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Verrier N, Debailleul M, Haeberlé O. Recent Advances and Current Trends in Transmission Tomographic Diffraction Microscopy. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:1594. [PMID: 38475130 DOI: 10.3390/s24051594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Optical microscopy techniques are among the most used methods in biomedical sample characterization. In their more advanced realization, optical microscopes demonstrate resolution down to the nanometric scale. These methods rely on the use of fluorescent sample labeling in order to break the diffraction limit. However, fluorescent molecules' phototoxicity or photobleaching is not always compatible with the investigated samples. To overcome this limitation, quantitative phase imaging techniques have been proposed. Among these, holographic imaging has demonstrated its ability to image living microscopic samples without staining. However, for a 3D assessment of samples, tomographic acquisitions are needed. Tomographic Diffraction Microscopy (TDM) combines holographic acquisitions with tomographic reconstructions. Relying on a 3D synthetic aperture process, TDM allows for 3D quantitative measurements of the complex refractive index of the investigated sample. Since its initial proposition by Emil Wolf in 1969, the concept of TDM has found a lot of applications and has become one of the hot topics in biomedical imaging. This review focuses on recent achievements in TDM development. Current trends and perspectives of the technique are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Verrier
- Institut Recherche en Informatique, Mathématiques, Automatique et Signal (IRIMAS UR UHA 7499), Université de Haute-Alsace, IUT Mulhouse, 61 rue Albert Camus, 68093 Mulhouse, France
| | - Matthieu Debailleul
- Institut Recherche en Informatique, Mathématiques, Automatique et Signal (IRIMAS UR UHA 7499), Université de Haute-Alsace, IUT Mulhouse, 61 rue Albert Camus, 68093 Mulhouse, France
| | - Olivier Haeberlé
- Institut Recherche en Informatique, Mathématiques, Automatique et Signal (IRIMAS UR UHA 7499), Université de Haute-Alsace, IUT Mulhouse, 61 rue Albert Camus, 68093 Mulhouse, France
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2
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Sun J, Yang B, Koukourakis N, Guck J, Czarske JW. AI-driven projection tomography with multicore fibre-optic cell rotation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:147. [PMID: 38167247 PMCID: PMC10762230 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44280-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Optical tomography has emerged as a non-invasive imaging method, providing three-dimensional insights into subcellular structures and thereby enabling a deeper understanding of cellular functions, interactions, and processes. Conventional optical tomography methods are constrained by a limited illumination scanning range, leading to anisotropic resolution and incomplete imaging of cellular structures. To overcome this problem, we employ a compact multi-core fibre-optic cell rotator system that facilitates precise optical manipulation of cells within a microfluidic chip, achieving full-angle projection tomography with isotropic resolution. Moreover, we demonstrate an AI-driven tomographic reconstruction workflow, which can be a paradigm shift from conventional computational methods, often demanding manual processing, to a fully autonomous process. The performance of the proposed cell rotation tomography approach is validated through the three-dimensional reconstruction of cell phantoms and HL60 human cancer cells. The versatility of this learning-based tomographic reconstruction workflow paves the way for its broad application across diverse tomographic imaging modalities, including but not limited to flow cytometry tomography and acoustic rotation tomography. Therefore, this AI-driven approach can propel advancements in cell biology, aiding in the inception of pioneering therapeutics, and augmenting early-stage cancer diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Sun
- Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Longwen Road 129, Xuhui District, 200232, Shanghai, China.
- Competence Center for Biomedical Computational Laser Systems (BIOLAS), TU Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
- Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique (MST), TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Bin Yang
- Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique (MST), TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nektarios Koukourakis
- Competence Center for Biomedical Computational Laser Systems (BIOLAS), TU Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique (MST), TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jochen Guck
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juergen W Czarske
- Competence Center for Biomedical Computational Laser Systems (BIOLAS), TU Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
- Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique (MST), TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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3
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Zhao J, Liu L, Wang T, Zhang J, Wang X, Du X, Hao R, Liu J, Liu Y, Liu Y. Quantitative phase imaging of living red blood cells combining digital holographic microscopy and deep learning. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202300090. [PMID: 37321984 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Digital holographic microscopy as a non-contacting, non-invasive, and highly accurate measurement technology, is becoming a valuable method for quantitatively investigating cells and tissues. Reconstruction of phases from a digital hologram is a key step in quantitative phase imaging for biological and biomedical research. This study proposes a two-stage deep convolutional neural network named VY-Net, to realize the effective and robust phase reconstruction of living red blood cells. The VY-Net can obtain the phase information of an object directly from a single-shot off-axis digital hologram. We also propose two new indices to evaluate the reconstructed phases. In experiments, the mean of the structural similarity index of reconstructed phases can reach 0.9309, and the mean of the accuracy of reconstructions of reconstructed phases is as high as 91.54%. An unseen phase map of a living human white blood cell is successfully reconstructed by the trained VY-Net, demonstrating its strong generality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Zhao
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianhe Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangzhou Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohui Du
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruqian Hao
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Juanxiu Liu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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4
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Krauze W, Kuś A, Ziemczonok M, Haimowitz M, Chowdhury S, Kujawińska M. 3D scattering microphantom sample to assess quantitative accuracy in tomographic phase microscopy techniques. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19586. [PMID: 36380058 PMCID: PMC9666505 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24193-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we present a structurally-complex biomimetic scattering structure, fabricated with two-photon polymerization, and utilize this object in order to benchmark a computational imaging system. The phantom allows to tailor the scattering by modifying its degrees of freedom i.e. refractive index contrast and scattering layer dimensions and incorporates a 3D imaging quality test, representing a single cell within tissue. While the sample may be used with multiple 3D microscopy techniques, we demonstrate the impact of scattering on three tomographic phase microscopy (TPM) reconstruction methods. One of these methods assumes the sample to be weak-scattering, while the other two take multiple scattering into account. The study is performed at two wavelengths (visible and near-infrared), which serve as a scaling factor for the scattering phenomenon. We find that changing the wavelength from visible into near-infrared impacts the applicability of TPM reconstruction methods. As a result of reduced scattering in near-infrared region, the multiple-scattering-oriented techniques perform in fact worse than a method aimed for weak-scattering samples. This implies a necessity of selecting proper approach depending on sample's scattering characteristics even in case of subtle changes in the object-light interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Krauze
- Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, Warsaw University of Technology, Boboli 8 street, Warsaw, 02-525, Poland.
