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Saison-Francioso O, Lévêque G, Akjouj A, Pennec Y. Theoretical Study of Gold Nanoparticles Randomly Dispersed on a Dielectric/Gold Substrate. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:21493-21505. [PMID: 37360435 PMCID: PMC10286086 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically study random arrangements of cylindrical gold nanoparticles (NPs) deposited on a dielectric/gold substrate. We use two methods, namely the Finite Element Method (FEM) and the Coupled Dipole Approximation (CDA) method. The FEM is increasingly used to analyze the optical properties of NPs, but calculations for arrangements containing a large number of NPs have a high computational cost. On the contrary, the CDA has the advantage to drastically reduce the computation time and the memory demand compared to the FEM. Nevertheless, as the CDA involves modeling each NP as a single electric dipole through the polarizability tensor of a spheroidal-shaped NP, it may be an insufficiently accurate method. Therefore, the main purpose of this article is to verify the validity of using the CDA in order to analyze such a kind of nanosystems. Finally, we capitalize on this methodology to draw some tendencies between statistics of NPs' distributions and the plasmonic properties.
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Abstract
Optimization of pump-probe signal requires a complete understanding of how signal scales with experimental factors. In simple systems, signal scales quadratically with molar absorptivity, and linearly with fluence, concentration, and path length. In practice, scaling factors weaken beyond certain thresholds (e.g., OD > 0.1) due to asymptotic limits related to optical density, fluence and path length. While computational models can accurately account for subdued scaling, quantitative explanations often appear quite technical in the literature. This Perspective aims to present a simpler understanding of the subject with concise formulas for estimating absolute magnitudes of signal under both ordinary and asymptotic scaling conditions. This formulation may be more appealing for spectroscopists seeking rough estimates of signal or relative comparisons. We identify scaling dependencies of signal with respect to experimental parameters and discuss applications for improving signal under broad conditions. We also review other signal enhancement methods, such as local-oscillator attenuation and plasmonic enhancement, and discuss respective benefits and challenges regarding asymptotic limits that signal cannot exceed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Robben
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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3
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Choi B, Jeong G, Shin HH, Kim ZH. Molecular vibrational imaging at nanoscale. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:160902. [PMID: 35490022 DOI: 10.1063/5.0082747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand to visualize the spatial distribution of chemical species based on vibrational spectra is rapidly increasing. Driven by such a need, various Raman and infrared spectro-microscopies with a nanometric spatial resolution have been developed over the last two decades. Despite rapid progress, a large gap still exists between the general needs and what these techniques can achieve. This Perspective highlights the key challenges and recent breakthroughs of the two vibrational nano-imaging techniques, scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy and tip-enhanced Raman scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boogeon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Gyouil Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Hang Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Zee Hwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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4
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Cohn B, Das K, Basu A, Chuntonov L. Infrared Open Cavities for Strong Vibrational Coupling. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:7060-7066. [PMID: 34291931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arrays of subwavelength plasmonic nanoparticles exhibiting narrowband lattice resonances are referred to as open cavities because of their ability to strongly couple with electronic excitations in molecular chromophores. However, realization of these ideas in the mid-infrared spectral region has been limited. We demonstrated a dramatic reduction in the bandwidth of lattice resonances in large-area arrays of half-wavelength mid-infrared antennas, reaching resonance quality factors above 200. By tuning the wavelength of the antenna-lattice resonances (ALR) to match the transition frequency of the molecular vibrational modes, we achieved a strong coupling between the ALR and the carbonyl stretching excitation in a thin film of (poly)methyl methacrylate (PMMA) polymer deposited on the array. Splitting of the polaritonic transitions, reduction of their bandwidth below that of the bare molecular transition, and characteristic dispersion confirmed the strong coupling regime. Our results pave the way for exciting research on the many-body correlated dynamics of vibrational polaritons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bar Cohn
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Solid State Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Kamalika Das
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Solid State Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Arghyadeep Basu
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Solid State Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Lev Chuntonov
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Solid State Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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5
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Briones E. Collective input impedance of micro-antenna based infrared detectors. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:5819-5832. [PMID: 33726114 DOI: 10.1364/oe.414230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this article, the author leverages the concept of "input impedance" to determine in a proper manner the collective resonances of infrared devices based on square arrays of micro-dipoles, commonly obtained by the scattered field of devices under illumination. With the aid of finite-element simulations, the resistive and capacitive nature of the odd and even resonant modes of individual micro-dipoles is first unveiled. Subsequently, the micro-dipoles are incorporated into an array with lattice parameters (ax, ay), and the dependence of the emerging collective odd and even resonant modes, on the transverse and longitudinal dipolar interaction, is evaluated. The opposite wavelength shift of these modes is unveiled and the physical mechanisms behind their behavior are discussed. By analyzing the absorbance spectra of the micro-antenna arrays, the equivalence of optical resonances counterpart, in the short and open-circuit configurations, with the odd and even modes is presented. Finally, the effect on the array's performance that results from introducing highly resistive nano-bolometers is optimized by exploiting the natural high-resistance of the collective even modes.
