1
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Dibaji H, Kazemi Nasaban Shotorban A, Grattan RM, Lucero S, Schodt DJ, Lidke KA, Petruccelli J, Lidke DS, Liu S, Chakraborty T. Axial de-scanning using remote focusing in the detection arm of light-sheet microscopy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5019. [PMID: 38866746 PMCID: PMC11169345 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49291-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapid, high-resolution volumetric imaging without moving heavy objectives or disturbing delicate samples remains challenging. Pupil-matched remote focusing offers a promising solution for high NA systems, but the fluorescence signal's incoherent and unpolarized nature complicates its application. Thus, remote focusing is mainly used in the illumination arm with polarized laser light to improve optical coupling. Here, we introduce a novel optical design that can de-scan the axial focus movement in the detection arm of a microscope. Our method splits the fluorescence signal into S and P-polarized light, lets them pass through the remote focusing module separately, and combines them with the camera. This allows us to use only one focusing element to perform aberration-free, multi-color, volumetric imaging without (a) compromising the fluorescent signal and (b) needing to perform sample/detection-objective translation. We demonstrate the capabilities of this scheme by acquiring fast dual-color 4D (3D space + time) image stacks with an axial range of 70 μm and camera-limited acquisition speed. Owing to its general nature, we believe this technique will find its application in many other microscopy techniques that currently use an adjustable Z-stage to carry out volumetric imaging, such as confocal, 2-photon, and light sheet variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Dibaji
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Rachel M Grattan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Shayna Lucero
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - David J Schodt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Keith A Lidke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jonathan Petruccelli
- Department of Physics, University at Albany-State University of NewYork, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Diane S Lidke
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Tonmoy Chakraborty
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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2
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Dibaji H, Nasaban Shotorban AK, Grattan RM, Lucero S, Schodt DJ, Lidke KA, Petruccelli J, Lidke DS, Liu S, Chakraborty T. Axial de-scanning using remote focusing in the detection arm of light-sheet microscopy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.07.556729. [PMID: 38659774 PMCID: PMC11042218 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.07.556729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The ability to image at high speeds is necessary for biological imaging to capture fast-moving or transient events or to efficiently image large samples. However, due to the lack of rigidity of biological specimens, carrying out fast, high-resolution volumetric imaging without moving and agitating the sample has been a challenging problem. Pupil-matched remote focusing has been promising for high NA imaging systems with their low aberrations and wavelength independence, making it suitable for multicolor imaging. However, owing to the incoherent and unpolarized nature of the fluorescence signal, manipulating this emission light through remote focusing is challenging. Therefore, remote focusing has been primarily limited to the illumination arm, using polarized laser light to facilitate coupling in and out of the remote focusing optics. Here, we introduce a novel optical design that can de-scan the axial focus movement in the detection arm of a microscope. Our method splits the fluorescence signal into S and P-polarized light, lets them pass through the remote focusing module separately, and combines them with the camera. This allows us to use only one focusing element to perform aberration-free, multi-color, volumetric imaging without (a) compromising the fluorescent signal and (b) needing to perform sample/detection-objective translation. We demonstrate the capabilities of this scheme by acquiring fast dual-color 4D (3D space + time) image stacks with an axial range of 70 μm and camera-limited acquisition speed. Owing to its general nature, we believe this technique will find its application in many other microscopy techniques that currently use an adjustable Z-stage to carry out volumetric imaging, such as confocal, 2-photon, and light sheet variants.
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3
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Johnson C, Guo M, Schneider MC, Su Y, Khuon S, Reiser N, Wu Y, La Riviere P, Shroff H. Phase diversity-based wavefront sensing for fluorescence microscopy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.19.572369. [PMID: 38168170 PMCID: PMC10760184 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.19.572369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy is an invaluable tool in biology, yet its performance is compromised when the wavefront of light is distorted due to optical imperfections or the refractile nature of the sample. Such optical aberrations can dramatically lower the information content of images by degrading image contrast, resolution, and signal. Adaptive optics (AO) methods can sense and subsequently cancel the aberrated wavefront, but are too complex, inefficient, slow, or expensive for routine adoption by most labs. Here we introduce a rapid, sensitive, and robust wavefront sensing scheme based on phase diversity, a method successfully deployed in astronomy but underused in microscopy. Our method enables accurate wavefront sensing to less than λ/35 root mean square (RMS) error with few measurements, and AO with no additional hardware besides a corrective element. After validating the method with simulations, we demonstrate calibration of a deformable mirror > 100-fold faster than comparable methods (corresponding to wavefront sensing on the ~100 ms scale), and sensing and subsequent correction of severe aberrations (RMS wavefront distortion exceeding λ/2), restoring diffraction-limited imaging on extended biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Johnson
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Min Guo
- Current address: State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of High Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Yijun Su
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Ashburn, VA, USA
- Laboratory of High Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Satya Khuon
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Nikolaj Reiser
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yicong Wu
- Laboratory of High Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Patrick La Riviere
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- MBL Fellows Program, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Hari Shroff
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Ashburn, VA, USA
- Laboratory of High Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- MBL Fellows Program, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
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4
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Pribošek J, Bainschab M, Sasaki T. Varifocal MEMS mirrors for high-speed axial focus scanning: a review. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:135. [PMID: 37900975 PMCID: PMC10603115 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00481-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances brought the performance of MEMS-based varifocal mirrors to levels comparable to conventional ultra-high-speed focusing devices. Varifocal mirrors are becoming capable of high axial resolution exceeding 300 resolvable planes, can achieve microsecond response times, continuous operation above several hundred kHz, and can be designed to combine focusing with lateral steering in a single-chip device. This survey summarizes the past 50 years of scientific progress in varifocal MEMS mirrors, providing the most comprehensive study in this field to date. We introduce a novel figure of merit for varifocal mirrors on the basis of which we evaluate and compare nearly all reported devices from the literature. At the forefront of this review is the analysis of the advantages and shortcomings of various actuation technologies, as well as a systematic study of methods reported to enhance the focusing performance in terms of speed, resolution, and shape fidelity. We believe this analysis will fuel the future technological development of next-generation varifocal mirrors reaching the axial resolution of 1000 resolvable planes.
