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Hui X, Yang C, Li D, He X, Huang H, Zhou H, Chen M, Lee C, Mu X. Infrared Plasmonic Biosensor with Tetrahedral DNA Nanostructure as Carriers for Label-Free and Ultrasensitive Detection of miR-155. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100583. [PMID: 34155822 PMCID: PMC8373097 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs play an important role in early development, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell death, and are aberrantly expressed in many types of cancers. To understand their function and diagnose cancer at an early stage, it is crucial to quantitatively detect microRNA without invasive labels. Here, a plasmonic biosensor based on surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) for rapid, label-free, and ultrasensitive detection of miR-155 is reported. This technology leverages metamaterial perfect absorbers stimulating the SEIRA effect to provide up to 1000-fold near-field intensity enhancement over the microRNA fingerprint spectral bands. Additionally, it is discovered that the limit of detection (LOD) of the biosensor can be greatly improved by using tetrahedral DNA nanostructure (TDN) as carriers. By using near-field enhancement of SEIRA and specific binding of TDN, the biosensor achieves label-free detection of miR-155 with a high sensitivity of 1.162% pm-1 and an excellent LOD of 100 × 10-15 m. The LOD is about 5000 times lower than that using DNA single strand as probes and about 100 times lower than that of the fluorescence detection method. This work can not only provide a powerful diagnosis tool for the microRNAs detection but also gain new insights into the field of label-free and ultrasensitive SEIRA-based biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xindan Hui
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and SystemsMinistry of EducationInternational R&D Center of Micro‐Nano Systems and New Materials TechnologyChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Clinical LaboratorySouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing400038China
| | - Dongxiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and SystemsMinistry of EducationInternational R&D Center of Micro‐Nano Systems and New Materials TechnologyChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
| | - Xianming He
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and SystemsMinistry of EducationInternational R&D Center of Micro‐Nano Systems and New Materials TechnologyChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
| | - He Huang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and SystemsMinistry of EducationInternational R&D Center of Micro‐Nano Systems and New Materials TechnologyChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and SystemsMinistry of EducationInternational R&D Center of Micro‐Nano Systems and New Materials TechnologyChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringCenter for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM)NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117576Singapore
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Clinical LaboratorySouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing400038China
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringCenter for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM)NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117576Singapore
| | - Xiaojing Mu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and SystemsMinistry of EducationInternational R&D Center of Micro‐Nano Systems and New Materials TechnologyChongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
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Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor of CO2 for Indoors and Outdoors. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11156869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ability to detect CO2 with the smallest possible devices, equipped with alarms and having great precision, is vital for human life, whether indoors or outdoors. It is essential to know if we are being subjected to this gas to establish the level of ventilation in factories, houses, classrooms, etc., and to be protected against viruses or dangerous gas concentrations. Equally, when we are in the countryside, it is useful to be able to evaluate if the greenhouse effect, caused by this gas, is increasing. We propose a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor for the measurement of CO2 concentrations taking into account that the refractive index of carbon dioxide depends on temperature, humidity, pressure, etc. With our sensor we can measure (in air) in any type of environment and concentration. Our sensor has a resolution of 5.15 × 10−5 RIU and a sensitivity of 19.4 RIU−1 for 400 ppm.
