements are the basis of active motion compensation via feedback control for future in vivo microscopic and macroscopic imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senyue Hao
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering,
Washington University in Saint Louis, USA
| | - Marcello Magri Amaral
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, USA
- Biomedical Engineering, Universidade Brasil, Brazil
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering,
Washington University in Saint Louis, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, USA
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5
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de Castro A, Martínez-Enríquez E, Marcos S. Effect of fixational eye movements in corneal topography measurements with optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:2138-2152. [PMID: 37206127 PMCID: PMC10191639 DOI: 10.1364/boe.486460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in applying optical coherence tomography (OCT) to quantify the topography of ocular structures. However, in its most usual configuration, OCT data is acquired sequentially while a beam is scanned through the region of interest, and the presence of fixational eye movements can affect the accuracy of the technique. Several scan patterns and motion correction algorithms have been proposed to minimize this effect, but there is no consensus on the ideal parameters to obtain a correct topography. We have acquired corneal OCT images with raster and radial patterns, and modeled the data acquisition in the presence of eye movements. The simulations replicate the experimental variability in shape (radius of curvature and Zernike polynomials), corneal power, astigmatism, and calculated wavefront aberrations. The variability of the Zernike modes is highly dependent on the scan pattern, with higher variability in the direction of the slow scan axis. The model can be a useful tool to design motion correction algorithms and to determine the variability with different scan patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto de Castro
- Instituto de Óptica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Susana Marcos
- Instituto de Óptica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Visual Science, The Institute of Optics, Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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6
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Makita S, Azuma S, Mino T, Yamaguchi T, Miura M, Yasuno Y. Extending field-of-view of retinal imaging by optical coherence tomography using convolutional Lissajous and slow scan patterns. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:5212-5230. [PMID: 36425618 PMCID: PMC9664899 DOI: 10.1364/boe.467563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a high-speed non-invasive cross-sectional imaging technique. Although its imaging speed is high, three-dimensional high-spatial-sampling-density imaging of in vivo tissues with a wide field-of-view (FOV) is challenging. We employed convolved Lissajous and slow circular scanning patterns to extend the FOV of retinal OCT imaging with a 1-µm, 100-kHz-sweep-rate swept-source OCT prototype system. Displacements of sampling points due to eye movements are corrected by post-processing based on a Lissajous scan. Wide FOV three-dimensional retinal imaging with high sampling density and motion correction is achieved. Three-dimensional structures obtained using repeated imaging sessions of a healthy volunteer and two patients showed good agreement. The demonstrated technique will extend the FOV of simple point-scanning OCT, such as commercial ophthalmic OCT devices, without sacrificing sampling density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Makita
- Computational Optics Group,
University of Tsukuba, 1–1–1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8573, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Azuma
- Topcon Corporation, 75–1 Hasunumacho, Itabashi, Tokyo 174–8580, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Mino
- Topcon Corporation, 75–1 Hasunumacho, Itabashi, Tokyo 174–8580, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Yamaguchi
- Topcon Corporation, 75–1 Hasunumacho, Itabashi, Tokyo 174–8580, Japan
| | - Masahiro Miura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3–20–1 Chuo, Ami, Ibaraki 300–0395, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group,
University of Tsukuba, 1–1–1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8573, Japan
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7
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Zuo R, Irsch K, Kang JU. Higher-order regression three-dimensional motion-compensation method for real-time optical coherence tomography volumetric imaging of the cornea. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:JBO-210383GRR. [PMID: 35751143 PMCID: PMC9232272 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.6.066006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows high-resolution volumetric three-dimensional (3D) imaging of biological tissues in vivo. However, 3D-image acquisition can be time-consuming and often suffers from motion artifacts due to involuntary and physiological movements of the tissue, limiting the reproducibility of quantitative measurements. AIM To achieve real-time 3D motion compensation for corneal tissue with high accuracy. APPROACH We propose an OCT system for volumetric imaging of the cornea, capable of compensating both axial and lateral motion with micron-scale accuracy and millisecond-scale time consumption based on higher-order regression. Specifically, the system first scans three reference B-mode images along the C-axis before acquiring a standard C-mode image. The difference between the reference and volumetric images is compared using a surface-detection algorithm and higher-order polynomials to deduce 3D motion and remove motion-related artifacts. RESULTS System parameters are optimized, and performance is evaluated using both phantom and corneal (ex vivo) samples. An overall motion-artifact error of <4.61 microns and processing time of about 3.40 ms for each B-scan was achieved. CONCLUSIONS Higher-order regression achieved effective and real-time compensation of 3D motion artifacts during corneal imaging. The approach can be expanded to 3D imaging of other ocular tissues. Implementing such motion-compensation strategies has the potential to improve the reliability of objective and quantitative information that can be extracted from volumetric OCT measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhi Zuo
- Johns Hopkins University, Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Kristina Irsch
- Vision Institute, CNRS, Paris, France
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Jin U. Kang
- Johns Hopkins University, Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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8
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Zhu L, Makita S, Oida D, Miyazawa A, Oikawa K, Mukherjee P, Lichtenegger A, Distel M, Yasuno Y. Computational refocusing of Jones matrix polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography and investigation of defocus-induced polarization artifacts. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:2975-2994. [PMID: 35774308 PMCID: PMC9203103 DOI: 10.1364/boe.454975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate a long-depth-of-focus imaging method using polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT). This method involves a combination of Fresnel-diffraction-model-based phase sensitive computational refocusing and Jones-matrix based PS-OCT (JM-OCT). JM-OCT measures four complex OCT images corresponding to four polarization channels. These OCT images are computationally refocused as preserving the mutual phase consistency. This method is validated using a static phantom, postmortem zebrafish, and ex vivo porcine muscle samples. All the samples demonstrated successful computationally-refocused birefringence and degree-of-polarization-uniformity (DOPU) images. We found that defocusing induces polarization artifacts, i.e., incorrectly high birefringence values and low DOPU values, which are substantially mitigated by computational refocusing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Zhu