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5
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DIBAJI HASSAN, SHOTORBAN ALIKAZEMINASABAN, HABIBI MAHSA, GRATTAN RACHELM, LUCERO SHAYNA, SCHODT DAVIDJ, LIDKE KEITHA, PETRUCCELLI JONATHAN, LIDKE DIANES, LIU SHENG, CHAKRABORTY TONMOY. Axial de-scanning using remote focusing in the detection arm of light-sheet microscopy. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3338831. [PMID: 37886461 PMCID: PMC10602066 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3338831/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The ability to image at high speeds is necessary in biological imaging to capture fast-moving or transient events or to efficiently image large samples. However, due to the lack of rigidity of biological specimens, carrying out fast, high-resolution volumetric imaging without moving and agitating the sample has been a challenging problem. Pupil-matched remote focusing has been promising for high NA imaging systems with their low aberrations and wavelength independence, making it suitable for multicolor imaging. However, owing to the incoherent and unpolarized nature of the fluorescence signal, manipulating this emission light through remote focusing is challenging. Therefore, remote focusing has been primarily limited to the illumination arm, using polarized laser light for facilitating coupling in and out of the remote focusing optics. Here we introduce a novel optical design that can de-scan the axial focus movement in the detection arm of a microscope. Our method splits the fluorescence signal into S and P-polarized light and lets them pass through the remote focusing module separately and combines them with the camera. This allows us to use only one focusing element to perform aberration-free, multi-color, volumetric imaging without (a) compromising the fluorescent signal and (b) needing to perform sample/detection-objective translation. We demonstrate the capabilities of this scheme by acquiring fast dual-color 4D (3D space + time) image stacks, with an axial range of 70 μm and camera limited acquisition speed. Owing to its general nature, we believe this technique will find its application to many other microscopy techniques that currently use an adjustable Z-stage to carry out volumetric imaging such as confocal, 2-photon, and light sheet variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- HASSAN DIBAJI
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | | | - MAHSA HABIBI
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - RACHEL M GRATTAN
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - SHAYNA LUCERO
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - DAVID J. SCHODT
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - KEITH A. LIDKE
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA
| | - JONATHAN PETRUCCELLI
- Department of Physics, University at Albany–State University of NewYork,1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - DIANE S. LIDKE
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - SHENG LIU
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - TONMOY CHAKRABORTY
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA
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6
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Temma K, Wincott M, Fujita K, Booth MJ. Deflectometry based calibration of a deformable mirror for aberration correction and remote focusing in microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:28503-28514. [PMID: 37710903 DOI: 10.1364/oe.497277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive optics (AO) techniques enhance the capability of optical microscopy through precise control of wavefront modulations to compensate phase aberrations and improves image quality. However, the aberration correction is often limited due to the lack of dynamic range in existing calibration methods, such as interferometry or Shack-Hartmann (SH) wavefront sensors. Here, we use deflectometry (DF) as a calibration method for a deformable mirror (DM) to extend the available range of aberration correction. We characterised the dynamic range and accuracy of the DF-based calibration of DMs depending on the spatial frequency of the test pattern used in DF. We also demonstrated the capability of large magnitude phase control for remote-focusing over a range larger than was possible with SH sensing.
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7
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Isotropic imaging across spatial scales with axially swept light-sheet microscopy. Nat Protoc 2022; 17:2025-2053. [PMID: 35831614 PMCID: PMC10111370 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00706-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy is a rapidly growing technique that has gained tremendous popularity in the life sciences owing to its high-spatiotemporal resolution and gentle, non-phototoxic illumination. In this protocol, we provide detailed directions for the assembly and operation of a versatile light-sheet fluorescence microscopy variant, referred to as axially swept light-sheet microscopy (ASLM), that delivers an unparalleled combination of field of view, optical resolution and optical sectioning. To democratize ASLM, we provide an overview of its working principle and applications to biological imaging, as well as pragmatic tips for the assembly, alignment and control of its optical systems. Furthermore, we provide detailed part lists and schematics for several variants of ASLM that together can resolve molecular detail in chemically expanded samples, subcellular organization in living cells or the anatomical composition of chemically cleared intact organisms. We also provide software for instrument control and discuss how users can tune imaging parameters to accommodate diverse sample types. Thus, this protocol will serve not only as a guide for both introductory and advanced users adopting ASLM, but as a useful resource for any individual interested in deploying custom imaging technology. We expect that building an ASLM will take ~1-2 months, depending on the experience of the instrument builder and the version of the instrument.
