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Kmetík M, Kopal I, Král M, Dendisová M. Characterization of Modified PVDF Membranes Using Fourier Transform Infrared and Raman Microscopy and Infrared Nanoimaging: Challenges and Advantages of Individual Methods. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:24685-24694. [PMID: 38882160 PMCID: PMC11170652 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Polymer materials are integral to diverse scientific fields, including chemical engineering and biochemical research, as well as analytical and physical chemistry. This study focuses on the characterization of modified poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes from both physical and chemical perspectives. Unfortunately, current surface characterization methods face various challenges when simultaneously measuring diverse material properties such as morphology and chemical composition. Addressing this issue, we introduce infrared scattering scanning near-field optical microscopy (IR-sSNOM), a modern technique with the ability to overcome limitations and provide simultaneous topographical, mechanical, and chemical information. We demonstrate the capabilities of IR-sSNOM for investigation of four samples of PVDF membranes modified with 2-(methacryloyloxyethyl)trimethylammonium iodide and/or methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine in various ratios. These membranes, desirable for their specific properties, represent a challenging material for analysis due to their thermal instability and mechanical vulnerability. Employing Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microscopy, IR-sSNOM, and Raman microscopy, we successfully overcame these challenges by carefully selecting the experimental parameters and performing detailed characterization of the polymer samples. Valuable insights into morphological and chemical homogeneity, the abundance of modifying side chains, and the distribution of different crystal phases of PVDF were obtained. Most notably, the presence of modifying side chains was confirmed by FTIR microscopy, the Raman spectral mapping revealed the distribution of crystalline phases of the studied polymer, and the IR-sSNOM showed the abundance of chemically diverse aggregates on the surface of the membranes, thanks to the unique nanometer-scale resolution and chemical sensitivity of this technique. This comprehensive approach represents a powerful toolset for characterization of polymeric materials at the nano- and microscale. We believe that this methodology can be applied to similar samples, provided that their thermal stability is considered, opening avenues for detailed exploration of physical and chemical properties in various scientific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matěj Kmetík
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Kopal
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Král
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Dendisová
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
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2
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Milekhin I, Anikin K, Kurus NN, Mansurov VG, Malin TV, Zhuravlev KS, Milekhin AG, Latyshev AV, Zahn DRT. Local phonon imaging of AlN nanostructures with nanoscale spatial resolution. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:2820-2830. [PMID: 37205283 PMCID: PMC10187024 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00054k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate local phonon analysis of single AlN nanocrystals by two complementary imaging spectroscopic techniques: tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) and nano-Fourier transform infrared (nano-FTIR) spectroscopy. Strong surface optical (SO) phonon modes appear in the TERS spectra with their intensities revealing a weak polarization dependence. The local electric field enhancement stemming from the plasmon mode of the TERS tip modifies the phonon response of the sample, making the SO mode dominate over other phonon modes. The TERS imaging allows the spatial localization of the SO mode to be visualized. We were able to probe the angle anisotropy on the SO phonon modes in AlN nanocrystals with nanoscale spatial resolution. The excitation geometry and the local nanostructure surface profile determine the frequency position of SO modes in nano-FTIR spectra. An analytical calculation explains the behaviour of SO mode frequencies vs. tip position with respect to the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Milekhin
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology D-09107 Chemnitz Germany
- Center for Materials, Architectures, and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology Chemnitz Germany
- A.V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics pr. Lavrentieva, 13 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State University Pirogov, 1 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Kirill Anikin
- A.V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics pr. Lavrentieva, 13 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Nina N Kurus
- A.V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics pr. Lavrentieva, 13 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Vladimir G Mansurov
- A.V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics pr. Lavrentieva, 13 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Timur V Malin
- A.V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics pr. Lavrentieva, 13 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Konstantin S Zhuravlev
- A.V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics pr. Lavrentieva, 13 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Alexander G Milekhin
- A.V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics pr. Lavrentieva, 13 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State University Pirogov, 1 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Alexander V Latyshev
- A.V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics pr. Lavrentieva, 13 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State University Pirogov, 1 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Dietrich R T Zahn
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology D-09107 Chemnitz Germany
- Center for Materials, Architectures, and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology Chemnitz Germany
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de Oliveira R, Cadore AR, Freitas RO, Barcelos ID. Review on infrared nanospectroscopy of natural 2D phyllosilicates. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2023; 40:C157-C168. [PMID: 37132988 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.482518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Phyllosilicates have emerged as a promising class of large bandgap lamellar insulators. Their applications have been explored from the fabrication of graphene-based devices to 2D heterostructures based on transition metal dichalcogenides with enhanced optical and polaritonics properties. In this review, we provide an overview of the use of infrared (IR) scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) for studying nano-optics and local chemistry of a variety of 2D natural phyllosilicates. Finally, we bring a brief update on applications that combine natural lamellar minerals into multifunctional nanophotonic devices driven by electrical control.