| | - Arkadiusz Kuś
- Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, Warsaw University of Technology, Boboli 8 street, Warsaw, 02-525, Poland
| | - Michał Ziemczonok
- Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, Warsaw University of Technology, Boboli 8 street, Warsaw, 02-525, Poland
| | - Max Haimowitz
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 2501 Speedway, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Shwetadwip Chowdhury
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 2501 Speedway, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Małgorzata Kujawińska
- Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, Warsaw University of Technology, Boboli 8 street, Warsaw, 02-525, Poland
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5
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Figueroa B, Xu FX, Hu R, Men S, Fu D. Quantitative Imaging of Intracellular Density with Ratiometric Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:7595-7603. [PMID: 36135097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c04355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cell size and density are tightly controlled in mammalian cells. They impact a wide range of physiological functions, including osmoregulation, tissue homeostasis, and growth regulation. Compared to size, density variation for a given cell type is typically much smaller, implying that cell-type-specific density plays an important role in cell function. However, little is known about how cell density affects cell function or how it is regulated. Current tools for intracellular cell density measurements are limited to either suspended cells or cells grown on 2D substrates, neither of which recapitulate the physiology of single cells in intact tissue. While optical measurements have the potential to noninvasively measure cell density in situ, light scattering in multicellular systems prevents direct quantification. Here, we introduce an intracellular density imaging technique based on ratiometric stimulated Raman scattering microscopy (rSRS). It uses intrinsic vibrational information from intracellular macromolecules to quantify dry mass density. Moreover, water is used as an internal standard to correct for aberration and light scattering effects. We demonstrate real-time measurement of intracellular density and show that density is tightly regulated across different cell types and can be used to differentiate cell types as well as cell states. We further demonstrate dynamic imaging of density change in response to osmotic challenge as well as intracellular density imaging of a 3D tumor spheroid. Our technique has the potential for imaging intracellular density in intact tissue and understanding density regulation and its role in tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Figueroa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Fiona Xi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Ruoqian Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Shuaiqian Men
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Dan Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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6
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Běhal J, Borrelli F, Mugnano M, Bianco V, Capozzoli A, Curcio C, Liseno A, Miccio L, Memmolo P, Ferraro P. Developing a Reliable Holographic Flow Cyto-Tomography Apparatus by Optimizing the Experimental Layout and Computational Processing. Cells 2022; 11:2591. [PMID: 36010667 PMCID: PMC9406712 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Digital Holographic Tomography (DHT) has recently been established as a means of retrieving the 3D refractive index mapping of single cells. To make DHT a viable system, it is necessary to develop a reliable and robust holographic apparatus in order that such technology can be utilized outside of specialized optics laboratories and operated in the in-flow modality. In this paper, we propose a quasi-common-path lateral-shearing holographic optical set-up to be used, for the first time, for DHT in a flow-cytometer modality. The proposed solution is able to withstand environmental vibrations that can severely affect the interference process. Furthermore, we have scaled down the system while ensuring that a full 360° rotation of the cells occurs in the field-of-view, in order to retrieve 3D phase-contrast tomograms of single cells flowing along a microfluidic channel. This was achieved by setting the camera sensor at 45° with respect to the microfluidic direction. Additional optimizations were made to the computational elements to ensure the reliable retrieval of 3D refractive index distributions by demonstrating an effective method of tomographic reconstruction, based on high-order total variation. The results were first demonstrated using realistic 3D numerical phantom cells to assess the performance of the proposed high-order total variation method in comparison with the gold-standard algorithm for tomographic reconstructions: namely, filtered back projection. Then, the proposed DHT system and the processing pipeline were experimentally validated for monocytes and mouse embryonic fibroblast NIH-3T3 cells lines. Moreover, the repeatability of these tomographic measurements was also investigated by recording the same cell multiple times and quantifying the ability to provide reliable and comparable tomographic reconstructions, as confirmed by a correlation coefficient greater than 95%. The reported results represent various steps forward in several key aspects of in-flow DHT, thus paving the way for its use in real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaromír Běhal
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, Italian National Research Council (CNR-ISASI), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Borrelli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e delle Tecnologie dell’Informazione, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Martina Mugnano
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, Italian National Research Council (CNR-ISASI), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Vittorio Bianco
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, Italian National Research Council (CNR-ISASI), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Amedeo Capozzoli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e delle Tecnologie dell’Informazione, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudio Curcio
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e delle Tecnologie dell’Informazione, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Angelo Liseno
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e delle Tecnologie dell’Informazione, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Lisa Miccio
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, Italian National Research Council (CNR-ISASI), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Pasquale Memmolo
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, Italian National Research Council (CNR-ISASI), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Pietro Ferraro
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, Italian National Research Council (CNR-ISASI), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
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7
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Bianchi S, Brasili F, Saglimbeni F, Cortese B, Di Leonardo R. Optical diffraction tomography of 3D microstructures using a low coherence source. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:22321-22332. [PMID: 36224932 DOI: 10.1364/oe.454910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Optical diffraction tomography (ODT) is a label-free technique for three dimensional imaging of micron-sized objects. Coherence and limited sampling of 3D Fourier space are often responsible for the appearance of artifacts. Here we present an ODT microscope that uses low temporal coherence light and spatial light modulators to retrieve reliable 3D maps of the refractive index. A common-path interferometer, based on a spatial light modulator, measures the complex fields transmitted by a sample. Measured fields, acquired while scanning the illumination direction using a digital micro-mirror device, are fed into a Rytov reconstruction algorithm to obtain refractive index maps whose accuracy is directly evaluated on microfabricated 3D test objects. Even for challenging shapes such as pyramids, bridges, and dumbbells, we obtain volumetric reconstructions that compare very well with electron microscopy images.
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8
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Son M, Lee YS, Lee MJ, Park Y, Bae HR, Lee SY, Shin MG, Yang S. Effects of osmolality and solutes on the morphology of red blood cells according to three-dimensional refractive index tomography. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0262106. [PMID: 34972199 PMCID: PMC8719701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and Alsever's solution (AS) are frequently used as media in blood-related studies, while 0.9% normal saline (NS) is frequently used in transfusion medicine. Despite the frequent use, the effects of these solutions on the shape and volume of red blood cells (RBCs) have not been reported. We collected blood samples from five healthy adults and used three-dimensional refractive index tomography to investigate the changes in the morphology of RBCs caused by changes in osmolality and solutes at the single-cell level. After diluting 2 μL of RBCs 200-fold with each solution (PBS, AS, and 0.9% NS), 40 randomly selected RBCs were microscopically observed. RBC shape was measured considering sphericity, which is a dimensionless quantity ranging from 0 (flat) to 1 (spherical). RBCs in plasma or AS showed a biconcave shape with a small sphericity, whereas those in 0.9% NS or PBS showed a spherical shape with a large sphericity. Moreover, we confirmed that sodium chloride alone could not elicit the biconcave shape of RBCs, which could be maintained only in the presence of an osmotic pressure-maintaining substance, such as glucose or mannitol. Although 0.9% NS solution is one of the most commonly used fluids in hematology and transfusion medicine, RBCs in 0.9% NS or PBS are not biconcave. Therefore, as the debate on the use of NS continues, future clinical studies or applications should consider the effect of glucose or mannitol on the shape of RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkook Son
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Sung Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahn Jae Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - YongKeun Park
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Rahn Bae
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeob Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Geun Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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9
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Zdańkowski P, Winnik J, Patorski K, Gocłowski P, Ziemczonok M, Józwik M, Kujawińska M, Trusiak M. Common-path intrinsically achromatic optical diffraction tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:4219-4234. [PMID: 34457410 PMCID: PMC8367224 DOI: 10.1364/boe.428828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work we propose an open-top like common-path intrinsically achromatic optical diffraction tomography system. It operates as a total-shear interferometer and employs Ronchi-type amplitude diffraction grating, positioned in between the camera and the tube lens without an additional 4f system, generating three-beam interferograms with achromatic second harmonic. Such configuration makes the proposed system low cost, compact and immune to vibrations. We present the results of the measurements of 3D-printed cell phantom using laser diode (coherent) and superluminescent diode (partially coherent) light sources. Broadband light sources can be naturally employed without the need for any cumbersome compensation because of the intrinsic achromaticity of the interferometric recording (holograms generated by -1st and +1st conjugated diffraction orders are not affected by the illumination wavelength). The results show that the decreased coherence offers much reduced coherent noise and higher fidelity tomographic reconstruction especially when applied nonnegativity constraint regularization procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Zdańkowski
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, 8 Św. A. Boboli st., 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Julianna Winnik
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, 8 Św. A. Boboli st., 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Krzysztof Patorski
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, 8 Św. A. Boboli st., 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Gocłowski
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, 8 Św. A. Boboli st., 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Ziemczonok
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, 8 Św. A. Boboli st., 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Józwik
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, 8 Św. A. Boboli st., 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kujawińska
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, 8 Św. A. Boboli st., 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Trusiak
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, 8 Św. A. Boboli st., 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
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10
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Ferretti S, Bianchi S, Frangipane G, Di Leonardo R. A virtual reality interface for the immersive manipulation of live microscopic systems. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7610. [PMID: 33828325 PMCID: PMC8027422 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
For more than three centuries we have been watching and studying microscopic phenomena behind a microscope. We discovered that cells live in a physical environment whose predominant factors are no longer those of our scale and for which we lack a direct experience and consequently a deep intuition. Here we demonstrate a new instrument which, by integrating holographic and virtual reality technologies, allows the user to be completely immersed in a dynamic virtual world which is a simultaneous replica of a real system under the microscope. We use holographic microscopy for fast 3D imaging and real-time rendering on a virtual reality headset. At the same time, hand tracking data is used to dynamically generate holographic optical traps that can be used as virtual projections of the user hands to interactively grab and manipulate ensembles of microparticles or living motile cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ferretti
- Physics Department, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvio Bianchi
- Soft and Living Matter Laboratory, NANOTEC-CNR, Institute of Nanotechnology, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frangipane
- Soft and Living Matter Laboratory, NANOTEC-CNR, Institute of Nanotechnology, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Physics Department, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Leonardo
- Soft and Living Matter Laboratory, NANOTEC-CNR, Institute of Nanotechnology, 00185, Rome, Italy.