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shuichi Makita
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Oida
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Arata Miyazawa
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Sky technology Inc., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kensuke Oikawa
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Pradipta Mukherjee
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Antonia Lichtenegger
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Distel
- Innovative Cancer Models, St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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9
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Mazlin V, Xiao P, Irsch K, Scholler J, Groux K, Grieve K, Fink M, Boccara AC. Optical phase modulation by natural eye movements: application to time-domain FF-OCT image retrieval. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:902-920. [PMID: 35284184 PMCID: PMC8884228 DOI: 10.1364/boe.445393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Eye movements are commonly seen as an obstacle to high-resolution ophthalmic imaging. In this context we study the natural axial movements of the in vivo human eye and show that they can be used to modulate the optical phase and retrieve tomographic images via time-domain full-field optical coherence tomography (TD-FF-OCT). This approach opens a path to a simplified ophthalmic TD-FF-OCT device, operating without the usual piezo motor-camera synchronization. The device demonstrates in vivo human corneal images under the different image retrieval schemes (2-phase and 4-phase) and different exposure times (3.5 ms, 10 ms, 20 ms). Data on eye movements, acquired with a spectral-domain OCT with axial eye tracking (180 B-scans/s), are used to study the influence of ocular motion on the probability of capturing high-signal tomographic images without phase washout. The optimal combinations of camera acquisition speed and amplitude of piezo modulation are proposed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viacheslav Mazlin
- ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Langevin Institute, 1 Rue Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Peng Xiao
- ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Langevin Institute, 1 Rue Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kristina Irsch
- Vision Institute, Sorbonne University, CNRS, INSERM, 17 Rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France
- Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, 28 Rue de Charenton, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Jules Scholler
- ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Langevin Institute, 1 Rue Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
- Wyss Center for Bio and Neuroengineering, Chem. des Mines 9, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kassandra Groux
- ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Langevin Institute, 1 Rue Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Kate Grieve
- Vision Institute, Sorbonne University, CNRS, INSERM, 17 Rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France
- Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, 28 Rue de Charenton, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Mathias Fink
- ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Langevin Institute, 1 Rue Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - A. Claude Boccara
- ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Langevin Institute, 1 Rue Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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10
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El-Sadek IA, Miyazawa A, Shen LTW, Makita S, Mukherjee P, Lichtenegger A, Matsusaka S, Yasuno Y. Three-dimensional dynamics optical coherence tomography for tumor spheroid evaluation. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:6844-6863. [PMID: 34858684 PMCID: PMC8606131 DOI: 10.1364/boe.440444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a completely label-free three-dimensional (3D) optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based tissue dynamics imaging method for visualization and quantification of the metabolic and necrotic activities of tumor spheroid. Our method is based on a custom 3D scanning protocol that is designed to capture volumetric tissue dynamics tomography images only in a few tens of seconds. The method was applied to the evaluation of a tumor spheroid. The time-course viability alteration and anti-cancer drug response of the spheroid were visualized qualitatively and analyzed quantitatively. The similarity between the OCT-based dynamics images and fluorescence microscope images was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Abd El-Sadek
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta City, 34517, Damietta, Egypt
| | | | - Larina Tzu-Wei Shen
- Clinical Research and Regional Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Shuichi Makita
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Pradipta Mukherjee
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Antonia Lichtenegger
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 4L, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Satoshi Matsusaka
- Clinical Research and Regional Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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11
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Tan O, Chen A, Li Y, Bailey S, Hwang TS, Lauer AK, Chiang MF, Huang D. Prospective evaluation of optical coherence tomography for disease detection in the Casey mobile eye clinic. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:2214-2221. [PMID: 34521225 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211037262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate iVue Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) effectiveness in screening for eye disease compared to clinical examination. Subjects were recruited from the Casey Eye Community Outreach Program Mobile Clinic during its routinely scheduled outreach clinics to indigent, underserved populations throughout Oregon. Macular optical coherence tomography interpretation and automated optical coherence tomography analysis were compared to the clinical examination, with specific attention to findings indicative of retinal abnormalities, risks for glaucoma, and narrow angles. As a result, a total of 114 subjects were included in this study. In diabetics, optical coherence tomography and clinical exam were in fair agreement (kappa = 0.39), with 22% of eyes having abnormal findings on macular optical coherence tomography and 26% of eyes having diabetic retinopathy or diabetic macular edema on fundus exam. In non-diabetics, optical coherence tomography and clinical exam were in fair agreement (kappa = 0.28), with 11% of eyes having abnormal findings on macular optical coherence tomography and 9% on fundus exam. Using optical coherence tomography ganglion cell complex and retinal nerve fiber layer analysis, 18% of eyes were found to be glaucoma suspects, whereas clinical exam of cup-to-disc ratio detected 8% and intraocular pressure 5%. Agreements between optical coherence tomography and other methods were poor (kappa < 0.11) for glaucoma suspect. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography of the angle found 8% of eyes to have occludable angles, whereas slit lamp and gonioscopy found 5% of eyes to have narrow angles, with moderate agreement (kappa = 0.57). In summary, optical coherence tomography detected additional retinal abnormalities, glaucoma suspects, and narrow angles compared to clinical exam alone and may serve as a useful adjunct to the clinical exam in screening for eye disease in a low-risk, medically underserved, ethnically diverse population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ou Tan