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Koczoń P, Hołaj-Krzak JT, Palani BK, Bolewski T, Dąbrowski J, Bartyzel BJ, Gruczyńska-Sękowska E. The Analytical Possibilities of FT-IR Spectroscopy Powered by Vibrating Molecules. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021013. [PMID: 36674526 PMCID: PMC9860999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper discusses the state of advancement in the development of spectroscopic methods based on the use of mid (proper) infrared radiation in the context of applications in various fields of science and technology. The authors drew attention to the most important solutions specific to both spectroscopy itself (ATR technique) and chemometric data processing tools (PCA and PLS models). The objective of the current paper is to collect and consistently present information on various aspects of FT-IR spectroscopy, which is not only a well-known and well-established method but is also continuously developing. The innovative aspect of the current review is to show FT-IR's great versatility that allows its applications to solve and explain issues from both the scientific domain (e.g., hydrogen bonds) and practical ones (e.g., technological processes, medicine, environmental protection, and food analysis). Particular attention was paid to the issue of hydrogen bonds as key non-covalent interactions, conditioning the existence of living matter and determining the number of physicochemical properties of various materials. Since the role of FT-IR spectroscopy in the field of hydrogen bond research has great significance, a historical outline of the most important qualitative and quantitative hydrogen bond theories is provided. In addition, research on selected unconventional spectral effects resulting from the substitution of protons with deuterons in hydrogen bridges is presented. The state-of-the-art and originality of the current review are that it presents a combination of uses of FT-IR spectroscopy to explain the way molecules vibrate and the effects of those vibrations on macroscopic properties, hence practical applications of given substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Koczoń
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub T. Hołaj-Krzak
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences—National Research Institute, 3 Hrabska Ave., Falenty, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland
| | - Bharani K. Palani
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tymoteusz Bolewski
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences—National Research Institute, 3 Hrabska Ave., Falenty, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland
| | - Jarosław Dąbrowski
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences—National Research Institute, 3 Hrabska Ave., Falenty, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej J. Bartyzel
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eliza Gruczyńska-Sękowska
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Broadband Near-Field Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Imaging with a Laser-Driven Light Source. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9020097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscope (s-SNOM) has become a powerful imaging and nano-spectroscopy tool, which is widely used in the characterization of electronic and photonic devices, two-dimensional materials and biomolecules. However, in the published literature, nano-spectroscopy is mainly employed in the mid-infrared band, and the near-infrared (NIR) nano-spectroscopy with broadband spectral range has not been well discussed. In the present paper, we introduce a home-built near-field NIR spectroscopy and imaging set-up that is based on a laser-driven light source (LDLS). By mapping the Ge-Au periodic grating sample and the photonic topology device, a ~30 nm spatial resolution and the excellent capability of characterizing complex samples are demonstrated. Spectra obtained by experiment reveal the optical band-gap of Ge with a spectral resolution of 25 cm−1, and a spectral range from 900 to 2000 nm. This technology is expected to provide a novel and unique approach for near-field NIR spectroscopy and imaging.
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Grasseschi D, Bahamon DA, Maia FCB, Barcelos ID, Freitas RO, de Matos CJS. Van der Waals materials as dielectric layers for tailoring the near-field photonic response of surfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:255-264. [PMID: 35201204 DOI: 10.1364/oe.445066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Epsilon near-zero photonics and surface polariton nanophotonics have become major fields within optics, leading to unusual and enhanced light-matter interaction. Specific dielectric responses are required in both cases, which can be achieved, e.g., via operation near a material's electronic or phononic resonance. However, this condition restricts operation to a specific, narrow frequency range. It has been shown that using a thin dielectric layer can adjust the dielectric response of a surface and, therefore, the operating frequency for achieving specific photonic excitations. Here, we show that a surface's optical properties can be tuned via the deposition/transference of ultra-thin layered van der Waals (vdW) crystals, the thicknesses of which can easily be adjusted to provide the desired response. In particular, we experimentally and theoretically show that the surface phonon resonance of a silica surface can be tuned by ∼50 cm-1 through the simple deposition of nanometer-thick exfoliated flakes of black phosphorus. The surface properties were probed by infrared nanospectroscopy, and results show a close agreement with the theory. The black phosphorus-silica layered structure effectively acts as a surface with a tunable effective dielectric constant that presents an infrared response dependent on the black phosphorus thickness. In contrast, with a lower dielectric constant, hexagonal boron nitride does not significantly tune the silica surface phonon polariton. Our approach also applies to epsilon near-zero surfaces, as theoretically shown, and to polaritonic surfaces operating at other optical ranges.
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Nano-FTIR spectroscopic identification of prebiotic carbonyl compounds in Dominion Range 08006 carbonaceous chondrite. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11656. [PMID: 34079034 PMCID: PMC8172632 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91200-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Meteorites contain organic matter that may have contributed to the origin of life on Earth. Carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes and carboxylic acids, which occur in meteorites, may be precursors of biologically necessary organic materials in the solar system. Therefore, such organic matter is of astrobiological importance and their detection and characterization can contribute to the understanding of the early solar system as well as the origin of life. Most organic matter is typically sub-micrometer in size, and organic nanoglobules are even smaller (50–300 nm). Novel analytical techniques with nanoscale spatial resolution are required to detect and characterize organic matter within extraterrestrial materials. Most techniques require powdered samples, consume the material, and lose petrographic context of organics. Here, we report the detection of nanoglobular aldehyde and carboxylic acids in a highly primitive carbonaceous chondrite (DOM 08006) with ~ 20 nm spatial resolution using nano-FTIR spectroscopy. Such organic matter is found within the matrix of DOM 08006 and is typically 50–300 nm in size. We also show petrographic context and nanoscale morphologic/topographic features of the organic matter. Our results indicate that prebiotic carbonyl nanoglobules can form in a less aqueous and relatively elevated temperature-environment (220–230 °C) in a carbonaceous parent body.