- Physics Department, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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11
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Guo R, Barnea I, Shaked NT. Limited-angle tomographic phase microscopy utilizing confocal scanning fluorescence microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:1869-1881. [PMID: 33996204 PMCID: PMC8086471 DOI: 10.1364/boe.419598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a multimodal imaging technique, combining tomographic phase microscopy with limited angular projection range and number, and two-channel spinning-disk confocal scanning fluorescence microscopy. This technique allows high-accuracy 3D refractive index (RI) profiling of live cells in spite of the missing projections. The cellular outer shape and its interior organelles measured by the confocal fluorescence imaging not only specify the cell in molecular levels, but also provide the 3D distributions of the whole cell as well as its organelles. We take these additional 3D morphological details as constraints in Gerchberg-Papoulis-based optical diffraction tomography algorithm. We then obtain an accurate 3D RI tomogram, even with a sparse angular range having a small number of perspective projections, otherwise providing low-accuracy RI reconstruction. Then, we obtain both cellular molecular specificity and inner RI values of the cell and its organelles. We compare the reconstructed 3D RI profiles of various samples, demonstrating the superiority of the proposed technique.
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12
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Jeong K, Lopera MJ, Turek JJ, Nolte DD. Common-path interferometer for digital holographic Doppler spectroscopy of living biological tissues. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-210018LR. [PMID: 33783149 PMCID: PMC8005914 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.3.030501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Common-path interferometers have the advantage of producing ultrastable interferometric fringes compared with conventional interferometers, such as Michelson or Mach-Zehnder that are sensitive to environmental instabilities. Isolating interferometric measurements from mechanical disturbances is important in biodynamic imaging because Doppler spectroscopy of intracellular dynamics requires extreme stability for phase-sensitive interferometric detection to capture fluctuation frequencies down to 10 mHz. AIM The aim of this study was to demonstrate that Doppler spectra produced from a common-path interferometer using a grating and a spatial filter (SF) are comparable to, and more stable than, spectra from conventional biodynamic imaging. APPROACH A common-path interferometer using a holographic diffraction grating and an SF was employed with a low-coherence source. Simulations evaluated the spatial resolution. DLD-1 (human colon adenocarcinoma) spheroids were used as living target tissue samples. Power spectra under external vibrations and drug-response spectrograms were compared between common-path and Fourier-domain holographic systems. RESULTS The common-path holography configuration shows enhanced interferometric stability against mechanical vibrations through common-mode rejection while maintaining sensitivity to Doppler frequency fluctuations caused by intracellular motions. CONCLUSIONS A common-path interferometer using a grating and an SF can provide enhanced interferometric stability in tissue-dynamics spectroscopy for drug screening assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Jeong
- Korea Military Academy, Department of Physics, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - John J. Turek
- Purdue University, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, West Lafayette, United States
| | - David D. Nolte
- Purdue University, Department of Physics, West Lafayette, United States
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13
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Kim D, Lee S, Lee M, Oh J, Yang SA, Park Y. Holotomography: Refractive Index as an Intrinsic Imaging Contrast for 3-D Label-Free Live Cell Imaging. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1310:211-238. [PMID: 33834439 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6064-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Live cell imaging provides essential information in the investigation of cell biology and related pathophysiology. Refractive index (RI) can serve as intrinsic optical imaging contrast for 3-D label-free and quantitative live cell imaging, and provide invaluable information to understand various dynamics of cells and tissues for the study of numerous fields. Recently significant advances have been made in imaging methods and analysis approaches utilizing RI, which are now being transferred to biological and medical research fields, providing novel approaches to investigate the pathophysiology of cells. To provide insight into how RI can be used as an imaging contrast for imaging of biological specimens, here we provide the basic principle of RI-based imaging techniques and summarize recent progress on applications, ranging from microbiology, hematology, infectious diseases, hematology, and histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sangyun Lee
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Moosung Lee
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Juntaek Oh
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Su-A Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - YongKeun Park
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea. .,KAIST Institute Health Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea. .,Tomocube Inc., Daejeon, South Korea.
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14
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Toda K, Tamamitsu M, Ideguchi T. Adaptive dynamic range shift (ADRIFT) quantitative phase imaging. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:1. [PMID: 33386387 PMCID: PMC7775917 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-00435-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) with its high-contrast images of optical phase delay (OPD) maps is often used for label-free single-cell analysis. Contrary to other imaging methods, sensitivity improvement has not been intensively explored because conventional QPI is sensitive enough to observe the surface roughness of a substrate that restricts the minimum measurable OPD. However, emerging QPI techniques that utilize, for example, differential image analysis of consecutive temporal frames, such as mid-infrared photothermal QPI, mitigate the minimum OPD limit by decoupling the static OPD contribution and allow measurement of much smaller OPDs. Here, we propose and demonstrate supersensitive QPI with an expanded dynamic range. It is enabled by adaptive dynamic range shift through a combination of wavefront shaping and dark-field QPI techniques. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, we show dynamic range expansion (sensitivity improvement) of QPI by a factor of 6.6 and its utility in improving the sensitivity of mid-infrared photothermal QPI. This technique can also be applied for wide-field scattering imaging of dynamically changing nanoscale objects inside and outside a biological cell without losing global cellular morphological image information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Toda
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Miu Tamamitsu
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takuro Ideguchi
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
- Institute for Photon Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
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15
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Foucault L, Verrier N, Debailleul M, Courbot JB, Colicchio B, Simon B, Vonna L, Haeberlé O. Versatile transmission/reflection tomographic diffractive microscopy approach. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2019; 36:C18-C27. [PMID: 31873690 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.36.000c18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Tomographic diffractive microscopy (TDM) has gained interest in recent years due to its ability to deliver high-resolution, three-dimensional images of unlabeled samples. It has been applied to transparent samples in transmission mode, as well as to surface studies in reflection mode. Mudry et al. [Opt. Lett.35, 1857 (2010)OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.35.001857] introduced the concept of mirror-assisted TDM (MA-TDM), an elegant approach for achieving quasi-isotropic-resolution microscopic imaging, but which is still to be experimentally applied. In this work, we show that a simplified version of MA-TDM allows for transforming a reflective TDM setup into a more versatile instrument, also capable of observing transparent samples in transmission mode if using specific sample holders made out of a mirror and coated with a low-thickness transparent spacer.
