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Yin J, Miao Y, Liang R, Hou H, Teng C, Yu L. Dynamic speckle illumination wide-field fluorescence microscopy with actively optical manipulation of rotational angles. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:1585-1594. [PMID: 38495715 PMCID: PMC10942717 DOI: 10.1364/boe.517556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
We present a dynamic speckle illumination wide-field fluorescence microscopy (DSIWFM) combined with a line optical tweezers (LOTs) for rotational fluorescence sectioning imaging. In this method, large polystyrene fluorescent microspheres are stably trapped with LOTs, and precisely manipulated to rotate around a specific rotation axis. During the rotation process, multiple raw fluorescence images of trapped microspheres are obtained with dynamic speckle illumination. The root-mean-square (RMS) algorithm is used to extract the drastically changing fluorescent signals in the focal plane to obtain the fluorescence sectioning images of the samples at various angles. The influence of speckle granularity on the image quality of fluorescence sectioning images is experimentally analyzed. The rotational fluorescence sectioning images obtained by DSIWFM with LOTs could provide an alternative technique for applications of biomedical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yin
- Photonics Research Center, School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yan Miao
- Photonics Research Center, School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Ruijing Liang
- Photonics Research Center, School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Haoyi Hou
- Photonics Research Center, School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Chuanxin Teng
- Photonics Research Center, School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Lingyao Yu
- Photonics Research Center, School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
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Kang S, Zhou R, Brelen M, Mak HK, Lin Y, So PTC, Yaqoob Z. Mapping nanoscale topographic features in thick tissues with speckle diffraction tomography. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:200. [PMID: 37607903 PMCID: PMC10444882 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01240-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Resolving three-dimensional morphological features in thick specimens remains a significant challenge for label-free imaging. We report a new speckle diffraction tomography (SDT) approach that can image thick biological specimens with ~500 nm lateral resolution and ~1 μm axial resolution in a reflection geometry. In SDT, multiple-scattering background is rejected through spatiotemporal gating provided by dynamic speckle-field interferometry, while depth-resolved refractive index maps are reconstructed by developing a comprehensive inverse-scattering model that also considers specimen-induced aberrations. Benefiting from the high-resolution and full-field quantitative imaging capabilities of SDT, we successfully imaged red blood cells and quantified their membrane fluctuations behind a turbid medium with a thickness of 2.8 scattering mean-free paths. Most importantly, we performed volumetric imaging of cornea inside an ex vivo rat eye and quantified its optical properties, including the mapping of nanoscale topographic features of Dua's and Descemet's membranes that had not been previously visualized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungsam Kang
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Renjie Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Marten Brelen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Heather K Mak
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuechuan Lin
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Peter T C So
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Zahid Yaqoob
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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In vivo visualization of butterfly scale cell morphogenesis in Vanessa cardui. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2112009118. [PMID: 34845021 PMCID: PMC8670486 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2112009118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many organisms exhibit functional micro- and nanoscale materials with structural definition and performance that challenge synthetic fabrication techniques, yet we know little about the processes that enable their formation. Using butterfly scales as a model system for functional biomaterials, we establish a timeline of scale formation and quantify relevant structural parameters for developing painted lady butterflies. We overcome challenges of previous efforts by imaging structure formation directly in living organisms, which allows us to continuously observe the evolving wing tissue and the fine details of individual scale cells. Visualization of scale structure formation in live butterflies forms the basis for modeling the underlying biomechanical processes and opens avenues for their translation into advanced fabrication strategies. During metamorphosis, the wings of a butterfly sprout hundreds of thousands of scales with intricate microstructures and nano-structures that determine the wings’ optical appearance, wetting characteristics, thermodynamic properties, and aerodynamic behavior. Although the functional characteristics of scales are well known and prove desirable in various applications, the dynamic processes and temporal coordination required to sculpt the scales’ many structural features remain poorly understood. Current knowledge of scale growth is primarily gained from ex vivo studies of fixed scale cells at discrete time points; to fully understand scale formation, it is critical to characterize the time-dependent morphological changes throughout their development. Here, we report the continuous, in vivo, label-free imaging of growing scale cells of Vanessa cardui using speckle-correlation reflection phase microscopy. By capturing time-resolved volumetric tissue data together with nanoscale surface height information, we establish a morphological timeline of wing scale formation and gain quantitative insights into the underlying processes involved in scale cell patterning and growth. We identify early differences in the patterning of cover and ground scales on the young wing and quantify geometrical parameters of growing scale features, which suggest that surface growth is critical to structure formation. Our quantitative, time-resolved in vivo imaging of butterfly scale development provides the foundation for decoding the processes and biomechanical principles involved in the formation of functional structures in biological materials.
