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Li H, Dai S, Wu Y, Dong Q, Chen J, Chen HT, Hu A, Chou J, Chen T. Atomic Scaled Depth Correlation to the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Performance of Single Atom Ni Alloy to the NiO 2 Supported Pd Nanocrystal. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207109. [PMID: 36752398 PMCID: PMC10104651 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the intercalation of single-atom Ni (NiSA ) substantially reduces the reaction activity of Ni oxide supported Pd nanoparticle (NiO2 /Pd) in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The results indicate the transition states kinetically consolidate the adsorption energy for the chemisorbed O and OH species on the ORR activity. Notably, the NiO2 /Ni1 /Pd performs the optimum ORR behavior with the lowest barrier of 0.49 eV and moderate second-step barrier of 0.30 eV consequently confirming its utmost ORR performance. Through the stepwise cross-level demonstrations, a structure-Eads -ΔE correspondence for the proposed NiO2 /Nin /Pd systems is established. Most importantly, such a correspondence reveals that the electronic structure of heterogeneous catalysts can be significantly differed by the segregation of atomic clusters in different dimensions and locations. Besides, the doping-depth effect exploration of the NiSA in the NiO2 /Pd structure intrinsically elucidates that the Ni atom doping in the subsurface induces the most fruitful NiSA /PdML synergy combining the electronic and strain effects to optimize the ORR, whereas this desired synergy diminishes at high Pd coverages. Overall, the results not only rationalize the variation in the redox properties but most importantly provides a precision evaluation of the process window for optimizing the configuration and composition of bimetallic catalysts in practical experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolin Li
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhou310018China
- Department of Engineering and System ScienceNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu300044Taiwan
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringCity University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR999077China
| | - Sheng Dai
- School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200234China
| | - Yawei Wu
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringCity University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR999077China
| | - Qi Dong
- Department of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhou310018China
| | - Hsin‐Yi Tiffany Chen
- Department of Engineering and System ScienceNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu300044Taiwan
| | - Alice Hu
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringCity University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR999077China
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringCity University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR999077China
| | - Jyh‐Pin Chou
- Department of PhysicsNational Changhua University of EducationChanghua50007Taiwan
| | - Tsan‐Yao Chen
- Department of Engineering and System ScienceNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu300044Taiwan
- Hierarchical Green‐Energy Materials (Hi‐GEM) Research CentreNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan70101Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Taiwan University of Science and TechnologyTaipei10617Taiwan
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Maksimovic J, Mu H, Han M, Smith D, Katkus T, Anand V, Nishijima Y, Ng SH, Juodkazis S. Si-Cr Nano-Alloys Fabricated by Direct Femtosecond Laser Writing. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1917. [PMID: 36903030 PMCID: PMC10004396 DOI: 10.3390/ma16051917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-short 230 fs laser pulses of 515 nm wavelength were tightly focused into 700 nm focal spots and utilised in opening ∼400 nm nano-holes in a Cr etch mask that was tens-of-nm thick. The ablation threshold was found to be 2.3 nJ/pulse, double that of plain silicon. Nano-holes irradiated with pulse energies below this threshold produced nano-disks, while higher energies produced nano-rings. Both these structures were not removed by either Cr or Si etch solutions. Subtle sub-1 nJ pulse energy control was harnessed to pattern large surface areas with controlled nano-alloying of Si and Cr. This work demonstrates vacuum-free large area patterning of nanolayers by alloying them at distinct locations with sub-diffraction resolution. Such metal masks with nano-hole opening can be used for formation of random patterns of nano-needles with sub-100 nm separation when applied to dry etching of Si.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovan Maksimovic
- Optical Sciences Centre and Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Haoran Mu
- Optical Sciences Centre and Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Molong Han
- Optical Sciences Centre and Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Daniel Smith
- Optical Sciences Centre and Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Tomas Katkus
- Optical Sciences Centre and Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Vijayakumar Anand
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi Str. 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Yoshiaki Nishijima
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
- Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Soon Hock Ng
- Optical Sciences Centre and Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, 151 Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Saulius Juodkazis
