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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Han X, Luo J, Lin C, Zhang Q, He X. Characterization of Limbus Biomechanical Properties Using Optical Coherence Elastography. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024:e202400275. [PMID: 39225054 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202400275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The elasticity of the limbus is crucial for ocular health, yet it remains inadequately explored. This study employs acoustic radiation force optical coherence elastography (ARF-OCE) to evaluate the biomechanical properties of the limbus under varying intraocular pressures. The method was validated using a heterogeneous phantom and subsequently applied to ex vivo porcine limbus samples. Elastic wave velocity at specific locations within the limbus was calculated, and the corresponding Young's modulus values were obtained. Spatial elasticity distribution maps were generated by correlating Young's modulus values with their respective locations in the two-dimensional structural images. The results indicate that ARF-OCE enhances the understanding of limbus biomechanical behavior and holds potential for diagnosing regional variations caused by ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information Perception and Instrumentation of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- Faculty of Artificial Intelligence in Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Xinjian No.2 Secondary School, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information Perception and Instrumentation of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Luo
- Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information Perception and Instrumentation of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanqi Lin
- Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information Perception and Instrumentation of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information Perception and Instrumentation of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingdao He
- Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information Perception and Instrumentation of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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2
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Agno KC, Yang K, Byun SH, Oh S, Lee S, Kim H, Kim K, Cho S, Jeong WI, Jeong JW. A temperature-responsive intravenous needle that irreversibly softens on insertion. Nat Biomed Eng 2024; 8:963-976. [PMID: 37903901 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01116-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
The high stiffness of intravenous needles can cause tissue injury and increase the risk of transmission of blood-borne pathogens through accidental needlesticks. Here we describe the development and performance of an intravenous needle whose stiffness and shape depend on body temperature. The needle is sufficiently stiff for insertion into soft tissue yet becomes irreversibly flexible after insertion, adapting to the shape of the blood vessel and reducing the risk of needlestick injury on removal, as we show in vein phantoms and ex vivo porcine tissue. In mice, the needles had similar fluid-delivery performance and caused substantially less inflammation than commercial devices for intravenous access of similar size. We also show that an intravenous needle integrated with a thin-film temperature sensor can monitor core body temperature in mice and detect fluid leakage in porcine tissue ex vivo. Temperature-responsive intravenous needles may improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen-Christian Agno
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keungmo Yang
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyuk Byun
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Subin Oh
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Simok Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesoo Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyurae Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Cho
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Il Jeong
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Woong Jeong
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Han X, Zhang Y, Shi G, Liu G, Ai S, Wang Y, Zhang Q, He X. Quantitative assessment of corneal elasticity distribution after FS-LASIK using optical coherence elastography. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300441. [PMID: 38221644 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Quantifying corneal elasticity after femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) procedure plays an important role in improving surgical safety and quality, since some latent complications may occur ascribing to changes in postoperative corneal biomechanics. Nevertheless, it is suggested that current research has been severely constrained due to the lack of an accurate quantification method to obtain postoperative corneal elasticity distribution. In this paper, an acoustic radiation force optical coherence elastography system combined with the improved phase velocity algorithm was utilized to realize elasticity distribution images of the in vivo rabbit cornea after FS-LASIK under various intraocular pressure levels. As a result, elasticity variations within and between the regions of interest could be identified precisely. This is the first time that elasticity imaging of in vivo cornea after FS-LASIK surgery was demonstrated, and the results suggested that this technology may hold promise in further exploring corneal biomechanical properties after refractive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-electronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Science and Technology of Jiangxi Province and Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Optoelectronics Testing Technology, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Yubao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Science and Technology of Jiangxi Province and Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Optoelectronics Testing Technology, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Gang Shi
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Guo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Science and Technology of Jiangxi Province and Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Optoelectronics Testing Technology, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Sizhu Ai
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Science and Technology of Jiangxi Province and Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Optoelectronics Testing Technology, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Yidi Wang
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-electronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Science and Technology of Jiangxi Province and Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Optoelectronics Testing Technology, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Science and Technology of Jiangxi Province and Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Optoelectronics Testing Technology, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Xingdao He
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-electronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Science and Technology of Jiangxi Province and Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Optoelectronics Testing Technology, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, P. R. China
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4
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Pratama AKY, Setiawan A, Widyaningrum R, Mitrayana. Resonance frequency measurement to identify stiffness variations based on photoacoustic imaging. Biophys Physicobiol 2024; 21:e210008. [PMID: 38803337 PMCID: PMC11128304 DOI: 10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v21.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Linear assumption on the level of stiffness in a tissue shows a significant correlation with disease. Photoacoustic imaging techniques that are non-contact by design have been developed in this study to detect differences in phantom (soft tissue mimicking materials) stiffness. This study aims to detect differences in phantom stiffness based on the results of image reconstruction at the resonance frequency. Four phantom agars with differing concentrations were made to achieve different stiffnesses. The position of each phantom agar's highest photoacoustic signal amplitude is identified by a frequency modulation sweep. The characterization results show an increase in resonance frequency along with an increase in phantom stiffness. The image difference can be detected because the intensity of the photoacoustic image in samples that have a resonance frequency with laser modulation is comparatively higher than in other samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananta Kusuma Yoga Pratama
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Andreas Setiawan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana, Salatiga, Central Java 50711, Indonesia
| | - Rini Widyaningrum
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Mitrayana
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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Lan G, Twa MD, Song C, Feng J, Huang Y, Xu J, Qin J, An L, Wei X. In vivo corneal elastography: A topical review of challenges and opportunities. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:2664-2687. [PMID: 37181662 PMCID: PMC10173410 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical measurement of corneal biomechanics can aid in the early diagnosis, progression tracking, and treatment evaluation of ocular diseases. Over the past two decades, interdisciplinary collaborations between investigators in optical engineering, analytical biomechanical modeling, and clinical research has expanded our knowledge of corneal biomechanics. These advances have led to innovations in testing methods (ex vivo, and recently, in vivo) across multiple spatial and strain scales. However, in vivo measurement of corneal biomechanics remains a long-standing challenge and is currently an active area of research. Here, we review the existing and emerging approaches for in vivo corneal biomechanics evaluation, which include corneal applanation methods, such as ocular response analyzer (ORA) and corneal visualization Scheimpflug technology (Corvis ST), Brillouin microscopy, and elastography methods, and the emerging field of optical coherence elastography (OCE). We describe the fundamental concepts, analytical methods, and current clinical status for each of these methods. Finally, we discuss open questions for the current state of in vivo biomechanics assessment techniques and requirements for wider use that will further broaden our understanding of corneal biomechanics for the detection and management of ocular diseases, and improve the safety and efficacy of future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongpu Lan
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology Joint Laboratory, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
- Weiren Meditech Co., Ltd., Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Michael D. Twa
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States
| | - Chengjin Song
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology Joint Laboratory, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - JinPing Feng
- Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, China
| | - Yanping Huang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology Joint Laboratory, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
- Weiren Meditech Co., Ltd., Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Jingjiang Xu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology Joint Laboratory, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
- Weiren Meditech Co., Ltd., Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Jia Qin
- Weiren Meditech Co., Ltd., Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Lin An
- Weiren Meditech Co., Ltd., Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Xunbin Wei
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China
- International Cancer Institute, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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6
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Egberts G, Desmoulière A, Vermolen F, van Zuijlen P. Sensitivity of a two-dimensional biomorphoelastic model for post-burn contraction. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2023; 22:105-121. [PMID: 36229698 PMCID: PMC9957927 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-022-01634-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We consider a two-dimensional biomorphoelastic model describing post-burn scar contraction. This model describes skin displacement and the development of the effective Eulerian strain in the tissue. Besides these mechanical components, signaling molecules, fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and collagen also play a significant role in the model. We perform a sensitivity analysis for the independent parameters of the model and focus on the effects on features of the relative surface area and the total strain energy density. We conclude that the most sensitive parameters are the Poisson's ratio, the equilibrium collagen concentration, the contraction inhibitor constant, and the myofibroblast apoptosis rate. Next to these insights, we perform a sensitivity analysis where the proliferation rates of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts are not the same. The impact of this model adaptation is significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginger Egberts
- Delft Institute of Applied Mathematics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands. .,Research Group Computational Mathematics (CMAT), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium.