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, OR 97239, USA
| | - Aiyin Chen
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, OR 97239, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, OR 97239, USA
| | - Steven Bailey
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, OR 97239, USA
| | - Thomas S Hwang
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, OR 97239, USA
| | - Andreas K Lauer
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, OR 97239, USA
| | - Michael F Chiang
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, OR 97239, USA
| | - David Huang
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, OR 97239, USA
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12
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Wang Y, Warter A, Cavichini-Cordeiro M, Freeman WR, Bartsch DUG, Nguyen TQ, An C. LEARNING TO CORRECT AXIAL MOTION IN OCT FOR 3D RETINAL IMAGING. PROCEEDINGS. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING 2021; 2021:126-130. [PMID: 35950046 PMCID: PMC9359411 DOI: 10.1109/icip42928.2021.9506620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a powerful technique for non-invasive 3D imaging of biological tissues at high resolution that has revolutionized retinal imaging. A major challenge in OCT imaging is the motion artifacts introduced by involuntary eye movements. In this paper, we propose a convolutional neural network that learns to correct axial motion in OCT based on a single volumetric scan. The proposed method is able to correct large motion, while preserving the overall curvature of the retina. The experimental results show significant improvements in visual quality as well as overall error compared to the conventional methods in both normal and disease cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqian Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego
| | - Alexandra Warter
- Jacobs Retina Center, Shiley Eye Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - William R Freeman
- Jacobs Retina Center, Shiley Eye Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Truong Q Nguyen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego
| | - Cheolhong An
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego
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13
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McLean JP, Hendon CP. 3-D compressed sensing optical coherence tomography using predictive coding. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:2531-2549. [PMID: 33996246 PMCID: PMC8086477 DOI: 10.1364/boe.421848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We present a compressed sensing (CS) algorithm and sampling strategy for reconstructing 3-D Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) image volumes from as little as 10% of the original data. Reconstruction using the proposed method, Denoising Predictive Coding (DN-PC), is demonstrated for five clinically relevant tissue types including human heart, retina, uterus, breast, and bovine ligament. DN-PC reconstructs the difference between adjacent b-scans in a volume and iteratively applies Gaussian filtering to improve image sparsity. An a-line sampling strategy was developed that can be easily implemented in existing Spectral-Domain OCT systems and reduce scan time by up to 90%.
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14
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Luo T, Warner RL, Sapoznik KA, Walker BR, Burns SA. Template free eye motion correction for scanning systems. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:753-756. [PMID: 33577506 PMCID: PMC8447858 DOI: 10.1364/ol.415285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Scanning imaging systems are susceptible to image warping in the presence of target motion occurring within the time required to acquire an individual image frame. In this Letter, we introduce the use of a dual raster scanning approach to correct for motion distortion without the need for prior knowledge of the undistorted image. In the dual scanning approach, the target is imaged simultaneously with two imaging beams from the same imaging system. The two imaging beams share a common pupil but have a spatial shift between the beams on the imaging plane. The spatial shift can be used to measure high speed events, because it measures an identical region at two different times within the time required for acquisition of a single frame. In addition, it provides accurate spatial information, since two different regions on the target are imaged simultaneously, providing an undistorted estimate of the spatial relation between regions. These spatial and temporal relations accurately measure target motion. Data from adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) imaging of the human retina are used to demonstrate this technique. We apply the technique to correct the shearing of retinal images produced by eye motion. Three control subjects were measured while imaging different retinal layers and retinal locations to qualify the effectiveness of the algorithm. Since the time shift between channels is readily adjustable, this method can be tuned to match different imaging situations. The major requirement is the need to separate the two images; in our case, we used different near infrared spectral regions and dichroic filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Luo
- Optometry School, Indiana University Bloomington, 800 Atwater Ave., Bloomington, IN 47045
| | - Raymond L. Warner
- Optometry School, Indiana University Bloomington, 800 Atwater Ave., Bloomington, IN 47045
| | - Kaitlyn A Sapoznik
- Optometry School, Indiana University Bloomington, 800 Atwater Ave., Bloomington, IN 47045
| | - Brittany R. Walker
- Optometry School, Indiana University Bloomington, 800 Atwater Ave., Bloomington, IN 47045
| | - Stephen A. Burns
- Optometry School, Indiana University Bloomington, 800 Atwater Ave., Bloomington, IN 47045
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15
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Ploner SB, Kraus MF, Moult EM, Husvogt L, Schottenhamml J, Yasin Alibhai A, Waheed NK, Duker JS, Fujimoto JG, Maier AK. Efficient and high accuracy 3-D OCT angiography motion correction in pathology. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:125-146. [PMID: 33520381 PMCID: PMC7818965 DOI: 10.1364/boe.411117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We describe a novel method for non-rigid 3-D motion correction of orthogonally raster-scanned optical coherence tomography angiography volumes. This is the first approach that aligns predominantly axial structural features such as retinal layers as well as transverse angiographic vascular features in a joint optimization. Combined with orthogonal scanning and favorization of kinematically more plausible displacements, subpixel alignment and micrometer-scale distortion correction is achieved in all 3 dimensions. As no specific structures are segmented, the method is by design robust to pathologic changes. Furthermore, the method is designed for highly parallel implementation and short runtime, allowing its integration into clinical workflow even for high density or wide-field scans. We evaluated the algorithm with metrics related to clinically relevant features in an extensive quantitative evaluation based on 204 volumetric scans of 17 subjects, including patients with diverse pathologies and healthy controls. Using this method, we achieve state-of-the-art axial motion correction and show significant advances in both transverse co-alignment and distortion correction, especially in the subgroup with pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan B. Ploner
- Pattern Recognition Lab,
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg,