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Zhong J, Liu Y, Ren J, Tang Y, Qi Z, Zhou X, Chen X, Shao Z, Chen M, Kaplan DL, Ling S. Understanding Secondary Structures of Silk Materials via Micro- and Nano-Infrared Spectroscopies. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:3161-3183. [PMID: 33405510 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The secondary structures (also termed conformations) of silk fibroin (SF) in animal silk fibers and regenerated SF materials are critical in determining mechanical performance and function of the materials. In order to understand the structure-mechanics-function relationships of silk materials, a variety of advanced infrared spectroscopic techniques, such as micro-infrared spectroscopies (micro-IR spectroscopies for short), synchrotron micro-IR spectroscopy, and nano-infrared spectroscopies (nano-IR spectroscopies for short), have been used to determine the conformations of SF in silk materials. These IR spectroscopic methods provide a useful toolkit to understand conformations and conformational transitions of SF in various silk materials with spatial resolution from the nano-scale to the micro-scale. In this Review, we first summarize progress in understanding the structure and structure-mechanics relationships of silk materials. We then discuss the state-of-the-art micro- and nano-IR spectroscopic techniques used for silk materials characterization. We also provide a systematic discussion of the strategies to collect high-quality spectra and the methods to analyze these spectra. Finally, we demonstrate the challenges and directions for future exploration of silk-based materials with IR spectroscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhong
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yawen Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jing Ren
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yuzhao Tang
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zeming Qi
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhou
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhengzhong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Min Chen
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Shengjie Ling
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
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Chen X, Hu D, Mescall R, You G, Basov DN, Dai Q, Liu M. Modern Scattering-Type Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscopy for Advanced Material Research. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1804774. [PMID: 30932221 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Infrared and optical spectroscopy represents one of the most informative methods in advanced materials research. As an important branch of modern optical techniques that has blossomed in the past decade, scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) promises deterministic characterization of optical properties over a broad spectral range at the nanoscale. It allows ultrabroadband optical (0.5-3000 µm) nanoimaging, and nanospectroscopy with fine spatial (<10 nm), spectral (<1 cm-1 ), and temporal (<10 fs) resolution. The history of s-SNOM is briefly introduced and recent advances which broaden the horizons of this technique in novel material research are summarized. In particular, this includes the pioneering efforts to study the nanoscale electrodynamic properties of plasmonic metamaterials, strongly correlated quantum materials, and polaritonic systems at room or cryogenic temperatures. Technical details, theoretical modeling, and new experimental methods are also discussed extensively, aiming to identify clear technology trends and unsolved challenges in this exciting field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhong Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Debo Hu
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ryan Mescall
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Guanjun You
- Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical Systems and Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Qing Dai
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Mengkun Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
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Lipatov A, Loes MJ, Lu H, Dai J, Patoka P, Vorobeva NS, Muratov DS, Ulrich G, Kästner B, Hoehl A, Ulm G, Zeng XC, Rühl E, Gruverman A, Dowben PA, Sinitskii A. Quasi-1D TiS 3 Nanoribbons: Mechanical Exfoliation and Thickness-Dependent Raman Spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2018; 12:12713-12720. [PMID: 30499656 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) materials enjoy growing interest due to their unusual physical properties and promise for miniature electronic devices. However, the mechanical exfoliation of quasi-1D materials into thin flakes and nanoribbons received considerably less attention from researchers than the exfoliation of conventional layered crystals. In this study, we investigated the micromechanical exfoliation of representative quasi-1D crystals, TiS3 whiskers, and demonstrate that they typically split into narrow nanoribbons with very smooth, straight edges and clear signatures of 1D TiS3 chains. Theoretical calculations show that the energies required for breaking weak interactions between the two-dimensional (2D) layers and between 1D chains within the layers are comparable and, in turn, are considerably lower than those required for breaking the covalent bonds within the chains. We also emulated macroscopic exfoliation experiments on the nanoscale by applying a local shear force to TiS3 crystals in different crystallographic directions using a tip of an atomic force microscopy (AFM) probe. In the AFM experiments, it was possible to slide the 2D TiS3 layers relative to each other as well as to remove selected 1D chains from the layers. We systematically studied the exfoliated TiS3 crystals by Raman spectroscopy and identified the Raman peaks whose spectral positions were most dependent on the crystals' thickness. These results could be used to distinguish between TiS3 crystals with thickness ranging from one to about seven monolayers. The conclusions established in this study for the exfoliated TiS3 crystals can be extended to a variety of transition metal trichalcogenide materials as well as other quasi-1D crystals. The possibility of exfoliation of TiS3 into narrow (few-nm wide) crystals with smooth edges could be important for the future realization of miniature device channels with reduced edge scattering of charge carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Lipatov
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , United States
| | - Michael J Loes
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , United States
| | - Haidong Lu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , United States
| | - Jun Dai
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , United States
| | - Piotr Patoka
- Physical Chemistry, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Nataliia S Vorobeva
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , United States
| | - Dmitry S Muratov
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , United States
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS" , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Georg Ulrich
- Physical Chemistry, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , 14195 Berlin , Germany
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) , Abbestraße 2-12 , 10587 Berlin , Germany
| | - Bernd Kästner
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) , Abbestraße 2-12 , 10587 Berlin , Germany