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6
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Zhang K, Lawson AP, Ellis CT, Davis MS, Murphy TE, Bechtel HA, Tischler JG, Rabin O. Plasmonic nanoarcs: a versatile platform with tunable localized surface plasmon resonances in octave intervals. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:30889-30907. [PMID: 33115080 DOI: 10.1364/oe.403728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The tunability of the longitudinal localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) of metallic nanoarcs is demonstrated with key relationships identified between geometric parameters of the arcs and their resonances in the infrared. The wavelength of the LSPRs is tuned by the mid-arc length of the nanoarc. The ratio between the attenuation of the fundamental and second order LSPRs is governed by the nanoarc central angle. Beneficial for plasmonic enhancement of harmonic generation, these two resonances can be tuned independently to obtain octave intervals through the design of a non-uniform arc-width profile. Because the character of the fundamental LSPR mode in nanoarcs combines an electric and a magnetic dipole, plasmonic nanoarcs with tunable resonances can serve as versatile building blocks for chiroptical and nonlinear optical devices.
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7
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Chuntonov L, Rubtsov IV. Surface-enhanced ultrafast two-dimensional vibrational spectroscopy with engineered plasmonic nano-antennas. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:050902. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0013956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lev Chuntonov
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Solid State Institute, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Igor V. Rubtsov
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
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8
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Giordano MC, Tzschoppe M, Barelli M, Vogt J, Huck C, Canepa F, Pucci A, Buatier de Mongeot F. Self-Organized Nanorod Arrays for Large-Area Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:11155-11162. [PMID: 32049480 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Capabilities of highly sensitive surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy are demonstrated by exploiting large-area templates (cm2) based on self-organized (SO) nanorod antennas. We engineered highly dense arrays of gold nanorod antennas featuring polarization-sensitive localized plasmon resonances, tunable over a broadband near- and mid-infrared (IR) spectrum, in overlap with the so-called "functional group" window. We demonstrate polarization-sensitive SEIRA activity, homogeneous over macroscopic areas and stable in time, by exploiting prototype self-assembled monolayers of IR-active octadecanthiol (ODT) molecules. The strong coupling between the plasmonic excitation and molecular stretching modes gives rise to characteristic Fano resonances in SEIRA. The SO engineering of the active hotspots in the arrays allows us to achieve signal amplitude improved up to 5.7%. This figure is competitive to the response of lithographic nanoantennas and is stable when the optical excitation spot varies from the micro- to macroscale, thus enabling highly sensitive SEIRA spectroscopy with cost-effective nanosensor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Giordano
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - M Tzschoppe
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Barelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - J Vogt
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Huck
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Canepa
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - A Pucci
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Buatier de Mongeot
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
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Li Z, Zhang Z, Chen K. Indium⁻Tin⁻Oxide Nanostructures for Plasmon-Enhanced Infrared Spectroscopy: A Numerical Study. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10040241. [PMID: 30979000 PMCID: PMC6523928 DOI: 10.3390/mi10040241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanoantennas can significantly enhance the light–matter interactions at the nanoscale, and as a result have been used in a variety of applications such as sensing molecular vibrations in the infrared range. Indium–tin–oxide (ITO) shows metallic behavior in the infrared range, and can be used for alternative plasmonic materials. In this work, we numerically studied the optical properties of hexagonal ITO nanodisk and nanohole arrays in the mid-infrared. Field enhancement up to 10 times is observed in the simulated ITO nanostructures. Furthermore, we demonstrated the sensing of the surface phonon polariton from a 2-nm thick SiO2 layer under the ITO disk arrays. Such periodic arrays can be readily fabricated by colloidal lithography and dry etching techniques; thus, the results shown here can help design efficient ITO nanostructures for plasmonic infrared applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangbo Li
- Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
| | - Zhiliang Zhang
- Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
| | - Kai Chen
- Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
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10
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Sarychev AK, Ivanov A, Lagarkov A, Barbillon G. Light Concentration by Metal-Dielectric Micro-Resonators for SERS Sensing. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 12:E103. [PMID: 30598001 PMCID: PMC6337457 DOI: 10.3390/ma12010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Metal-dielectric micro/nano-composites have surface plasmon resonances in visible and near-infrared domains. Excitation of coupled metal-dielectric resonances is also important. These different resonances can allow enhancement of the electromagnetic field at a subwavelength scale. Hybrid plasmonic structures act as optical antennae by concentrating large electromagnetic energy in micro- and nano-scales. Plasmonic structures are proposed for various applications such as optical filters, investigation of quantum electrodynamics effects, solar energy concentration, magnetic recording, nanolasing, medical imaging and biodetection, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and optical super-resolution microscopy. We present the review of recent achievements in experimental and theoretical studies of metal-dielectric micro and nano antennae that are important for fundamental and applied research. The main impact is application of metal-dielectric optical antennae for the efficient SERS sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey K Sarychev
- Institute for Theoretical and Applied Electrodynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125412 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Andrey Ivanov
- Institute for Theoretical and Applied Electrodynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125412 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Andrey Lagarkov
- Institute for Theoretical and Applied Electrodynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125412 Moscow, Russia.