Martensstr. 3, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
- Department of Electrical Engineering and
Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139,
USA
| | - Martin F. Kraus
- Pattern Recognition Lab,
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg,
Martensstr. 3, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Eric M. Moult
- Department of Electrical Engineering and
Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139,
USA
| | - Lennart Husvogt
- Pattern Recognition Lab,
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg,
Martensstr. 3, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
- Department of Electrical Engineering and
Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139,
USA
| | - Julia Schottenhamml
- Pattern Recognition Lab,
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg,
Martensstr. 3, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - A. Yasin Alibhai
- New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical
Center, 800 Washington St. Box 450, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Nadia K. Waheed
- New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical
Center, 800 Washington St. Box 450, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Jay S. Duker
- New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical
Center, 800 Washington St. Box 450, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - James G. Fujimoto
- Department of Electrical Engineering and
Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139,
USA
| | - Andreas K. Maier
- Pattern Recognition Lab,
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg,
Martensstr. 3, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
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16
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Kurokawa K, Crowell JA, Do N, Lee JJ, Miller DT. Multi-reference global registration of individual A-lines in adaptive optics optical coherence tomography retinal images. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-200266R. [PMID: 33410310 PMCID: PMC7787477 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.1.016001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Adaptive optics optical coherence tomography (AO-OCT) technology enables non-invasive, high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) imaging of the retina and promises earlier detection of ocular disease. However, AO-OCT data are corrupted by eye-movement artifacts that must be removed in post-processing, a process rendered time-consuming by the immense quantity of data. AIM To efficiently remove eye-movement artifacts at the level of individual A-lines, including those present in any individual reference volume. APPROACH We developed a registration method that cascades (1) a 3D B-scan registration algorithm with (2) a global A-line registration algorithm for correcting torsional eye movements and image scaling and generating global motion-free coordinates. The first algorithm corrects 3D translational eye movements to a single reference volume, accelerated using parallel computing. The second algorithm combines outputs of multiple runs of the first algorithm using different reference volumes followed by an affine transformation, permitting registration of all images to a global coordinate system at the level of individual A-lines. RESULTS The 3D B-scan algorithm estimates and corrects 3D translational motions with high registration accuracy and robustness, even for volumes containing microsaccades. Averaging registered volumes improves our image quality metrics up to 22 dB. Implementation in CUDA™ on a graphics processing unit registers a 512 × 512 × 512 volume in only 10.6 s, 150 times faster than MATLAB™ on a central processing unit. The global A-line algorithm minimizes image distortion, improves regularity of the cone photoreceptor mosaic, and supports enhanced visualization of low-contrast retinal cellular features. Averaging registered volumes improves our image quality up to 9.4 dB. It also permits extending the imaging field of view (∼2.1 × ) and depth of focus (∼5.6 × ) beyond what is attainable with single-reference registration. CONCLUSIONS We can efficiently correct eye motion in all 3D at the level of individual A-lines using a global coordinate system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Kurokawa
- Indiana University, School of Optometry, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - James A. Crowell
- Indiana University, School of Optometry, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Nhan Do
- Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Google, Mountain View, California, United States
| | - John J. Lee
- Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Donald T. Miller
- Indiana University, School of Optometry, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
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17
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Athwal A, Balaratnasingam C, Yu DY, Heisler M, Sarunic MV, Ju MJ. Optimizing 3D retinal vasculature imaging in diabetic retinopathy using registration and averaging of OCT-A. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:553-570. [PMID: 33659089 PMCID: PMC7899521 DOI: 10.1364/boe.408590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
High resolution visualization of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCT-A) data is required to fully take advantage of the imaging modality's three-dimensional nature. However, artifacts induced by patient motion often degrade OCT-A data quality. This is especially true for patients with deteriorated focal vision, such as those with diabetic retinopathy (DR). We propose a novel methodology for software-based OCT-A motion correction achieved through serial acquisition, volumetric registration, and averaging. Motion artifacts are removed via a multi-step 3D registration process, and visibility is significantly enhanced through volumetric averaging. We demonstrate that this method permits clear 3D visualization of retinal pathologies and their surrounding features, 3D visualization of inner retinal capillary connections, as well as reliable visualization of the choriocapillaris layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Athwal
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Chandrakumar Balaratnasingam
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dao-Yi Yu
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Morgan Heisler
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Marinko V. Sarunic
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Myeong Jin Ju
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, 2550 Willow Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 3N9, Canada
- University of British Columbia, School of Biomedical Engineering, 251–2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6 T 1Z3, Canada
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18
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Makita S, Miura M, Azuma S, Mino T, Yamaguchi T, Yasuno Y. Accurately motion-corrected Lissajous OCT with multi-type image registration. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:637-653. [PMID: 33659092 PMCID: PMC7899516 DOI: 10.1364/boe.409004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Passive motion correction methods for optical coherence tomography (OCT) use image registration to estimate eye movements. To improve motion correction, a multi-image cross-correlation that employs spatial features in different image types is introduced. Lateral motion correction using en face OCT and OCT-A projections on Lissajous-scanned OCT data is applied. Motion correction using OCT-A projection of whole depth and OCT amplitude, OCT logarithmic intensity, and OCT maximum intensity projections were evaluated in retinal imaging with 76 patients. The proposed method was compared with motion correction using OCT-A projection of whole depth. The comparison shows improvements in the image quality of motion-corrected superficial OCT-A images and image registration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Makita