| | - Arne Hoehl
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) , Abbestraße 2-12 , 10587 Berlin , Germany
| | - Gerhard Ulm
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) , Abbestraße 2-12 , 10587 Berlin , Germany
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , United States
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , United States
| | - Eckart Rühl
- Physical Chemistry, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Alexei Gruverman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , United States
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , United States
| | - Peter A Dowben
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , United States
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , United States
| | - Alexander Sinitskii
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , United States
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , United States
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11
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Dendisová M, Jeništová A, Parchaňská-Kokaislová A, Matějka P, Prokopec V, Švecová M. The use of infrared spectroscopic techniques to characterize nanomaterials and nanostructures: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1031:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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12
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Stanic V, Maia FCB, Freitas RDO, Montoro FE, Evans-Lutterodt K. The chemical fingerprint of hair melanosomes by infrared nano-spectroscopy. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:14245-14253. [PMID: 30010172 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03146k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In situ characterization of the chemical and structural properties of black and white sheep hair was performed with a spatial resolution of 25 nm using infrared nano-spectroscopy. Comparing data sets from two types of hair allowed us to isolate the keratin FTIR fingerprint and so mark off chemical properties of the hair's melanosomes. From a polarization sensitive analysis of the nano-FTIR spectra, we showed that keratin intermediate filaments (IFs) present anisotropic molecular ordering. In stark contrast with white hair which does not contain melanosomes, in black hair, we spatially resolved single melanosomes and achieved unprecedented assignment of the vibrational modes of pheomelanin and eumelanin. The in situ experiment presented here avoids harsh chemical extractive methods used in previous studies. Our findings offer a basis for a better understanding of the keratin chemical and structural packing in different hair phenotypes as well as the involvement of melanosomes in hair color and biological functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Stanic
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, CNPEM, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Kenneth Evans-Lutterodt
- National Synchrotron Light Source - II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
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13
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Kästner B, Johnson CM, Hermann P, Kruskopf M, Pierz K, Hoehl A, Hornemann A, Ulrich G, Fehmel J, Patoka P, Rühl E, Ulm G. Infrared Nanospectroscopy of Phospholipid and Surfactin Monolayer Domains. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:4141-4147. [PMID: 30023886 PMCID: PMC6044929 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A main challenge in understanding the structure of a cell membrane and its interactions with drugs is the ability to chemically study the different molecular species on the nanoscale. We have achieved this for a model system consisting of mixed monolayers (MLs) of the biologically relevant phospholipid 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-phosphatidylcholine and the antibiotic surfactin. By employing nano-infrared (IR) microscopy and spectroscopy in combination with atomic force microscopy imaging, it was possible to identify and chemically detect domain formation of the two constituents as well as to obtain IR spectra of these species with a spatial resolution on the nanoscale. A novel method to enhance the near-field imaging contrast of organic MLs by plasmon interferometry is proposed and demonstrated. In this technique, the organic layer is deposited on gold and ML graphene substrates, the latter of which supports propagating surface plasmons. Plasmon reflections arising from changes in the dielectric environment provided by the organic layer lead to an additional contrast mechanism. Using this approach, the interfacial region between surfactin and the phospholipid has been mapped and a transition region is identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Kästner
- Physikalisch-Technische
Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
- E-mail: (B.K.)
| | - C. Magnus Johnson
- Department
of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Hermann
- Physikalisch-Technische
Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mattias Kruskopf
- Physikalisch-Technische
Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Klaus Pierz
- Physikalisch-Technische
Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Arne Hoehl
- Physikalisch-Technische
Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Hornemann
- Physikalisch-Technische
Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Ulrich
- Physikalisch-Technische
Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakob Fehmel
- Physikalisch-Technische
Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Piotr Patoka
- Physikalische
Chemie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eckart Rühl
- Physikalische
Chemie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerhard Ulm
- Physikalisch-Technische
Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
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14
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Freitas RO, Deneke C, Maia FCB, Medeiros HG, Moreno T, Dumas P, Petroff Y, Westfahl H. Low-aberration beamline optics for synchrotron infrared nanospectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:11238-11249. [PMID: 29716048 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.011238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Synchrotron infrared nanospectroscopy is a recently developed technique that enables new possibilities in the broadband chemical analysis of materials in the nanoscale, far beyond the diffraction limit in this frequency domain. Synchrotron infrared ports have exploited mainly the high brightness advantage provided by electron storage rings across the whole infrared range. However, optical aberrations in the beam produced by the source depth of bending magnet emission at large angles prevent infrared nanospectroscopy to reach its maximum capability. In this work we present a low-aberration optical layout specially designed and constructed for a dedicated synchrotron infrared nanospectroscopy beamline. We report excellent agreement between simulated beam profiles (from standard wave propagation and raytracing optics simulations) with experimental measurements. We report an important improvement in the infrared nanospectroscopy experiment related to the improved beamline optics. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of the nanospectroscopy endstation by measuring a hyperspectral image of a polar material and we evaluate the setup sensitivity by measuring ultra-thin polymer films down to 6 nm thick.