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16
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Three-Dimensional Shapes and Cell Deformability of Rat Red Blood Cells during and after Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest. Emerg Med Int 2019; 2019:6027236. [PMID: 31737367 PMCID: PMC6815595 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6027236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in microcirculation are believed to perform an important role after cardiac arrest. In particular, rheological changes in red blood cells (RBCs) have been observed during and after ischemic-reperfusion injury. Employing three-dimensional laser interferometric microscopy, we investigated three-dimensional shapes and deformability of RBCs during and after asphyxial cardiac arrest in rats at the individual cell level. Rat cardiac arrest was induced by asphyxia. Five rats were maintained for 7 min of no-flow time, and then, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was started. Blood samples were obtained before cardiac arrest, during CPR, and 60 min after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) techniques based on laser interferometry were used to measure the three-dimensional refractive index (RI) tomograms of the RBC, from which structural and biochemical properties were retrieved. Dynamic membrane fluctuations in the cell membrane were also quantitatively and sensitively measured in order to investigate cell deformability. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean cell volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and red blood cell distribution width remained unchanged during CPR and after ROSC compared with those before cardiac arrest. QPI results revealed that RBC membrane fluctuations, sphericity, and surface area did not change significantly during CPR or after ROSC compared with initial values. In conclusion, no three-dimensional shapes and cell deformability changes in RBCs were detected.
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17
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Hsieh CM, Liu PY, Chin LK, Zhang JB, Wang K, Sung KB, Ser W, Bourouina T, Leprince-Wang Y, Liu AQ. Regulation of lipid droplets in live preadipocytes using optical diffraction tomography and Raman spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:22994-23008. [PMID: 31510584 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.022994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets have gained strong interest in recent years to comprehend how they function and coordinate with other parts of the cell. However, it remains challenging to study the regulation of lipid droplets in live preadipocytes using conventional microscopic techniques. In this paper, we study the effects of fatty acid stimulation and cell starvation on lipid droplets using optical diffraction tomography and Raman spectroscopy by measuring size, refractive index, volume, dry mass and degree of unsaturation. The increase of fatty acids causes an increase in the number and dry mass of lipid droplets. During starvation, the number of lipid droplets increases drastically, which are released to mitochondria to release energy. Studying lipid droplets under different chemical stimulations could help us understand the regulation of lipid droplets for metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes.
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18
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Kim G, Jo Y, Cho H, Min HS, Park Y. Learning-based screening of hematologic disorders using quantitative phase imaging of individual red blood cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 123:69-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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19
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Ling R, Tahir W, Lin HY, Lee H, Tian L. High-throughput intensity diffraction tomography with a computational microscope. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:2130-2141. [PMID: 29760975 PMCID: PMC5946776 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.002130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a motion-free intensity diffraction tomography technique that enables the direct inversion of 3D phase and absorption from intensity-only measurements for weakly scattering samples. We derive a novel linear forward model featuring slice-wise phase and absorption transfer functions using angled illumination. This new framework facilitates flexible and efficient data acquisition, enabling arbitrary sampling of the illumination angles. The reconstruction algorithm performs 3D synthetic aperture using a robust computation and memory efficient slice-wise deconvolution to achieve resolution up to the incoherent limit. We demonstrate our technique with thick biological samples having both sparse 3D structures and dense cell clusters. We further investigate the limitation of our technique when imaging strongly scattering samples. Imaging performance and the influence of multiple scattering is evaluated using a 3D sample consisting of stacked phase and absorption resolution targets. This computational microscopy system is directly built on a standard commercial microscope with a simple LED array source add-on, and promises broad applications by leveraging the ubiquitous microscopy platforms with minimal hardware modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilong Ling
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215,
USA
| | - Waleed Tahir
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215,
USA
| | - Hsing-Ying Lin
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114,
USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114,
USA
| | - Hakho Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114,
USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114,
USA
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215,
USA
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20
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Schürmann M, Cojoc G, Girardo S, Ulbricht E, Guck J, Müller P. Three-dimensional correlative single-cell imaging utilizing fluorescence and refractive index tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11. [PMID: 28800386 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Cells alter the path of light, a fact that leads to well-known aberrations in single cell or tissue imaging. Optical diffraction tomography (ODT) measures the biophysical property that causes these aberrations, the refractive index (RI). ODT is complementary to fluorescence imaging and does not require any markers. The present study introduces RI and fluorescence tomography with optofluidic rotation (RAFTOR) of suspended cells, facilitating the segmentation of the 3D-correlated RI and fluorescence data for a quantitative interpretation of the nuclear RI. The technique is validated with cell phantoms and used to confirm a lower nuclear RI for HL60 cells. Furthermore, the nuclear inversion of adult mouse photoreceptor cells is observed in the RI distribution. The applications shown confirm predictions of previous studies and illustrate the potential of RAFTOR to improve our understanding of cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gheorghe Cojoc
- Biotechnology Center of the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Elke Ulbricht
- Biotechnology Center of the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jochen Guck
- Biotechnology Center of the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Paul Müller
- Biotechnology Center of the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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21
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Model MA, Petruccelli JC. Intracellular Macromolecules in Cell Volume Control and Methods of Their Quantification. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2018; 81:237-289. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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22
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Soto JM, Rodrigo JA, Alieva T. Optical diffraction tomography with fully and partially coherent illumination in high numerical aperture label-free microscopy [Invited]. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:A205-A214. [PMID: 29328147 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.00a205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative label-free imaging is an important tool for the study of living microorganisms that, during the last decade, has attracted wide attention from the optical community. Optical diffraction tomography (ODT) is probably the most relevant technique for quantitative label-free 3D imaging applied in wide-field microscopy in the visible range. The ODT is usually performed using spatially coherent light illumination and specially designed holographic microscopes. Nevertheless, the ODT is also compatible with partially coherent illumination and can be realized in conventional wide-field microscopes by applying refocusing techniques, as it has been recently demonstrated. Here, we compare these two ODT modalities, underlining their pros and cons and discussing the optical setups for their implementation. In particular, we pay special attention to a system that is compatible with a conventional wide-field microscope that can be used for both ODT modalities. It consists of two easily attachable modules: the first for sample illumination engineering based on digital light processing technology; the other for focus scanning by using an electrically driven tunable lens. This hardware allows for a programmable selection of the wavelength and the illumination design, and provides fast data acquisition as well. Its performance is experimentally demonstrated in the case of ODT with partially coherent illumination providing speckle-free 3D quantitative imaging.