- Optical Sciences Centre and Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
- WRH Program International Research Frontiers Initiative (IRFI), Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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Kulikova DP, Sgibnev YM, Yankovskii GM, Chubchev ED, Lotkov ES, Ezenkova DA, Dobronosova AA, Baburin AS, Rodionov IA, Nechepurenko IA, Baryshev AV, Dorofeenko AV. Optical hydrogen sensing with high-Q guided-mode resonance of Al 2O 3/WO 3/Pd nanostructure. Sci Rep 2023; 13:890. [PMID: 36650224 PMCID: PMC9845354 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28204-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanostructure based on a dielectric grating (Al2O3), gasochromic oxide (WO3) and catalyst (Pd) is proposed as a hydrogen sensor working at the room temperature. In the fabricated structure, the Pd catalyst film was as thin as 1 nm that allowed a significant decrease in the optical absorption. A high-Q guided-mode resonance was observed in a transmission spectrum at normal incidence and was utilized for hydrogen detection. The spectra were measured at 0-0.12% of hydrogen in a synthetic air (≈ 80% [Formula: see text] and 20% [Formula: see text]). The detection limit below 100 ppm of hydrogen was demonstrated. Hydrogen was detected in the presence of oxygen, which provides the sensor recovery but suppresses the sensor response. Sensor response was treated by the principal component analysis (PCA), which effectively performs noise averaging. Influence of temperature and humidity was measured and processed by PCA, and elimination of the humidity and temperature effects was performed. Square root dependence of the sensor response on the hydrogen concentration (Sievert's law) was observed. Sensor calibration curve was built, and the sensor resolution of 40 ppm was found. Long term stability of the sensor was investigated. Particularly, it was shown that the sensor retains its functionality after 6 months and dozens of acts of response to gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria P. Kulikova
- grid.472660.10000 0004 0544 1518Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), Moscow, Russia ,grid.14476.300000 0001 2342 9668Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yevgeniy M. Sgibnev
- grid.472660.10000 0004 0544 1518Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgiy M. Yankovskii
- grid.472660.10000 0004 0544 1518Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugeny D. Chubchev
- grid.472660.10000 0004 0544 1518Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeniy S. Lotkov
- grid.472660.10000 0004 0544 1518Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), Moscow, Russia ,grid.61569.3d0000 0001 0405 5955FMN Laboratory, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria A. Ezenkova
- grid.472660.10000 0004 0544 1518Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), Moscow, Russia ,grid.61569.3d0000 0001 0405 5955FMN Laboratory, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina A. Dobronosova
- grid.472660.10000 0004 0544 1518Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), Moscow, Russia ,grid.61569.3d0000 0001 0405 5955FMN Laboratory, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandr S. Baburin
- grid.472660.10000 0004 0544 1518Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), Moscow, Russia ,grid.61569.3d0000 0001 0405 5955FMN Laboratory, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya A. Rodionov
- grid.472660.10000 0004 0544 1518Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), Moscow, Russia ,grid.61569.3d0000 0001 0405 5955FMN Laboratory, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor A. Nechepurenko
- grid.472660.10000 0004 0544 1518Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), Moscow, Russia ,grid.4886.20000 0001 2192 9124Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics RAS, Moscow, Russia ,grid.18763.3b0000000092721542Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Baryshev
- grid.472660.10000 0004 0544 1518Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Dorofeenko
- grid.472660.10000 0004 0544 1518Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), Moscow, Russia ,grid.18763.3b0000000092721542Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow, Russia ,grid.473298.3Institute for Theoretical and Applied Electromagnetics RAS, Moscow, Russia
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Han M, Meghwal A, Ng SH, Smith D, Mu H, Katkus T, Zhu DM, Mukhlis R, Vongsvivut J, Berndt CC, Ang ASM, Juodkazis S. Microparticles of High Entropy Alloys Made by Laser-Induced Forward Transfer. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8063. [PMID: 36431546 PMCID: PMC9694738 DOI: 10.3390/ma15228063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The controlled deposition of CoCrFeNiMo0.2 high-entropy alloy (HEA) microparticles was achieved by using laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT). Ultra-short laser pulses of 230 fs of 515 nm wavelength were tightly focused into ∼2.4 μm focal spots on the ∼50-nm thick plasma-sputtered films of CoCrFeNiMo0.2. The morphology of HEA microparticles can be controlled at different fluences. The HEA films were transferred onto glass substrates by magnetron sputtering in a vacuum (10-8 atm) from the thermal spray-coated substrates. The absorption coefficient of CoCrFeNiMo0.2α≈6×105 cm-1 was determined at 600-nm wavelength. The real and imaginary parts of the refractive index (n+iκ) of HEA were determined from reflectance and transmittance by using nanofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molong Han
- Optical Sciences Centre and ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Ashok Meghwal