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15
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Lahneman DJ, Huffman TJ, Xu P, Wang SL, Grogan T, Qazilbash MM. Broadband near-field infrared spectroscopy with a high temperature plasma light source. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:20421-20430. [PMID: 29041723 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.020421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (S-SNOM) has enormous potential as a spectroscopy tool in the infrared spectral range where it can probe phonon resonances and carrier dynamics at the nanometer lengths scales. However, its applicability is limited by the lack of practical and affordable table-top light sources emitting intense broadband infrared radiation in the 100 cm-1 to 2,500 cm-1 spectral range. This paper introduces a high temperature plasma light source that is both ultra-broadband and has much more radiant power in the infrared spectral range than conventional, table-top thermal light sources such as the globar. We implement this plasma lamp in our near-field optical spectroscopy set up and demonstrate its capability as a broadband infrared nano-spectroscopy light source by obtaining near-field infrared amplitude and phase spectra of the phonon resonances of SiO2 and SrTiO3.
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16
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Freitas RO, Maia FCB, Deneke C, Moreno T, Dumas P, Westfahl H, Petroff Y. Infrared Nanospectroscopy at the LNLS: Current Status and Ongoing Developments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/08940886.2017.1338420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raul O. Freitas
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco C. B. Maia
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christoph Deneke
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Fisica Aplicada, Instituto de Fisica “Gleb Wataghin,” Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paul Dumas
- SOLEIL Synchrotron, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Harry Westfahl
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yves Petroff
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Hermann P, Kästner B, Hoehl A, Kashcheyevs V, Patoka P, Ulrich G, Feikes J, Ries M, Tydecks T, Beckhoff B, Rühl E, Ulm G. Enhancing the sensitivity of nano-FTIR spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:16574-16588. [PMID: 28789160 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.016574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Synchrotron radiation-based nano-FTIR spectroscopy utilizes the highly brilliant and ultra-broadband infrared (IR) radiation provided by electron storage rings for the infrared spectroscopic characterization of samples at the nanoscale. In order to exploit the full potential of this approach we investigated the influence of the properties of the radiation source, such as the electron bunch shape and spectral bandwidth of the emitted radiation, on near-field infrared spectra of silicon-carbide (SiC). The adapted configuration of the storage ring optics enables a modification of the transverse electron bunch profile allowing an increase of the measured near-field signal amplitude. Additionally, the decay of the signal amplitude due to the decreasing storage ring current is also eliminated. Further options for improving the sensitivity of nano-FTIR spectroscopy, which can also be applied to other broadband radiation sources, are the adaption of the spectral bandwidth to the wavelength range of interest or the use of polarization optics. The sensitivity enhancement emerging from these options is verified by comparing near-field spectra collected from crystalline SiC samples. The improvement in sensitivity by combining these approaches is demonstrated by acquiring nano-FTIR spectra from thin organic films, which show weak resonances in the IR-regime.
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18
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Hyperspectral infrared nanoimaging of organic samples based on Fourier transform infrared nanospectroscopy. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14402. [PMID: 28198384 PMCID: PMC5316859 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Infrared nanospectroscopy enables novel possibilities for chemical and structural analysis of nanocomposites, biomaterials or optoelectronic devices. Here we introduce hyperspectral infrared nanoimaging based on Fourier transform infrared nanospectroscopy with a tunable bandwidth-limited laser continuum. We describe the technical implementations and present hyperspectral infrared near-field images of about 5,000 pixel, each one covering the spectral range from 1,000 to 1,900 cm−1. To verify the technique and to demonstrate its application potential, we imaged a three-component polymer blend and a melanin granule in a human hair cross-section, and demonstrate that multivariate data analysis can be applied for extracting spatially resolved chemical information. Particularly, we demonstrate that distribution and chemical interaction between the polymer components can be mapped with a spatial resolution of about 30 nm. We foresee wide application potential of hyperspectral infrared nanoimaging for valuable chemical materials characterization and quality control in various fields ranging from materials sciences to biomedicine. In hyperspectral imaging a broadband spectrum is recorded at each pixel, which creates information-rich images. Here, the authors combine this concept with Fourier transform infrared nanospectroscopy to achieve 5,000-pixel, nanoscale-resolution images at wavelengths between 5 and 10 micrometres.