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23
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Chowdhury S, Eldridge WJ, Wax A, Izatt JA. Structured illumination microscopy for dual-modality 3D sub-diffraction resolution fluorescence and refractive-index reconstruction. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:5776-5793. [PMID: 29296504 PMCID: PMC5745119 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.005776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Though structured illumination (SI) microscopy is a popular imaging technique conventionally associated with fluorescent super-resolution, recent works have suggested its applicability towards sub-diffraction resolution coherent imaging with quantitative endogenous biological contrast. Here, we demonstrate that SI can efficiently integrate together the principles of fluorescent super-resolution and coherent synthetic aperture to achieve 3D dual-modality sub-diffraction resolution, fluorescence and refractive-index (RI) visualizations of biological samples. We experimentally demonstrate this framework by introducing a SI microscope capable of 3D sub-diffraction resolution fluorescence and RI imaging, and verify its biological visualization capabilities by experimentally reconstructing 3D RI/fluorescence visualizations of fluorescent calibration microspheres as well as alveolar basal epithelial adenocarcinoma (A549) and human colorectal adenocarcinmoa (HT-29) cells, fluorescently stained for F-actin. This demonstration may suggest SI as an especially promising imaging technique to enable future biological studies that explore synergistically operating biophysical/biochemical and molecular mechanisms at sub-diffraction resolutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shwetadwip Chowdhury
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, 1427 FCIEMAS, 101 Science Drive Box 90281, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Will J. Eldridge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, 1427 FCIEMAS, 101 Science Drive Box 90281, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Adam Wax
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, 1427 FCIEMAS, 101 Science Drive Box 90281, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Joseph A. Izatt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, 1427 FCIEMAS, 101 Science Drive Box 90281, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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24
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Lim J, Wahab A, Park G, Lee K, Park Y, Ye JC. Beyond Born-Rytov limit for super-resolution optical diffraction tomography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:30445-30458. [PMID: 29221073 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.030445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Optical diffraction tomography (ODT) using Born or Rytov approximation suffers from severe distortions in reconstructed refractive index (RI) tomograms when multiple scattering occurs or the scattering signals are strong. These effects are usually seen as a significant impediment to the application of ODT because multiple scattering is directly linked to an unknown object itself rather than a surrounding medium, and a strong scatter invalidates the underlying assumptions of the Born and Rytov approximations. The focus of this article is to demonstrate for the first time that multiple scattering and high material contrast, if handled aptly, can significantly improve the image quality of the ODT thanks to multiple scattering inside a sample. Experimental verification using various phantom and biological cells substantiates that we not only revealed the structures that were not observable using the conventional approaches but also resolved the long-standing problem of missing cones in the ODT.
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25
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Han L, Cheng ZJ, Yang Y, Wang BY, Yue QY, Guo CS. Double-channel angular-multiplexing polarization holography with common-path and off-axis configuration. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:21877-21886. [PMID: 29041479 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.021877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We propose a double-channel angular-multiplexing polarization holographic imaging system with common-path and off-axis configurations. In the system, its input plane is spatially divided into three windows: an object window and two reference windows, and two orthogonal linear polarizers are attached, respectively, on the two reference windows; a two-dimensional cross grating is inserted between the input and output planes of the system. Thus the object beam passing through the object window and the two orthogonal polarized reference beams passing through the two reference windows can overlap each other at the output plane of the system and form a double-channel angular-multiplexing polarization hologram (DC-AM-PH). Using this system, the complex amplitude distributions of two orthogonal polarized components from an object can be recorded and reconstructed by one single-shot DC-AM-PH at the same time. Theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrated that the system can be used to measure the Jones matrix parameters of polarization-sensitive or birefringent materials.
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26
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Hur J, Kim K, Lee S, Park H, Park Y. Melittin-induced alterations in morphology and deformability of human red blood cells using quantitative phase imaging techniques. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9306. [PMID: 28839153 PMCID: PMC5571175 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08675-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, the actions of melittin, the active molecule of apitoxin or bee venom, were investigated on human red blood cells (RBCs) using quantitative phase imaging techniques. High-resolution real-time 3-D refractive index (RI) measurements and dynamic 2-D phase images of individual melittin-bound RBCs enabled in-depth examination of melittin-induced biophysical alterations of the cells. From the measurements, morphological, intracellular, and mechanical alterations of the RBCs were analyzed quantitatively. Furthermore, leakage of haemoglobin (Hb) inside the RBCs at high melittin concentration was also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonseok Hur
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Kyoohyun Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,KAIST Institute Health Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - SangYun Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,KAIST Institute Health Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - HyunJoo Park
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - YongKeun Park
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,KAIST Institute Health Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea. .,Tomocube Inc., Daejeon, 34051, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Finkeldey M, Göring L, Brenner C, Hofmann M, Gerhardt NC. Depth-filtering in common-path digital holographic microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:19398-19407. [PMID: 29041134 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.019398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a method to select different layers in a sample using a low coherent gating approach combined with a stable common-path quantitative phase imaging microscopy setup. The depth-filtering technique allows us to suppress the negative effects generated by multiple interference patterns of overlaying optical interfaces in the sample. It maintains the compact and stable common-path setup, while enabling images with a high phase sensitivity and acquisition speed. We use a holographic microscope in reflective geometry with a non-tunable low coherence light source. First results of this technique are shown by imaging the hardware layer of a standard micro-controller through its thinned substrate.
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28
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Abstract
Volume is an essential characteristic of a cell, and this review describes the main methods of its measurement that have been used in the past several decades. The discussed methods include various implementations of light scattering, estimates based on one or two cell dimensions, surface scanning, fluorescence confocal and transmission slice-by-slice imaging, intracellular volume markers, displacement of extracellular solution, quantitative phase imaging, radioactive methods, and some others. Suitability of these methods to some typical samples and applications is discussed. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Model
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
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29
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Refractive index tomograms and dynamic membrane fluctuations of red blood cells from patients with diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1039. [PMID: 28432323 PMCID: PMC5430658 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present the optical characterisations of diabetic red blood cells (RBCs) in a non-invasive manner employing three-dimensional (3-D) quantitative phase imaging. By measuring 3-D refractive index tomograms and 2-D time-series phase images, the morphological (volume, surface area and sphericity), biochemical (haemoglobin concentration and content) and mechanical (membrane fluctuation) parameters were quantitatively retrieved at the individual cell level. With simultaneous measurements of individual cell properties, systematic correlative analyses on retrieved RBC parameters were also performed. Our measurements show there exist no statistically significant alterations in morphological and biochemical parameters of diabetic RBCs, compared to those of healthy (non-diabetic) RBCs. In contrast, membrane deformability of diabetic RBCs is significantly lower than that of healthy, non-diabetic RBCs. Interestingly, non-diabetic RBCs exhibit strong correlations between the elevated glycated haemoglobin in RBC cytoplasm and decreased cell deformability, whereas diabetic RBCs do not show correlations. Our observations strongly support the idea that slow and irreversible glycation of haemoglobin and membrane proteins of RBCs by hyperglycaemia significantly compromises RBC deformability in diabetic patients.