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8
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Žurauskas M, Alex A, Park J, Hood SR, Boppart SA. Fluorescent nanodiamonds for characterization of nonlinear microscopy systems. PHOTONICS RESEARCH 2021; 9:2309-2318. [PMID: 37181134 PMCID: PMC10174270 DOI: 10.1364/prj.434236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing the performance of fluorescence microscopy and nonlinear imaging systems is an essential step required for imaging system optimization and quality control during longitudinal experiments. Emerging multimodal nonlinear imaging techniques require a new generation of microscopy calibration targets that are not susceptible to bleaching and can provide a contrast across the multiple modalities. Here, we present a nanodiamond-based calibration target for microscopy, designed for facilitating reproducible measurements at the object plane. The target is designed to support day-to-day instrumentation development efforts in microscopy laboratories. The images of a phantom contain information about the imaging performance of a microscopy system across multiple spectral windows and modalities. Since fluorescent nanodiamonds are not prone to bleaching, the proposed imaging target can serve as a standard, shelf-stable sample to provide rapid reference measurements for ensuring consistent performance of microscopy systems in microscopy laboratories and imaging facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mantas Žurauskas
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Aneesh Alex
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA
| | - Jaena Park
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Steve R. Hood
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Stephen A. Boppart
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Corresponding author:
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9
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Durst ME, Yurak S, Moscatelli J, Linhares I, Vargas R. Remote Focusing in a Temporal Focusing Microscope. OSA CONTINUUM 2021; 4:2757-2770. [PMID: 35531308 PMCID: PMC9075704 DOI: 10.1364/osac.443116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In a temporal focusing microscope, dispersion can remotely shift the temporal focal plane axially, but only a single depth can be in focus at a time on a fixed camera. In this paper, we demonstrate remote focusing in a temporal focusing microscope. Dispersion tuning with an electrically tunable lens (ETL) in a 4 f pulse shaper scans the excitation plane axially, and another ETL in the detection path keeps the shifted excitation plane in focus on the camera. Image stacks formed using two ETLs versus a traditional stage scan are equivalent.
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10
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Wright T, Sparks H, Paterson C, Dunsby C. Video-rate remote refocusing through continuous oscillation of a membrane deformable mirror. JPHYS PHOTONICS 2021; 3:045004. [PMID: 34693207 PMCID: PMC8523955 DOI: 10.1088/2515-7647/ac29a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the use of a deformable mirror (DM) configured to rapidly refocus a microscope employing a high numerical aperture (NA) objective lens. An Alpao DM97-15 membrane DM was used to refocus a 40×/0.80 NA water-immersion objective through a defocus range of -50-50 μm at 26.3 sweeps s-1. We achieved imaging with a mean Strehl metric of >0.6 over a field of view in the sample of 200 × 200 μm2 over a defocus range of 77 μm. We describe an optimisation procedure where the mirror is swept continuously in order to avoid known problems of hysteresis associated with the membrane DM employed. This work demonstrates that a DM-based refocusing system could in the future be used in light-sheet fluorescence microscopes to achieve video-rate volumetric imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Wright
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh Sparks
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Carl Paterson
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Dunsby
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Centre for Pathology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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11
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Valera AM, Neufeldt FC, Kirkby PA, Mitchell JE, Silver RA. Precompensation of 3D field distortions in remote focus two-photon microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:3717-3728. [PMID: 34221690 PMCID: PMC8221938 DOI: 10.1364/boe.425588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Remote focusing is widely used in 3D two-photon microscopy and 3D photostimulation because it enables fast axial scanning without moving the objective lens or specimen. However, due to the design constraints of microscope optics, remote focus units are often located in non-telecentric positions in the optical path, leading to significant depth-dependent 3D field distortions in the imaging volume. To address this limitation, we characterized 3D field distortions arising from non-telecentric remote focusing and present a method for distortion precompensation. We demonstrate its applicability for a 3D two-photon microscope that uses an acousto-optic lens (AOL) for remote focusing and scanning. We show that the distortion precompensation method improves the pointing precision of the AOL microscope to < 0.5 µm throughout the 400 × 400 × 400 µm imaging volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine M. Valera
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Fiona C. Neufeldt
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, Malet Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Paul A. Kirkby
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - John E. Mitchell
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, Malet Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - R. Angus Silver
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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12
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Ren J, Han KY. 2.5D microscopy: Fast, high-throughput imaging via volumetric projection for quantitative subcellular analysis. ACS PHOTONICS 2021; 8:933-942. [PMID: 34485614 PMCID: PMC8412410 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.1c00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Imaging-based single-cell analysis is essential to study the expression level and functions of biomolecules at subcellular resolution. However, its low throughput has prevented the measurement of numerous cellular features from multiples cells in a rapid and efficient manner. Here we report 2.5D microscopy that significantly improves the throughput of fluorescence imaging systems while maintaining high-resolution and single-molecule sensitivity. Instead of sequential z-scanning, volumetric information is projected onto a 2D image plane in a single shot by engineering the emitted fluorescence light. Our approach provides an improved imaging speed and uniform focal response within a specific imaging depth, which enabled us to perform quantitative single-molecule RNA measurements over a 2×2 mm2 region within an imaging depth of ~5 μm for mammalian cells in <10 min and immunofluorescence imaging at a >30 Hz volumetric frame rate with reduced photobleaching. Our microscope also offers the ability of multi-color imaging, depth control and super-resolution imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhan Ren