| | - Alexis Desmoulière
- grid.9966.00000 0001 2165 4861Department of Physiology, and EA 6309, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Fred Vermolen
- grid.12155.320000 0001 0604 5662Research Group Computational Mathematics (CMAT), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Paul van Zuijlen
- grid.415746.50000 0004 0465 7034Burn Centre and Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Red Cross Hospital, Beverwijk, The Netherlands ,grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.5650.60000000404654431Pediatric Surgical Centre, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC and VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Rawnaque FS, Simon JC. The effects of elastic modulus and impurities on bubble nuclei available for acoustic cavitation in polyacrylamide hydrogels. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 152:3502. [PMID: 36586847 DOI: 10.1121/10.0016445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Safety of biomedical ultrasound largely depends on controlling cavitation bubbles in vivo, yet bubble nuclei in biological tissues remain unexplored compared to water. This study evaluates the effects of elastic modulus (E) and impurities on bubble nuclei available for cavitation in tissue-mimicking polyacrylamide (PA) hydrogels. A 1.5 MHz focused ultrasound transducer with f# = 0.7 was used to induce cavitation in 17.5%, 20%, and 22.5% v/v PA hydrogels using 10-ms pulses with pressures up to peak negative pressure (p-) = 35 MPa. Cavitation was monitored at 0.075 ms through high-speed photography at 40 000 fps. At p- = 29 MPa for all hydrogels, cavitation occurred at random locations within the -6 dB focal area [9.4 × 1.2 mm (p-)]. Increasing p- to 35 MPa increased bubble location consistency and caused shock scattering in the E = 282 MPa hydrogels; as the E increased to 300 MPa, bubble location consistency decreased (p = 0.045). Adding calcium phosphate or cholesterol at 0.25% w/v or bovine serum albumin at 5% or 10% w/v in separate 17.5% PA as impurities decreased the cavitation threshold from p- = 13.2 MPa for unaltered PA to p- = 11.6 MPa, p- = 7.3 MPa, p- = 9.7 MPa, and p- = 7.5 MPa, respectively. These results suggest that both E and impurities affect the bubble nuclei available for cavitation in tissue-mimicking hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdousi Sabera Rawnaque
- Graduate Program in Acoustics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Julianna C Simon
- Graduate Program in Acoustics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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8
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Zhao Z, Zou J. Photoacoustic testing of shear viscoelastic properties of soft tissues using annular beam illumination. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:5583-5586. [PMID: 37219276 DOI: 10.1364/ol.464551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This Letter reports a new, to the best of our knowledge, photoacoustic excitation method for evaluating the shear viscoelastic properties of soft tissues. By illuminating the target surface with an annular pulsed laser beam, circularly converging surface acoustic waves (SAWs) are generated, focused, and detected at the center of the annular beam. The shear elasticity and shear viscosity of the target are extracted from the dispersive phase velocity of the SAWs based on the Kelvin-Voigt model and nonlinear regression fitting. Agar phantoms with different concentrations, and animal liver and fat tissue samples have successfully been characterized. Different from previous methods, the self-focusing of the converging SAWs allows sufficient SNR to be obtained even with low pulsed laser energy density, which makes this approach well compatible with soft tissues under both ex vivo and in vivo testing conditions.
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Chen G, Xia J. Non-Contact Shear Wave Generation and Detection Using High Frequency Air-Coupled Focused Transducer and Fiber Optic Based Sagnac Interferometer for Mechanical Characterization. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22155824. [PMID: 35957381 PMCID: PMC9370967 DOI: 10.3390/s22155824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In shear wave-based material mechanical characterization, the transmit/receiver transducer is generally in contact with the material through a coupling medium. In many applications, especially in biological tissue-related characterization, the application of the coupling medium and the contact method are not ideal, sometimes even unacceptable, due to contamination or stress response concerns. To avoid contact, we developed a 1 MHz air-coupled focused PZT transducer as a moderate pressure generator that could induce a shear wave in soft material and a fiber optic-based Sagnac system for the detection of the propagating shear wave. A calibration indicated that the fabricated air-coupled focused PZT transducer could generate pressure above 1 KPa within its focal range. This pressure is three to five times as much as the pressure generated by a 1 MHz air-coupled transducer currently available on the market. The integrated system was demonstrated through shear wave generation by the fabricated air-coupled PZT transducer and shear wave detection by the fiber optic Sagnac system in a nylon membrane. The results demonstrated the capability of the integrated system in non-contact material mechanical characterization, such as in material modulus measurement.
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10
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Toh PJY, Lai JKH, Hermann A, Destaing O, Sheetz MP, Sudol M, Saunders TE. Optogenetic control of YAP cellular localisation and function. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54401. [PMID: 35876586 PMCID: PMC9442306 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202154401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
YAP, an effector of the Hippo signalling pathway, promotes organ growth and regeneration. Prolonged YAP activation results in uncontrolled proliferation and cancer. Therefore, exogenous regulation of YAP activity has potential translational applications. We present a versatile optogenetic construct (optoYAP) for manipulating YAP localisation, and consequently its activity and function. We attach a LOV2 domain that photocages a nuclear localisation signal (NLS) to the N-terminus of YAP. In 488 nm light, the LOV2 domain unfolds, exposing the NLS, which shuttles optoYAP into the nucleus. Nuclear import of optoYAP is reversible and tuneable by light intensity. In cell culture, activated optoYAP promotes YAP target gene expression and cell proliferation. Similarly, optofYap can be used in zebrafish embryos to modulate target genes. We demonstrate that optoYAP can override a cell's response to substrate stiffness to generate anchorage-independent growth. OptoYAP is functional in both cell culture and in vivo, providing a powerful tool to address basic research questions and therapeutic applications in regeneration and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearlyn J Y Toh
- Mechanobiology InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Jason K H Lai
- Mechanobiology InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Anke Hermann
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and RheumatologyUniversity Hospital MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Olivier Destaing
- Institute for Advanced BiosciencesUniversité Grenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance,INSERM U1209Institute for Advanced BiosciencesLa TroncheFrance,CNRS UMR 5039Institute for Advanced BiosciencesLa TroncheFrance
| | - Michael P Sheetz
- Mechanobiology InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingapore,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
| | - Marius Sudol
- Mechanobiology InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingapore,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York CityNYUSA
| | - Timothy E Saunders
- Mechanobiology InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingapore,Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyA*STARSingapore,Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
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11
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Yang C, Xiang Z, Li Z, Nan N, Wang X. Optical coherence elastography to evaluate depth-resolved elasticity of tissue. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:8709-8722. [PMID: 35299317 DOI: 10.1364/oe.451704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Skin-elasticity measurements can assist in the clinical diagnosis of skin diseases, which has important clinical significance. Accurately determining the depth-resolved elasticity of superficial biological tissue is an important research direction. This paper presents an optical coherence elastography technique that combines surface acoustic waves and shear waves to obtain the elasticity of multilayer tissue. First, the phase velocity of the high-frequency surface acoustic wave is calculated at the surface of the sample to obtain the Young's modulus of the top layer. Then, the shear wave velocities in the other layers are calculated to obtain their respective Young's moduli. In the bilayer phantom experiment, the maximum error in the elastic estimation of each layer was 2.2%. The results show that the proposed method can accurately evaluate the depth-resolved elasticity of layered tissue-mimicking phantoms, which can potentially expand the clinical applications of elastic wave elastography.
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12
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Liquid-Liver Phantom: Mimicking the Viscoelastic Dispersion of Human Liver for Ultrasound- and MRI-Based Elastography. Invest Radiol 2022; 57:502-509. [PMID: 35195086 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tissue stiffness can guide medical diagnoses and is exploited as an imaging contrast in elastography. However, different elastography devices show different liver stiffness values in the same subject, hindering comparison of values and establishment of system-independent thresholds for disease detection. There is a need for standardized phantoms that specifically address the viscosity-related dispersion of stiffness over frequency. To improve standardization of clinical elastography across devices and platforms including ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a comprehensively characterized phantom is introduced that mimics the dispersion of stiffness of the human liver and can be generated reproducibly. MATERIALS AND METHODS The phantom was made of linear polymerized polyacrylamide (PAAm) calibrated to the viscoelastic properties of healthy human liver in vivo as reported in the literature. Stiffness dispersion was analyzed using the 2-parameter springpot model fitted to the dispersion of shear wave speed of PAAm, which was measured by shear rheometry, ultrasound-based time-harmonic elastography, clinical magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), and tabletop MRE in the frequency range of 5 to 3000 Hz. Imaging parameters for ultrasound and MRI, reproducibility, aging behavior, and temperature dependency were assessed. In addition, the frequency bandwidth of shear wave speed of clinical elastography methods (Aplio i900, Canon; Acuson Sequoia, Siemens; FibroScan, EchoSense) was characterized. RESULTS Within the entire frequency range analyzed in this study, the PAAm phantom reproduced well the stiffness dispersion of human liver in vivo despite its fluid properties under static loading (springpot stiffness parameter, 2.14 [95% confidence interval, 2.08-2.19] kPa; springpot powerlaw exponent, 0.367 [95% confidence interval, 0.362-0.373]). Imaging parameters were close to those of liver in vivo with only slight variability in stiffness values of 0.5% (0.4%, 0.6%), 4.1% (3.9%, 4.5%), and -0.63% (-0.67%, -0.58%), respectively, between batches, over a 6-month period, and per °C increase in temperature. CONCLUSIONS The liquid-liver phantom has useful properties for standardization and development of liver elastography. First, it can be used across clinical and experimental elastography devices in ultrasound and MRI. Second, being a liquid, it can easily be adapted in size and shape to specific technical requirements, and by adding inclusions and scatterers. Finally, because the phantom is based on noncrosslinked linear PAAm constituents, it is easy to produce, indicating potential widespread use among researchers and vendors to standardize liver stiffness measurements.