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11
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Chen C, Mohr DA, Choi HK, Yoo D, Li M, Oh SH. Waveguide-Integrated Compact Plasmonic Resonators for On-Chip Mid-Infrared Laser Spectroscopy. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:7601-7608. [PMID: 30216715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The integration of nanoplasmonic devices with a silicon photonic platform affords a new approach for efficient light delivery by combining the high field enhancement of plasmonics and the ultralow propagation loss of dielectric waveguides. Such a hybrid integration obviates the need for a bulky free-space optics setup and can lead to fully integrated, on-chip optical sensing systems. Here, we demonstrate ultracompact plasmonic resonators directly patterned atop a silicon waveguide for mid-infrared spectroscopic chemical sensing. The footprint of the plasmonic nanorod resonators is as small as 2 μm2, yet they can couple with the mid-infrared waveguide mode efficiently. The plasmonic resonance is directly measured through the transmission spectrum of the waveguide with a coupling efficiency greater than 70% and a field intensity enhancement factor of over 3600 relative to the evanescent waveguide field intensity. Using this hybrid device and a tunable mid-infrared laser source, surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy of both a thin poly(methyl methacrylate) film and an octadecanethiol monolayer is successfully demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Daniel A Mohr
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Han-Kyu Choi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Daehan Yoo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Mo Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Sang-Hyun Oh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
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12
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Deshpande R, Zenin VA, Ding F, Mortensen NA, Bozhevolnyi SI. Direct Characterization of Near-Field Coupling in Gap Plasmon-Based Metasurfaces. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:6265-6270. [PMID: 30216727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces based on gap surface-plasmon resonators allow one to arbitrarily control the phase, amplitude, and polarization of reflected light with high efficiency. However, the performance of densely packed metasurfaces is reduced, often quite significantly, in comparison with simple analytical predictions. We argue that this reduction is mainly because of the near-field coupling between metasurface elements, which results in response from each element being different from the one anticipated by design simulations, which are commonly conducted for each individual element being placed in an artificial periodic arrangement. In order to study the influence of near-field coupling, we fabricate meta-elements of varying sizes arranged in quasi-periodic arrays so that the immediate environment of same size elements is different for those located in the middle and at the border of the arrays. We study the near-field using a phase-resolved scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) and conducting numerical simulations. By comparing the near-field maps from elements of the same size but different placements we evaluate the near-field coupling strength, which is found to be significant for large and densely packed elements. This technique is quite generic and can be used practically for any metasurface type in order to precisely measure the near-field response from each individual element and identify malfunctioning ones, providing feedback to their design and fabrication, thereby allowing one to improve the efficiency of the whole metasurface.
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13
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Milekhin AG, Kuznetsov SA, Milekhin IA, Sveshnikova LL, Duda TA, Rodyakina EE, Latyshev AV, Dzhagan VM, Zahn DRT. Nanoantenna structures for the detection of phonons in nanocrystals. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 9:2646-2656. [PMID: 30416915 PMCID: PMC6204786 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We report a study of the infrared response by localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) modes in gold micro- and nanoantenna arrays with various morphologies and surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) by optical phonons of semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) deposited on the arrays. The arrays of nano- and microantennas fabricated with nano- and photolithography reveal infrared-active LSPR modes of energy ranging from the mid to far-infrared that allow the IR response from very low concentrations of organic and inorganic materials deposited onto the arrays to be analyzed. The Langmuir-Blodgett technology was used for homogeneous deposition of CdSe, CdS, and PbS NC monolayers on the antenna arrays. The structural parameters of the arrays were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. 3D full-wave electromagnetic simulations of the electromagnetic field distribution around the micro- and nanoantennas were employed to realize the maximal SEIRA enhancement for structural parameters of the arrays whereby the LSPR and the NC optical phonon energies coincide. The SEIRA experiments quantitatively confirmed the computational results. The maximum SEIRA enhancement was observed for linear nanoantennas with optimized structural parameters determined from the electromagnetic simulations. The frequency position of the feature's absorption seen in the SEIRA response evidences that the NC surface and transverse optical phonons are activated in the infrared spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Milekhin
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics RAS, Lavrentiev Ave. 13, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergei A Kuznetsov
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics RAS, Novosibirsk Branch “TDIAM”, Lavrentiev Ave. 2/1, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Ilya A Milekhin
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics RAS, Lavrentiev Ave. 13, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Tatyana A Duda
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina E Rodyakina
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics RAS, Lavrentiev Ave. 13, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander V Latyshev
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics RAS, Lavrentiev Ave. 13, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Volodymyr M Dzhagan
- V. E. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prospekt Nauky 41, 03028 Kyiv, Ukrain
| | - Dietrich R T Zahn
- Semiconductor Physics, Technische Universitaet Chemnitz, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
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14
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Kusa F, Morichika I, Takegami A, Ashihara S. Enhanced ultrafast infrared spectroscopy using coupled nanoantenna arrays. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:12896-12907. [PMID: 28786641 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.012896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced nonlinear vibrational spectroscopy using periodic gold nanoantenna arrays is demonstrated. The dipolar coupling among arrayed nanoantennas is shown to have striking impact on near-field enhancements of femtosecond pulsed-fields and on nonlinear signal enhancements. The condition near the collective-resonance achieves averaged signal enhancement of 850 times and local signal enhancement of 1.8 × 106 times, substantially reducing the required pump energy from micro-joule to nano-joule level. The scheme is useful for characterizing structure and dynamics of minute-volume molecular samples, monolayers, and interfaces, as well as paves the way to nonlinear vibrational spectroscopy with compact light sources of oscillator-level.