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Rezk MY, Sharma J, Gartia MR. Nanomaterial-Based CO 2 Sensors. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2251. [PMID: 33202957 PMCID: PMC7697554 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The detection of carbon dioxide (CO2) is critical for environmental monitoring, chemical safety control, and many industrial applications. The manifold application fields as well as the huge range of CO2 concentration to be measured make CO2 sensing a challenging task. Thus, the ability to reliably and quantitatively detect carbon dioxide requires vastly improved materials and approaches that can work under different environmental conditions. Due to their unique favorable chemical, optical, physical, and electrical properties, nanomaterials are considered state-of-the-art sensing materials. This mini-review documents the advancement of nanomaterial-based CO2 sensors in the last two decades and discusses their strengths, weaknesses, and major applications. The use of nanomaterials for CO2 sensing offers several improvements in terms of selectivity, sensitivity, response time, and detection, demonstrating the advantage of using nanomaterials for developing high-performance CO2 sensors. Anticipated future trends in the area of nanomaterial-based CO2 sensors are also discussed in light of the existing limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Y Rezk
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Jyotsna Sharma
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Manas Ranjan Gartia
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Kim HT, Hwang W, Liu Y, Yu M. Ultracompact gas sensor with metal-organic-framework-based differential fiber-optic Fabry-Perot nanocavities. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:29937-29947. [PMID: 33114882 DOI: 10.1364/oe.396146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Refractive-index (RI)-based sensing is a major optical sensing modality that can be implemented in various spectral ranges. While it has been widely used for sensing of biochemical liquids, RI-based gas sensing, particularly small-molecule gases, is challenging due to the extremely small RI change induced by gas concentration variations. We propose a RI-based ultracompact fiber-optic differential gas sensor that employs metal-organic-framework (MOF)-based dual Fabry-Perot (FP) nanocavities. A MOF is used as the FP cavity material to enhance the sensitivity as well as the selectivity to particular gas molecules. The differential sensing scheme leverages the opposite change in the cavity-length-dependent reflection of the two FP cavities, which further enhances the sensitivity compared with single FP cavity based sensing. For proof-of-concept, a fiber-optic CO2 sensor with ZIF-8-based dual FP nanocavities was fabricated. The effective footprint of the sensor was as small as 157 µm2 and the sensor showed an enhanced sensitivity of 48.5 mV/CO2Vol%, a dynamic range of 0-100 CO2Vol%, and a resolution of 0.019 CO2Vol% with 1 Hz low-pass filtering. Although the current sensor was only demonstrated for CO2 sensing, the proposed sensor concept can be used for sensing of a variety of gases when different kinds of MOFs are utilized.
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Opto-Electronic Refractometric Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonances and the Bolometric Effect. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10041211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The bolometric effect allows us to electrically monitor spectral characteristics of plasmonic sensors; it provides a lower cost and simpler sample characterization compared with angular and spectral signal retrieval techniques. In our device, a monochromatic light source illuminates a spectrally selective plasmonic nanostructure. This arrangement is formed by a dielectric low-order diffraction grating that combines two materials with a high-contrast in the index of refraction. Light interacts with this structure and reaches a thin metallic layer, that is also exposed to the analyte. The narrow absorption generated by surface plasmon resonances hybridized with low-order grating modes, heats the metal layer where plasmons are excited. The temperature change caused by this absorption modifies the resistance of a metallic layer through the bolometric effect. Therefore, a refractometric change in the analyte varies the electric resistivity under resonant excitation. We monitor the change in resistance by an external electric circuit. This optoelectronic feature must be included in the definition of the sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM) parameters. Besides the competitive value of the FOM (around 400 RIU − 1 , where RIU means refractive index unit), the proposed system is fully based on opto-electronic measurements. The device is modeled, simulated and analyzed considering fabrication and experimental constrains. The proposed refractometer behaves linearly within a range centered around the index of refraction of aqueous media, n ≃ 1.33 , and can be applied to the sensing for research in bio-physics, biology, and environmental sciences.
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Prabowo BA, Purwidyantri A, Liu KC. Surface Plasmon Resonance Optical Sensor: A Review on Light Source Technology. BIOSENSORS 2018; 8:E80. [PMID: 30149679 PMCID: PMC6163427 DOI: 10.3390/bios8030080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The notion of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor research emerged more than eight decades ago from the first observed phenomena in 1902 until the first introduced principles for gas sensing and biosensing in 1983. The sensing platform has been hand-in-hand with the plethora of sensing technology advancement including nanostructuring, optical technology, fluidic technology, and light source technology, which contribute to substantial progress in SPR sensor evolution. Nevertheless, the commercial products of SPR sensors in the market still require high-cost investment, component, and operation, leading to unaffordability for their implementation in a low-cost point of care (PoC) or laboratories. In this article, we present a comprehensive review of SPR sensor development including the state of the art from a perspective of light source technology trends. Based on our review, the trend of SPR sensor configurations, as well as its methodology and optical designs are strongly influenced by the development of light source technology as a critical component. These simultaneously offer new underlying principles of SPR sensor towards miniaturization, portability, and disposability features. The low-cost solid-state light source technology, such as laser diode, light-emitting diode (LED), organic light emitting diode (OLED) and smartphone display have been reported as proof of concept for the future of low-cost SPR sensor platforms. Finally, this review provides a comprehensive overview, particularly for SPR sensor designers, including emerging engineers or experts in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briliant Adhi Prabowo
- Research Center for Electronics and Telecommunications, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung 40135, Indonesia.