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13
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Mur J, Agrež V, Petelin J, Petkovšek R. Microbubble dynamics and jetting near tissue-phantom biointerfaces. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:1061-1069. [PMID: 35284176 PMCID: PMC8884194 DOI: 10.1364/boe.449814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Precise excitation of cavitation is a promising mechanism for microsurgery procedures and targeted drug delivery enhancement. The underlying phenomenon of interest, jetting behaviour of oscillating cavitation bubbles, occurs due to near-surface interactions between the boundary, liquid, and bubble. Within this study we measured boundary effects on the cavitation bubble dynamics and morphology, with an emphasis on observation and measurement of jetting behaviour near tissue-phantom biointerfaces. An important mechanism of boundary poration has been observed using time-resolved optical microscopy and explained for different tissue-phantom surface densities and Young's modulus. Below a critical distance to the boundary, around γ = 1.0, the resulting jets penetrated the tissue-phantom, resulting in highly localized few micrometer diameter jets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaka Mur
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Aškerčeva 6, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vid Agrež
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Aškerčeva 6, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jaka Petelin
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Aškerčeva 6, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rok Petkovšek
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Aškerčeva 6, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Zvietcovich F, Larin KV. Wave-based optical coherence elastography: The 10-year perspective. PROGRESS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2022; 4:012007. [PMID: 35187403 PMCID: PMC8856668 DOI: 10.1088/2516-1091/ac4512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
After 10 years of progress and innovation, optical coherence elastography (OCE) based on the propagation of mechanical waves has become one of the major and the most studied OCE branches, producing a fundamental impact in the quantitative and nondestructive biomechanical characterization of tissues. Preceding previous progress made in ultrasound and magnetic resonance elastography; wave-based OCE has pushed to the limit the advance of three major pillars: (1) implementation of novel wave excitation methods in tissues, (2) understanding new types of mechanical waves in complex boundary conditions by proposing advance analytical and numerical models, and (3) the development of novel estimators capable of retrieving quantitative 2D/3D biomechanical information of tissues. This remarkable progress promoted a major advance in answering basic science questions and the improvement of medical disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring in several types of tissues leading, ultimately, to the first attempts of clinical trials and translational research aiming to have wave-based OCE working in clinical environments. This paper summarizes the fundamental up-to-date principles and categories of wave-based OCE, revises the timeline and the state-of-the-art techniques and applications lying in those categories, and concludes with a discussion on the current challenges and future directions, including clinical translation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Zvietcovich
- University of Houston, Biomedical Engineering, Houston, TX, United States, 77204
| | - Kirill V. Larin
- University of Houston, Biomedical Engineering, Houston, TX, United States, 77204,
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15
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Tavakoli J, Geargeflia S, Tipper JL, Diwan AD. Magnetic resonance elastography: A non-invasive biomarker for low back pain studies. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bea.2021.100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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16
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Zhou K, Feng K, Li C, Huang Z. A Weighted Average Phase Velocity Inversion Model for Depth-Resolved Elasticity Evaluation in Human Skin In-Vivo. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2020; 68:1969-1977. [PMID: 33326373 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2020.3045133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In current surface acoustic wave (SAW) elastography field, wavelength-depth inversion model is a straightforward and widely used inversion model for depth-resolved elasticity profile reconstruction. However, the elasticity directly evaluated from the wavelength-depth relationship is biased. Thus, a new inversion model, termed weighted average phase velocity (WAPV) inversion model, is proposed to provide depth-resolved Young's modulus estimate with better accuracy. METHODS The forward model for SAW phase velocity dispersion curve generation was derived from the numerical simulations of SAWs in layered materials, and inversion was implemented by matching the measured phase velocity dispersion curve to the one generated from the forward model using the least squares fitting. Three two-layer agar phantoms with different top-layer thicknesses and one three-layer agar phantom were tested to validate the proposed inversion model. Then the model was demonstrated on human skin at various sites (palm, forearm and back of hand) in-vivo. RESULTS In multi-layered agar phantoms, depth-resolved elasticity estimates provided by the model have a maximal total inversion error of 15.2% per sample after inversion error compensation. In in-vivo human skin, the quantified bulk Young's moduli (palm: 212 ± 78 kPa; forearm: 32 ± 11 kPa and back of hand: 29 ± 8 kPa) are comparable to the reference values in the literature. CONCLUSION The WAPV inversion model can provide accurate depth-resolved Young's modulus estimates in layered biological soft tissues. SIGNIFICANCE The proposed model can predict depth-resolved elasticity in layered biological soft tissues with a reasonable accuracy which traditional wavelength-depth inversion model cannot provide.
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17
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Lan G, Larin KV, Aglyamov S, Twa MD. Characterization of natural frequencies from nanoscale tissue oscillations using dynamic optical coherence elastography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:3301-3318. [PMID: 32637256 PMCID: PMC7316029 DOI: 10.1364/boe.391324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the use of OCT-based elastography for soft-tissue characterization using natural frequency oscillations. Sub-micrometer to sub-nanometer oscillations were induced in tissue phantoms and human cornea in vivo by perpendicular air-pulse stimulation and observed by common-path OCT imaging (sensitivity: 0.24 nm). Natural frequency and damping ratio were acquired in temporal and frequency domains using a single degree of freedom method. The dominant natural frequency was constant for different stimulation pressures (4-32 Pa) and measured distances (0.3-5.3 mm), and decreased as the sample thickness increased. The dominant natural frequencies of 0.75-2% agar phantoms were 127-774 Hz (mean coefficient of variation [CV]: 0.9%), and correlated with the square root of Young's moduli (16.5-117.8 kPa, mean CV: 5.8%). These preliminary studies show repeatable in vivo corneal natural frequency measurements (259 Hz, CV: 1.9%). This novel OCE approach can distinguish tissues and materials with different mechanical properties using the small-amplitude tissue oscillation features, and is suitable for characterizing delicate tissues in vivo such as the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongpu Lan
- Foshan University, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Optometry, Birmingham, AL 35290, USA
- University of Houston, College of Optometry, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Kirill V. Larin
- University of Houston, Biomedical Engineering, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Salavat Aglyamov
- University of Houston, Mechanical Engineering, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Michael D. Twa
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Optometry, Birmingham, AL 35290, USA
- University of Houston, College of Optometry, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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18
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Yang B, Wolfenson H, Chung VY, Nakazawa N, Liu S, Hu J, Huang RYJ, Sheetz MP. Stopping transformed cancer cell growth by rigidity sensing. NATURE MATERIALS 2020; 19:239-250. [PMID: 31659296 PMCID: PMC7477912 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0507-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A common feature of cancer cells is the alteration of kinases and biochemical signalling pathways enabling transformed growth on soft matrices, whereas cytoskeletal protein alterations are thought to be a secondary issue. However, we report here that cancer cells from different tissues can be toggled between transformed and rigidity-dependent growth states by the absence or presence of mechanosensory modules, respectively. In various cancer lines from different tissues, cells had over tenfold fewer rigidity-sensing contractions compared with normal cells from the same tissues. Restoring normal levels of cytoskeletal proteins, including tropomyosins, restored rigidity sensing and rigidity-dependent growth. Further depletion of other rigidity sensor proteins, including myosin IIA, restored transformed growth and blocked sensing. In addition, restoration of rigidity sensing to cancer cells inhibited tumour formation and changed expression patterns. Thus, the depletion of rigidity-sensing modules through alterations in cytoskeletal protein levels enables cancer cell growth on soft surfaces, which is an enabling factor for cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Haguy Wolfenson
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Vin Yee Chung
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Naotaka Nakazawa
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuaimin Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Junqiang Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruby Yun-Ju Huang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael P Sheetz
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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Yao X, Li D, Park HC, Chen D, Guan H, Mahendroo M, Li X. Ultra-sensitive optical coherence elastography using a high-dynamic-range force loading scheme for cervical rigidity assessment. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:688-698. [PMID: 32133219 PMCID: PMC7041475 DOI: 10.1364/boe.383720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
An ultra-sensitive, wide-range force loading scheme is proposed for compression optical coherence elastography (OCE) that allows for the quantitative analysis of cervical tissue elasticity ex vivo. We designed a force loading apparatus featuring a water sink for minuscule incremental loading through a volume-controlled water droplet, from which the Young's modulus can be calculated by fitting the stress-strain curve. We validated the performance of the proposed OCE system on homogenous agar phantoms, showing the Young's modulus can be accurately estimated using this scheme. We then measured the Young's modulus of rodent cervical tissues acquired at different gestational ages, showing that the cervical rigidity of rodents was significantly dropped when entering the third trimester of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE), 50 Nanyang Drive #04-13, Singapore 637553, Singapore
- These authors contribute equally to this work
| | - Dawei Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- These authors contribute equally to this work
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Defu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Honghua Guan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mala Mahendroo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xingde Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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20
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Nair A, Liu CH, Singh M, Das S, Le T, Du Y, Soomro S, Aglyamov S, Mohan C, Larin KV. Assessing colitis ex vivo using optical coherence elastography in a murine model. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2019; 9:1429-1440. [PMID: 31559172 PMCID: PMC6732062 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2019.06.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes regions of ulceration within the interior of the colon. UC is estimated to afflict hundreds of thousands of people in the United States alone. In addition to traditional colonoscopy, ultrasonic techniques can detect colitis, but have limited spatial resolution, which frequently results in underdiagnoses. Nevertheless, clinical diagnosis of colitis is still generally performed via colonoscopy. Optical techniques such as confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography (OCT) have been proposed to detect UC with higher resolution. However, UC can potentially alter tissue biomechanical properties, providing additional contrast for earlier and potentially more accurate detection. Although clinically available elastography techniques have been immensely useful, they do not have the resolution for imaging small tissues, such as in small mammalian disease models. However, OCT-based elastography, optical coherence elastography (OCE), is well-suited for imaging the biomechanical properties of small mammal colon tissue. METHODS In this work, we induced elastic waves in ex vivo mouse colon tissue using a focused air-pulse. The elastic waves were detected using a phase-stabilized swept source OCE system, and the wave velocity was translated into stiffness. Measurements were taken at six positions for each sample to assess regional sample elasticity. Additional contrast between the control and diseased tissue was detected by analyzing the dispersion of the elastic wave and tissue optical properties obtained from the OCT structural image. RESULTS The results show distinct differences (P<0.05) in the stiffness between control and colitis disease samples, with a Young's modulus of 11.8±8.0 and 5.1±1.5 kPa, respectively. The OCT signal standard deviations for control and diseased samples were 5.8±0.3 and 5.5±0.2 dB, respectively. The slope of the OCT signal spatial frequency decay in the control samples was 92.7±10.0 and 87.3±4.7 dB∙µm in the colitis samples. The slope of the linearly fitted dispersion curve in the control samples was 1.5 mm, and 0.8 mm in the colitis samples. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that OCE can be utilized to distinguish tissue based on stiffness and optical properties. Our estimates of tissue stiffness suggest that the healthy colon tissue was stiffer than diseased tissue. Furthermore, structural analysis of the tissue indicates a distinct difference in tissue optical properties between the healthy and UC-like diseased tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achuth Nair