- Computation Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
- Computational Optics and Ophthalmology Group, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Miura
- Computational Optics and Ophthalmology Group, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuo, Ami, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Azuma
- Topcon Corporation, 75-1 Hasunumacho, Itabashi, Tokyo 174-8580, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Mino
- Topcon Corporation, 75-1 Hasunumacho, Itabashi, Tokyo 174-8580, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Yamaguchi
- Topcon Corporation, 75-1 Hasunumacho, Itabashi, Tokyo 174-8580, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computation Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
- Computational Optics and Ophthalmology Group, Ibaraki, Japan
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19
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Li Z, Pandiyan VP, Maloney-Bertelli A, Jiang X, Li X, Sabesan R. Correcting intra-volume distortion for AO-OCT using 3D correlation based registration. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:38390-38409. [PMID: 33379652 PMCID: PMC7771894 DOI: 10.1364/oe.410374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive optics (AO) based ophthalmic imagers, such as scanning laser ophthalmoscopes (SLO) and optical coherence tomography (OCT), are used to evaluate the structure and function of the retina with high contrast and resolution. Fixational eye movements during a raster-scanned image acquisition lead to intra-frame and intra-volume distortion, resulting in an inaccurate reproduction of the underlying retinal structure. For three-dimensional (3D) AO-OCT, segmentation-based and 3D correlation based registration methods have been applied to correct eye motion and achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio registered volume. This involves first selecting a reference volume, either manually or automatically, and registering the image/volume stream against the reference using correlation methods. However, even within the chosen reference volume, involuntary eye motion persists and affects the accuracy with which the 3D retinal structure is finally rendered. In this article, we introduced reference volume distortion correction for AO-OCT using 3D correlation based registration and demonstrate a significant improvement in registration performance via a few metrics. Conceptually, the general paradigm follows that developed previously for intra-frame distortion correction for 2D raster-scanned images, as in an AOSLO, but extended here across all three spatial dimensions via 3D correlation analyses. We performed a frequency analysis of eye motion traces before and after intra-volume correction and revealed how periodic artifacts in eye motion estimates are effectively reduced upon correction. Further, we quantified how the intra-volume distortions and periodic artifacts in the eye motion traces, in general, decrease with increasing AO-OCT acquisition speed. Overall, 3D correlation based registration with intra-volume correction significantly improved the visualization of retinal structure and estimation of fixational eye movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghan Li
- Key Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610209, China
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610209, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Vimal Prabhu Pandiyan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | | | - Xiaoyun Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Xinyang Li
- Key Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610209, China
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610209, China
| | - Ramkumar Sabesan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
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20
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Ksenofontov SY, Shilyagin PA, Terpelov DA, Gelikonov VM, Gelikonov GV. Numerical method for axial motion artifact correction in retinal spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2020; 13:393-401. [PMID: 36641561 PMCID: PMC9743928 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-019-0951-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A numerical method that compensates image distortions caused by random fluctuations of the distance to an object in spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) has been proposed and verified experimentally. The proposed method is based on the analysis of the phase shifts between adjacent scans that are caused by micrometer-scale displacements and the subsequent compensation for the displacements through phase-frequency correction in the spectral space. The efficiency of the method is demonstrated in model experiments with harmonic and random movements of a scattering object as well as during in vivo imaging of the retina of the human eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Yu Ksenofontov
- BioMedTech Llc, Nizhny Novgorod, 603155, Russia
- Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Science, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - Pavel A Shilyagin
- Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Science, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia.
| | - Dmitry A Terpelov
- Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Science, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - Valentin M Gelikonov
- Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Science, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - Grigory V Gelikonov
- Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Science, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
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21
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Schwarzhans F, Desissaire S, Steiner S, Pircher M, Hitzenberger CK, Resch H, Vass C, Fischer G. Generating large field of view en-face projection images from intra-acquisition motion compensated volumetric optical coherence tomography data. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:6881-6904. [PMID: 33408968 PMCID: PMC7747913 DOI: 10.1364/boe.404738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A technique to generate large field of view projection maps of arbitrary optical coherence tomography (OCT) data is described. The technique is divided into two stages - an image acquisition stage that features a simple to use fast and robust retinal tracker to get motion free retinal OCT volume scans - and a stitching stage where OCT data from different retinal locations is first registered against a reference image using a custom pyramid-based approach and finally stitched together into one seamless large field of view (FOV) image. The method is applied to data recorded with a polarization sensitive OCT instrument in healthy subjects and glaucoma patients. The tracking and stitching accuracies are quantified, and finally, large FOV images of retinal nerve fiber layer retardation that contain the arcuate nerve fiber bundles from the optic nerve head to the raphe are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schwarzhans
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Sylvia Desissaire
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Stefan Steiner
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Michael Pircher
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Christoph K. Hitzenberger
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Hemma Resch
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Clemens Vass
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Georg Fischer
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
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22