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30
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Shin S, Kim K, Lee K, Lee S, Park Y. Effects of spatiotemporal coherence on interferometric microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:8085-8097. [PMID: 28380929 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.008085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Illumination coherence plays a major role in various imaging systems, from microscopy, metrology, digital holography, optical coherence tomography, to ultrasound imaging. Here, we present a systematic study on the effects of degrees of spatiotemporal coherence of an illumination (DSTCI) on imaging quality of interferometric microscopy. An optical field with arbitrary DSTCI was decomposed into wavelets with constituent spatiotemporal frequencies, and the effects on image quality were quantitatively investigated. The results show the synergistic effects on reduction of speckle noise when DSTCI is decreased. This study presents a method to systematically control DSTCI, and the result provides an essential reference on the effects of DSTCI on the imaging quality. We believe that the presented methods and results can be implemented in various imaging systems for characterizing and improving the imaging quality.
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31
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Lee K, Kim K, Kim G, Shin S, Park Y. Time-multiplexed structured illumination using a DMD for optical diffraction tomography. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:999-1002. [PMID: 28248352 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.000999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We present a time-multiplexing structured illumination control technique for optical diffraction tomography (ODT). Instead of tilting the angle of illumination, time-multiplexed sinusoidal illumination is exploited using a digital micromirror device (DMD). The present method effectively eliminates unwanted diffracted beams from binary DMD patterns, which deteriorates the image quality of the ODT in the previous binary Lee hologram method. We experimentally show the feasibility and advantage of the present method by reconstructing three-dimensional refractive index distributions of various samples and comparing with a conventional Lee hologram method.
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32
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Majeed H, Sridharan S, Mir M, Ma L, Min E, Jung W, Popescu G. Quantitative phase imaging for medical diagnosis. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:177-205. [PMID: 27539534 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Optical microscopy is an indispensable diagnostic tool in modern healthcare. As a prime example, pathologists rely exclusively on light microscopy to investigate tissue morphology in order to make a diagnosis. While advances in light microscopy and contrast markers allow pathologists to visualize cells and tissues in unprecedented detail, the interpretation of these images remains largely subjective, leading to inter- and intra-observer discrepancy. Furthermore, conventional microscopy images capture qualitative information which makes it difficult to automate the process, reducing the throughput achievable in the diagnostic workflow. Quantitative Phase Imaging (QPI) techniques have been advanced in recent years to address these two challenges. By quantifying physical parameters of cells and tissues, these systems remove subjectivity from the disease diagnosis process and allow for easier automation to increase throughput. In addition to providing quantitative information, QPI systems are also label-free and can be easily assimilated into the current diagnostic workflow in the clinic. In this paper we review the advances made in disease diagnosis by QPI techniques. We focus on the areas of hematological diagnosis and cancer pathology, which are the areas where most significant advances have been made to date. [Image adapted from Y. Park, M. Diez-Silva, G. Popescu, G. Lykotrafitis, W. Choi, M. S. Feld, and S. Suresh, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 105, 13730-13735 (2008).].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassaan Majeed
- Quantitative Light Imaging Lab, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Shamira Sridharan
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California Davis, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility #2603B, 451 Health Science Dr., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Mustafa Mir
- Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 485 Li Ka Shing Center, 94720, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lihong Ma
- Institute of Information Optics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Eunjung Min
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Woonggyu Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Gabriel Popescu
- Quantitative Light Imaging Lab, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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Quadriwave lateral shearing interferometric microscopy with wideband sensitivity enhancement for quantitative phase imaging in real time. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9. [PMID: 28148959 PMCID: PMC5428360 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00053-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Real-time quantitative phase imaging has tremendous potential in investigating live biological specimens in vitro. Here we report on a wideband sensitivity-enhanced interferometric microscopy for quantitative phase imaging in real time by employing two quadriwave lateral shearing interferometers based on randomly encoded hybrid gratings with different lateral shears. Theoretical framework to analyze the measurement sensitivity is firstly proposed, from which the optimal lateral shear pair for sensitivity enhancement is also derived. To accelerate the phase retrieval algorithm for real-time visualization, we develop a fully vectorized path-independent differential leveling phase unwrapping algorithm ready for parallel computing, and the framerate for retrieving the phase from each pair of two 4 mega pixel interferograms is able to reach 47.85 frames per second. Experiment results demonstrate that the wideband sensitivity-enhanced interferometric microscopy is capable of eliminating all the periodical error caused by spectral leaking problem and reducing the temporal standard deviation to the half level compared with phase directly retrieved by the interferogram. Due to its high adaptability, the wideband sensitivity-enhanced interferometric microscopy is promising in retrofitting existing microscopes to quantitative phase microscopes with high measurement precision and real-time visualization.
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34
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Measuring cell surface area and deformability of individual human red blood cells over blood storage using quantitative phase imaging. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34257. [PMID: 27698484 PMCID: PMC5048416 DOI: 10.1038/srep34257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The functionality and viability of stored human red blood cells (RBCs) is an important clinical issue in transfusions. To systematically investigate changes in stored whole blood, the hematological properties of individual RBCs were quantified in blood samples stored for various periods with and without a preservation solution called citrate phosphate dextrose adenine-1 (CPDA-1). With 3-D quantitative phase imaging techniques, the optical measurements for 3-D refractive index (RI) distributions and membrane fluctuations were done at the individual cell level. From the optical measurements, the morphological (volume, surface area and sphericity), biochemical (hemoglobin content and concentration), and mechanical parameters (dynamic membrane fluctuation) were simultaneously quantified to investigate the functionalities and progressive alterations of stored RBCs. Our results show that stored RBCs without CPDA-1 had a dramatic morphological transformation from discocytes to spherocytes within two weeks which was accompanied by significant decreases in cell deformability and cell surface area, and increases in sphericity. However, the stored RBCs with CPDA-1 maintained their morphology and deformability for up to 6 weeks.