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chih Hao Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Manmohan Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susobhan Das
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Triet Le
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yong Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sanam Soomro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Salavat Aglyamov
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Chandra Mohan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kirill V. Larin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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21
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McIlvain G, Ganji E, Cooper C, Killian ML, Ogunnaike BA, Johnson CL. Reliable preparation of agarose phantoms for use in quantitative magnetic resonance elastography. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 97:65-73. [PMID: 31100487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Agarose phantoms are one type of phantom commonly used in developing in vivo brain magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) sequences because they are inexpensive and easy to work with, store, and dispose of; however, protocols for creating agarose phantoms are non-standardized and often result in inconsistent phantoms with significant variability in mechanical properties. Many magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound studies use phantoms, but often these phantoms are not tailored for desired mechanical properties and as such are too stiff or not mechanically consistent enough to be used in MRE. In this work, we conducted a systematic study of agarose phantom creation parameters to identify those factors that are most conducive to producing mechanically consistent agarose phantoms for MRE research. We found that cooling rate and liquid temperature affected phantom homogeneity. Phantom stiffness is affected by agar concentration (quadratically), by final liquid temperature and salt content in phantoms, and by the interaction of these two metrics each with stir rate. We captured and quantified the implied relationships with a regression model that can be used to estimate stiffness of resulting phantoms. Additionally, we characterized repeatability, stability over time, impact on MR signal parameters, and differences in agar gel microstructure. This protocol and regression model should prove beneficial in future MRE development studies that use phantoms to determine stiffness measurement accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace McIlvain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Elahe Ganji
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Catherine Cooper
- Department of Linguistics and Cognitive Science, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Megan L Killian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Babatunde A Ogunnaike
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Curtis L Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
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22
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Lan G, Twa MD. Theory and design of Schwarzschild scan objective for Optical Coherence Tomography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:5048-5064. [PMID: 30876110 PMCID: PMC6410919 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.005048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence elastography (OCE) is one form of multi-channel imaging that combines high-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging with mechanical tissue stimulation. This combination of structural and functional imaging can require additional space to integrate imaging capabilities with additional functional elements (e.g., optical, mechanical, or acoustic modulators) either at or near the imaging axis. We address this challenge by designing a novel scan lens based on a modified Schwarzchild objective lens, comprised of a pair of concentric mirrors with potential space to incorporate additional functional elements and minimal compromise to the available scan field. This scan objective design allows perpendicular tissue-excitation and response recording. The optimized scan lens design results in a working distance that is extended to ~140 mm (nearly 2x the focal length), an expanded central space suitable for additional functional elements (>15 mm in diameter) and diffraction-limited lateral resolution (19.33 μm) across a full annular scan field ~ ± 7.5 mm to ± 12.7 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongpu Lan
- Foshan University, Department of Photoelectric Technology, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Optometry, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Michael D. Twa
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Optometry, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
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23
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Huang PC, Chaney EJ, Iyer RR, Spillman DR, Odintsov B, Sobh NA, Boppart SA. Interstitial magnetic thermotherapy dosimetry based on shear wave magnetomotive optical coherence elastography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:539-551. [PMID: 30800498 PMCID: PMC6377902 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.000539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
While magnetic thermoseeds are often utilized in interstitial magnetic thermotherapy (iMT) to enable localized tumor ablation, we propose to extend their use as the perturbative source in magnetomotive optical coherence elastography (MM-OCE) so that the heat-induced elasticity alterations can be 'theranostically' probed. MM-OCE measurements were found to agree with indentation results. Tissue stiffening was visualized on iMT-treated porcine liver and canine soft tissue sarcoma specimens, where histology confirmed thermal damages. Additionally, the elasticity was found to increase exponentially and linearly with the conventional thermal dosage metrics and the deposited thermal energy, respectively. Collectively, a physiologically-meaningful, MM-OCE-based iMT dosimetry is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Chieh Huang
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1406 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Eric J. Chaney
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Rishyashring R. Iyer
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 306 N Wright St, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Darold R. Spillman
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Boris Odintsov
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Nahil A. Sobh
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Stephen A. Boppart
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1406 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 306 N Wright St, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 807 S Wright St, Champaign, Illinois 61820, USA
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Zhu J, He X, Chen Z. Acoustic radiation force optical coherence elastography for elasticity assessment of soft tissues. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY REVIEWS 2019; 54:457-481. [PMID: 31749516 PMCID: PMC6867804 DOI: 10.1080/05704928.2018.1467436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Biomechanical properties of soft tissues are important indicators of tissue functions which can be used for clinical diagnosis and disease monitoring. Elastography, incorporating the principles of elasticity measurements into imaging modalities, provides quantitative assessment of elastic properties of biological tissues. Benefiting from high-resolution, noninvasive and three-dimensional optical coherence tomography (OCT), optical coherence elastography (OCE) is an emerging optical imaging modality to characterize and map biomechanical properties of soft tissues. Recently, acoustic radiation force (ARF) OCE has been developed for elasticity measurements of ocular tissues, detection of vascular lesions and monitoring of blood coagulation based on remote and noninvasive ARF excitation to both internal and superficial tissues. Here, we describe the advantages of the ARF-OCE technique, the measurement methods in ARF-OCE, the applications in biomedical detection, current challenges and advances. ARF-OCE technology has the potential to become a powerful tool for in vivo elasticity assessment of biological samples in a non-contact, non-invasive and high-resolution nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhu
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92612, USA
| | - Xingdao He
- Key Laboratory of Nondestructive Test (Ministry of Education), Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Zhongping Chen
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92612, USA
- Key Laboratory of Nondestructive Test (Ministry of Education), Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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25
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Zhou K, Li C, Chen S, Nabi G, Huang Z. Feasibility study of using the dispersion of surface acoustic wave impulse for viscoelasticity characterization in tissue mimicking phantoms. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201800177. [PMID: 30073776 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of utilizing the phase velocity dispersion of impulse surface acoustic wave (SAW) for viscoelasticity characterization of soft materials. The focused ultrasound transducer and the phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography were applied as the impulse SAW inducer and tracker, respectively. Three types of liquid-paraffin-based cream-in-agar phantoms were tested. Phase velocity dispersion curve was extracted using a Fourier transform-based phase velocity analysis algorithm. Viscoelastic parameters were obtained by fitting the dispersion curve of SAW into Rayleigh wave dispersion equation. The estimated viscoelasticity was compared with that from spherical indenter, ramp-hold relaxation testing for validation. Both results show an increasing trend in the elasticity and decreasing trend in the viscosity with the concentration of liquid-paraffin-based cream increasing in the samples. The proposed method has the capability of evaluating the viscoelastic properties of homogeneous soft tissue. By combining viscoelastic parameters estimated from the proposed method, the dispersive SAW-impulse-based viscosity-compensated elastography could be further developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanheng Zhou
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Chunhui Li
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Siping Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | - Zhihong Huang
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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26
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Ruiz-Vargas A, Ivorra A, Arkwright JW. Design, Construction and Validation of an Electrical Impedance Probe with Contact Force and Temperature Sensors Suitable for in-vivo Measurements. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14818. [PMID: 30287842 PMCID: PMC6172255 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33221-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioimpedance spectroscopy measurements can be used for tissue characterization. These measurements can be performed in soft tissues by direct contact of a non-invasive probe consisting of two or four electrodes. The amount of force applied by users can be quite different, and the measurements can vary as a result. To compensate for this, we have built an electrical impedance probe (diameter 3.2 mm) with fibre optic contact-force and temperature sensors built in it. The different sensors of the probe were tested individually. The errors in magnitude and phase angle of the probe are <0.9% and <4°, respectively, for a 0.9% NaCl solution. The linear dynamic range of the force sensor was from 0 to 100 grams. An ex-vivo experiment on a section of proximal colon from a guinea-pig was performed. Twenty bioimpedance measurements were taken in a frequency range of 5 kHz to 1 MHz, while simultaneously recording the force applied. For an increase in contact pressure applied to tissue from 0 to 15.4 kPa, the maximum change in resistivity was 33% at 5 kHz and the minimum was 6.6% at 142 kHz. The probe is small enough to be introduced via the instrument port of an endoscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Ruiz-Vargas
- The Medical Device Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Antoni Ivorra
- Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Serra Húnter Programme, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John William Arkwright
- The Medical Device Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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27
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Chen X, Lu J, Li P. Elastography with low-frame-rate laser speckle contrast imaging using the aliasing effect. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:2811-2814. [PMID: 29905695 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.002811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Elastography is an attractive technique for quantifying the mechanical properties of biological tissue. Here, we report an elastography method with low-frame-rate laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) using the aliasing effect. This method needs only one excitation source, a low-frame-rate camera, and no synchronization between excitation and acquisition. The accuracy of the elasticity measurement was validated on tissue-mimicking phantoms by comparing the value with the elasticity measured by a high-frame-rate LSCI and by the rheometer. Elastography was also performed on chicken breast in vitro.