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15
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Neubrech F, Huck C, Weber K, Pucci A, Giessen H. Surface-Enhanced Infrared Spectroscopy Using Resonant Nanoantennas. Chem Rev 2017; 117:5110-5145. [PMID: 28358482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Infrared spectroscopy is a powerful tool widely used in research and industry for a label-free and unambiguous identification of molecular species. Inconveniently, its application to spectroscopic analysis of minute amounts of materials, for example, in sensing applications, is hampered by the low infrared absorption cross-sections. Surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy using resonant metal nanoantennas, or short "resonant SEIRA", overcomes this limitation. Resonantly excited, such metal nanostructures feature collective oscillations of electrons (plasmons), providing huge electromagnetic fields on the nanometer scale. Infrared vibrations of molecules located in these fields are enhanced by orders of magnitude enabling a spectroscopic characterization with unprecedented sensitivity. In this Review, we introduce the concept of resonant SEIRA and discuss the underlying physics, particularly, the resonant coupling between molecular and antenna excitations as well as the spatial extent of the enhancement and its scaling with frequency. On the basis of these fundamentals, different routes to maximize the SEIRA enhancement are reviewed including the choice of nanostructures geometries, arrangements, and materials. Furthermore, first applications such as the detection of proteins, the monitoring of dynamic processes, and hyperspectral infrared chemical imaging are discussed, demonstrating the sensitivity and broad applicability of resonant SEIRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Neubrech
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.,Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Christian Huck
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Ksenia Weber
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Annemarie Pucci
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Harald Giessen
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
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16
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Attenuated Total Reflection Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy: a Powerful Technique for Bioanalysis. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-017-0009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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17
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18
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Huck C, Vogt J, Neuman T, Nagao T, Hillenbrand R, Aizpurua J, Pucci A, Neubrech F. Strong coupling between phonon-polaritons and plasmonic nanorods. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:25528-25539. [PMID: 27828491 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.025528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We perform far-field spectroscopy of infrared metal antennas on silicon oxide layers of different thickness, where we find a splitting of the plasmonic resonance. This splitting can result in a transparency window, corresponding to suppression of antenna scattering, respectively "cloaking" of the antenna. Backed up by theory, we show that this effect is caused by strong coupling between the metal antenna plasmons and the surface phonon polaritons in the oxide layer. The effect is a kind of induced transparency in which the strength of the phonon-polariton field plays the crucial role. It represents a further tuning possibility for the optical performance of infrared devices.
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19
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Braun A, Maier SA. Versatile Direct Laser Writing Lithography Technique for Surface Enhanced Infrared Spectroscopy Sensors. ACS Sens 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avi Braun
- Blackett Laboratory, Department
of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Alexander Maier
- Blackett Laboratory, Department
of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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20
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Jubb AM, Jiao Y, Eres G, Retterer ST, Gu B. Elevated gold ellipse nanoantenna dimers as sensitive and tunable surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:5641-8. [PMID: 26893035 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08920d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate large area arrays of elevated gold ellipse dimers with precisely controlled gaps for use as sensitive and highly controllable surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. The enhanced Raman signal observed with SERS arises from both localized and long range plasmonic effects. By controlling the geometry of a SERS substrate, in this case the size and aspect ratio of individual ellipses, the plasmon resonance can be tuned in a broad wavelength range, providing a method for designing the response of SERS substrates at different excitation wavelengths. Plasmon effects exhibited by the elevated gold ellipse dimer substrates are also demonstrated and confirmed through finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations. A plasmon resonance red shift with an increase of the ellipse aspect ratio is observed, allowing systematic control of the resulting SERS signal intensity. Optimized elevated ellipse dimer substrates with 10 ± 2 nm gaps exhibit uniform SERS enhancement factors on the order of 10(9) for adsorbed p-mercaptoaniline molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Jubb
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
| | - Y Jiao
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
| | - G Eres
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA and Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - S T Retterer
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - B Gu
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
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21
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Albella P, Shibanuma T, Maier SA. Switchable directional scattering of electromagnetic radiation with subwavelength asymmetric silicon dimers. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18322. [PMID: 26656864 PMCID: PMC4674758 DOI: 10.1038/srep18322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High refractive index dielectric nanoparticles show high promise as a complementary nanophotonics platform due to compared with plasmonic nanostructures low absorption losses and the co-existence of magnetic and electric resonances. Here we explore their use as resonantly enhanced directional scatterers. We theoretically demonstrate that an asymmetric dimer of silicon nanoparticles shows tuneable directional scattering depending on the frequency of excitation. This is due to the interference between electric and magnetic dipoles excited in each nanoparticle, enabling directional control of the scattered light. Interestingly, this control can be achieved regardless of the polarization direction with respect to the dimer axis; however, difference in the polarization can shift the wavelengths at which the directional scattering is achieved. We also explore the application of such an asymmetric nanoantenna as a tuneable routing element in a nanometer scale, suggesting applications in optical nanocircuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Albella