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Agnes Purwidyantri
- Research Unit for Clean Technology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung 40135, Indonesia.
| | - Kou-Chen Liu
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan.
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Ahn H, Song H, Choi JR, Kim K. A Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Using Double-Metal-Complex Nanostructures and a Review of Recent Approaches. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 18:E98. [PMID: 29301238 PMCID: PMC5795798 DOI: 10.3390/s18010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
From active developments and applications of various devices to acquire outside and inside information and to operate based on feedback from that information, the sensor market is growing rapidly. In accordance to this trend, the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor, an optical sensor, has been actively developed for high-sensitivity real-time detection. In this study, the fundamentals of SPR sensors and recent approaches for enhancing sensing performance are reported. In the section on the fundamentals of SPR sensors, a brief description of surface plasmon phenomena, SPR, SPR-based sensing applications, and several configuration types of SPR sensors are introduced. In addition, advanced nanotechnology- and nanofabrication-based techniques for improving the sensing performance of SPR sensors are proposed: (1) localized SPR (LSPR) using nanostructures or nanoparticles; (2) long-range SPR (LRSPR); and (3) double-metal-layer SPR sensors for additional performance improvements. Consequently, a high-sensitivity, high-biocompatibility SPR sensor method is suggested. Moreover, we briefly describe issues (miniaturization and communication technology integration) for future SPR sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesang Ahn
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Hyerin Song
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Jong-Ryul Choi
- Medical Device Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Korea.
| | - Kyujung Kim
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
- Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
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Lirtsman V, Golosovsky M, Davidov D. Surface plasmon excitation using a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer: Live cell and bacteria sensing. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:103105. [PMID: 29092505 DOI: 10.1063/1.4997388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report an accessory for beam collimation to be used as a plug-in for a conventional Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. The beam collimator makes use of the built-in focusing mirror of the FTIR spectrometer which focuses the infrared beam onto the pinhole mounted in the place usually reserved for the sample. The beam is collimated by a small parabolic mirror and is redirected to the sample by a pair of plane mirrors. The reflected beam is conveyed by another pair of plane mirrors to the built-in detector of the FTIR spectrometer. This accessory is most useful for the surface plasmon excitation. We demonstrate how it can be employed for label-free and real-time sensing of dynamic processes in bacterial and live cell layers. In particular, by measuring the intensity of the CO2 absorption peak one can assess the cell layer metabolism, while by measuring the position of the surface plasmon resonance one assesses the cell layer morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Lirtsman
- The Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael Golosovsky
- The Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dan Davidov
- The Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
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Real-Time and Label-Free Chemical Sensor-on-a-chip using Monolithic Si-on-BaTiO 3 Mid-Infrared waveguides. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5836. [PMID: 28724901 PMCID: PMC5517615 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05711-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chip-scale chemical detection is demonstrated by using mid-Infrared (mid-IR) photonic circuits consisting of amorphous silicon (a-Si) waveguides on an epitaxial barium titanate (BaTiO3, BTO) thin film. The highly c-axis oriented BTO film was grown by the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method and it exhibits a broad transparent window from λ = 2.5 μm up to 7 μm. The waveguide structure was fabricated by the complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) process and a sharp fundamental waveguide mode has been observed. By scanning the spectrum within the characteristic absorption regime, our mid-IR waveguide successfully perform label-free monitoring of various organic solvents. The real-time heptane detection is accomplished by measuring the intensity attenuation at λ = 3.0–3.2 μm, which is associated with -CH absorption. While for methanol detection, we track the -OH absorption at λ = 2.8–2.9 μm. Our monolithic Si-on-BTO waveguides establish a new sensor platform that enables integrated photonic device for label-free chemical detection.