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Chen X, Wang Y, Lu J, Li P. Simultaneous viscosity and elasticity measurement using laser speckle contrast imaging. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:1582-1585. [PMID: 29601035 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.001582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Viscosity and elasticity are closely related to the physiological characteristics of biological tissues. This Letter reports a simultaneous quantitative measurement of these parameters realized with the laser speckle contrast imaging method. The propagation of a Rayleigh wave induced by an acoustic speaker is traced, and the frequency-dependent velocity dispersion is extracted with the frequency-wavenumber spectrum analysis method. The viscosity and elasticity moduli of oil-in-gelatin tissue-mimicking phantoms are calculated by fitting the dispersion curves to the Voigt model. The method is validated by comparing it with the results obtained by using a conventional mechanical rheometer.
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Zhou K, Le N, Huang Z, Li C. High-intensity-focused ultrasound and phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography for high resolution surface acoustic wave elastography. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11. [PMID: 28700131 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Elastography has the ability of quantitatively evaluating the mechanical properties of soft tissue; thus it is helpful for diagnosis and treatment monitoring of many diseases, for example, skin diseases. Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) have been proven to be a non-invasive, non-destructive method for accurate characterization of tissue elastic properties. Current SAW elastography using high-energy laser pulse or mechanical shaker still have some problems. In order to improve SAW elastography in medical application, a new technique was proposed in this paper, which combines high-intensity-focused ultrasound as a SAWs impulse inducer and phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography as a SAWs detector. A 2% agar-agar phantom and ex-vivo porcine skin were tested. The data were processed by a new algorithm based on the Fourier analysis. The results show that the proposed method has the capability of quantifying the elastic properties of soft tissue-mimicking materials. The lateral resolution of the elastogram has been significantly improved and the different layers in heterogeneous material could also been distinguished. Our improved technique of SAW elastography has a large potential to be widely applied in clinical use for skin disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanheng Zhou
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Nhan Le
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Zhihong Huang
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Chunhui Li
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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Wang S, Singh M, Tran TT, Leach J, Aglyamov SR, Larina IV, Martin JF, Larin KV. Biomechanical assessment of myocardial infarction using optical coherence elastography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:728-742. [PMID: 29552408 PMCID: PMC5854074 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.000728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) leads to cardiomyocyte loss, impaired cardiac function, and heart failure. Molecular genetic analyses of myocardium in mouse models of ischemic heart disease have provided great insight into the mechanisms of heart regeneration, which is promising for novel therapies after MI. Although biomechanical factors are considered an important aspect in cardiomyocyte proliferation, there are limited methods for mechanical assessment of the heart in the mouse MI model. This prevents further understanding the role of tissue biomechanics in cardiac regeneration. Here we report optical coherence elastography (OCE) of the mouse heart after MI. Surgical ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery was performed to induce an infarction in the heart. Two OCE methods with assessment of the direction-dependent elastic wave propagation and the spatially resolved displacement damping provide complementary analyses of the left ventricle. In comparison with sham, the infarcted heart features a fibrotic scar region with reduced elastic wave velocity, decreased natural frequency, and less mechanical anisotropy at the tissue level at the sixth week post-MI, suggesting lower and more isotropic stiffness. Our results indicate that OCE can be utilized for nondestructive biomechanical characterization of MI in the mouse model, which could serve as a useful tool in the study of heart repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Wang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Equal contribution
| | - Manmohan Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
- Equal contribution
| | - Thuy Tien Tran
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - John Leach
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Salavat R. Aglyamov
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, 4726 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Irina V. Larina
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - James F. Martin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- The Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Kirill V. Larin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Ave., Tomsk 634050, Russia
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Mazumder D, Kar G, Vasu RM, Roy D, Kanhirodan R. Orthotropic elastic moduli of biological tissues from ultrasound-assisted diffusing-wave spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2017; 34:1945-1956. [PMID: 29091642 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.34.001945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We obtain vibro-acoustic (VA) spectral signatures of a remotely palpated region in tissue or tissue-like objects through diffusing-wave spectroscopy (DWS) measurements. Remote application of force is through focused ultrasound, and the spectral signatures correspond to vibrational modes of the focal volume (also called the ROI) excited through ultrasound forcing. In DWS, one recovers the time evolution of mean-square displacement (MSD) of Brownian particles from the measured decay of intensity autocorrelation of light, adapted also to local particles pertaining only to the ROI. We observe that the plateau of the MSD-versus-time curve has noisy fluctuations when ultrasound is applied, which disappear when forcing is removed. It is shown that the spectrum of fluctuations contains peaks corresponding to some of the modes of vibration of the ROI. This enables us to measure the vibrational modes carried by VA waves. We also show recovery of components of the orthotropic elastic tensor pertaining to the material of the ROI from the measured vibrational modes. We first recover the elastic constants for agar slabs, which are verified to be isotropic. Thereafter, we repeat the exercise on fat recovered from pork back tissue, which, from these measurements, is seen to be orthotropic. We validate some of our present measurements through independent runs in a rheometer. The present work is the first step taken, to the best of our knowledge, to characterize biological tissue on the basis of the anisotropic elasticity property, which may potentially aid in the diagnosis and tracking of the progress of cancer in soft-tissue organs.