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | - Stefan A. Maier
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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22
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Kausar ASMZ, Reza AW, Latef TA, Ullah MH, Karim ME. Optical nano antennas: state of the art, scope and challenges as a biosensor along with human exposure to nano-toxicology. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2015; 15:8787-831. [PMID: 25884787 PMCID: PMC4431286 DOI: 10.3390/s150408787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The concept of optical antennas in physical optics is still evolving. Like the antennas used in the radio frequency (RF) regime, the aspiration of optical antennas is to localize the free propagating radiation energy, and vice versa. For this purpose, optical antennas utilize the distinctive properties of metal nanostructures, which are strong plasmonic coupling elements at the optical regime. The concept of optical antennas is being advanced technologically and they are projected to be substitute devices for detection in the millimeter, infrared, and visible regimes. At present, their potential benefits in light detection, which include polarization dependency, tunability, and quick response times have been successfully demonstrated. Optical antennas also can be seen as directionally responsive elements for point detectors. This review provides an overview of the historical background of the topic, along with the basic concepts and parameters of optical antennas. One of the major parts of this review covers the use of optical antennas in biosensing, presenting biosensing applications with a broad description using different types of data. We have also mentioned the basic challenges in the path of the universal use of optical biosensors, where we have also discussed some legal matters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Wasif Reza
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Tarik Abdul Latef
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammad Habib Ullah
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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23
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Shcherbakov MR, Le AT, Dubrovina N, Lupu A, Fedyanin AA. Plasmon ruler with gold nanorod dimers: utilizing the second-order resonance. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:1571-1574. [PMID: 25831387 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.001571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The idea of utilizing the second-order plasmon resonance of gold nanorod π-dimers for plasmon rulers is introduced. We report on a qualitatively different dependence of the plasmon resonance shift on the interparticle distance for the first- and second-order longitudinal modes of the nanorods, extending the working range of plasmon rulers up to the distance values of approximately 400 nm.
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24
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Rakovich A, Albella P, Maier SA. Plasmonic control of radiative properties of semiconductor quantum dots coupled to plasmonic ring cavities. ACS NANO 2015; 9:2648-2658. [PMID: 25602764 DOI: 10.1021/nn506433e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a lot of effort has been made to achieve controlled delivery of target particles to the hotspots of plasmonic nanoantennas, in order to probe and/or exploit the extremely large field enhancements produced by such structures. While in many cases such high fields are advantageous, there are instances where they should be avoided. In this work, we consider the implications of using the standard nanoantenna geometries when colloidal quantum dots are employed as target entities. We show that in this case, and for various reasons, dimer antennas are not the optimum choice. Plasmonic ring cavities are a better option despite low field enhancements, as they allow collective coupling of many quantum dots in a reproducible and predictable manner. In cases where larger field enhancements are required, or for larger quantum dots, nonconcentric ring-disk cavities can be employed instead.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pablo Albella
- EXSS Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Stefan A Maier
- EXSS Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
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25
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Osorio-Román IO, Guerrero AR, Albella P, Aroca RF. Plasmon Enhanced Fluorescence with Aggregated Shell-Isolated Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2014; 86:10246-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ac502424g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor O. Osorio-Román
- Materials
and Surface Science Group, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada, N9B 3P4
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 7820436, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ariel R. Guerrero
- Materials
and Surface Science Group, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada, N9B 3P4
| | - Pablo Albella
- Experimental
Solid State Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ricardo F. Aroca
- Materials
and Surface Science Group, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada, N9B 3P4
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26
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Huck C, Neubrech F, Vogt J, Toma A, Gerbert D, Katzmann J, Härtling T, Pucci A. Surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy using nanometer-sized gaps. ACS NANO 2014; 8:4908-14. [PMID: 24724743 DOI: 10.1021/nn500903v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We report on the near-field coupling of individual gold nanoantennas arranged in tip-to-tip dimer configuration, leading to strong electromagnetic field enhancements in the infrared, which is of great interest for sensing applications such as surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy. We quantitatively evaluated the enhancement of vibrational excitations of a 5 nm thick test layer of 4,4'-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl as a function of different gap sizes. The dimers with the smallest gaps under investigation (∼3 nm) lead to more than 1 order of magnitude higher signal enhancement with respect to gaps of 50 nm width. The comparison of experimental data and finite-difference time-domain simulations reveals a nonperfect filling of the gaps with sizes below 10 nm, which means that morphological information on the nanoscale is obtained additionally to chemical information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Huck
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, University of Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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27
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Rahmani M, Miroshnichenko AE, Lei DY, Luk'yanchuk B, Tribelsky MI, Kuznetsov AI, Kivshar YS, Francescato Y, Giannini V, Hong M, Maier SA. Beyond the hybridization effects in plasmonic nanoclusters: diffraction-induced enhanced absorption and scattering. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:576-583. [PMID: 24000095 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201301419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