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Abd El-Sadek I, Miyazawa A, Tzu-Wei Shen L, Makita S, Fukuda S, Yamashita T, Oka Y, Mukherjee P, Matsusaka S, Oshika T, Kano H, Yasuno Y. Optical coherence tomography-based tissue dynamics imaging for longitudinal and drug response evaluation of tumor spheroids. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:6231-6248. [PMID: 33282486 PMCID: PMC7687946 DOI: 10.1364/boe.404336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We present optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based tissue dynamics imaging method to visualize and quantify tissue dynamics such as subcellular motion based on statistical analysis of rapid-time-sequence OCT signals at the same location. The analyses include logarithmic intensity variance (LIV) method and two types of OCT correlation decay speed analysis (OCDS). LIV is sensitive to the magnitude of the signal fluctuations, while OCDSs including early- and late-OCDS (OCDS e and OCDS l , respectively) are sensitive to the fast and slow tissue dynamics, respectively. These methods were able to visualize and quantify the longitudinal necrotic process of a human breast adenocarcinoma spheroid and its anti-cancer drug response. Additionally, the effects of the number of OCT signals and the total acquisition time on dynamics imaging are examined. Small number of OCT signals, e.g., five or nine suffice for dynamics imaging when the total acquisition time is suitably long.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arata Miyazawa
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Larina Tzu-Wei Shen
- Clinical Research and Regional Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shuichi Makita
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shinichi Fukuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Advanced Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Yamashita
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuki Oka
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Pradipta Mukherjee
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsusaka
- Clinical Research and Regional Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Oshika
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kano
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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23
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Tan B, Sim R, Chua J, Wong DWK, Yao X, Garhöfer G, Schmidl D, Werkmeister RM, Schmetterer L. Approaches to quantify optical coherence tomography angiography metrics. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1205. [PMID: 33241054 PMCID: PMC7576021 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-3246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has revolutionized the field of ophthalmology in the last three decades. As an OCT extension, OCT angiography (OCTA) utilizes a fast OCT system to detect motion contrast in ocular tissue and provides a three-dimensional representation of the ocular vasculature in a non-invasive, dye-free manner. The first OCT machine equipped with OCTA function was approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2016 and now it is widely applied in clinics. To date, numerous methods have been developed to aid OCTA interpretation and quantification. In this review, we focused on the workflow of OCTA-based interpretation, beginning from the generation of the OCTA images using signal decorrelation, which we divided into intensity-based, phase-based and phasor-based methods. We further discussed methods used to address image artifacts that are commonly observed in clinical settings, to the algorithms for image enhancement, binarization, and OCTA metrics extraction. We believe a better grasp of these technical aspects of OCTA will enhance the understanding of the technology and its potential application in disease diagnosis and management. Moreover, future studies will also explore the use of ocular OCTA as a window to link ocular vasculature to the function of other organs such as the kidney and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyao Tan
- Institute for Health Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE) Program, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ralene Sim
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jacqueline Chua
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Damon W K Wong
- Institute for Health Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE) Program, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xinwen Yao
- Institute for Health Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE) Program, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gerhard Garhöfer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doreen Schmidl
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - René M Werkmeister
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leopold Schmetterer
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE) Program, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
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24
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Kim HJ, Song BJ, Choi Y, Kim BM. Cross-scanning optical coherence tomography angiography for eye motion correction. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e202000170. [PMID: 32475032 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We propose a cross-scanning optical coherence tomography (CS-OCT) system to correct eye motion artifacts in OCT angiography images. This system employs a dual-illumination configuration with two orthogonally polarized beams, each of which simultaneously perform raster scanning in perpendicular direction with each other over the same area. In the reference arm, a polarization delay unit is used to acquire the two orthogonally polarized interferograms with a single photo detector by introducing different optical delay lines. The two cross-scanned volume data are affected by the same eye motion but in two orthogonal directions. We developed a motion correction algorithm, which removes artifacts in the slow axis of each angiogram using the other and merges them through a nonrigid registration algorithm. In this manner, we obtained a motion-corrected angiogram within a single volume scanning time without additional eye-tracking devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Jin Kim
- Institute of Global Health Technology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byeong Joo Song
- Department of Bioengineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngwoon Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Beop-Min Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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25
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Loewke NO, Qiu Z, Mandella MJ, Ertsey R, Loewke A, Gunaydin LA, Rosenthal EL, Contag CH, Solgaard O. Software-Based Phase Control, Video-Rate Imaging, and Real-Time Mosaicing With a Lissajous-Scanned Confocal Microscope. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2020; 39:1127-1137. [PMID: 31567074 PMCID: PMC8837204 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2019.2942552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We present software-based methods for automatic phase control and for mosaicing high-speed, Lissajous-scanned images. To achieve imaging speeds fast enough for mosaicing, we first increase the image update rate tenfold from 3 to 30 Hz, then vertically interpolate each sparse image in real-time to eliminate fixed pattern noise. We validate our methods by imaging fluorescent beads and automatically maintaining phase control over the course of one hour. We then image fixed mouse brain tissues at varying update rates and compare the resulting mosaics. Using reconstructed image data as feedback for phase control eliminates the need for phase sensors and feedback controllers, enabling long-term imaging experiments without additional hardware. Mosaicing subsampled images results in video-rate imaging speeds, nearly fully recovered spatial resolution, and millimeter-scale fields of view.