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19
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Wu CY, Wolf WJ, Levartovsky Y, Bechtel HA, Martin MC, Toste FD, Gross E. High-spatial-resolution mapping of catalytic reactions on single particles. Nature 2017; 541:511-515. [DOI: 10.1038/nature20795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Hermelink A, Naumann D, Piesker J, Lasch P, Laue M, Hermann P. Towards a correlative approach for characterising single virus particles by transmission electron microscopy and nanoscale Raman spectroscopy. Analyst 2017; 142:1342-1349. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an02151d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The morphology and structure of biological nanoparticles, such as viruses, can be efficiently analysed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Hermelink
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens – Proteomics and Spectroscopy (ZBS6)
- Robert Koch-Institute
- 13353 Berlin
- Germany
| | - D. Naumann
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens – Proteomics and Spectroscopy (ZBS6)
- Robert Koch-Institute
- 13353 Berlin
- Germany
| | - J. Piesker
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens – Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy (ZBS4)
- Robert Koch-Institute
- 13353 Berlin
- Germany
| | - P. Lasch
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens – Proteomics and Spectroscopy (ZBS6)
- Robert Koch-Institute
- 13353 Berlin
- Germany
| | - M. Laue
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens – Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy (ZBS4)
- Robert Koch-Institute
- 13353 Berlin
- Germany
| | - P. Hermann
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens – Proteomics and Spectroscopy (ZBS6)
- Robert Koch-Institute
- 13353 Berlin
- Germany
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
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21
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Caillaud C, Gilles C, Provino L, Brilland L, Jouan T, Ferre S, Carras M, Brun M, Mechin D, Adam JL, Troles J. Highly birefringent chalcogenide optical fiber for polarization-maintaining in the 3-8.5 µm mid-IR window. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:7977-7986. [PMID: 27137239 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.007977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A highly birefringent polarization-maintaining chalcogenide microstructured optical fiber (MOF) covering the 3-8.5 µm wavelength range has been realized for the first time. The fiber cross-section consists of 3 rings of circular air holes with 2 larger holes adjacent to the core. Birefringence properties are calculated by using the vector finite-element method and are compared to the experimental ones. The group birefringence is 1.5x10-3 and fiber losses are equal to 0.8 dB/m at 7.55 µm.
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22
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Patoka P, Ulrich G, Nguyen AE, Bartels L, Dowben PA, Turkowski V, Rahman TS, Hermann P, Kästner B, Hoehl A, Ulm G, Rühl E. Nanoscale plasmonic phenomena in CVD-grown MoS(2) monolayer revealed by ultra-broadband synchrotron radiation based nano-FTIR spectroscopy and near-field microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:1154-1164. [PMID: 26832499 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.001154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale plasmonic phenomena observed in single and bi-layers of molybdenum disulfide (MoS(2)) on silicon dioxide (SiO(2)) are reported. A scattering type scanning near-field optical microscope (s-SNOM) with a broadband synchrotron radiation (SR) infrared source was used. We also present complementary optical mapping using tunable CO(2)-laser radiation. Specifically, there is a correlation of the topography of well-defined MoS(2) islands grown by chemical vapor deposition, as determined by atomic force microscopy, with the infrared (IR) signature of MoS(2). The influence of MoS(2) islands on the SiO(2) phonon resonance is discussed. The results reveal the plasmonic character of the MoS(2) structures and their interaction with the SiO(2) phonons leading to an enhancement of the hybridized surface plasmon-phonon mode. A theoretical analysis shows that, in the case of monolayer islands, the coupling of the MoS(2) optical plasmon mode to the SiO(2) surface phonons does not affect the infrared spectrum significantly. For two-layer MoS(2), the coupling of the extra inter-plane acoustic plasmon mode with the SiO(2) surface transverse phonon leads to a remarkable increase of the surface phonon peak at 794 cm(-1). This is in agreement with the experimental data. These results show the capability of the s-SNOM technique to study local multiple excitations in complex non-homogeneous structures.
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23
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Pollard B, Maia FCB, Raschke MB, Freitas RO. Infrared Vibrational Nanospectroscopy by Self-Referenced Interferometry. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:55-61. [PMID: 26654680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Infrared vibrational scattering scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) has emerged as a new frontier in imaging science due to its potential to provide nanoscale spatially resolved chemical spectroscopy for the investigation of molecular, soft-matter, and biological materials. As a phase-sensitive technique able to yield the full complex dielectric function of materials, different interferometric schemes have been developed involving asymmetric interferometry between sample and reference arms. In this work, we take advantage of a greatly simplified symmetric geometry that uses the spatially coherent background scattered light from within the confocal sample volume as a reference field for signal amplification in both self-homodyne and self-heterodyne interferometry. On the basis of a simple model for tip-sample scattering and interferometric detection, we demonstrate the measurement of the vibrational response of molecular materials in good agreement with established values. In addition to a compact design, enhanced signal levels, and a reduced sensitivity to fluctuations and drift, including those from the light source, self-referenced interferometry brings benefits for routine s-SNOM chemical spectroscopy, remaining robust even under a wide range of challenging experimental environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pollard
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and Joint Institute for Lab Astrophysics (JILA), University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Francisco C B Maia
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory , Campinas, 13083-100 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Markus B Raschke
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and Joint Institute for Lab Astrophysics (JILA), University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Raul O Freitas
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory , Campinas, 13083-100 São Paulo, Brazil
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24