It is demonstrated herein both theoretically and experimentally that Young's interference can be observed in plasmonic structures when two or three nanoparticles with separation on the order of the wavelength are illuminated simultaneously by a plane wave. This effect leads to the formation of intermediate-field hybridized modes with a character distinct of those mediated by near-field and/or far-field radiative effects. The physical mechanism for the enhancement of absorption and scattering of light due to plasmonic Young's interference is revealed, which we explain through a redistribution of the Poynting vector field and the formation of near-field subwavelength optical vortices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Rahmani
- Data Storage Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science Technology and Research), DSI Building, 5 Engineering Drive 1, 117608, Singapore; Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117576, Singapore
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28
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Abb M, Wang Y, Papasimakis N, de Groot CH, Muskens OL. Surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy using metal oxide plasmonic antenna arrays. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:346-352. [PMID: 24341902 DOI: 10.1021/nl404115g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We successfully demonstrate surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy using arrays of indium tin oxide (ITO) plasmonic nanoantennas. The ITO antennas show a strongly reduced plasmon wavelength, which holds promise for ultracompact antenna arrays and extremely subwavelength metamaterials. The strong plasmon confinement and reduced antenna cross section allows ITO antennas to be integrated at extremely high densities with no loss in performance due to long-range transverse interactions. By further reducing the spacing of antennas in the arrays, we access the regime of plasmonic near field coupling where the response is enhanced for both Au and ITO devices. Ultracompact ITO antennas with high spatial and spectral selectivity in spectroscopic applications offer a viable new platform for infrared plasmonics, which may be combined with other functionalities of these versatile materials in devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Abb
- Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, ‡Nano Group, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, and §Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton , Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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29
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Pan Z, Guo J. Enhanced optical absorption and electric field resonance in diabolo metal bar optical antennas. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:32491-32500. [PMID: 24514842 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.032491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Resonance behaviors of the fundamental resonance mode of diabolo metal bar optical antennas are investigated by using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) numerical simulations and a dipole oscillator model. It is found that as the waist of the diabolo metal bar optical antenna is reduced, optical energy absorption cross section and near field enhancement at resonance increase significantly. Also reduction of the diabolo waist width causes red-shift of the resonant wavelengths in the spectra of absorption cross-section, scattering cross-section, and the near electric field. A dipole oscillator model including the self-inductance force is used to fit the FDTD numerical simulation results. The dipole oscillator model characterizes well the resonance behaviors of narrow waist diabolo metal bar optical antennas.
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30
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Rahmani M, Yoxall E, Hopkins B, Sonnefraud Y, Kivshar Y, Hong M, Phillips C, Maier SA, Miroshnichenko AE. Plasmonic nanoclusters with rotational symmetry: polarization-invariant far-field response vs changing near-field distribution. ACS NANO 2013; 7:11138-11146. [PMID: 24187975 DOI: 10.1021/nn404869c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Flexible control over the near- and far-field properties of plasmonic nanostructures is important for many potential applications, such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering and biosensing. Generally, any change in the polarization of the incident light leads to a change in the nanoparticle's near-field distribution and, consequently, in its far-field properties as well. Therefore, producing polarization-invariant optical responses in the far field from a changing near field remains a challenging issue. In this paper, we probe experimentally the optical properties of cruciform pentamer structures--as an example of plasmonic oligomers--and demonstrate that they exhibit such behavior due to their symmetric geometrical arrangement. We demonstrate direct control over hot spot positions in sub-20 nm gaps, between disks of 145 nm diameter at a wavelength of 850 nm, by means of scattering scanning near-field optical microscopy. In addition, we employ the coupled dipole approximation method to define a qualitative model revealing the relationship between the near and far field in such structures. The near-field profiles depend on particular mode superpositions excited by the incident field and, thus, are expected to vary with the polarization. Consequently, we prove analytically that the far-field optical properties of pentamers have to be polarization-independent due to their rotational symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Rahmani
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, U.K
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31
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Bezares FJ, Long JP, Glembocki OJ, Guo J, Rendell RW, Kasica R, Shirey L, Owrutsky JC, Caldwell JD. Mie resonance-enhanced light absorption in periodic silicon nanopillar arrays. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:27587-27601. [PMID: 24514277 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.027587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Mie-resonances in vertical, small aspect-ratio and subwavelength silicon nanopillars are investigated using visible bright-field µ-reflection measurements and Raman scattering. Pillar-to-pillar interactions were examined by comparing randomly to periodically arranged arrays with systematic variations in nanopillar diameter and array pitch. First- and second-order Mie resonances are observed in reflectance spectra as pronounced dips with minimum reflectances of several percent, suggesting an alternative approach to fabricating a perfect absorber. The resonant wavelengths shift approximately linearly with nanopillar diameter, which enables a simple empirical description of the resonance condition. In addition, resonances are also significantly affected by array density, with an overall oscillating blue shift as the pitch is reduced. Finite-element method and finite-difference time-domain simulations agree closely with experimental results and provide valuable insight into the nature of the dielectric resonance modes, including a surprisingly small influence of the substrate on resonance wavelength. To probe local fields within the Si nanopillars, µ-Raman scattering measurements were also conducted that confirm enhanced optical fields in the pillars when excited on-resonance.
