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Rouxel A, Gauthier-Lafaye O, Monmayrant A. Resolving ambiguities in phase correction term for optical field encoding. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:4525-4528. [PMID: 39146095 DOI: 10.1364/ol.533058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
This article addresses ambiguities regarding the existence and definition of a phase correction term in phase and amplitude optical field encoding techniques. We present a generalized mixed Fourier-Taylor series expansion that is valid for any phase-wrapping interval. Our theoretical analysis, along with numerical and experimental validations, confirm that maintaining consistency within a given phase-wrapping convention ensures equivalent results and reconciles previously conflicting interpretations.
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Kunio K, Bogusławski J, Soboń G. Efficient multiphoton microscopy with picosecond laser pulses. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:4597-4600. [PMID: 39146113 DOI: 10.1364/ol.533227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopes employ femtosecond lasers as light sources because the high peak power of the ultrashort pulse allows for multiphoton excitation of fluorescence in the examined sample. However, such short pulses are susceptible to broadening in a microscope's highly dispersive optical elements and require careful dispersion management, otherwise decreasing excitation efficiency. Here, we have developed a 10 nJ Yb:fiber picosecond laser with an integrated pulse picker unit and evaluated its performance in multiphoton microscopy. Our results show that performance comparable to femtosecond pulses can be obtained with picosecond pulses only by reducing the pulse repetition rate and that such pulses are significantly less prone to the effect of chromatic dispersion. These findings proved that the temporal pulse compression is not always efficient, and it can be omitted by using a smaller and easier-to-use all-fiber setup.
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Durst ME, Turcios A, Laurence C, Moskovitz E. Dispersion compensation by a liquid lens (DisCoBALL). APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:428-435. [PMID: 30645323 PMCID: PMC6342488 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.000428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present dispersion compensation by a liquid lens (DisCoBALL), which provides tunable group-delay dispersion (GDD) that is high speed, has a large tuning range, and uses off-the-shelf components. GDD compensation is crucial for experiments with ultrashort pulses. With an electrically tunable lens (ETL) at the Fourier plane of a 4f grating pair pulse shaper, the ETL applies a parabolic phase shift in space and therefore a parabolic phase shift to the laser spectrum, i.e., GDD. The GDD can be tuned with a range greater than 2×105 fs2 at a rate of 100 Hz while maintaining stable coupling into a single-mode fiber.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To discuss the tradeoff between permissive anemia and administering red blood cell transfusion to children in pediatric ICUs. RECENT FINDINGS Postsurgical mortality in adults increases abruptly if their nadir hemoglobin level falls below 5 g/dl. Patients with sepsis, even those in septic shock, and patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding do not require red blood cell (RBC) transfusion if their hemoglobin level is above 7 g/dl. SUMMARY Anemia is common in critically ill children and is well tolerated most of the time. RBC transfusion is required in cases of hemorrhagic shock and in children with a hemoglobin level below 5 g/dl. Children with sepsis, including septic shock, those with a severe upper gastrointestinal bleeding and all stable critically ill children, including noncyanotic cardiac children older than 28 days, do not require an RBC transfusion if their hemoglobin level is above 7 g/dl. Transfusion threshold in children with univentricular physiology and in critically ill children with a hemoglobin level between 5 and 7 g/dl remains to be determined.
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Flynn DC, Bhagwat AR, Brenner MH, Núñez MF, Mork BE, Cai D, Swanson JA, Ogilvie JP. Pulse-shaping based two-photon FRET stoichiometry. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:3353-72. [PMID: 25836193 PMCID: PMC4394757 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.003353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) based measurements that calculate the stoichiometry of intermolecular interactions in living cells have recently been demonstrated, where the technique utilizes selective one-photon excitation of donor and acceptor fluorophores to isolate the pure FRET signal. Here, we present work towards extending this FRET stoichiometry method to employ two-photon excitation using a pulse-shaping methodology. In pulse-shaping, frequency-dependent phases are applied to a broadband femtosecond laser pulse to tailor the two-photon excitation conditions to preferentially excite donor and acceptor fluorophores. We have also generalized the existing stoichiometry theory to account for additional cross-talk terms that are non-vanishing under two-photon excitation conditions. Using the generalized theory we demonstrate two-photon FRET stoichiometry in live COS-7 cells expressing fluorescent proteins mAmetrine as the donor and tdTomato as the acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Flynn
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
USA
| | - Amar R. Bhagwat
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109
USA
| | - Meredith H. Brenner
- Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, 450 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109
USA
| | - Marcos F. Núñez
- Biophysics Program, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109
USA
| | - Briana E. Mork
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109
USA
| | - Dawen Cai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
USA
| | - Joel A. Swanson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
USA
| | - Jennifer P. Ogilvie
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109
USA
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Shayovitz D, Herrmann H, Sohler W, Ricken R, Silberhorn C, Marom DM. Full-field reconstruction of ultrashort waveforms by time to space conversion interferogram analysis. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:20205-20213. [PMID: 25321230 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Accurate amplitude and phase measurements of ultrashort optical waveforms are essential for their use in a wide range of scientific disciplines. Here we report the first demonstration of full-field optical reconstruction of ultrashort waveforms using a time-to-space converter, followed by a spatial recording of an interferogram. The algorithm-free technique is demonstrated by measuring ultrashort pulses that are widely frequency chirped from negative to positive, as well as phase modulated pulse packets. Amplitude and phase measurements were recorded for pulses ranging from 0.5 ps to 10 ps duration, with measured dimensionless chirp parameter values from -30 to 30. The inherently single-shot nature of time-to-space conversion enables full-field measurement of complex and non-repetitive waveforms.