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Kostencka J, Kozacki T, Kuś A, Kemper B, Kujawińska M. Holographic tomography with scanning of illumination: space-domain reconstruction for spatially invariant accuracy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:4086-4101. [PMID: 27867717 PMCID: PMC5102545 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.004086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents two novel, space-domain reconstruction algorithms for holographic tomography utilizing scanning of illumination and a fixed detector that is highly suitable for imaging of living biomedical specimens. The first proposed algorithm is an adaptation of the filtered backpropagation to the scanning illumination tomography. Its space-domain implementation enables avoiding the error-prone interpolation in the Fourier domain, which is a significant problem of the state-of-the-art tomographic algorithm. The second proposed algorithm is a modified version of the former, which ensures the spatially invariant reconstruction accuracy. The utility of the proposed algorithms is demonstrated with numerical simulations and experimental measurement of a cancer cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna Kostencka
- Photonics Engineering Division, Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, Faculty of Mechatronics, Warsaw University of Technology, A. Boboli 8 Street, 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kozacki
- Photonics Engineering Division, Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, Faculty of Mechatronics, Warsaw University of Technology, A. Boboli 8 Street, 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Kuś
- Photonics Engineering Division, Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, Faculty of Mechatronics, Warsaw University of Technology, A. Boboli 8 Street, 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Björn Kemper
- Biomedical Technology Center of the Medical Faculty, University of Muenster, Mendelstr 17, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Małgorzata Kujawińska
- Photonics Engineering Division, Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, Faculty of Mechatronics, Warsaw University of Technology, A. Boboli 8 Street, 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
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36
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Jung J, Matemba LE, Lee K, Kazyoba PE, Yoon J, Massaga JJ, Kim K, Kim DJ, Park Y. Optical characterization of red blood cells from individuals with sickle cell trait and disease in Tanzania using quantitative phase imaging. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31698. [PMID: 27546097 PMCID: PMC4992839 DOI: 10.1038/srep31698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is common across Sub-Saharan Africa. However, the investigation of SCD in this area has been significantly limited mainly due to the lack of research facilities and skilled personnel. Here, we present optical measurements of individual red blood cells from healthy individuals and individuals with SCD and sickle cell trait in Tanzania using the quantitative phase imaging technique. By employing a quantitative phase imaging unit, an existing microscope in a clinic is transformed into a powerful quantitative phase microscope providing measurements on the morphological, biochemical, and biomechanical properties of individual cells. The present approach will open up new opportunities for cost-effective investigation and diagnosis of several diseases in low resource environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- JaeHwang Jung
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Lucas E Matemba
- National Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box 476, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - KyeoReh Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Paul E Kazyoba
- National Institute for Medical Research, 3 Barack Obama Drive, P.O. Box 9653, 11101 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Jonghee Yoon
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Julius J Massaga
- National Institute for Medical Research, 3 Barack Obama Drive, P.O. Box 9653, 11101 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Kyoohyun Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Kim
- Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Bioengineering, P.O. Box 447 Arusha, Tanzania
| | - YongKeun Park
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,TomoCube, Inc., Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
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37
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Chen S, Li C, Zhu Y. Low-coherence wavelength shifting interferometry for high-speed quantitative phase imaging. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:3431-4. [PMID: 27472586 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.003431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We propose low-coherence wavelength shifting interferometry and demonstrate its application to quantitative phase imaging of dynamic specimens. By shifting the source wavelength, multiple interferograms of the sample can be acquired at different spectral bands. A sample phase is thus encoded in the phase step between consecutive acquisitions. For the particular case of four-band imaging, we show that the phase can be extracted with a modified Carré algorithm. We describe signal demodulation in detail and discuss its implication on system implementation. A swept laser-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer is used to demonstrate the technique for real-time imaging of live sperm cells at 62.5 Hz. The dynamic dry mass of the sperm head is measured with a full-scale error of ±2%, validating the technique's capability for high-sensitivity, high-speed quantitative phase imaging.
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38
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Vishnyakov G, Levin G, Minaev V, Latushko M, Nekrasov N, Pickalov V. Differential interference contrast tomography. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:3037-3040. [PMID: 27367095 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.003037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a new approach to optical tomography of phase objects that is referred to as differential interference contrast tomography (DICT). The main feature of DICT is that the result of tomographic reconstruction is a 3D DIC image. This image is described by partial derivative of 3D refractive index distribution in one direction. The DICT setup consists of a lateral shearing phase-shifting interference microscope with low-coherent LED illumination. To create projections of the sample at various illumination angles, an angular scanning beam was used. 3D DIC tomograms of a white blood cell are presented. The comparison between the reconstructed DIC tomogram slices and the conventional DIC images of the same sample at the same depths are also represented.
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39
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Godden TM, Muñiz-Piniella A, Claverley JD, Yacoot A, Humphry MJ. Phase calibration target for quantitative phase imaging with ptychography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:7679-7692. [PMID: 27137054 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.007679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) utilizes refractive index and thickness variations that lead to optical phase shifts. This gives contrast to images of transparent objects. In quantitative biology, phase images are used to accurately segment cells and calculate properties such as dry mass, volume and proliferation rate. The fidelity of the measured phase shifts is of critical importance in this field. However to date, there has been no standardized method for characterizing the performance of phase imaging systems. Consequently, there is an increasing need for protocols to test the performance of phase imaging systems using well-defined phase calibration and resolution targets. In this work, we present a candidate for a standardized phase resolution target, and measurement protocol for the determination of the transfer of spatial frequencies, and sensitivity of a phase imaging system. The target has been carefully designed to contain well-defined depth variations over a broadband range of spatial frequencies. In order to demonstrate the utility of the target, we measure quantitative phase images on a ptychographic microscope, and compare the measured optical phase shifts with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) topography maps and surface profile measurements from coherence scanning interferometry. The results show that ptychography has fully quantitative nanometer sensitivity in optical path differences over a broadband range of spatial frequencies for feature sizes ranging from micrometers to hundreds of micrometers.
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40
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Tian X, Yu W, Meng X, Sun A, Xue L, Liu C, Wang S. Real-time quantitative phase imaging based on transport of intensity equation with dual simultaneously recorded field of view. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:1427-1430. [PMID: 27192253 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.001427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Since quantitative phase distribution reflects both cellular shapes and conditions from another view, compared to traditional intensity observation, different quantitative phase microscopic methods are proposed for cellular detections. However, the transport of intensity equation-based approach not only presents phase, but also intensity, which attracts much attention. While classical transport of intensity equation needs multi-focal images which often cannot realize simultaneous phase measurement, in this Letter, to break through the limitation, a real-time quantitative phase imaging method using transport of intensity equation is proposed. Two identical CCD cameras are set at the binocular tubes to capture the same field of view but at different focal planes. With a double-frame algorithm assuming that the on-focal image is the average of over- and under-focal information, the proposed method is capable of calculating quantitative phase distributions of samples accurately and simultaneously indicating its potentialities in cellular real-time monitoring.
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41
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Jung J, Kim K, Yoon J, Park Y. Hyperspectral optical diffraction tomography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:2006-12. [PMID: 26906777 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.002006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present a novel microscopic technique for measuring wavelength-dependent three-dimensional (3-D) distributions of the refractive indices (RIs) of microscopic samples in the visible wavelengths. Employing 3-D quantitative phase microscopy techniques with a wavelength-swept source, 3-D RI tomograms were obtained in the range of 450 - 700 nm with a spectral resolution of a few nanometers. The capability of the technique was demonstrated by measuring the hyperspectral 3-D RI tomograms of polystyrene beads, human red blood cells, and hepatocytes. The results demonstrate the potential for label-free molecular specific 3-D tomography of biological samples.
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42
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Lee SY, Park HJ, Best-Popescu C, Jang S, Park YK. The Effects of Ethanol on the Morphological and Biochemical Properties of Individual Human Red Blood Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145327. [PMID: 26690915 PMCID: PMC4699194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the results of a study on the effects of ethanol exposure on human red blood cells (RBCs) using quantitative phase imaging techniques at the level of individual cells. Three-dimensional refractive index tomograms and dynamic membrane fluctuations of RBCs were measured using common-path diffraction optical tomography, from which morphological (volume, surface area, and sphericity); biochemical (hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and Hb content); and biomechanical (membrane fluctuation) parameters were retrieved at various concentrations of ethanol. RBCs exposed to the ethanol concentration of 0.1 and 0.3% v/v exhibited cell sphericities higher than those of normal cells. However, mean surface area and sphericity of RBCs in a lethal alcoholic condition (0.5% v/v) are not statistically different with those of healthy RBCs. Meanwhile, significant decreases of Hb content and concentration in RBC cytoplasm at the lethal condition were observed. Furthermore, dynamic fluctuation of RBC membranes increased significantly upon ethanol treatments, indicating ethanol-induced membrane fluidization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Yun Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Park
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Catherine Best-Popescu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Seongsoo Jang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Keun Park
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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43
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Tayebi B, Sharif F, Jafarfard MR, Kim DY. Double-field-of-view, quasi-common-path interferometer using Fourier domain multiplexing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:26825-26833. [PMID: 26480193 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.026825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present a quasi-common-path interferometer with a double field of view (FOV). The laser beam of an imaging system is separated into three parts using three mirrors; the first and second beams are used to image two different areas of a sample, while the third beam functions as a reference beam. The reference beam is prepared by making clear area in a sample and projecting it on an image sensor. A double FOV is obtained by Fourier domain multiplexing, whereby two interferometric images corresponding to two different areas of a sample are modulated with two different spatial carrier frequencies. The feasibility of this technique is experimentally demonstrated by imaging two different areas of a test target with a single image sensor.