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Yao Y, Ji F, Yin M, Ren X, Ma Q, Yan J, Liu SF. Ag Nanoparticle-Sensitized WO3 Hollow Nanosphere for Localized Surface Plasmon Enhanced Gas Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:18165-18172. [PMID: 27348055 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b04692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ag nanoparticle (NP)-sensitized WO3 hollow nanospheres (Ag-WO3-HNSs) are fabricated via a simple sonochemical synthesis route. It is found that the Ag-WO3-HNS shows remarkable performance in gas sensors. Field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) images reveal that the Agx-WO3 adopts the HNS structure in which WO3 forms the outer shell framework and the Ag NPs are grown on the inner wall of the WO3 hollow sphere. The size of the Ag NPs can be controlled by adjusting the addition amount of WCl6 during the reaction. The sensor Agx-WO3 exhibits extremely high sensitivity and selectivity toward alcohol vapor. In particular, the Ag(15nm)-WO3 sensor shows significantly lower operating temperature (230 °C), superior detection limits as low as 0.09 ppb, and faster response (7 s). Light illumination was found to boost the sensor performance effectively, especially at 405 and 900 nm, where the light wavelength resonates with the absorption of Ag NPs and the surface oxygen vacancies of WO3, respectively. The improved sensor performance is attributed to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology; School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Normal University , Guyuan 756000, P. R. China
| | - Fangxu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology; School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Mingli Yin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology; School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Xianpei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology; School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology; School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Junqing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology; School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Shengzhong Frank Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology; School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, P. R. China
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Jacassi A, Bozzola A, Zilio P, Tantussi F, De Angelis F. 3D coaxial out-of-plane metallic antennas for filtering and multi-spectral imaging in the infrared range. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28738. [PMID: 27345517 PMCID: PMC4921826 DOI: 10.1038/srep28738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We fabricated and investigated a new configuration of 3D coaxial metallic antennas working in the infrared which combines the strong lateral light scattering of vertical plasmonic structures with the selective spectral transmission of 2D arrays of coaxial apertures. The coaxial structures are fabricated with a top-down method based on a template of hollow 3D antennas. Each antenna has a multilayer radial structure consisting of dielectric and metallic materials not achievable in a 2D configuration. A planar metallic layer is inserted normally to the antennas. The outer dielectric shell of the antenna defines a nanometric gap between the horizontal plane and the vertical walls. Thanks to this aperture, light can tunnel to the other side of the plane, and be transmitted to the far field in a set of resonances. These are investigated with finite-elements electromagnetic calculations and with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy measurements. The spectral position of the resonances can be tuned by changing the lattice period and/or the antenna length. Thanks to the strong scattering provided by the 3D geometry, the transmission peaks possess a high signal-to-noise ratio even when the illuminated area is less than 2 × 2 times the operation wavelength. This opens new possibilities for multispectral imaging in the IR with wavelength-scale spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Jacassi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia-via Morego, 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy.,Università degli Studi di Genova, via Balbi, 5, I-16126, Genova, Italy
| | - Angelo Bozzola
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia-via Morego, 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
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Sachet E, Shelton CT, Harris JS, Gaddy BE, Irving DL, Curtarolo S, Donovan BF, Hopkins PE, Sharma PA, Sharma AL, Ihlefeld J, Franzen S, Maria JP. Dysprosium-doped cadmium oxide as a gateway material for mid-infrared plasmonics. NATURE MATERIALS 2015; 14:414-420. [PMID: 25686264 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The interest in plasmonic technologies surrounds many emergent optoelectronic applications, such as plasmon lasers, transistors, sensors and information storage. Although plasmonic materials for ultraviolet-visible and near-infrared wavelengths have been found, the mid-infrared range remains a challenge to address: few known systems can achieve subwavelength optical confinement with low loss in this range. With a combination of experiments and ab initio modelling, here we demonstrate an extreme peak of electron mobility in Dy-doped CdO that is achieved through accurate 'defect equilibrium engineering'. In so doing, we create a tunable plasmon host that satisfies the criteria for mid-infrared spectrum plasmonics, and overcomes the losses seen in conventional plasmonic materials. In particular, extrinsic doping pins the CdO Fermi level above the conduction band minimum and it increases the formation energy of native oxygen vacancies, thus reducing their populations by several orders of magnitude. The substitutional lattice strain induced by Dy doping is sufficiently small, allowing mobility values around 500 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) for carrier densities above 10(20) cm(-3). Our work shows that CdO:Dy is a model system for intrinsic and extrinsic manipulation of defects affecting electrical, optical and thermal properties, that oxide conductors are ideal candidates for plasmonic devices and that the defect engineering approach for property optimization is generally applicable to other conducting metal oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Sachet