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Brenner MH, Cai D, Swanson JA, Ogilvie JP. Two-photon imaging of multiple fluorescent proteins by phase-shaping and linear unmixing with a single broadband laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:17256-64. [PMID: 23938572 PMCID: PMC3724397 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.017256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Imaging multiple fluorescent proteins (FPs) by two-photon microscopy has numerous applications for studying biological processes in thick and live samples. Here we demonstrate a setup utilizing a single broadband laser and a phase-only pulse-shaper to achieve imaging of three FPs (mAmetrine, TagRFPt, and mKate2) in live mammalian cells. Phase-shaping to achieve selective excitation of the FPs in combination with post-imaging linear unmixing enables clean separation of the fluorescence signal of each FP. This setup also benefits from low overall cost and simple optical alignment, enabling easy adaptation in a regular biomedical research laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith H. Brenner
- Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan 450 Church St., Ann Arbor MI 48109
USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Dawen Cai
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Joel A. Swanson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
USA
| | - Jennifer P. Ogilvie
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
USA
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Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy has enabled unprecedented dynamic exploration in living organisms. A significant challenge in biological research is the dynamic imaging of features deep within living organisms, which permits the real-time analysis of cellular structure and function. To make progress in our understanding of biological machinery, optical microscopes must be capable of rapid, targeted access deep within samples at high resolution. In this Review, we discuss the basic architecture of a multiphoton microscope capable of such analysis and summarize the state-of-the-art technologies for the quantitative imaging of biological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich E. Hoover
- Center for Microintegrated Optics for Advanced Bioimaging and Control, Colorado School of Mines, 1523 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, 1523 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Jeff A. Squier
- Center for Microintegrated Optics for Advanced Bioimaging and Control, Colorado School of Mines, 1523 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, 1523 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
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Brenner MH, Cai D, Straight SW, Swanson JA, Ogilvie JP. Pulse-shaping-based two-photon FRET microscopy. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20134111009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Liu Y, Tu H, Benalcazar WA, Chaney EJ, Boppart SA. Multimodal Nonlinear Microscopy by Shaping a Fiber Supercontinuum From 900 to 1160 nm. IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY 2012; 18:10.1109/JSTQE.2011.2168559. [PMID: 24187481 PMCID: PMC3812947 DOI: 10.1109/jstqe.2011.2168559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear microscopy has become widely used in biophotonic imaging. Pulse shaping provides control over nonlinear optical processes of ultrafast pulses for selective imaging and contrast enhancement. In this study, nonlinear microscopy, including two-photon fluorescence, second harmonic generation, and third harmonic generation, was performed using pulses shaped from a fiber supercontinuum (SC) spanning from 900 to 1160 nm. The SC generated by coupling pulses from a Yb:KYW pulsed laser into a photonic crystal fiber was spectrally filtered and compressed using a spatial light modulator. The shaped pulses were used for nonlinear optical imaging of cellular and tissue samples. Amplitude and phase shaping the fiber SC offers selective and efficient nonlinear optical imaging over a broad bandwidth with a single-beam and an easily tunable setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Biophotonics Imaging Laboratory, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA ( )
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Pearson BJ, Weinacht TC. Note: self-characterizing ultrafast pulse shaper for rapid pulse switching. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:046111. [PMID: 22559597 DOI: 10.1063/1.4708618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We use a high-efficiency acousto-optic modulator at the input to a two-dimensional Fourier-domain pulse shaper to achieve built-in characterization of the shaped output pulses. The acousto-optic modulator directs the beam to different vertical positions on a two-dimensional spatial light modulator, each of which can contain a different pulse shape. The undiffracted portion of the light serves as a reference beam for characterizing the shaped pulse via spectral interferometry. Pulse switching rates of 100 kHz can be achieved, making the device especially useful for quantum-control spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett J Pearson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania 17013-2896, USA.