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Chang SY, Hsieh TS, Chen WR, Chen JC, Chou C. Measurement of tissue-radiation dosage using a thermal steady-state elastic shear wave. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:85001. [PMID: 28777836 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.8.085001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A biodosimeter based on thermal-induced elastic shear wave (TIESW) in silicone acellular porcine dermis (SAPD) at thermal steady state has been proposed and demonstrated. A square slab SAPD treated with ionizing radiation was tested. The SAPD becomes a continuous homogeneous and isotropic viscoelastic medium due to the generation of randomly coiled collagen fibers formed from their bundle-like structure in the dermis. A harmonic TIESW then propagates on the surface of the SAPD as measured by a nanometer-scaled strain-stress response under thermal equilibrium conditions at room temperature. TIESW oscillation frequency was noninvasively measured in real time by monitoring the transverse displacement of the TIESW on the SAPD surface. Because the elastic shear modulus is highly sensitive to absorbed doses of ionizing radiation, this proposed biodosimeter can become a highly sensitive and noninvasive method for quantitatively determining tissue-absorbed dosage in terms of TIESW’s oscillation frequency. Detection sensitivity at 1 cGy and dynamic ranges covering 1 to 40 cGy and 80 to 500 cGy were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yi Chang
- , Ph.D. Program in Biomedical, Engineering College of Engineering, Taoyuan
- , The General Education Center, Taipei
| | | | - Wei-Ru Chen
- , Ph.D. Program in Biomedical, Engineering College of Engineering, Taoyuan
| | | | - Chien Chou
- , Ph.D. Program in Biomedical, Engineering College of Engineering, Taoyuan
- , Graduate Institute of Electro-optical Engineering, Taoyuan
- , Center for Biomedical Engineering, Taoyuan
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Larin KV, Sampson DD. Optical coherence elastography - OCT at work in tissue biomechanics [Invited]. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:1172-1202. [PMID: 28271011 PMCID: PMC5330567 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.001172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence elastography (OCE), as the use of OCT to perform elastography has come to be known, began in 1998, around ten years after the rest of the field of elastography - the use of imaging to deduce mechanical properties of tissues. After a slow start, the maturation of OCT technology in the early to mid 2000s has underpinned a recent acceleration in the field. With more than 20 papers published in 2015, and more than 25 in 2016, OCE is growing fast, but still small compared to the companion fields of cell mechanics research methods, and medical elastography. In this review, we describe the early developments in OCE, and the factors that led to the current acceleration. Much of our attention is on the key recent advances, with a strong emphasis on future prospects, which are exceptionally bright.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V Larin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd., Houston, Texas 77204-5060, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;
| | - David D Sampson
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation & Analysis, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
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Grasland-Mongrain P, Lu Y, Lesage F, Catheline S, Cloutier G. Generation of Shear Waves by Laser in Soft Media in the Ablative and Thermoelastic Regimes. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2016; 109:2219011-2219015. [PMID: 28090117 PMCID: PMC5226822 DOI: 10.1063/1.4968538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the generation of elastic shear waves in a soft medium using a laser beam. Our experiments show two different regimes depending on laser energy. Physical modeling of the underlying phenomena reveals a thermoelastic regime caused by a local dilatation resulting from temperature increase, and an ablative regime caused by a partial vaporization of the medium by the laser. Computed theoretical displacements are close to experimental measurements. A numerical study based on the physical modeling gives propagation patterns comparable to those generated experimentally. These results provide a physical basis for the feasibility of a shear wave elastography technique (a technique which measures a soft solid stiffness from shear wave propagation) by using a laser beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pol Grasland-Mongrain
- Laboratory of Biorheology and Medical Ultrasonics, Montreal Hospital Research Center, Montreal (QC), H1X0A9, Canada
| | - Yuankang Lu
- Laboratory of Biorheology and Medical Ultrasonics, Montreal Hospital Research Center, Montreal (QC), H1X0A9, Canada; Departement of Electrical Engineering, École Polytechnique of Montreal, Montreal (QC), H3C3A7, Canada
| | - Frederic Lesage
- Departement of Electrical Engineering, École Polytechnique of Montreal, Montreal (QC), H3C3A7, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, École Polytechnique and University of Montreal, Montreal (QC), H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Stefan Catheline
- Laboratory of Therapeutic Applications of Ultrasound, Inserm u1032, Inserm, Lyon, F-69003, France
| | - Guy Cloutier
- Laboratory of Biorheology and Medical Ultrasonics, Montreal Hospital Research Center, Montreal (QC), H1X0A9, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, École Polytechnique and University of Montreal, Montreal (QC), H3T1J4, Canada; Departement of Radiology, Radio-oncology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal (QC), H3C3J7, Canada
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Zhan Y, Liu C, Zhang F, Qiu Z. Experimental study and finite element analysis based on equivalent load method for laser ultrasonic measurement of elastic constants. ULTRASONICS 2016; 69:243-247. [PMID: 27079489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The laser ultrasonic generation of Rayleigh surface wave and longitudinal wave in an elastic plate is studied by experiment and finite element method. In order to eliminate the measurement error and the time delay of the experimental system, the linear fitting method of experimental data is applied. The finite element analysis software ABAQUS is used to simulate the propagation of Rayleigh surface wave and longitudinal wave caused by laser excitation on a sheet metal sample surface. The equivalent load method is proposed and applied. The pulsed laser is equivalent to the surface load in time and space domain to meet the Gaussian profile. The relationship between the physical parameters of the laser and the load is established by the correction factor. The numerical solution is in good agreement with the experimental result. The simple and effective numerical and experimental methods for laser ultrasonic measurement of the elastic constants are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhan
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Changsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Fengpeng Zhang
- College of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Zhaoguo Qiu
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
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36
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Huang PC, Pande P, Ahmad A, Marjanovic M, Spillman DR, Odintsov B, Boppart SA. Magnetomotive Optical Coherence Elastography for Magnetic Hyperthermia Dosimetry Based on Dynamic Tissue Biomechanics. IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY 2016; 22:6802816. [PMID: 28163565 PMCID: PMC5289667 DOI: 10.1109/jstqe.2015.2505147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been used in many diagnostic and therapeutic biomedical applications over the past few decades to enhance imaging contrast, steer drugs to targets, and treat tumors via hyperthermia. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an optical biomedical imaging modality that relies on the detection of backscattered light to generate high-resolution cross-sectional images of biological tissue. MNPs have been utilized as imaging contrast and perturbative mechanical agents in OCT in techniques called magnetomotive OCT (MM-OCT) and magnetomotive elastography (MM-OCE), respectively. MNPs have also been independently used for magnetic hyperthermia treatments, enabling therapeutic functions such as killing tumor cells. It is well known that the localized tissue heating during hyperthermia treatments result in a change in the biomechanical properties of the tissue. Therefore, we propose a novel dosimetric technique for hyperthermia treatment based on the viscoelasticity change detected by MM-OCE, further enabling the theranostic function of MNPs. In this paper, we first review the basic principles and applications of MM-OCT, MM-OCE, and magnetic hyperthermia, and present new preliminary results supporting the concept of MM-OCE-based hyperthermia dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Chieh Huang
- Biophotonics Imaging Laboratory, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, and the Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA ( )
| | - Paritosh Pande
- Biophotonics Imaging Laboratory and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA ( )
| | - Adeel Ahmad
- Biophotonics Imaging Laboratory and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA ( )
| | - Marina Marjanovic
- Biophotonics Imaging Laboratory, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, and the Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA ( )
| | - Darold R Spillman
- Biophotonics Imaging Laboratory and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA ( )
| | - Boris Odintsov
- Biophotonics Imaging Laboratory and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA ( )
| | - Stephen A Boppart
- Biophotonics Imaging Laboratory, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, and the Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Bioengineering, and Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA (phone: 217-333-8598; fax: 217-333-5833; )
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Application of Elastography for the Noninvasive Assessment of Biomechanics in Engineered Biomaterials and Tissues. Ann Biomed Eng 2016; 44:705-24. [PMID: 26790865 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1542-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The elastic properties of engineered biomaterials and tissues impact their post-implantation repair potential and structural integrity, and are critical to help regulate cell fate and gene expression. The measurement of properties (e.g., stiffness or shear modulus) can be attained using elastography, which exploits noninvasive imaging modalities to provide functional information of a material indicative of the regeneration state. In this review, we outline the current leading elastography methodologies available to characterize the properties of biomaterials and tissues suitable for repair and mechanobiology research. We describe methods utilizing magnetic resonance, ultrasound, and optical coherent elastography, highlighting their potential for longitudinal monitoring of implanted materials in vivo, in addition to spatiotemporal limits of each method for probing changes in cell-laden constructs. Micro-elastography methods now allow acquisitions at length scales approaching 5-100 μm in two and three dimensions. Many of the methods introduced in this review are therefore capable of longitudinal monitoring in biomaterials and tissues approaching the cellular scale. However, critical factors such as anisotropy, heterogeneity and viscoelasity-inherent in many soft tissues-are often not fully described and therefore require further advancements and future developments.