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Levratovsky Y, Gross E. High spatial resolution mapping of chemically-active self-assembled N-heterocyclic carbenes on Pt nanoparticles. Faraday Discuss 2016; 188:345-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fd00194c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The properties of many functional materials critically depend on the spatial distribution of surface active sites. In the case of solid catalysts, the geometric and electronic properties of different surface sites will directly impact their catalytic properties. However, the detection of catalytic sites at the single nanoparticle level cannot be easily achieved and most spectroscopic measurements are performed with ensemble-based measurements in which the reactivity is averaged over millions of nanoparticles. It is hereby demonstrated that chemically-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene molecules can be attached to the surfaces of Pt nanoparticles and utilized as a model system for studying catalytic reactions on single metallic nanoparticles. The formation of a carbene self-assembled layer on the surface of a Pt nanoparticle and its stability under oxidizing conditions were investigated. IR nanospectroscopy measurements detected the chemical properties of surface-anchored molecules on single nanoparticles. A direct correlation was identified between IR nanospectroscopy measurements and macroscopic ATR-IR measurements. These results demonstrate that high spatial resolution mapping of the catalytic reactivity on single nanoparticles can be achieved with this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Levratovsky
- Institute of Chemistry and the Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- Jerusalem 91904
- Israel
| | - E. Gross
- Institute of Chemistry and the Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- Jerusalem 91904
- Israel
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25
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O'Callahan BT, Lewis WE, Möbius S, Stanley JC, Muller EA, Raschke MB. Broadband infrared vibrational nano-spectroscopy using thermal blackbody radiation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:32063-32074. [PMID: 26698997 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.032063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Infrared vibrational nano-spectroscopy based on scattering scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) provides intrinsic chemical specificity with nanometer spatial resolution. Here we use incoherent infrared radiation from a 1400 K thermal blackbody emitter for broadband infrared (IR) nano-spectroscopy. With optimized interferometric heterodyne signal amplification we achieve few-monolayer sensitivity in phonon polariton spectroscopy and attomolar molecular vibrational spectroscopy. Near-field localization and nanoscale spatial resolution is demonstrated in imaging flakes of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and determination of its phonon polariton dispersion relation. The signal-to-noise ratio calculations and analysis for different samples and illumination sources provide a reference for irradiance requirements and the attainable near-field signal levels in s-SNOM in general. The use of a thermal emitter as an IR source thus opens s-SNOM for routine chemical FTIR nano-spectroscopy.
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26
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Ni GX, Wang H, Wu JS, Fei Z, Goldflam MD, Keilmann F, Özyilmaz B, Castro Neto AH, Xie XM, Fogler MM, Basov DN. Plasmons in graphene moiré superlattices. NATURE MATERIALS 2015; 14:1217-22. [PMID: 26413987 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Moiré patterns are periodic superlattice structures that appear when two crystals with a minor lattice mismatch are superimposed. A prominent recent example is that of monolayer graphene placed on a crystal of hexagonal boron nitride. As a result of the moiré pattern superlattice created by this stacking, the electronic band structure of graphene is radically altered, acquiring satellite sub-Dirac cones at the superlattice zone boundaries. To probe the dynamical response of the moiré graphene, we use infrared (IR) nano-imaging to explore propagation of surface plasmons, collective oscillations of electrons coupled to IR light. We show that interband transitions associated with the superlattice mini-bands in concert with free electrons in the Dirac bands produce two additive contributions to composite IR plasmons in graphene moiré superstructures. This novel form of collective modes is likely to be generic to other forms of moiré-forming superlattices, including van der Waals heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- G X Ni
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - H Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road Shanghai 200050, China
| | - J S Wu
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Z Fei
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - M D Goldflam
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - F Keilmann
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität and Center for Nanoscience, 80539 München, Germany
| | - B Özyilmaz
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - A H Castro Neto
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - X M Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road Shanghai 200050, China
| | - M M Fogler
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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27
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Barcelos ID, Cadore AR, Campos LC, Malachias A, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Maia FCB, Freitas R, Deneke C. Graphene/h-BN plasmon-phonon coupling and plasmon delocalization observed by infrared nano-spectroscopy. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:11620-11625. [PMID: 26091534 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr01056j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We observed the coupling of graphene Dirac plasmons with different surfaces using scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy integrated into a mid-infrared synchrotron-based beamline. A systematic investigation of a graphene/hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) heterostructure is carried out and compared with the well-known graphene/SiO2 heterostructure. Broadband infrared scanning near-field optical microscopy imaging is able to distinguish between the graphene/h-BN and the graphene/SiO2 heterostructure as well as differentiate between graphene stacks with different numbers of layers. Based on synchrotron infrared nanospectroscopy experiments, we observe a coupling of surface plasmons of graphene and phonon polaritons of h-BN (SPPP). An enhancement of the optical band at 817 cm(-1) is observed at graphene/h-BN heterostructures as a result of hybridization between graphene plasmons and longitudinal optical phonons of h-BN. Furthermore, longitudinal optical h-BN modes are preserved on suspended graphene regions (bubbles) where the graphene sheet is tens of nanometers away from the surface while the amplitude of transverse optical h-BN modes decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid D Barcelos
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 30123-970 - Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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28