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44
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Yoon J, Kim K, Park H, Choi C, Jang S, Park Y. Label-free characterization of white blood cells by measuring 3D refractive index maps. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:3865-75. [PMID: 26504637 PMCID: PMC4605046 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.003865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of white blood cells (WBCs) is crucial for blood analyses and disease diagnoses. However, current standard techniques rely on cell labeling, a process which imposes significant limitations. Here we present three-dimensional (3D) optical measurements and the label-free characterization of mouse WBCs using optical diffraction tomography. 3D refractive index (RI) tomograms of individual WBCs are constructed from multiple two-dimensional quantitative phase images of samples illuminated at various angles of incidence. Measurements of the 3D RI tomogram of WBCs enable the separation of heterogeneous populations of WBCs using quantitative morphological and biochemical information. Time-lapse tomographic measurements also provide the 3D trajectory of micrometer-sized beads ingested by WBCs. These results demonstrate that optical diffraction tomography can be a useful and versatile tool for the study of WBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghee Yoon
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Kyoohyun Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - HyunJoo Park
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Chulhee Choi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Seongsoo Jang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | - YongKeun Park
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
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45
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Mahajan S, Trivedi V, Vora P, Chhaniwal V, Javidi B, Anand A. Highly stable digital holographic microscope using Sagnac interferometer. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:3743-3746. [PMID: 26274649 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.003743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Interferometric microscopy has grown into a very potent tool for quantitative phase imaging of biological samples. Among the interfermetric methods, microscopy by digital holography is one of the most effective techniques, especially for studying dynamics of cells. Imaging of cell fluctuations requires digital holographic setups with high temporal stability. Common path setups in which the object and the reference beams encounter the same set of optical elements provide better temporal stability compared to two-beam setups. Here, we present a compact, easy-to-implement, common path digital holographic microscope based on Sagnac interferometer geometry. The microscope is implemented using a diode laser module employing a CCD array or a webcam sensor to record holograms. The system was tested for three-dimensional imaging capability, numerical focusing ability, and temporal stability. Sub-nanometer temporal stability without external vibration isolation components was obtained in both cases. The higher temporal stability makes the microscope compatible to image cell fluctuations, which is demonstrated by imaging the oscillation of the cell membrane of human red blood cells.
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46
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Kim Y, Shim H, Kim K, Park H, Heo JH, Yoon J, Choi C, Jang S, Park Y. Common-path diffraction optical tomography for investigation of three-dimensional structures and dynamics of biological cells: erratum. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:18996. [PMID: 26367562 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.018996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An erratum is presented to correct a typographical error on Fig. 1 in [Opt. Express 22(9), 10398 (2014)].
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Lim J, Lee K, Jin KH, Shin S, Lee S, Park Y, Ye JC. Comparative study of iterative reconstruction algorithms for missing cone problems in optical diffraction tomography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:16933-48. [PMID: 26191704 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.016933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In optical tomography, there exist certain spatial frequency components that cannot be measured due to the limited projection angles imposed by the numerical aperture of objective lenses. This limitation, often called as the missing cone problem, causes the under-estimation of refractive index (RI) values in tomograms and results in severe elongations of RI distributions along the optical axis. To address this missing cone problem, several iterative reconstruction algorithms have been introduced exploiting prior knowledge such as positivity in RI differences or edges of samples. In this paper, various existing iterative reconstruction algorithms are systematically compared for mitigating the missing cone problem in optical diffraction tomography. In particular, three representative regularization schemes, edge preserving, total variation regularization, and the Gerchberg-Papoulis algorithm, were numerically and experimentally evaluated using spherical beads as well as real biological samples; human red blood cells and hepatocyte cells. Our work will provide important guidelines for choosing the appropriate regularization in ODT.
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48
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Jo Y, Jung J, Kim MH, Park H, Kang SJ, Park Y. Label-free identification of individual bacteria using Fourier transform light scattering. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:15792-805. [PMID: 26193558 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.015792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Rapid identification of bacterial species is crucial in medicine and food hygiene. In order to achieve rapid and label-free identification of bacterial species at the single bacterium level, we propose and experimentally demonstrate an optical method based on Fourier transform light scattering (FTLS) measurements and statistical classification. For individual rod-shaped bacteria belonging to four bacterial species (Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus casei, and Bacillus subtilis), two-dimensional angle-resolved light scattering maps are precisely measured using FTLS technique. The scattering maps are then systematically analyzed, employing statistical classification in order to extract the unique fingerprint patterns for each species, so that a new unidentified bacterium can be identified by a single light scattering measurement. The single-bacterial and label-free nature of our method suggests wide applicability for rapid point-of-care bacterial diagnosis.
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49
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Park H, Hong SH, Kim K, Cho SH, Lee WJ, Kim Y, Lee SE, Park Y. Characterizations of individual mouse red blood cells parasitized by Babesia microti using 3-D holographic microscopy. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10827. [PMID: 26039793 PMCID: PMC4650620 DOI: 10.1038/srep10827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Babesia microti causes “emergency” human babesiosis. However, little is known about the alterations in B. microti invaded red blood cells (Bm-RBCs) at the individual cell level. Through quantitative phase imaging techniques based on laser interferometry, we present the simultaneous measurements of structural, chemical, and mechanical modifications in individual mouse Bm-RBCs. 3-D refractive index maps of individual RBCs and in situ parasite vacuoles are imaged, from which total contents and concentration of dry mass are also precisely quantified. In addition, we examine the dynamic membrane fluctuation of Bm-RBCs, which provide information on cell membrane deformability.
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Affiliation(s)
- HyunJoo Park
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Hong
- Division of Malaria &Parasitic Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control &Prevention, Chungbuk 363-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoohyun Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Hyeong Cho
- Division of Malaria &Parasitic Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control &Prevention, Chungbuk 363-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ja Lee
- Division of Malaria &Parasitic Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control &Prevention, Chungbuk 363-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngchan Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- Division of Malaria &Parasitic Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control &Prevention, Chungbuk 363-951, Republic of Korea
| | - YongKeun Park
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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50
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Godavarthi C, Zhang T, Maire G, Chaumet PC, Giovannini H, Talneau A, Belkebir K, Sentenac A. Superresolution with full-polarized tomographic diffractive microscopy. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2015; 32:287-292. [PMID: 26366601 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.32.000287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Tomographic diffractive microscopy is a three-dimensional imaging technique that reconstructs the permittivity map of the probed sample from its scattered field, measured both in phase and in amplitude. Here, we detail how polarization-resolved measurements permit us to significantly improve the accuracy and the resolution of the reconstructions, compared to the conventional scalar treatments used so far. An isotropic transverse resolution of about 100 nm at a wavelength of 475 nm is demonstrated using this approach.
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