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Kyu Young Han
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
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13
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Yang Y, Chen W, Fan JL, Ji N. Adaptive optics enables aberration-free single-objective remote focusing for two-photon fluorescence microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:354-366. [PMID: 33520387 PMCID: PMC7818949 DOI: 10.1364/boe.413049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon fluorescence microscopy has been widely applied to three-dimensional (3D) imaging of complex samples. Remote focusing by controlling the divergence of excitation light is a common approach to scanning the focus axially. However, microscope objectives induce distortion to the wavefront of non-collimated excitation beams, leading to degraded imaging quality away from the natural focal plane. In this paper, using a liquid-crystal spatial light modulator to control the divergence of the excitation beam through a single objective, we systematically characterized the aberrations introduced by divergence control through microscope objectives of NA 0.45, 0.8, and 1.05. We used adaptive optics to correct the divergence-induced-aberrations and maintain diffraction-limited focal quality over up to 800-µm axial range. We further demonstrated aberration-free remote focusing for in vivo imaging of neurites and synapses in the mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Yang
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jiang Lan Fan
- Joint Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, CA 94720, USA
| | - Na Ji
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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14
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Peinado A, Bendek E, Yokoyama S, Poskanzer KE. Deformable mirror-based axial scanning for two-photon mammalian brain imaging. NEUROPHOTONICS 2021; 8:015003. [PMID: 33437848 PMCID: PMC7778453 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.8.1.015003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Significance: To expand our understanding of the roles of astrocytes in neural circuits, there is a need to develop optical tools tailored specifically to capture their complex spatiotemporal Ca 2 + dynamics. This interest is not limited to 2D, but to multiple depths. Aim: The focus of our work was to design and evaluate the optical performance of an enhanced version of a two-photon (2P) microscope with the addition of a deformable mirror (DM)-based axial scanning system for live mammalian brain imaging. Approach: We used a DM to manipulate the beam wavefront by applying different defocus terms to cause a controlled axial shift of the image plane. The optical design and performance were evaluated by an analysis of the optical model, followed by an experimental characterization of the implemented instrument. Results: Key questions related to this instrument were addressed, including impact of the DM curvature change on vignetting, field of view size, image plane flatness, wavefront error, and point spread function. The instrument was used for imaging several neurobiological samples at different depths, including fixed brain slices and in vivo mouse cerebral cortex. Conclusions: Our implemented instrument was capable of recording z -stacks of 53 μ m in depth with a fine step size, parameters that make it useful for astrocyte biology research. Future work includes adaptive optics and intensity normalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Peinado
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Eduardo Bendek
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, AMES Research Center, Moffet Field, California, United States
| | - Sae Yokoyama
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Kira E. Poskanzer
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, San Francisco, California, United States
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, San Francisco, California, United States
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15
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Ersumo NT, Yalcin C, Antipa N, Pégard N, Waller L, Lopez D, Muller R. A micromirror array with annular partitioning for high-speed random-access axial focusing. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:183. [PMID: 33298828 PMCID: PMC7596532 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-00420-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic axial focusing functionality has recently experienced widespread incorporation in microscopy, augmented/virtual reality (AR/VR), adaptive optics and material processing. However, the limitations of existing varifocal tools continue to beset the performance capabilities and operating overhead of the optical systems that mobilize such functionality. The varifocal tools that are the least burdensome to operate (e.g. liquid crystal, elastomeric or optofluidic lenses) suffer from low (≈100 Hz) refresh rates. Conversely, the fastest devices sacrifice either critical capabilities such as their dwelling capacity (e.g. acoustic gradient lenses or monolithic micromechanical mirrors) or low operating overhead (e.g. deformable mirrors). Here, we present a general-purpose random-access axial focusing device that bridges these previously conflicting features of high speed, dwelling capacity and lightweight drive by employing low-rigidity micromirrors that exploit the robustness of defocusing phase profiles. Geometrically, the device consists of an 8.2 mm diameter array of piston-motion and 48-μm-pitch micromirror pixels that provide 2π phase shifting for wavelengths shorter than 1100 nm with 10-90% settling in 64.8 μs (i.e., 15.44 kHz refresh rate). The pixels are electrically partitioned into 32 rings for a driving scheme that enables phase-wrapped operation with circular symmetry and requires <30 V per channel. Optical experiments demonstrated the array's wide focusing range with a measured ability to target 29 distinct resolvable depth planes. Overall, the features of the proposed array offer the potential for compact, straightforward methods of tackling bottlenecked applications, including high-throughput single-cell targeting in neurobiology and the delivery of dense 3D visual information in AR/VR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Tessema Ersumo
- The University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Cem Yalcin
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Nick Antipa
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Nicolas Pégard
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Laura Waller
- The University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Daniel Lopez
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Rikky Muller
- The University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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16