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Brenner MH, Cai D, Nichols SR, Straight SW, Hoppe AD, Swanson JA, Ogilvie JP. Pulse-shaping multiphoton FRET microscopy. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2012; 8226:82260R. [PMID: 22737295 PMCID: PMC3380370 DOI: 10.1117/12.909225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) microscopy is a commonly-used technique to study problems in biophysics that range from uncovering cellular signaling pathways to detecting conformational changes in single biomolecules. Unfortunately, excitation and emission spectral overlap between the fluorophores create challenges in quantitative FRET studies. It has been shown previously that quantitative FRET stoichiometry can be performed by selective excitation of donor and acceptor fluorophores. Extending this approach to two-photon FRET applications is difficult when conventional femtosecond laser sources are used due to their limited bandwidth and slow tuning response time. Extremely broadband titanium:sapphire lasers enable the simultaneous excitation of both donor and acceptor for two-photon FRET, but do so without selectivity. Here we present a novel two-photon FRET microscopy technique that employs pulse-shaping to perform selective excitation of fluorophores in live cells and detect FRET between them. Pulse-shaping via multiphoton intrapulse interference can tailor the excitation pulses to achieve selective excitation. This technique overcomes the limitation of conventional femtosecond lasers to allow rapid switching between selective excitation of the donor and acceptor fluorophores. We apply the method to live cells expressing the fluorescent proteins mCerulean and mCherry, demonstrating selective excitation of fluorophores via pulse-shaping and the detection of two-photon FRET. This work paves the way for two-photon FRET stoichiometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith H. Brenner
- Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48109
| | - Dawen Cai
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48109
| | - Sarah R. Nichols
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48109
| | - Samuel W. Straight
- Center for Live Cell Imaging, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48109
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48109
| | - Adam D. Hoppe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Avera Health Science Center, Box 2202, Brookings, SD, USA 57007
| | - Joel A. Swanson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48109
| | - Jennifer P. Ogilvie
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48109
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Tseng CH, Weinacht TC, Rhoades AE, Murray M, Pearson BJ. Using shaped ultrafast laser pulses to detect enzyme binding. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:24638-24646. [PMID: 22109492 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.024638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We use multiphoton quantum-control spectroscopy to discriminate between unbound and enzyme-bound NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) molecules in solution. Shaped ultrafast laser pulses are used to illuminate both forms of NADH, and the ratio of the fluorescence from the bound and unbound molecules for different pulse shapes allows us to measure binding without spectrally resolving the emitted fluorescence or relying on the absolute fluorescence yield. This permits determination of enzyme binding in situations where spectrally resolved measurements and absolute fluorescence yields are difficult to obtain, and makes the approach ideal for multiphoton microscopy with molecular discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-hung Tseng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800, USA
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Tkaczyk ER, Tkaczyk AH. Multiphoton flow cytometry strategies and applications. Cytometry A 2011; 79:775-88. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.21110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Harada T, Matsuishi K, Oishi Y, Isobe K, Suda A, Kawan H, Mizuno H, Miyawaki A, Midorikawa K, Kannari F. Temporal control of local plasmon distribution on Au nanocrosses by ultra-broadband femtosecond laser pulses and its application for selective two-photon excitation of multiple fluorophores. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:13618-13627. [PMID: 21747518 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.013618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically demonstrate spatiotemporal control of local plasmon distribution on Au nanocrosses, which have different aspect ratios, by chirped ultra-broadband femtosecond laser pulses. We also demonstrate selective excitation of fluorescence proteins using this spatiotemporal local plasmon control technique for applications to two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Harada
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Keio University, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Japan
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Schön P, Brasselet S. Application of single-beam homodyne SPIDER for the control of complex spectral phase profiles. OPTICS LETTERS 2011; 36:805-807. [PMID: 21403689 DOI: 10.1364/ol.36.000805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the range of application of single-beam homodyne spectral phase interferometry for direct electric field reconstruction (SPIDER) for multiphoton microscopy. Simulations and experimental studies performed on model spectral phase profiles show that the phase reconstruction technique used in this method makes the phase retrieval quality highly sensitive to the complexity of the profile. In addition, we show that the use of iterative processes is likely to deteriorate the phase retrieval quality, especially for strongly varying phase profiles. These effects are illustrated and quantified for sinusoidal and quadratic spectral phase profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schön
- Institut Fresnel, MOSAIC, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, École Centrale Marseille, Domaine Universitaire St Jérôme, Marseille, France
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Labroille G, Pillai RS, Solinas X, Boudoux C, Olivier N, Beaurepaire E, Joffre M. Dispersion-based pulse shaping for multiplexed two-photon fluorescence microscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 2010; 35:3444-3446. [PMID: 20967094 DOI: 10.1364/ol.35.003444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate selective two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy with shaped pulses produced with a simple yet efficient scheme based on dispersive optical components. The pulse train from a broadband oscillator is split into two subtrains that are sent through different amounts of glass. Beam recombination results in pulse-shape switching at a rate of 150MHz. Time-resolved photon counting detection then provides two simultaneous images resulting from selective two-photon excitation, as demonstrated in a live embryo. Although less versatile than programmable pulse-shaping devices, this novel arrangement significantly improves the performance of selective microscopy using broadband shaped pulses while simplifying the experimental setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Labroille
- Laboratoire d’Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, and INSERM U696, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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