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Yamamoto K, Flesch R, Ohigashi T, Hedtrich S, Klossek A, Patoka P, Ulrich G, Ahlberg S, Rancan F, Vogt A, Blume-Peytavi U, Schrade P, Bachmann S, Schäfer-Korting M, Kosugi N, Rühl E. Selective Probing of the Penetration of Dexamethasone into Human Skin by Soft X-ray Spectromicroscopy. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6173-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Yamamoto
- Physikalische
Chemie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Takustrasse
3, Germany
| | - R. Flesch
- Physikalische
Chemie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Takustrasse
3, Germany
| | - T. Ohigashi
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji,
Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - S. Hedtrich
- Institut
für Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Klossek
- Physikalische
Chemie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Takustrasse
3, Germany
| | - P. Patoka
- Physikalische
Chemie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Takustrasse
3, Germany
| | - G. Ulrich
- Physikalische
Chemie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Takustrasse
3, Germany
| | - S. Ahlberg
- Klinisches
Forschungszentrum für Haut-und Haarforschung, Charité Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - F. Rancan
- Klinisches
Forschungszentrum für Haut-und Haarforschung, Charité Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Vogt
- Klinisches
Forschungszentrum für Haut-und Haarforschung, Charité Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - U. Blume-Peytavi
- Klinisches
Forschungszentrum für Haut-und Haarforschung, Charité Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - P. Schrade
- Abteilung für
Elektronenmikroskopie at CVK, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Bachmann
- Abteilung für
Elektronenmikroskopie at CVK, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - N. Kosugi
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji,
Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - E. Rühl
- Physikalische
Chemie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Takustrasse
3, Germany
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29
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Yoxall E, Schnell M, Mastel S, Hillenbrand R. Magnitude and phase-resolved infrared vibrational nanospectroscopy with a swept quantum cascade laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:13358-13369. [PMID: 26074585 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.013358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a method of rapidly acquiring background-free infrared near-field spectra by combining magnitude and phase resolved scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) with a wavelength-swept quantum cascade laser (QCL). Background-free measurement of both near-field magnitude and phase allows for direct comparison with far-field absorption spectra, making the technique particularly useful for rapid and straightforward nanoscale material identification. Our experimental setup is based on the commonly used pseudo-heterodyne detection scheme, which we modify by operating the interferometer in the white light position; we show this adjustment to be critical for measurement repeatability. As a proof-of-principle experiment we measure the near-field spectrum between 1690 and 1750 cm(-1) of a PMMA disc with a spectral resolution of 1.5 cm(-1). We finish by chemically identifying two fibers on a sample surface by gathering their spectra between 1570 and 1750 cm(-1), each with a measurement time of less than 2.5 minutes. Our method offers the possibility of performing both nanoscale-resolved point spectroscopy and monochromatic imaging with a single laser that is capable of wavelength-sweeping.
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30
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Muller EA, Pollard B, Raschke MB. Infrared Chemical Nano-Imaging: Accessing Structure, Coupling, and Dynamics on Molecular Length Scales. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:1275-84. [PMID: 26262987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This Perspective highlights recent advances in infrared vibrational chemical nano-imaging. In its implementations of scattering scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) and photothermal-induced resonance (PTIR), IR nanospectroscopy provides few-nanometer spatial resolution for the investigation of polymer, biomaterial, and related soft-matter surfaces and nanostructures. Broad-band IR s-SNOM with coherent laser and synchrotron sources allows for chemical recognition with small-ensemble sensitivity and the potential for sensitivity reaching the single-molecule limit. Probing selected vibrational marker resonances, it gives access to nanoscale chemical imaging of composition, domain morphologies, order/disorder, molecular orientation, or crystallographic phases. Local intra- and intermolecular coupling can be measured through frequency shifts of a vibrational marker in heterogeneous environments and associated inhomogeneities in vibrational dephasing. In combination with ultrafast spectroscopy, the vibrational coherent evolution of homogeneous sub-ensembles coupled to their environment can be observed. Outstanding challenges are discussed in terms of extensions to coherent and multidimensional spectroscopies, implementation in liquid and in situ environments, general sample limitations, and engineering s-SNOM scanning probes to better control the nano-localized optical excitation and to increase sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Muller
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Benjamin Pollard
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Markus B Raschke
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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Centrone A. Infrared Imaging and Spectroscopy Beyond the Diffraction Limit. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2015; 8:101-26. [PMID: 26001952 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071114-040435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Progress in nanotechnology is enabled by and dependent on the availability of measurement methods with spatial resolution commensurate with nanomaterials' length scales. Chemical imaging techniques, such as scattering scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) and photothermal-induced resonance (PTIR), have provided scientists with means of extracting rich chemical and structural information with nanoscale resolution. This review presents some basics of infrared spectroscopy and microscopy, followed by detailed descriptions of s-SNOM and PTIR working principles. Nanoscale spectra are compared with far-field macroscale spectra, which are widely used for chemical identification. Selected examples illustrate either technical aspects of the measurements or applications in materials science. Central to this review is the ability to record nanoscale infrared spectra because, although chemical maps enable immediate visualization, the spectra provide information to interpret the images and characterize the sample. The growing breadth of nanomaterials and biological applications suggest rapid growth for this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Centrone
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899;
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