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Matlock A, Sentenac A, Chaumet PC, Yi J, Tian L. Inverse scattering for reflection intensity phase microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:911-926. [PMID: 32206398 PMCID: PMC7041473 DOI: 10.1364/boe.380845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Reflection phase imaging provides label-free, high-resolution characterization of biological samples, typically using interferometric-based techniques. Here, we investigate reflection phase microscopy from intensity-only measurements under diverse illumination. We evaluate the forward and inverse scattering model based on the first Born approximation for imaging scattering objects above a glass slide. Under this design, the measured field combines linear forward-scattering and height-dependent nonlinear back-scattering from the object that complicates object phase recovery. Using only the forward-scattering, we derive a linear inverse scattering model and evaluate this model's validity range in simulation and experiment using a standard reflection microscope modified with a programmable light source. Our method provides enhanced contrast of thin, weakly scattering samples that complement transmission techniques. This model provides a promising development for creating simplified intensity-based reflection quantitative phase imaging systems easily adoptable for biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Matlock
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Anne Sentenac
- Institut Fresnel, Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick C. Chaumet
- Institut Fresnel, Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Ji Yi
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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CHOI YOUNGWOON, HOSSEINI POORYA, KANG JEONWOONG, KANG SUNGSAM, YANG TAESEOKDANIEL, HYEON MINGYU, KIM BEOPMIN, SO PETERTC, YAQOOB ZAHID. Reflection phase microscopy using spatio-temporal coherence of light. OPTICA 2018; 5:1468-1473. [PMID: 31008154 PMCID: PMC6472928 DOI: 10.1364/optica.5.001468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Many disease states are associated with cellular biomechanical changes as markers. Label-free phase microscopes are used to quantify thermally driven interface fluctuations, which allow the deduction of important cellular rheological properties. Here, the spatio-temporal coherence of light was used to implement a high-speed reflection phase microscope with superior depth selectivity and higher phase sensitivity. Nanometric scale motion of cytoplasmic structures can be visualized with fine details and three-dimensional resolution. Specifically, the spontaneous fluctuation occurring on the nuclear membrane of a living cell was observed at video rate. By converting the reflection phase into displacement, the sensitivity in quantifying nuclear membrane fluctuation was found to be about one nanometer. A reflection phase microscope can potentially elucidate biomechanical mechanisms of pathological and physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- YOUNGWOON CHOI
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
- Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
- Corresponding author:
| | - POORYA HOSSEINI
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - JEON WOONG KANG
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - SUNGSAM KANG
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - TAESEOK DANIEL YANG
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - MIN GYU HYEON
- Department of Biomicro System Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - BEOP-MIN KIM
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
- Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
- Department of Biomicro System Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - PETER T. C. SO
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Mechanical and Biological Engineering Departments, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - ZAHID YAQOOB
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Nys I, Nersesyan V, Beeckman J, Neyts K. Complex liquid crystal superstructures induced by periodic photo-alignment at top and bottom substrates. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:6892-6902. [PMID: 30091777 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01145a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The formation of nematic liquid crystal (LC) superstructures in cells with non-uniform photo-alignment at the confining substrates is studied experimentally and by simulations. An interference pattern of left- and right-handed circularly polarized light is used to define the alignment at both substrates separately, so that the alignment varies along the x-coordinate on one substrate and along the y-coordinate on the other substrate. The interplay between the complex surface alignment and the liquid crystalline soft matter leads to the formation of interesting 3D configurations. The periodic LC structures that are formed in the bulk of the cell are analyzed experimentally by polarizing optical microscopy (POM) for different applied voltages. In the region with strong photo-alignment at both substrates, a 2D LC polarization grating (PG) with a complex 3D director configuration is formed. Distinct periodic structures with different symmetry properties are observed in the regions with weak illumination at the top and/or bottom substrate. The director configuration in the different regions was successfully simulated with the help of finite element (FE) Q-tensor simulations. The agreement between the simulations and the experiments was verified by comparing the POM images with simulated results for the transmission between crossed polarizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Nys
- Electronics and Information Systems Department, Ghent University, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 15, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Varsenik Nersesyan
- Electronics and Information Systems Department, Ghent University, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 15, 9052 Ghent, Belgium. and Photonics Department, Institute for Physical Research of NAS RA, 0203 Ashtarak, Armenia
| | - Jeroen Beeckman
- Electronics and Information Systems Department, Ghent University, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 15, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kristiaan Neyts
- Electronics and Information Systems Department, Ghent University, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 15, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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Jin D, Zhou R, Yaqoob Z, So PTC. Tomographic phase microscopy: principles and applications in bioimaging [Invited]. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. B, OPTICAL PHYSICS 2018; 34:B64-B77. [PMID: 29386746 PMCID: PMC5788179 DOI: 10.1364/josab.34.000b64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Tomographic phase microscopy (TPM) is an emerging optical microscopic technique for bioimaging. TPM uses digital holographic measurements of complex scattered fields to reconstruct three-dimensional refractive index (RI) maps of cells with diffraction-limited resolution by solving inverse scattering problems. In this paper, we review the developments of TPM from the fundamental physics to its applications in bioimaging. We first provide a comprehensive description of the tomographic reconstruction physical models used in TPM. The RI map reconstruction algorithms and various regularization methods are discussed. Selected TPM applications for cellular imaging, particularly in hematology, are reviewed. Finally, we examine the limitations of current TPM systems, propose future solutions, and envision promising directions in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Jin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Renjie Zhou
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Zahid Yaqoob
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Peter T. C. So
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Hu C, Popescu G. Physical significance of backscattering phase measurements. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:4643-4646. [PMID: 29140332 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.004643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative phase imaging of transparent objects in transmission allows for a direct interpretation of the results: the phase shift measured is linear in the refractive index contrast and object thickness. However, the same measurement in a backscattering geometry yields fundamentally different results, because the incident field component is absent from the detected field. As a result, the relationship between the measured phase and object properties is obscure. We derived analytical expressions for the propagating fields under the first-order Born approximation and studied the interpretation of the measured phase shifts in backscattering versus transmission geometries. Our analysis shows that the backscattering phase shift is the result of the plane wave superposition originating at various depths in the object, which makes it impossible to infer quantitative morphology or topography information of 3D transparent samples from a reflection phase image alone.
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