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Wang J, Zhang G, You Z. Design rules for dense and rapid Lissajous scanning. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2020; 6:101. [PMID: 34567710 PMCID: PMC8433367 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-020-00211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Lissajous microscanners are very popular in compact laser-scanning applications, such as solid-state light detection and ranging (LIDAR), owing to their high-quality factor and low power consumption. In the Lissajous scanner driven by a two-axis micro-electro-mechanical system scanning mirror (MEMS-SM), the design theory is insufficient to meet the temporal and spatial resolution at the same time. In this paper, the greatest common divisor of the two-axis driving frequency is used as the temporal resolution, the concept of the fill factor (FF) is used to describe the spatial resolution of the scanner, and a general algorithm for calculating the FF is presented. Combined with the characteristics of the Lissajous trajectory, three design rules of the general Lissajous scanner are proposed, and the design theory of the Lissajous scanner enabling MEMS LIDAR is perfected. Experimental results show that the proposed design rules can effectively meet the LIDAR design requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Wang
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Testing Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, 10084 Beijing, China
- Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gaofei Zhang
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Testing Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, 10084 Beijing, China
| | - Zheng You
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Testing Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, 10084 Beijing, China
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27
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Malone JD, El-Haddad MT, Yerramreddy SS, Oguz I, Tao YK. Handheld spectrally encoded coherence tomography and reflectometry for motion-corrected ophthalmic optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography. NEUROPHOTONICS 2019; 6:041102. [PMID: 32042852 PMCID: PMC6991137 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.6.4.041102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is the gold standard for quantitative ophthalmic imaging. The majority of commercial and research systems require patients to fixate and be imaged in a seated upright position, which limits the ability to perform ophthalmic imaging in bedridden or pediatric patients. Handheld OCT devices overcome this limitation, but image quality often suffers due to a lack of real-time aiming and patient eye and photographer motion. We describe a handheld spectrally encoded coherence tomography and reflectometry (SECTR) system that enables simultaneous en face reflectance and cross-sectional OCT imaging. The handheld probe utilizes a custom double-pass scan lens for fully telecentric OCT scanning with a compact optomechanical design and a rapid-prototyped enclosure to reduce the overall system size and weight. We also introduce a variable velocity scan waveform that allows for simultaneous acquisition of densely sampled OCT angiography (OCTA) volumes and widefield reflectance images, which enables high-resolution vascular imaging with precision motion-tracking for volumetric motion correction and multivolumetric mosaicking. Finally, we demonstrate in vivo human retinal OCT and OCT angiography (OCTA) imaging using handheld SECTR on a healthy volunteer. Clinical translation of handheld SECTR will allow for high-speed, motion-corrected widefield OCT and OCTA imaging in bedridden and pediatric patients who may benefit ophthalmic disease diagnosis and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D. Malone
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Mohamed T. El-Haddad
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Suhaas S. Yerramreddy
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Ipek Oguz
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Yuankai K. Tao
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Address all correspondence to Yuankai K. Tao, E-mail:
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28
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Review on Retrospective Procedures to Correct Retinal Motion Artefacts in OCT Imaging. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9132700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Motion artefacts from involuntary changes in eye fixation remain a major imaging issue in optical coherence tomography (OCT). This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of retrospective procedures to correct retinal motion and axial eye motion artefacts in OCT imaging. Following an overview of motion induced artefacts and correction strategies, a chronological survey of retrospective approaches since the introduction of OCT until the current days is presented. Pre-processing, registration, and validation techniques are described. The review finishes by discussing the limitations of the current techniques and the challenges to be tackled in future developments.
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29
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Wei X, Hormel TT, Pi S, Guo Y, Jian Y, Jia Y. High dynamic range optical coherence tomography angiography (HDR-OCTA). BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:3560-3571. [PMID: 31360605 PMCID: PMC6640830 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.003560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic range of current optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography (OCTA) images is limited by the fixed scanning intervals. High speed OCT devices introduce the possibility of extending the flow signal dynamic range. In this study, we created a novel scanning pattern for achieving high dynamic range (HDR)-OCTA with a superior scanning efficiency. We implemented a bidirectional, interleaved scanning pattern that is sensitive to different flow speeds by adjustable adjacent inter-scan time intervals. We found that an improved flow dynamic range can be achieved by generating 3 different B-scan time intervals using 3 repetitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wei
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Tristan T. Hormel
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Shaohua Pi
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Yukun Guo
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Yifan Jian
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Yali Jia
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
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Beer F, Wartak A, Pircher N, Holzer S, Lammer J, Schmidinger G, Baumann B, Pircher M, Hitzenberger CK. Mapping of Corneal Layer Thicknesses With Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography Using a Conical Scan Pattern. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:5579-5588. [PMID: 30481276 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We demonstrate segmentation and mapping of corneal layers (epithelium, Bowman's layer, and stroma) across the entire cornea (limbus to limbus), using additional contrast provided by polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) and analyze the reproducibility of the procedure. Methods A custom built PS-OCT system operating at 1045 nm central wavelength with conical scanning was used for image acquisition. Conical scanning allows for almost perpendicular beam incidence on the corneal surface and provides good signal quality over the entire field of view. Epithelium, Bowman's layer, and stroma were segmented using the additional contrast provided by PS-OCT. Thickness maps were computed and analyzed in sectors. Both eyes of 20 healthy volunteers were imaged at least three times to test this method and to quantify reproducibility. Results Thickness maps of the epithelium show significant (P < 0.001) superior thinning and an inferior thickening. Bowman's layer appears homogeneous within the central 7 to 8 mm diameter of the cornea and gets thinner toward the periphery until this layer disappears between 4 and 5.5 mm eccentricity from the center. Intersubject variations of the measured thicknesses of epithelium (coefficient of variation [CV] ∼8%), Bowman's layer (CV∼25%), and stroma (CV∼10%) were observed. Very good reproducibility of thickness measurements of epithelium (CV < 3%), Bowman's layer (CV < 5%), and stroma (CV < 2%) was found. Furthermore, a significant correlation (P < 0.001) between layer thicknesses of the right and left eyes of the same subject was found. Conclusions PS-OCT with conical scanning is a feasible approach for determining thickness maps of corneal layers on a large field of view with high reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Beer
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Applied Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Wartak
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Niklas Pircher