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32
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Detecting secondary structure and surface orientation of helical peptide monolayers from resonant hybridization signals. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2956. [PMID: 24129763 PMCID: PMC3797430 DOI: 10.1038/srep02956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybridization of dominant vibrational modes with meta-surface resonance allows detection of both structural changes and surface orientations of bound helical peptides. Depending on the resonance frequency of meta-molecules, a red- or blue- shift in peptide Amide-I frequency is observed. The underlying coupling mechanism is described by using a temporal coupled mode theory that is in very good agreement with the experimental results. This hybridization phenomenon constitutes the basis of many nanophotonic systems such as tunable coupled mode bio-sensors and dynamic peptide systems driven by infrared signals.
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33
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Chou LW, Filler MA. Engineering Multimodal Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances in Silicon Nanowires. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201301468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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34
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Chou LW, Filler MA. Engineering Multimodal Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances in Silicon Nanowires. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:8079-83. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201301468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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35
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D'Andrea C, Bochterle J, Toma A, Huck C, Neubrech F, Messina E, Fazio B, Maragò OM, Di Fabrizio E, Lamy de La Chapelle M, Gucciardi PG, Pucci A. Optical nanoantennas for multiband surface-enhanced infrared and Raman spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2013; 7:3522-3531. [PMID: 23530556 DOI: 10.1021/nn4004764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this article we show that linear nanoantennas can be used as shared substrates for surface-enhanced Raman and infrared spectroscopy (SERS and SEIRS, respectively). This is done by engineering the plasmonic properties of the nanoantennas, so to make them resonant in both the visible (transversal resonance) and the infrared (longitudinal resonance), and by rotating the excitation field polarization to selectively take advantage of each resonance and achieve SERS and SEIRS on the same nanoantennas. As a proof of concept, we have fabricated gold nanoantennas by electron beam lithography on calcium difluoride (1-2 μm long, 60 nm wide, 60 nm high) that exhibit a transverse plasmonic resonance in the visible (640 nm) and a particularly strong longitudinal dipolar resonance in the infrared (tunable in the 1280-3100 cm(-1) energy range as a function of the length). SERS and SEIRS detection of methylene blue molecules adsorbed on the nanoantenna's surface is accomplished, with signal enhancement factors of 5×10(2) for SERS (electromagnetic enhancement) and up to 10(5) for SEIRS. Notably, we find that the field enhancement provided by the transverse resonance is sufficient to achieve SERS from single nanoantennas. Furthermore, we show that by properly tuning the nanoantenna length the signals of a multitude of vibrational modes can be enhanced with SEIRS. This simple concept of plasmonic nanosensor is highly suitable for integration on lab-on-a-chip schemes for label-free chemical and biomolecular identification with optimized performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano D'Andrea
- CNR IPCF Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 37, I-98156, Messina, Italy
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36
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Yao Y, Kats MA, Genevet P, Yu N, Song Y, Kong J, Capasso F. Broad electrical tuning of graphene-loaded plasmonic antennas. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:1257-64. [PMID: 23441688 DOI: 10.1021/nl3047943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic antennas enable the conversion of light from free space into subwavelength volumes and vice versa, which facilitates the manipulation of light at the nanoscale. Dynamic control of the properties of antennas is desirable for many applications, including biochemical sensors, reconfigurable meta-surfaces and compact optoelectronic devices. The combination of metallic structures and graphene, which has gate-voltage dependent optical properties, is emerging as a possible platform for electrically controlled plasmonic devices. In this paper, we demonstrate in situ control of antennas using graphene as an electrically tunable load in the nanoscale antenna gap. In our experiments, we demonstrate electrical tuning of graphene-loaded antennas over a broad wavelength range of 650 nm (∼140 cm(-1), ∼10% of the resonance frequency) in the mid-infrared (MIR) region. We propose an equivalent circuit model to quantitatively analyze the tuning behavior of graphene-loaded antenna pairs and derive an analytical expression for the tuning range of resonant wavelength. In a separate experiment, we used doubly resonant antenna arrays to achieve MIR optical intensity modulation with maximum modulation depth of more than 30% and bandwidth of 600 nm (∼100 cm(-1), 8% of the resonance frequency). This study shows that combining graphene with metallic nanostructures provides a route to electrically tunable optical and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yao
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, United States
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37
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Hoang CV, Oyama M, Saito O, Aono M, Nagao T. Monitoring the presence of ionic mercury in environmental water by plasmon-enhanced infrared spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1175. [PMID: 23405272 PMCID: PMC3569543 DOI: 10.1038/srep01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate the ppt-level single-step selective monitoring of the presence of mercury ions (Hg2+) dissolved in environmental water by plasmon-enhanced vibrational spectroscopy. We combined a nanogap-optimized mid-infrared plasmonic structure with mercury-binding DNA aptamers to monitor in-situ the spectral evolution of the vibrational signal of the DNA induced by the mercury binding. Here, we adopted single-stranded thiolated 15-base DNA oligonucleotides that are immobilized on the Au surface and show strong specificity to Hg2+. The mercury-associated distinct signal is located apart from the biomolecule-associated broad signals and is selectively characterized. For example, with natural water from Lake Kasumigaura (Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan), direct detection of Hg2+ with a concentration as low as 37 ppt (37 × 10−10%) was readily demonstrated, indicating the high potential of this simple method for environmental and chemical sensing of metallic species in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung V Hoang
- WPI Center for Materials NanoArchitectonics-MANA, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan.