- Department of Materials Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Christopher T Shelton
- Department of Materials Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Joshua S Harris
- Department of Materials Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Benjamin E Gaddy
- Department of Materials Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Douglas L Irving
- Department of Materials Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Stefano Curtarolo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Department of Electrical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Brian F Donovan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Patrick E Hopkins
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Peter A Sharma
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Ana Lima Sharma
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Jon Ihlefeld
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Stefan Franzen
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Jon-Paul Maria
- Department of Materials Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
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Anous NH, Khalil DA. Performance evaluation of a metal-insulator-metal surface plasmon resonance optical gas sensor under the effect of Gaussian beams. APPLIED OPTICS 2014; 53:2515-2522. [PMID: 24787425 DOI: 10.1364/ao.53.002515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the performance of a nonconventional IR surface plasmon resonance (SPR) gas sensor structure based on the use of a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure is studied. This MIM-based sensor structure gives enhanced performance five times better than the conventional MI SPR optical gas sensors. The performance of the SPR gas sensors is studied under the effect of oblique incident Gaussian beams with different spot sizes, and the performance enhancement of the MIM structure is confirmed for different spot sizes. The simulation technique used to generate the results is also verified by comparing them to actual experimental results available in the literature.
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14
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Lin PT, Singh V, Hu J, Richardson K, Musgraves JD, Luzinov I, Hensley J, Kimerling LC, Agarwal A. Chip-scale Mid-Infrared chemical sensors using air-clad pedestal silicon waveguides. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:2161-2166. [PMID: 23620303 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50177a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Towards a future lab-on-a-chip spectrometer, we demonstrate a compact chip-scale air-clad silicon pedestal waveguide as a Mid-Infrared (Mid-IR) sensor capable of in situ monitoring of organic solvents. The sensor is a planar crystalline silicon waveguide, which is highly transparent, between λ = 1.3 and 6.5 μm, so that its operational spectral range covers most characteristic chemical absorption bands due to bonds such as C-H, N-H, O-H, C-C, N-O, C=O, and C≡N, as opposed to conventional UV, Vis, Near-IR sensors, which use weaker overtones of these fundamental bands. To extend light transmission beyond λ = 3.7 μm, a spectral region where a typical silicon dioxide under-clad is absorbing, we fabricate a unique air-clad silicon pedestal waveguide. The sensing mechanism of our Mid-IR waveguide sensor is based on evanescent wave absorption by functional groups of the surrounding chemical molecules, which selectively absorb specific wavelengths in the mid-IR, depending on the nature of their chemical bonds. From a measurement of the waveguide mode intensities, we demonstrate in situ identification of chemical compositions and concentrations of organic solvents. For instance, we show that when testing at λ = 3.55 μm, the Mid-IR sensor can distinguish hexane from the rest of the tested analytes (methanol, toluene, carbon tetrachloride, ethanol and acetone), since hexane has a strong absorption from the aliphatic C-H stretch at λ = 3.55 μm. Analogously, applying the same technique at λ = 3.3 μm, the Mid-IR sensor is able to determine the concentration of toluene dissolved in carbon tetrachloride, because toluene has a strong absorption at λ = 3.3 μm from the aromatic C-H stretch. With our demonstration of an air-clad silicon pedestal waveguide sensor, we move closer towards the ultimate goal of an ultra-compact portable spectrometer-on-a-chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pao Tai Lin
- Materials Processing Center, Massachusetts Institute of technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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15
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Xiao F, Li G, Alameh K, Xu A. Fabry-Pérot-based surface plasmon resonance sensors. OPTICS LETTERS 2012; 37:4582-4584. [PMID: 23164845 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.004582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A new sensing approach based on the use of an optical Fabry-Pérot (FP) cavity in conjunction with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is proposed and theoretically investigated. The impact of the SPR on the intensity and phase response of the proposed sensor structure is evaluated using a modified FP model that takes into account the SPR effect. Compared to the conventional optical-phase-detection-based Kretschmann configuration, the proposed sensing approach requires only the measurement of the output power spectrum over a narrow wavelength span of several nanometers to evaluate the phase responses of the sensor, making it more attractive for practical high-sensitivity sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiao
- Electron Science Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia.