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Han Z, Li J, Singh M, Wu C, Liu CH, Wang S, Idugboe R, Raghunathan R, Sudheendran N, Aglyamov SR, Twa MD, Larin KV. Quantitative methods for reconstructing tissue biomechanical properties in optical coherence elastography: a comparison study. Phys Med Biol 2015; 60:3531-47. [PMID: 25860076 PMCID: PMC4409577 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/9/3531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a systematic analysis of the accuracy of five different methods for extracting the biomechanical properties of soft samples using optical coherence elastography (OCE). OCE is an emerging noninvasive technique, which allows assessment of biomechanical properties of tissues with micrometer spatial resolution. However, in order to accurately extract biomechanical properties from OCE measurements, application of a proper mechanical model is required. In this study, we utilize tissue-mimicking phantoms with controlled elastic properties and investigate the feasibilities of four available methods for reconstructing elasticity (Young's modulus) based on OCE measurements of an air-pulse induced elastic wave. The approaches are based on the shear wave equation (SWE), the surface wave equation (SuWE), Rayleigh-Lamb frequency equation (RLFE), and finite element method (FEM), Elasticity values were compared with uniaxial mechanical testing. The results show that the RLFE and the FEM are more robust in quantitatively assessing elasticity than the other simplified models. This study provides a foundation and reference for reconstructing the biomechanical properties of tissues from OCE data, which is important for the further development of noninvasive elastography methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolong Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Jiasong Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Manmohan Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Chen Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Chih-hao Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Shang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rita Idugboe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Raksha Raghunathan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Narendran Sudheendran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Salavat R. Aglyamov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Michael D. Twa
- School of Optometry, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Kirill V. Larin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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39
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Wang S, Larin KV. Optical coherence elastography for tissue characterization: a review. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2015; 8:279-302. [PMID: 25412100 PMCID: PMC4410708 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201400108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence elastography (OCE) represents the frontier of optical elasticity imaging techniques and focuses on the micro-scale assessment of tissue biomechanics in 3D that is hard to achieve with traditional elastographic methods. Benefit from the advancement of optical coherence tomography, and driven by the increasing requirements in nondestructive biomechanical characterization, this emerging technique recently has experienced a rapid development. In this paper, we start with the description of the mechanical contrast that has been employed by OCE and review the state-of-the-art techniques based on the reported applications and discuss the current technical challenges, emphasizing the unique role of OCE in tissue mechanical characterization. The position of OCE among other elastography techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd., Houston, Texas, 77204-5060, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of medicine, one Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
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40
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Li C, Guan G, Zhang F, Song S, Wang RK, Huang Z, Nabi G. Quantitative elasticity measurement of urinary bladder wall using laser-induced surface acoustic waves. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:4313-28. [PMID: 25574440 PMCID: PMC4285607 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.004313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of urinary bladder elasticity is essential to its functions, including the storage and voiding phases of the micturition cycle. The bladder stiffness can be changed by various pathophysiological conditions. Quantitative measurement of bladder elasticity is an essential step toward understanding various urinary bladder disease processes and improving patient care. As a nondestructive, and noncontact method, laser-induced surface acoustic waves (SAWs) can accurately characterize the elastic properties of different layers of organs such as the urinary bladder. This initial investigation evaluates the feasibility of a noncontact, all-optical method of generating and measuring the elasticity of the urinary bladder. Quantitative elasticity measurements of ex vivo porcine urinary bladder were made using the laser-induced SAW technique. A pulsed laser was used to excite SAWs that propagated on the bladder wall surface. A dedicated phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PhS-OCT) system remotely recorded the SAWs, from which the elasticity properties of different layers of the bladder were estimated. During the experiments, series of measurements were performed under five precisely controlled bladder volumes using water to estimate changes in the elasticity in relation to various urinary bladder contents. The results, validated by optical coherence elastography, show that the laser-induced SAW technique combined with PhS-OCT can be a feasible method of quantitative estimation of biomechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Li
- Division of Imaging Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland,
UK
| | - Guangying Guan
- School of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland,
UK
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA 98195,
USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland,
UK
| | - Shaozhen Song
- School of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland,
UK
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA 98195,
USA
| | - Ruikang K. Wang
- School of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland,
UK
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA 98195,
USA
| | - Zhihong Huang
- School of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland,
UK
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Division of Imaging Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland,
UK
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Wang S, Larin KV. Noncontact depth-resolved micro-scale optical coherence elastography of the cornea. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:3807-21. [PMID: 25426312 PMCID: PMC4242019 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.003807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution elastographic assessment of the cornea can greatly assist clinical diagnosis and treatment of various ocular diseases. Here, we report on the first noncontact depth-resolved micro-scale optical coherence elastography of the cornea achieved using shear wave imaging optical coherence tomography (SWI-OCT) combined with the spectral analysis of the corneal Lamb wave propagation. This imaging method relies on a focused air-puff device to load the cornea with highly-localized low-pressure short-duration air stream and applies phase-resolved OCT detection to capture the low-amplitude deformation with nano-scale sensitivity. The SWI-OCT system is used here to image the corneal Lamb wave propagation with the frame rate the same as the OCT A-line acquisition speed. Based on the spectral analysis of the corneal temporal deformation profiles, the phase velocity of the Lamb wave is obtained at different depths for the major frequency components, which shows the depthwise distribution of the corneal stiffness related to its structural features. Our pilot experiments on ex vivo rabbit eyes demonstrate the feasibility of this method in depth-resolved micro-scale elastography of the cornea. The assessment of the Lamb wave dispersion is also presented, suggesting the potential for the quantitative measurement of corneal viscoelasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd., Houston, Texas 77204-5060,
USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030,
USA
| | - Kirill V. Larin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd., Houston, Texas 77204-5060,
USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030,
USA
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42
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Wang S, Lopez AL, Morikawa Y, Tao G, Li J, Larina IV, Martin JF, Larin KV. Noncontact quantitative biomechanical characterization of cardiac muscle using shear wave imaging optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:1980-92. [PMID: 25071943 PMCID: PMC4102343 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.001980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We report on a quantitative optical elastographic method based on shear wave imaging optical coherence tomography (SWI-OCT) for biomechanical characterization of cardiac muscle through noncontact elasticity measurement. The SWI-OCT system employs a focused air-puff device for localized loading of the cardiac muscle and utilizes phase-sensitive OCT to monitor the induced tissue deformation. Phase information from the optical interferometry is used to reconstruct 2-D depth-resolved shear wave propagation inside the muscle tissue. Cross-correlation of the displacement profiles at various spatial locations in the propagation direction is applied to measure the group velocity of the shear waves, based on which the Young's modulus of tissue is quantified. The quantitative feature and measurement accuracy of this method is demonstrated from the experiments on tissue-mimicking phantoms with the verification using uniaxial compression test. The experiments are performed on ex vivo cardiac muscle tissue from mice with normal and genetically altered myocardium. Our results indicate this optical elastographic technique is useful as a noncontact tool to assist the cardiac muscle studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd., Houston, Texas 77204-5060, USA
| | - Andrew L. Lopez
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Texas, USA
| | - Yuka Morikawa
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Texas, USA
| | - Ge Tao
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Texas, USA
| | - Jiasong Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd., Houston, Texas 77204-5060, USA
| | - Irina V. Larina
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Texas, USA
| | - James F. Martin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Texas, USA
- Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Kirill V. Larin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd., Houston, Texas 77204-5060, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Texas, USA
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Li C, Guan G, Zhang F, Nabi G, Wang RK, Huang Z. Laser induced surface acoustic wave combined with phase sensitive optical coherence tomography for superficial tissue characterization: a solution for practical application. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:1403-19. [PMID: 24877004 PMCID: PMC4026889 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.001403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical properties are important parameters that can be used to assess the physiologic conditions of biologic tissue. Measurements and mapping of tissue mechanical properties can aid in the diagnosis, characterisation and treatment of diseases. As a non-invasive, non-destructive and non-contact method, laser induced surface acoustic waves (SAWs) have potential to accurately characterise tissue elastic properties. However, challenge still exists when the laser is directly applied to the tissue because of potential heat generation due to laser energy deposition. This paper focuses on the thermal effect of the laser induced SAW on the tissue target and provides an alternate solution to facilitate its application in clinic environment. The solution proposed is to apply a thin agar membrane as surface shield to protect the tissue. Transient thermal analysis is developed and verified by experiments to study the effects of the high energy Nd:YAG laser pulse on the surface shield. The approach is then verified by measuring the mechanical property of skin in a Thiel mouse model. The results demonstrate a useful step toward the practical application of laser induced SAW method for measuring real elasticity of normal and diseased tissues in dermatology and other surface epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Li
- Division of Imaging Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Guangying Guan
- School of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK ; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Division of Imaging Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Ruikang K Wang
- School of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK ; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Zhihong Huang
- School of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK
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44
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Moilanen P, Zhao Z, Karppinen P, Karppinen T, Kilappa V, Pirhonen J, Myllylä R, Haeggström E, Timonen J. Photo-acoustic excitation and optical detection of fundamental flexural guided wave in coated bone phantoms. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2014; 40:521-31. [PMID: 24361218 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Photo-acoustic (PA) imaging was combined with skeletal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) for assessment of human long bones. This approach permitted low-frequency excitation and detection of ultrasound so as to efficiently receive the thickness-sensitive fundamental flexural guided wave (FFGW) through a coating of soft tissue. The method was tested on seven axisymmetric bone phantoms, whose 1- to 5-mm wall thickness and 16-mm diameter mimicked those of the human radius. Phantoms were made of a composite material and coated with a 2.5- to 7.5-mm layer of soft material that mimicked soft tissue. Ultrasound was excited with a pulsed Nd:YAG laser at 1064-nm wavelength and received on the same side of the coated phantom with a heterodyne interferometer. The FFGW was detected at 30-kHz frequency. Fitting the FFGW phase velocity by the FLC(1,1) tube mode provided an accurate (9.5 ± 4.0%) wall thickness estimate. Ultrasonic in vivo characterization of cortical bone thickness may thus become possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petro Moilanen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Zuomin Zhao