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Lin P, Ni H, Li H, Vickers NA, Tan Y, Gong R, Bifano T, Cheng JX. Volumetric chemical imaging in vivo by a remote-focusing stimulated Raman scattering microscope. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:30210-30221. [PMID: 33114904 PMCID: PMC7679187 DOI: 10.1364/oe.404869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Operable under ambient light and providing chemical selectivity, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy opens a new window for imaging molecular events on a human subject, such as filtration of topical drugs through the skin. A typical approach for volumetric SRS imaging is through piezo scanning of an objective lens, which often disturbs the sample and offers a low axial scan rate. To address these challenges, we have developed a deformable mirror-based remote-focusing SRS microscope, which not only enables high-quality volumetric chemical imaging without mechanical scanning of the objective but also corrects the system aberrations simultaneously. Using the remote-focusing SRS microscope, we performed volumetric chemical imaging of living cells and captured in real time the dynamic diffusion of topical chemicals into human sweat pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, 8 St. Mary’s St., Boston, MA 02215, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Hongli Ni
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, 8 St. Mary’s St., Boston, MA 02215, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Huate Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, 110 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Vickers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, 110 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yuying Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ruyi Gong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, 8 St. Mary’s St., Boston, MA 02215, USA
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Thomas Bifano
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, 110 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Photonics Center, Boston University, 8 St. Mary’s St, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, 8 St. Mary’s St., Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, 110 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Photonics Center, Boston University, 8 St. Mary’s St, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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17
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Cui J, Turcotte R, Hampson KM, Wincott M, Schmidt CC, Emptage NJ, Charalampaki P, Booth MJ. Compact and contactless reflectance confocal microscope for neurosurgery. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:4772-4785. [PMID: 32923077 PMCID: PMC7449734 DOI: 10.1364/boe.397832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Visual guidance at the cellular level during neurosurgical procedures is essential for complete tumour resection. We present a compact reflectance confocal microscope with a 20 mm working distance that provided <1.2 µm spatial resolution over a 600 µm × 600 µm field of view in the near-infrared region. A physical footprint of 200 mm × 550 mm was achieved using only standard off-the-shelf components. Theoretical performance of the optical design was first evaluated via commercial Zemax software. Then three specimens from rodents: fixed brain, frozen calvaria and live hippocampal slices, were used to experimentally assess system capability and robustness. Results show great potential for the proposed system to be translated into use as a next generation label-free and contactless neurosurgical microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahe Cui
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
| | - Raphaël Turcotte
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Karen M. Hampson
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Wincott
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
| | - Carla C. Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel J. Emptage
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Patra Charalampaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cologne Medical Center, University Witten-Herdecke, Witten 58455, Germany
| | - Martin J. Booth
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
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18
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Quicke P, Howe CL, Song P, Jadan HV, Song C, Knöpfel T, Neil M, Dragotti PL, Schultz SR, Foust AJ. Subcellular resolution three-dimensional light-field imaging with genetically encoded voltage indicators. NEUROPHOTONICS 2020; 7:035006. [PMID: 32904628 PMCID: PMC7456658 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.7.3.035006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Light-field microscopy (LFM) enables high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and light efficient volume imaging at fast frame rates. Voltage imaging with genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) stands to particularly benefit from LFM's volumetric imaging capability due to high required sampling rates and limited probe brightness and functional sensitivity. Aim: We demonstrate subcellular resolution GEVI light-field imaging in acute mouse brain slices resolving dendritic voltage signals in three spatial dimensions. Approach: We imaged action potential-induced fluorescence transients in mouse brain slices sparsely expressing the GEVI VSFP-Butterfly 1.2 in wide-field microscopy (WFM) and LFM modes. We compared functional signal SNR and localization between different LFM reconstruction approaches and between LFM and WFM. Results: LFM enabled three-dimensional (3-D) localization of action potential-induced fluorescence transients in neuronal somata and dendrites. Nonregularized deconvolution decreased SNR with increased iteration number compared to synthetic refocusing but increased axial and lateral signal localization. SNR was unaffected for LFM compared to WFM. Conclusions: LFM enables 3-D localization of fluorescence transients, therefore eliminating the need for structures to lie in a single focal plane. These results demonstrate LFM's potential for studying dendritic integration and action potential propagation in three spatial dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Quicke
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, Centre for Neurotechnology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carmel L. Howe
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, Centre for Neurotechnology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pingfan Song
- Imperial College London, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Herman V. Jadan
- Imperial College London, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chenchen Song
- Imperial College London, Department of Brain Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Knöpfel
- Imperial College London, Centre for Neurotechnology, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, Department of Brain Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Neil
- Imperial College London, Centre for Neurotechnology, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pier L. Dragotti
- Imperial College London, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon R. Schultz
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, Centre for Neurotechnology, London, United Kingdom
- Address all correspondence to Simon R. Schultz, E-mail: ; Amanda J. Foust, E-mail:
| | - Amanda J. Foust
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, Centre for Neurotechnology, London, United Kingdom
- Address all correspondence to Simon R. Schultz, E-mail: ; Amanda J. Foust, E-mail:
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19
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Chakraborty T, Chen B, Daetwyler S, Chang BJ, Vanderpoorten O, Sapoznik E, Kaminski CF, Knowles TPJ, Dean KM, Fiolka R. Converting lateral scanning into axial focusing to speed up three-dimensional microscopy. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:165. [PMID: 33024553 PMCID: PMC7501866 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-00401-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In optical microscopy, the slow axial scanning rate of the objective or the sample has traditionally limited the speed of volumetric imaging. Recently, by conjugating either a movable mirror to the image plane in a remote-focusing geometry or an electrically tuneable lens (ETL) to the back focal plane, rapid axial scanning has been achieved. However, mechanical actuation of a mirror limits the axial scanning rate (usually only 10-100 Hz for piezoelectric or voice coil-based actuators), while ETLs introduce spherical and higher-order aberrations that prevent high-resolution imaging. In an effort to overcome these limitations, we introduce a novel optical design that transforms a lateral-scan motion into a spherical aberration-free axial scan that can be used for high-resolution imaging. Using a galvanometric mirror, we scan a laser beam laterally in a remote-focusing arm, which is then back-reflected from different heights of a mirror in the image space. We characterize the optical performance of this remote-focusing technique and use it to accelerate axially swept light-sheet microscopy by an order of magnitude, allowing the quantification of rapid vesicular dynamics in three dimensions. We also demonstrate resonant remote focusing at 12 kHz with a two-photon raster-scanning microscope, which allows rapid imaging of brain tissues and zebrafish cardiac dynamics with diffraction-limited resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonmoy Chakraborty
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM USA
| | - Bingying Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
| | - Stephan Daetwyler
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
| | - Bo-Jui Chang
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
| | - Oliver Vanderpoorten
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS UK
| | - Etai Sapoznik
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
| | - Clemens F. Kaminski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS UK
| | - Tuomas P. J. Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
| | - Kevin M. Dean
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
| | - Reto Fiolka
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
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20
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Lawton PF, Buckley C, Saunter CD, Wilson C, Corbett AD, Salter PS, McCarron JG, Girkin JM. Multi-plane remote refocusing epifluorescence microscopy to image dynamic Ca 2 + events. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:5611-5624. [PMID: 31799034 PMCID: PMC6865095 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.005611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Rapid imaging of multiple focal planes without sample movement may be achieved through remote refocusing, where imaging is carried out in a plane conjugate to the sample plane. The technique is ideally suited to studying the endothelial and smooth muscle cell layers of blood vessels. These are intrinsically linked through rapid communication and must be separately imaged at a sufficiently high frame rate in order to understand this biologically crucial interaction. We have designed and implemented an epifluoresence-based remote refocussing imaging system that can image each layer at up to 20fps using different dyes and excitation light for each layer, without the requirement for optically sectioning microscopy. A novel triggering system is used to activate the appropriate laser and image acquisition at each plane of interest. Using this method, we are able to achieve axial plane separations down to 15 μ m, with a mean lateral stability of ≤ 0.32 μ m displacement using a 60x, 1.4NA imaging objective and a 60x, 0.7NA reimaging objective. The system allows us to image and quantify endothelial cell activity and smooth muscle cell activity at a high framerate with excellent lateral and good axial resolution without requiring complex beam scanning confocal microscopes, delivering a cost effective solution for imaging two planes rapidly. We have successfully imaged and analysed Ca 2 + activity of the endothelial cell layer independently of the smooth muscle layer for several minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope F. Lawton
- Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Charlotte Buckley
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Chris D. Saunter
- Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Calum Wilson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Alexander D. Corbett
- Department of Physics, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK
| | - Patrick S. Salter
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - John G. McCarron
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - John M. Girkin
- Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
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21
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Liu R, Ball N, Brockill J, Kuan L, Millman D, White C, Leon A, Williams D, Nishiwaki S, de Vries S, Larkin J, Sullivan D, Slaughterbeck C, Farrell C, Saggau P. Aberration-free multi-plane imaging of neural activity from the mammalian brain using a fast-switching liquid crystal spatial light modulator. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:5059-5080. [PMID: 31646030 PMCID: PMC6788611 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.005059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel two-photon fluorescence microscope based on a fast-switching liquid crystal spatial light modulator and a pair of galvo-resonant scanners for large-scale recording of neural activity from the mammalian brain. The spatial light modulator is used to achieve fast switching between different imaging planes in multi-plane imaging and correct for intrinsic optical aberrations associated with this imaging scheme. The utilized imaging technique is capable of monitoring the neural activity from large populations of neurons with known coordinates spread across different layers of the neocortex in awake and behaving mice, regardless of the fluorescent labeling strategy. During each imaging session, all visual stimulus driven somatic activity could be recorded in the same behavior state. We observed heterogeneous response to different types of visual stimuli from ∼ 3,300 excitatory neurons reaching from layer II/III to V of the striate cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, 615 Westlake Ave, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Now with GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences Corp, 1040 12th Ave NW, Issaquah, WA, 98027, USA
| | - Neil Ball
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, 615 Westlake Ave, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - James Brockill
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, 615 Westlake Ave, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Leonard Kuan