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16
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Lang T, Hirsch T, Fenzl C, Brandl F, Wolfbeis OS. Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor for Dissolved and Gaseous Carbon Dioxide. Anal Chem 2012; 84:9085-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac301673n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lang
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hirsch
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Fenzl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Brandl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Otto S. Wolfbeis
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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17
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Ahn JH, Seong TY, Kim WM, Lee TS, Kim I, Lee KS. Fiber-optic waveguide coupled surface plasmon resonance sensor. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:21729-21738. [PMID: 23037292 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.021729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach to give an excellent tunability and self-referencing capability was presented by applying a concept of waveguide coupled surface plasmon resonance mode to a fiber-optic sensor. The presence of dielectric waveguide sandwiched between two metal layers made it possible to precisely tune the resonance wavelength in a broad range from visible to infrared region and to generate multiple modes which may be selectively used for suitable applications. Our approach also verified the potential capability of self-referencing based on a remarkable difference in sensitivity between the plasmonic and waveguide modes excited by p- and s-polarized lights, respectively, without using an additional reference channel. Experimental measurement carried out on sucrose solutions with varying concentration demonstrated the feasibility of our approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Heon Ahn
- Electronic Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, South Korea
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18
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Yang C, Kaspi R, Tilton ML, Chavez JR, Ongstad AP, Dente GC. Spectrally narrow mid-infrared optically pumped lasers with partial surface DBR. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:10833-10838. [PMID: 22565707 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.010833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An optically pumped mid-infrared edge-emitting laser is described, in which a Distributed Bragg Reflector grating partially occupies the surface, and provides spectral narrowing in a high power device. A quasi-continuous-wave power of 3 Watts is obtained at 3.6 µm that is contained within a spectral width of 7 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Yang
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Albuquerque, NM 87117, USA.
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19
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Wu KY, Cheng XL, Lee LP. Intra-particle coupling and plasmon tuning of multilayer Au/dielectric/Au nanocrescents adhered to a dielectric cylinder. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 23:055201. [PMID: 22238274 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/5/055201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A 3D numerical study on surface plasmon resonance is presented for a multilayer Au/dielectric/Au nanocrescent structure adhered to a dielectric cylinder. Investigations are carried out on the structure’s coupling modes, local field enhancement (LFE) and plasmon tuning capability. The cavity coupling via the cylinder is found to be dominant in tuning the plasmon wavelength. This provides the possibility of tailoring the device's plasmon band by adjusting the cylinder’s size and material. By using a cylinder with higher permittivity, the plasmon peak significantly shifts to the near- or mid-infrared regime without increasing the size of the crescents, thus increase of radiation loss can be fully avoided. Extra crescent layers can also be added to the structure to induce intra-particle couplings among Au crescents and enlarge the areas of the hot-spots, without shifting the plasmon band. The LFE of the multiple-layer structure is shown to be dramatically increased through the intra-particle coupling among the Au crescents, compared with a single layer Au nanocrescent structure. Further increase of LFE can be achieved by substituting semiconductors for the dielectrics in the structure due to the charge transport at metal-semiconductor interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yu Wu
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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20
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Cheng CW, Abbas MN, Shih MH, Chang YC. Characterization of the surface plasmon polariton band gap in an Ag/SiO2/Ag T-shaped periodical structure. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:23698-23705. [PMID: 22109396 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.023698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the localized surface plasmon polariton (LSPP) band gap of an Ag/SiO(2)/Ag asymmetric T-shaped periodical structure is demonstrated and characterized. The Ag/SiO(2)/Ag asymmetric T-shaped periodical structure was designed and fabricated to exhibit the LSPP modes in an infrared wavelength regime, and its band gap can be manipulated through the structural geometry. The LSPP band gap was observed experimentally with the absorbance spectra and its angle dependence characterized with different incident angles. Such a T-shaped structure with a LSPP band gap can be widely exploited in various applications, such as emitters and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wen Cheng