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre on Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Soon Hock Ng
- Optical Sciences Centre and ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Daniel Smith
- Optical Sciences Centre and ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Haoran Mu
- Optical Sciences Centre and ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Tomas Katkus
- Optical Sciences Centre and ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - De Ming Zhu
- Academic Operations Unit, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Reiza Mukhlis
- Academic Operations Unit, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Jitraporn Vongsvivut
- ANSTO-Australian Synchrotron, Infrared Microspectroscopy (IRM) Beamline, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Christopher C. Berndt
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre on Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Andrew S. M. Ang
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre on Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Saulius Juodkazis
- Optical Sciences Centre and ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
- WRH Program International Research Frontiers Initiative (IRFI) Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Kanagawa, Japan
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Nishijima Y, Juodkazis S. The tunable coupling between metasurface and molecular vibration towards the platform of spectral analysis. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20220173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Nishijima
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-Ku, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan
- Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Saulius Juodkazis
- Optical Sciences Centre and ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
- Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub (WRH), School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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Palm KJ, Krayer LJ, Munday JN. Highly switchable absorption in a metal hydride device using a near-zero-index substrate. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:21977-21989. [PMID: 36224907 DOI: 10.1364/oe.450724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Optical switchability is an important functionality for photonic devices, which allows them to accommodate a wide range of applications. One way to achieve this switchability is to utilize the reversible and tunable optical changes of metal hydrides. When exposed to H2 gas, certain metals go through dramatic changes in optical properties as hydrogen atoms expand the lattice spacing. In this paper, we propose a switchable absorption device consisting of a Pd-capped Mg thin film deposited onto a near-zero-index substrate. By utilizing Mg's extreme optical changes upon hydrogenation and combining it with the high optical contrast of the near-zero-index substrate, we can create a device that is fully switchable from a highly reflective state to a broadband absorbing state. When modeling the substrate as a Drude material with a plasma wavelength of 600 nm, we calculate an absorption change of > 70% from 650-1230 nm, with a peak total absorption of 78% at 905 nm. We experimentally demonstrate this effect using 25 nm of Mg with a 3 nm Pd capping layer deposited onto an ITO-coated glass substrate. This device achieves an absorption change of 76% at 1335 nm illumination, with a maximum absorption of 93% in the hydride state, utilizing ITO's near-zero-index region in the near-infrared. By tuning the near-zero-index region of the substrate, this effect can be extended from the visible through the infrared.
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NISHIJIMA Y. Development of Mid-infrared Plasmonics and Thier Sensor Applicatons. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2022. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.71.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki NISHIJIMA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University
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Abstract
We present a critical analysis of the mechanism of reversible hydrogen evolution reaction based on thermodynamics of hydrogen processes considering atomic and ionic species as intermediates. Clear distinction between molecular hydrogen evolution/oxidation (H2ER and H2OR) and atomic hydrogen evolution/oxidation (HER and HOR) reactions is made. It is suggested that the main reaction describing reversible H2ER and H2OR in acidic and basic solutions is: H3O++2e−⇌(H2+)adH2+OH− and its standard potential is E0 = −0.413 V (vs. standard hydrogen electrode, SHE). We analyse experimentally reported data with models which provide a quantitative match (R.J.Kriek et al., Electrochem. Sci. Adv. e2100041 (2021)). Presented analysis implies that reversible H2 evolution is a two-electron transfer process which proceeds via the stage of adsorbed hydrogen molecular ion H2+ as intermediate, rather than Had as postulated in the Volmer-Heyrovsky-Tafel mechanism. We demonstrate that in theory, two slopes of potential vs. lg(current) plots are feasible in the discussed reversible region of H2 evolution: 2.3RT/F≈60 mV and 2.3RT/2F≈30 mV, which is corroborated by the results of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution studies reported in the literature. Upon transition to irreversible H2ER, slowdown of H2+ formation in the first electron transfer stage manifests, and the slope increases to 2.3RT/0.5F≈120 mV; R,F,T are the universal gas, Faraday constants and absolute temperature, respectively.