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, 615 Westlake Ave, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Daniel Millman
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, 615 Westlake Ave, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Cassandra White
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, 615 Westlake Ave, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Arielle Leon
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, 615 Westlake Ave, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Derric Williams
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, 615 Westlake Ave, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Shig Nishiwaki
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, 615 Westlake Ave, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Saskia de Vries
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, 615 Westlake Ave, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Josh Larkin
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, 615 Westlake Ave, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - David Sullivan
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, 615 Westlake Ave, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Colin Farrell
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, 615 Westlake Ave, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Peter Saggau
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, 615 Westlake Ave, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Now with Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
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22
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Tehrani KF, Latchoumane CV, Southern WM, Pendleton EG, Maslesa A, Karumbaiah L, Call JA, Mortensen LJ. Five-dimensional two-photon volumetric microscopy of in-vivo dynamic activities using liquid lens remote focusing. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:3591-3604. [PMID: 31360606 PMCID: PMC6640832 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.003591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Multi-photon scanning microscopy provides a robust tool for optical sectioning, which can be used to capture fast biological events such as blood flow, mitochondrial activity, and neuronal action potentials. For many studies, it is important to visualize several different focal planes at a rate akin to the biological event frequency. Typically, a microscope is equipped with mechanical elements to move either the sample or the objective lens to capture volumetric information, but these strategies are limited due to their slow speeds or inertial artifacts. To overcome this problem, remote focusing methods have been developed to shift the focal plane axially without physical movement of the sample or the microscope. Among these methods is liquid lens technology, which adjusts the focus of the lens by changing the wettability of the liquid and hence its curvature. Liquid lenses are inexpensive active optical elements that have the potential for fast multi-photon volumetric imaging, hence a promising and accessible approach for the study of biological systems with complex dynamics. Although remote focusing using liquid lens technology can be used for volumetric point scanning multi-photon microscopy, optical aberrations and the effects of high energy laser pulses have been concerns in its implementation. In this paper, we characterize a liquid lens and validate its use in relevant biological applications. We measured optical aberrations that are caused by the liquid lens, and calculated its response time, defocus hysteresis, and thermal response to a pulsed laser. We applied this method of remote focusing for imaging and measurement of multiple in-vivo specimens, including mesenchymal stem cell dynamics, mouse tibialis anterior muscle mitochondrial electrical potential fluctuations, and mouse brain neural activity. Our system produces 5 dimensional (x,y,z,λ,t) data sets at the speed of 4.2 volumes per second over volumes as large as 160 x 160 x 35 µm3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayvan Forouhesh Tehrani
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Rhodes Center for ADS, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Charles V. Latchoumane
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Rhodes Center for ADS, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - W. Michael Southern
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Currently with: Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Emily G. Pendleton
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Rhodes Center for ADS, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ana Maslesa
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Rhodes Center for ADS, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Lohitash Karumbaiah
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Rhodes Center for ADS, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jarrod A. Call
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Rhodes Center for ADS, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Luke J. Mortensen
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Rhodes Center for ADS, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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23
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Corsetti S, Gunn-Moore F, Dholakia K. Light sheet fluorescence microscopy for neuroscience. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 319:16-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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24
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Žurauskas M, Dobbie IM, Parton RM, Phillips MA, Göhler A, Davis I, Booth MJ. IsoSense: frequency enhanced sensorless adaptive optics through structured illumination. OPTICA 2019; 6:370-379. [PMID: 31417942 PMCID: PMC6683765 DOI: 10.1364/optica.6.000370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We present IsoSense, a wavefront sensing method that mitigates sample dependency in image-based sensorless adaptive optics applications in microscopy. Our method employs structured illumination to create additional high spatial frequencies in the image through custom illumination patterns. This improves the reliability of image quality metric calculations and enables sensorless wavefront measurement even in samples with sparse spatial frequency content. We demonstrate the feasibility of IsoSense for aberration correction in a deformable-mirror-based structured illumination super-resolution fluorescence microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mantas Žurauskas
- Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK
- Micron Advanced Bioimaging Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Ian M. Dobbie
- Micron Advanced Bioimaging Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Richard M. Parton
- Micron Advanced Bioimaging Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Mick A. Phillips
- Micron Advanced Bioimaging Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Antonia Göhler
- Micron Advanced Bioimaging Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
- Currently at SOMNOmedics GmbH, 97236 Randersacker, Germany
| | - Ilan Davis
- Micron Advanced Bioimaging Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Martin J. Booth
- Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