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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21
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Kreno LE, Leong K, Farha OK, Allendorf M, Van Duyne RP, Hupp JT. Metal-organic framework materials as chemical sensors. Chem Rev 2011; 112:1105-25. [PMID: 22070233 DOI: 10.1021/cr200324t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4422] [Impact Index Per Article: 340.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Kreno
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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22
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Cheng CW, Abbas MN, Chang ZC, Shih MH, Wang CM, Wu MC, Chang YC. Angle-independent plasmonic infrared band-stop reflective filter based on the Ag/SiO₂/Ag T-shaped array. OPTICS LETTERS 2011; 36:1440-1442. [PMID: 21499383 DOI: 10.1364/ol.36.001440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A plasmonic infrared (IR) filter assisted by localized surface plasmon polaritons (LSPPs) in a Ag/SiO₂/Ag T-shaped array was theoretically and experimentally investigated. By using a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, an angle-independent LSPP resonant mode caused by a Fabry-Pérot resonance in the structure was observed in agreement with the prediction from the rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) simulation. The resonant wavelength of the mode can also be controlled by modifying the geometry of the T-shaped structure. Such LSPP property can be used as an IR reflection-type band-stop filter with a single spectral bandwidth and an ultrahigh immunity to incident angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wen Cheng
- Research Center for Applied Sciences (RCAS), Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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23
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Manera MG, Montagna G, Ferreiro-Vila E, González-García L, Sánchez-Valencia JR, González-Elipe AR, Cebollada A, Garcia-Martin JM, Garcia-Martin A, Armelles G, Rella R. Enhanced gas sensing performance of TiO2 functionalized magneto-optical SPR sensors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm11937k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Abbas A, Linman MJ, Cheng Q. New trends in instrumental design for surface plasmon resonance-based biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2010; 26:1815-24. [PMID: 20951566 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensing is one of the most advanced label free, real time detection technologies. Numerous research groups with divergent scientific backgrounds have investigated the application of SPR biosensors and studied the fundamental aspects of surface plasmon polaritons that led to new, related instrumentation. As a result, this field continues to be at the forefront of evolving sensing technology. This review emphasizes the new developments in the field of SPR-related instrumentation including optical platforms, chips design, nanoscale approach and new materials. The current tendencies in SPR-based biosensing are identified and the future direction of SPR biosensor technology is broadly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdennour Abbas
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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25
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Kreno LE, Hupp JT, Van Duyne RP. Metal−Organic Framework Thin Film for Enhanced Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Gas Sensing. Anal Chem 2010; 82:8042-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ac102127p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Kreno
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Joseph T. Hupp
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Richard P. Van Duyne
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
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26
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Dai W, Yang Q, Gu F, Tong L. ZnO subwavelength wires for fast-response mid-infrared detection. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:21808-21812. [PMID: 19997425 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.021808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Room temperature operating thermal detection for mid-infrared light based on ZnO subwavelength wires has been demonstrated. Electric resistance in ZnO wires increases linearly with the intensity of incident light. Noise equivalent power (NEP) of 5.8 microW/Hz(1/2) (at 1 kHz) with typical response times as fast as 1.3 ms is obtained at 10.6-microm wavelength. The sensitivity and response time of the detector are also found to be insensitive to the ambient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Department of Optical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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