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38
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Grefe SE, Leiva D, Mastel S, Dhuey SD, Cabrini S, Schuck PJ, Abate Y. Near-field spatial mapping of strongly interacting multiple plasmonic infrared antennas. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:18944-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53104j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Bochterle J, Neubrech F, Nagao T, Pucci A. Angstrom-scale distance dependence of antenna-enhanced vibrational signals. ACS NANO 2012; 6:10917-10923. [PMID: 23167482 DOI: 10.1021/nn304341c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The resonantly enhanced near-field of micrometer-sized gold antennas has been probed with Angstrom-scale resolution. In situ surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopic vibrational signals of carbon monoxide (CO) layers cold-condensed on the antennas in ultrahigh-vacuum conditions are compared to the signals of CO layers with corresponding thicknesses on a flat gold surface. Vibrational signals of CO as well as the shift of the plasmonic resonance frequency were used to analyze the distance dependence of the near-field. The signal enhancement induced by the antennas not only decays monotonically from the surface but, in contrast to classical near-field models, shows a maximum between 10 and 15 Å and decays also toward the surface of the antenna. This effect is attributed to the spill-out of the electron wave function, as expected from quantum mechanical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Bochterle
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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40
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Simpkins BS, Long JP, Glembocki OJ, Guo J, Caldwell JD, Owrutsky JC. Pitch-dependent resonances and near-field coupling in infrared nanoantenna arrays. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:27725-27739. [PMID: 23262719 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.027725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigate coupling in arrays of nanoparticles resonating as half-wave antennas on both silicon and sapphire, and find a universal behavior when scaled by antenna length and substrate index. Three distinct coupling regimes are identified and characterized by rigorous finite-difference time domain simulations. As interparticle pitch is reduced below the oft-described radiative to evanescent transition, resonances blue shift and narrow and exhibit an asymmetric band consistent with a Fano lineshape. Upon further pitch reduction, a transition to a third regime, termed here as near-field coupling, is observed in which the resonance shifts red, becomes more symmetric, and broadens dramatically. This latter regime occurs when the extension of the resonant mode beyond the physical antenna end overlaps that of its neighbor. Simulations identify a clear rearrangement of field intensity accompanying this regime, illustrating that longitudinal modal fields localize in the air gap rather than in the higher index substrate at a pitch consistent with the experimentally observed transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Simpkins
- Chemistry, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
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41
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Chou LW, Shin N, Sivaram SV, Filler MA. Tunable Mid-Infrared Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances in Silicon Nanowires. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:16155-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3075902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wei Chou
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Naechul Shin
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Saujan V. Sivaram
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Michael A. Filler
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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42
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Neubrech F, Weber D, Katzmann J, Huck C, Toma A, Di Fabrizio E, Pucci A, Härtling T. Infrared optical properties of nanoantenna dimers with photochemically narrowed gaps in the 5 nm regime. ACS NANO 2012; 6:7326-7332. [PMID: 22804706 DOI: 10.1021/nn302429g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report on the manipulation of the near-field coupling in individual gold nanoantenna dimers resonant in the infrared (IR) spectral range. Photochemical metal deposition onto lithographically fabricated nanoantennas is used to decrease the gap between the antenna arms down to below 4 nm, as confirmed by finite-difference time-domain simulations. The increased plasmonic coupling in the gap region leads to a shift of the surface plasmon resonances to lower energies as well as to the appearance of hybridized plasmonic modes. All of the occurring electron oscillation modes can be explained by the plasmon hybridization model. Besides the bonding combination of the fundamental resonances of individual antennas, also the antibonding combination is observed in the IR transmittance at normal incidence. Its appearance is due to both structural defects and the small gaps between the antennas. The detailed analysis of individual IR antennas presented here allows a profound understanding of the spectral features occurring during the photochemical manipulation process and therefore paves the way to a full optical process monitoring of sub-nanometer scale gaps, which may serve as model systems for experimental studies of quantum mechanical effects in plasmonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Neubrech
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Surfactant Growth and Optical Studies of Plasmonic Silver Nano-Disks. E-JOURNAL OF SURFACE SCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2012.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Taubert R, Ameling R, Weiss T, Christ A, Giessen H. From near-field to far-field coupling in the third dimension: retarded interaction of particle plasmons. NANO LETTERS 2011; 11:4421-4424. [PMID: 21879724 DOI: 10.1021/nl202606g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We study the transition from the near-field to the far-field coupling regime of particle plasmons in a three-dimensional geometry. In the far-field regime, retardation plays the dominant role and the plasmonic resonances are radiatively coupled. When the spatial arrangement of the oscillators is matched to their resonance wavelength, superradiant-like effects are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Taubert
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
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