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25
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Chong EZ, Panniello M, Barreiros I, Kohl MM, Booth MJ. Quasi-simultaneous multiplane calcium imaging of neuronal circuits. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:267-282. [PMID: 30775099 PMCID: PMC6363184 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.000267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy is widely used to study the activity of neuronal circuits. However, the fast imaging is typically constrained to a single lateral plane for a standard microscope design. Given that cortical neuronal networks in a mouse brain are complex three-dimensional structures organised in six histologically defined layers which extend over many hundreds of micrometres, there is a strong demand for microscope systems that can record neuronal signalling in volumes. Henceforth, we developed a quasi-simultaneous multiplane imaging technique combining an acousto-optic deflector and static remote focusing to provide fast imaging of neurons from different axial positions inside the cortical layers without the need for mechanical disturbance of either the objective lens or the specimen. The hardware and the software are easily adaptable to existing two-photon microscopes. Here, we demonstrated that our imaging method can record, at high speed and high image contrast, the calcium dynamics of neurons in two different imaging planes separated axially with the in-focus and the refocused planes 120 µm and 250 µm below the brain surface respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee Zhuan Chong
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Mariangela Panniello
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Inês Barreiros
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Michael M Kohl
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Martin J Booth
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, OX1 3PJ, UK
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26
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Attota RK. Fidelity test for through-focus or volumetric type of optical imaging methods. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:19100-19114. [PMID: 30114170 PMCID: PMC6159218 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.019100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Rapid increase in interest and applications of through-focus (TF) or volumetric type of optical imaging in biology and other areas has resulted in the development of several TF image collection methods. Achieving quantitative results from images requires standardization and optimization of image acquisition protocols. Several standardization protocols are available for conventional optical microscopy where a best-focus image is used, but to date, rigorous testing protocols do not exist for TF optical imaging. In this paper, we present a method to determine the fidelity of the TF optical data using the TF scanning optical microscopy images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kiran Attota
- Engineering Physics Division, PML, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8212, USA
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27
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Attota RK. Through-focus or volumetric type of optical imaging methods: a review. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-10. [PMID: 29981229 PMCID: PMC6157599 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.7.070901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the use of through-focus (TF) or volumetric type of optical imaging has gained momentum in several areas such as biological imaging, microscopy, adaptive optics, material processing, optical data storage, and optical inspection. We provide a review of basic TF optical methods highlighting their design, major unique characteristics, and application space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kiran Attota
- Engineering Physics Division, PML, National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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28
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Sun B, Salter PS, Roider C, Jesacher A, Strauss J, Heberle J, Schmidt M, Booth MJ. Four-dimensional light shaping: manipulating ultrafast spatiotemporal foci in space and time. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2018; 7:17117. [PMID: 30839626 PMCID: PMC6107044 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2017.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The spectral dispersion of ultrashort pulses allows the simultaneous focusing of light in both space and time, which creates so-called spatiotemporal foci. Such space-time coupling may be combined with the existing holographic techniques to give a further dimension of control when generating focal light fields. In the present study, it is shown that a phase-only hologram placed in the pupil plane of an objective and illuminated by a spatially chirped ultrashort pulse can be used to generate three-dimensional arrays of spatio-temporally focused spots. By exploiting the pulse front tilt generated at focus when applying simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing (SSTF), it is possible to overlap neighboring foci in time to create a smooth intensity distribution. The resulting light field displays a high level of axial confinement, with experimental demonstrations given through two-photon microscopy and the non-linear laser fabrication of glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangshan Sun
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
- Institute of Photonic Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Konrad-Zuse-Strasse 3/5, Erlangen 91052, Germany
| | - Patrick S Salter
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Clemens Roider
- Institute of Photonic Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Konrad-Zuse-Strasse 3/5, Erlangen 91052, Germany
- Division of Biomedical Physics, Innsbruck Medical University, Mullerstrasse 44, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Alexander Jesacher
- Division of Biomedical Physics, Innsbruck Medical University, Mullerstrasse 44, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
- Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Paul-Gordan-Strasse 6, Erlangen 91052, Germany
| | - Johannes Strauss
- Institute of Photonic Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Konrad-Zuse-Strasse 3/5, Erlangen 91052, Germany
- Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Paul-Gordan-Strasse 6, Erlangen 91052, Germany
| | - Johannes Heberle
- Institute of Photonic Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Konrad-Zuse-Strasse 3/5, Erlangen 91052, Germany
- Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Paul-Gordan-Strasse 6, Erlangen 91052, Germany
| | - Michael Schmidt
- Institute of Photonic Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Konrad-Zuse-Strasse 3/5, Erlangen 91052, Germany
- Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Paul-Gordan-Strasse 6, Erlangen 91052, Germany
| | - Martin J Booth
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
- Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Paul-Gordan-Strasse 6, Erlangen 91052, Germany
- Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK
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