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland; Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pasi Karppinen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Karppinen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vantte Kilappa
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jalmari Pirhonen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Risto Myllylä
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Jussi Timonen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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45
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Wang S, Larin KV. Shear wave imaging optical coherence tomography (SWI-OCT) for ocular tissue biomechanics. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:41-4. [PMID: 24365817 PMCID: PMC4057602 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.000041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We report on a noncontact low-coherence optical phase-based imaging method, termed shear wave imaging optical coherence tomography (SWI-OCT), which enables 2D depth-resolved visualization of the low-amplitude elastic wave propagation in tissue with ultrahigh frame rate. SWI-OCT is based on 1D transverse scanning of the M-mode OCT imaging that is precisely synchronized with a low-pressure short-duration air-puff loading system. This approach of scanning and data recording allows visualization of the induced tissue deformation at high frame rate. The applied phase-resolved interferometric technique, with sensitivity on the nanometer scale, makes the low-amplitude tissue displacement detectable. For the demonstration of this method, and to study its application for tissue biomechanics, we performed pilot experiments on agar phantoms and ex vivo rabbit corneas. Samples with different elastic properties can be differentiated based on the velocity of the elastic wave propagation that is directly visualized with a 25 kHz frame rate. Our results indicate that SWI-OCT has the potential to be further developed as a major technique for depth-resolved high-resolution tissue elastography in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd., Houston, Texas 77204-5060, USA
| | - Kirill V. Larin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd., Houston, Texas 77204-5060, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Corresponding author:
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46
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Li J, Wang S, Manapuram RK, Singh M, Menodiado FM, Aglyamov S, Emelianov S, Twa MD, Larin KV. Dynamic optical coherence tomography measurements of elastic wave propagation in tissue-mimicking phantoms and mouse cornea in vivo. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2013; 18:121503. [PMID: 24089292 PMCID: PMC3788653 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.18.12.121503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the use of phase-stabilized swept-source optical coherence tomography to assess the propagation of low-amplitude (micron-level) waves induced by a focused air-pulse system in tissue-mimicking phantoms, a contact lens, a silicone eye model, and the mouse cornea in vivo. The results show that the wave velocity can be quantified from the analysis of wave propagation, thereby enabling the estimation of the sample elasticity using the model of surface wave propagation for the tissue-mimicking phantoms. This noninvasive, noncontact measurement technique involves low-force methods of tissue excitation that can be potentially used to assess the biomechanical properties of ocular and other delicate tissues in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasong Li
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77004
| | - Shang Wang
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77004
| | - Ravi Kiran Manapuram
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 107 W. Dean Keeton Street Stop C0800, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Manmohan Singh
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77004
| | - Floredes M. Menodiado
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77004
| | - Salavat Aglyamov
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 107 W. Dean Keeton Street Stop C0800, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Stanislav Emelianov
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 107 W. Dean Keeton Street Stop C0800, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Michael D. Twa
- University of Houston, College of Optometry, 505 J. Davis Armistead Building, Houston, Texas 77204-2020
| | - Kirill V. Larin
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77004
- University of Houston, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77004
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030
- Address all correspondence to: Kirill V. Larin, University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77004. Tel: (832)842-8834; Fax: (713)743-0226; E-mail:
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47
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Wang S, Aglyamov S, Karpiouk A, Li J, Emelianov S, Manns F, Larin KV. Assessing the mechanical properties of tissue-mimicking phantoms at different depths as an approach to measure biomechanical gradient of crystalline lens. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 4:2769-80. [PMID: 24409379 PMCID: PMC3862146 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.002769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the feasibility of using the dominant frequency of the sample surface response to a mechanical stimulation as an effective indicator for sensing the depthwise distribution of elastic properties in transparent layered phantom samples simulating the cortex and nucleus of the crystalline lens. Focused ultrasound waves are used to noninvasively interrogate the sample surface. A phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography system is utilized to capture the surface dynamics over time with nanometer scale sensitivity. Spectral analysis is performed on the sample surface response to ultrasound stimulation and the dominant frequency is calculated under particular loading parameters. Pilot experiments were conducted on homogeneous and layered tissue-mimicking phantoms. Results indicate that the mechanical layers located at different depths introduce different frequencies to the sample surface response, which are correlated with the depth-dependent elasticity of the sample. The duration and the frequency of the ultrasound excitation are also investigated for their influences on this spectrum-based detection. This noninvasive method may be potentially applied for localized and rapid assessment of the depth dependence of the mechanical properties of the crystalline lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Salavat Aglyamov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton Street, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Andrei Karpiouk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton Street, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Jiasong Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Stanislav Emelianov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton Street, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Fabrice Manns
- Ophthalmic Biophysics Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1638 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
- Biomedical Optics and Laser Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami College of Engineering, 1251 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, USA
| | - Kirill V. Larin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77584, USA
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48
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Li C, Song S, Guan G, Wang RK, Huang Z. Frequency dependence of laser ultrasonic SAW phase velocities measurements. ULTRASONICS 2013; 53:191-195. [PMID: 22749523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the field of laser ultrasonics have opened up new possibilities in applications in many areas. This paper verifies the relationship between phase velocities of different materials, including hard solid and soft solid, and the frequency range of SAW signal. We propose a novel approach that utilizes a low coherence interferometer to detect the laser-induced surface acoustic waves (SAWs). A Nd:YAG focused laser line-source is applied to steel, iron, plastic plates and a 3.5% agar-agar phantom. The generated SAW signals are detected by a time domain low coherence interferometry system. SAW phase velocity dispersion curves were calculated, from which the elasticity of the specimens was evaluated. The relationship between frequency content and phase velocities was analyzed. We show that the experimental results agreed well with those of the theoretical expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Li
- School of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK
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49
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Wang S, Li J, Manapuram RK, Menodiado FM, Ingram DR, Twa MD, Lazar AJ, Lev DC, Pollock RE, Larin KV. Noncontact measurement of elasticity for the detection of soft-tissue tumors using phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography combined with a focused air-puff system. OPTICS LETTERS 2012; 37:5184-6. [PMID: 23258046 PMCID: PMC4589295 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.005184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We report on an optical noncontact method for the detection of soft-tissue tumors based on the measurement of their elasticity. A focused air-puff system is used to excite surface waves (SWs) on soft tissues with transient static pressure. A high-speed phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography system is used to measure the SWs as they propagate from the point of excitation. To evaluate the stiffness of soft tissues, the Young's modulus is quantified based on the group velocity of SWs. Pilot experiments were performed on ex vivo human myxoma and normal fat. Results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method to measure elasticity and differentiate soft-tissue tumors from normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd., Houston, Texas 77204-5060, USA
| | - Jiasong Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd., Houston, Texas 77204-5060, USA
| | - Ravi Kiran Manapuram
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, N207 Engineering Building 1, Houston, Texas 77204-4006, USA
| | - Floredes M. Menodiado
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd., Houston, Texas 77204-5060, USA
| | - Davis R. Ingram
- Sarcoma Research Center, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Michael D. Twa
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, 505 J. Davis Armistead Bldg., Texas 77204-2020, USA
| | - Alexander J. Lazar
- Sarcoma Research Center, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Dina C. Lev
- Sarcoma Research Center, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Raphael E. Pollock
- Sarcoma Research Center, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Kirill V. Larin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd., Houston, Texas 77204-5060, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, N207 Engineering Building 1, Houston, Texas 77204-4006, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Corresponding author:
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50
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Kennedy BF, Wojtkowski M, Szkulmowski M, Kennedy KM, Karnowski K, Sampson DD. Improved measurement of vibration amplitude in dynamic optical coherence elastography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 3:3138-52. [PMID: 23243565 PMCID: PMC3521292 DOI: 10.1364/boe.3.003138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence elastography employs optical coherence tomography (OCT) to measure the displacement of tissues under load and, thus, maps the resulting strain into an image, known as an elastogram. We present a new improved method to measure vibration amplitude in dynamic optical coherence elastography. The tissue vibration amplitude caused by sinusoidal loading is measured from the spread of the Doppler spectrum, which is extracted using joint spectral and time domain signal processing. At low OCT signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the method provides more accurate vibration amplitude measurements than the currently used phase-sensitive method. For measurements performed on a mirror at OCT SNR = 5 dB, our method introduces <3% error, compared to >20% using the phase-sensitive method. We present elastograms of a tissue-mimicking phantom and excised porcine tissue that demonstrate improvements, including a 50% increase in the depth range of reliable vibration amplitude measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan F. Kennedy
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Maciej Wojtkowski
- Institute of Physics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Grudziadzka 5, PL87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Maciej Szkulmowski
- Institute of Physics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Grudziadzka 5, PL87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Kelsey M. Kennedy
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Karol Karnowski
- Institute of Physics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Grudziadzka 5, PL87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - David D. Sampson
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
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