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Kühn D, Treffer A, Wyrowski F, Grunwald R. Simultaneous spatio-temporal focusing with pulse front symmetrization. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:750-753. [PMID: 35167516 DOI: 10.1364/ol.449597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous spatio-temporal focusing of ultrashort pulses is usually performed by single-channel stretcher-compressor geometries where pulse front tilt leads to spatial asymmetry. Here, the basic approach is extended by superimposing two reciprocal sub-beams in a dual-channel stretcher-compressor setup. Spatio-temporal properties of the symmetrized focal zones of few-cycle near-infrared pulses are studied by parametric numerical simulations with physical optics software. Spatial modulations of focal zones depending on focusing conditions appear. Relationships to specific ultrafast interference phenomena are addressed.
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Durst ME, Yurak S, Moscatelli J, Linhares I, Vargas R. Remote Focusing in a Temporal Focusing Microscope. OSA CONTINUUM 2021; 4:2757-2770. [PMID: 35531308 PMCID: PMC9075704 DOI: 10.1364/osac.443116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In a temporal focusing microscope, dispersion can remotely shift the temporal focal plane axially, but only a single depth can be in focus at a time on a fixed camera. In this paper, we demonstrate remote focusing in a temporal focusing microscope. Dispersion tuning with an electrically tunable lens (ETL) in a 4 f pulse shaper scans the excitation plane axially, and another ETL in the detection path keeps the shifted excitation plane in focus on the camera. Image stacks formed using two ETLs versus a traditional stage scan are equivalent.
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Characteristics and Applications of Spatiotemporally Focused Femtosecond Laser Pulses. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/app6120428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Greco MJ, Block E, Meier AK, Beaman A, Cooper S, Iliev M, Squier JA, Durfee CG. Spatial-spectral characterization of focused spatially chirped broadband laser beams. APPLIED OPTICS 2015; 54:9818-9822. [PMID: 26836543 DOI: 10.1364/ao.54.009818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Proper alignment is critical to obtain the desired performance from focused spatially chirped beams, for example in simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing (SSTF). We present a simple technique for inspecting the beam paths and focusing conditions for the spectral components of a broadband beam. We spectrally resolve the light transmitted past a knife edge as it was scanned across the beam at several axial positions. The measurement yields information about spot size, M2, and the propagation paths of different frequency components. We also present calculations to illustrate the effects of defocus aberration on SSTF beams.
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Durfee CG, Greco M, Block E, Vitek D, Squier JA. Intuitive analysis of space-time focusing with double-ABCD calculation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:14244-59. [PMID: 22714487 PMCID: PMC3482919 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.014244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We analyze the structure of space-time focusing of spatially-chirped pulses using a technique where each frequency component of the beam follows its own Gaussian beamlet that in turn travels as a ray through the system. The approach leads to analytic expressions for the axially-varying pulse duration, pulse-front tilt, and the longitudinal intensity profile. We find that an important contribution to the intensity localization obtained with spatial-chirp focusing arises from the evolution of the geometric phase of the beamlets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles G Durfee
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA.
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Vitek DN, Block E, Bellouard Y, Adams DE, Backus S, Kleinfeld D, Durfee CG, Squier JA. Spatio-temporally focused femtosecond laser pulses for nonreciprocal writing in optically transparent materials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:24673-8. [PMID: 21164813 PMCID: PMC4157520 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.024673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing (SSTF) provides precise control of the pulse front tilt (PFT) necessary to achieve nonreciprocal writing in glass wherein the material modification depends on the sample scanning direction with respect to the PFT. The PFT may be adjusted over several orders of magnitude. Using SSTF nonreciprocal writing is observed for a large range of axial focal positions within the sample, and nonreciprocal ablation patterns on the surface of the sample are revealed. Further, the lower numerical aperture (0.03 NA) utilized with SSTF increases the rate of writing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn N. Vitek
- Center for Micro-integrated Optics for Advanced Bio-imaging and Control, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Erica Block
- Center for Micro-integrated Optics for Advanced Bio-imaging and Control, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Yves Bellouard
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel E. Adams
- Kapteyn-Murnane Laboratories, Inc., Boulder, Colorado 80301, USA
| | - Sterling Backus
- Kapteyn-Murnane Laboratories, Inc., Boulder, Colorado 80301, USA
| | - David Kleinfeld
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Charles G. Durfee
- Center for Micro-integrated Optics for Advanced Bio-imaging and Control, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Squier
- Center for Micro-integrated Optics for Advanced Bio-imaging and Control, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
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Coughlan MA, Plewicki M, Levis RJ. Spatio-temporal and -spectral coupling of shaped laser pulses in a focusing geometry. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:23973-86. [PMID: 21164744 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.023973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The spatio-temporal coupling of shaped laser pulses is measured using scanning SEA TADPOLE as a function of propagation distance through the focal region of a plano-convex lens. A double pulse sequence is measured to have a gradually changing spectral phase across the beam front as a function of propagation distance. When a sinusoidal spectral phase is applied to the shaper a saw-tooth spectral amplitude is measured across the beam front before and after the focal plane of the lens. The measured spatio-spectral phase and amplitude for these two common pulse shapes are consistent with the predictions of a theoretical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Coughlan
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Photonics Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
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Vitek DN, Adams DE, Johnson A, Tsai PS, Backus S, Durfee CG, Kleinfeld D, Squier JA. Temporally focused femtosecond laser pulses for low numerical aperture micromachining through optically transparent materials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:18086-94. [PMID: 20721196 PMCID: PMC3408926 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.018086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Temporal focusing of spatially chirped femtosecond laser pulses overcomes previous limitations for ablating high aspect ratio features with low numerical aperture (NA) beams. Simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing reduces nonlinear interactions, such as self-focusing, prior to the focal plane so that deep (approximately 1 mm) features with parallel sidewalls are ablated at high material removal rates (25 microm(3) per 80 microJ pulse) at 0.04-0.05 NA. This technique is applied to the fabrication of microfluidic devices by ablation through the back surface of thick (6 mm) fused silica substrates. It is also used to ablate bone under aqueous immersion to produce craniotomies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn N. Vitek
- Center for Micro-integrated Optics for Advanced Bio-imaging and Control, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401,
USA
| | - Daniel E. Adams
- Center for Micro-integrated Optics for Advanced Bio-imaging and Control, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401,
USA
| | - Adrea Johnson
- Center for Micro-integrated Optics for Advanced Bio-imaging and Control, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401,
USA
| | - Philbert S. Tsai
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093,
USA
| | - Sterling Backus
- Kapteyn-Murnane Laboratories, Inc., Boulder, Colorado 80301,
USA
| | - Charles G. Durfee
- Center for Micro-integrated Optics for Advanced Bio-imaging and Control, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401,
USA
| | - David Kleinfeld
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093,
USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Squier
- Center for Micro-integrated Optics for Advanced Bio-imaging and Control, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401,
USA
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