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Holzer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Lammer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Schmidinger
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Baumann
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Pircher
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph K Hitzenberger
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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31
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Carrasco-Zevallos OM, Viehland C, Keller B, McNabb RP, Kuo AN, Izatt JA. Constant linear velocity spiral scanning for near video rate 4D OCT ophthalmic and surgical imaging with isotropic transverse sampling. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:5052-5070. [PMID: 30319921 PMCID: PMC6179405 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.005052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ultrahigh speed optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems with >100 kHz A-scan rates can generate volumes rapidly with minimal motion artifacts and are well suited for 4D imaging (volumes through time) applications such as intra-operative imaging. In such systems, high OCT data acquisition efficiency (defined as the fraction of usable A-scans generated during the total acquisition time) is desired to maximize the volumetric frame rate and sampling pitch. However, current methods for beam scanning using non-resonant and resonant mirror scanners can result in severe scan distortion and transverse oversampling as well as require acquisition dead times, which limit the acquisition efficiency and performance of ultrahigh speed 4D OCT. We introduce constant linear velocity spiral scanning (CLV-SC) as a novel beam scanning method to maximize the data acquisition efficiency of ultrahigh speed 4D OCT systems. We demonstrate that CLV-SC does not require acquisition dead times and achieves more uniform transverse sampling compared to raster scanning. To assess its clinical utility, we implement CLV-SC with a 400 kHz OCT system and image the anterior eye and retina of healthy adults at up to 10 volumes per second with isotropic transverse sampling, allowing B-scans with equal sampling pitch to be extracted from arbitrary locations within a single volume. The feasibility of CLV-SC for intra-operative imaging is also demonstrated using a 800 kHz OCT system to image simulated retinal surgery at 15 volumes per second with isotropic transverse sampling, resulting in high quality volume renders that enable clear visualization of surgical instruments and manipulation of tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Viehland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Brenton Keller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Ryan P. McNabb
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, NC 27710 USA
| | - Anthony N. Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, NC 27710 USA
| | - Joseph A. Izatt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, NC 27710 USA
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32
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El-Haddad MT, Bozic I, Tao YK. Spectrally encoded coherence tomography and reflectometry: Simultaneous en face and cross-sectional imaging at 2 gigapixels per second. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201700268. [PMID: 29149542 PMCID: PMC5903931 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive biological imaging is crucial for understanding in vivo structure and function. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and reflectance confocal microscopy are two of the most widely used optical modalities for exogenous contrast-free, high-resolution, three-dimensional imaging in non-fluorescent scattering tissues. However, sample motion remains a critical barrier to raster-scanned acquisition and reconstruction of wide-field anatomically accurate volumetric datasets. We introduce spectrally encoded coherence tomography and reflectometry (SECTR), a high-speed, multimodality system for simultaneous OCT and spectrally encoded reflectance (SER) imaging. SECTR utilizes a robust system design consisting of shared optical relays, scanning mirrors, swept laser and digitizer to achieve the fastest reported in vivo multimodal imaging rate of 2 gigapixels per second. Our optical design and acquisition scheme enable spatiotemporally co-registered acquisition of OCT cross-sections simultaneously with en face SER images for multivolumetric mosaicking. Complementary axial and lateral translation and rotation are extracted from OCT and SER data, respectively, for full volumetric estimation of sample motion with micron spatial and millisecond temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed T. El-Haddad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Ivan Bozic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Yuankai K. Tao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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33
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El-Haddad MT, Bozic I, Tao YK. Spectrally encoded coherence tomography and reflectometry: Simultaneous en face and cross-sectional imaging at 2 gigapixels per second. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201700268. [PMID: 29149542 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.2018.11.issue-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive biological imaging is crucial for understanding in vivo structure and function. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and reflectance confocal microscopy are two of the most widely used optical modalities for exogenous contrast-free, high-resolution, three-dimensional imaging in non-fluorescent scattering tissues. However, sample motion remains a critical barrier to raster-scanned acquisition and reconstruction of wide-field anatomically accurate volumetric datasets. We introduce spectrally encoded coherence tomography and reflectometry (SECTR), a high-speed, multimodality system for simultaneous OCT and spectrally encoded reflectance (SER) imaging. SECTR utilizes a robust system design consisting of shared optical relays, scanning mirrors, swept laser and digitizer to achieve the fastest reported in vivo multimodal imaging rate of 2 gigapixels per second. Our optical design and acquisition scheme enable spatiotemporally co-registered acquisition of OCT cross-sections simultaneously with en face SER images for multivolumetric mosaicking. Complementary axial and lateral translation and rotation are extracted from OCT and SER data, respectively, for full volumetric estimation of sample motion with micron spatial and millisecond temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed T El-Haddad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ivan Bozic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yuankai K Tao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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34
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Chen Y, Hong YJ, Makita S, Yasuno Y. Eye-motion-corrected optical coherence tomography angiography using Lissajous scanning. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:1111-1129. [PMID: 29541507 PMCID: PMC5846517 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.001111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
To correct eye motion artifacts in en face optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) images, a Lissajous scanning method with subsequent software-based motion correction is proposed. The standard Lissajous scanning pattern is modified to be compatible with OCT-A and a corresponding motion correction algorithm is designed. The effectiveness of our method was demonstrated by comparing en face OCT-A images with and without motion correction. The method was further validated by comparing motion-corrected images with scanning laser ophthalmoscopy images, and the repeatability of the method was evaluated using a checkerboard image. A motion-corrected en face OCT-A image from a blinking case is presented to demonstrate the ability of the method to deal with eye blinking. Results show that the method can produce accurate motion-free en face OCT-A images of the posterior segment of the eye in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Chen
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573,
Japan
- Computational Optics and Ophthalmology Group, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8531,
Japan
| | - Young-Joo Hong
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573,
Japan
- Computational Optics and Ophthalmology Group, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8531,
Japan
| | - Shuichi Makita
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573,
Japan
- Computational Optics and Ophthalmology Group, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8531,
Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573,
Japan
- Computational Optics and Ophthalmology Group, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8531,
Japan
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