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Memarzadeh S, Palm KJ, Murphy TE, Leite MS, Munday JN. Control of hot-carrier relaxation time in Au-Ag thin films through alloying. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:33528-33537. [PMID: 33115013 DOI: 10.1364/oe.406093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The plasmon resonance of a structure is primarily dictated by its optical properties and geometry, which can be modified to enable hot-carrier photodetectors with superior performance. Recently, metal alloys have played a prominent role in tuning the resonance of plasmonic structures through chemical composition engineering. However, it has been unclear how alloying modifies the time dynamics of the generated hot-carriers. In this work, we elucidate the role of chemical composition on the relaxation time of hot-carriers for the archetypal AuxAg1-x thin film system. Through time-resolved optical spectroscopy measurements in the visible wavelength range, we measure composition-dependent relaxation times that vary up to 8× for constant pump fluency. Surprisingly, we find that the addition of 2% of Ag into Au films can increase the hot-carrier lifetime by approximately 35% under fixed fluence, as a result of a decrease in optical loss. Further, the relaxation time is found to be inversely proportional to the imaginary part of the permittivity. Our results indicate that alloying is a promising approach to effectively control hot-carrier relaxation time in metals.
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Nishijima Y, Kurotsu T, Yamasaku N, Takahashii H, Kurihara K, Beni T, Okazaki S, Arakawa T, Balčytis A, Seniutinas G, Juodkazis S. Improvement and stabilization of optical hydrogen sensing ability of Au-Pd alloys. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:25383-25391. [PMID: 32907060 DOI: 10.1364/oe.398784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Formation of metal hydrides is a signature chemical property of hydrogen and it can be leveraged to enact both storage and detection of this technologically important yet extremely volatile gas. Palladium shows particular promise as a hydrogen storage medium as well as a platform for creating rapid and reliable H2 optical sensor devices. Furthermore, alloying Pd with other noble metals provides a technologically simple yet powerful way of enacting control over the structural and catalytic properties of the resultant material. Similarly, in addition to alloying, different top-down and bottom-up Pd nanostructuring methods have been proposed and investigated specifically for creating optical H2 sensors. In this work it was determined that the hydrogen sensing ability of a series of Pd-Au alloy films could be improved by way of a hydrogen over exposure (HOE) treatment. Structural investigation showed that the HOE treatment, in addition to irreversibly altering the film morphology, results in a 1 to 2% expansion in the lattice constant of the metal. By combining a cyclic HOE treatment and alloy aging through annealing, the hydrogen detection sensitivity and response rates of Pd-Au films could be stabilized so that their performance would no longer be appreciably affected by repeated hydrogen uptake and release cycles. This work takes a further step towards routine all-optical detection of part-per-million level hydrogen gas concentrations in Pd-Au alloy films and discussion of ways to enhance response rates is provided.
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Black Metals: Optical Absorbers. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11030256. [PMID: 32121168 PMCID: PMC7142461 DOI: 10.3390/mi11030256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a concept and fabrication of lithography-free layered metal-SiO2 thin-film structures which have reduced reflectivity (black appearance), to as low as 0.9%, with 4.9% broadband reflectance (8.9% for soda lime) in the 500–1400 nm range. The multi-layered (four layers) thin-film metamaterial is designed so that optical impedance matching produces minimal reflectance and transmittance within the visible and infra-red (IR) spectral region for a range of incident angles. The structure has enhanced absorbance and is easily tuned for reduced minimal transmission and reflection. This approach should allow for novel anti-reflection surfaces by impedance matching to be realized.
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Hydrogen Evolution on Nano-StructuredCuO/Pd Electrode: Raman Scattering Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9245301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the processes taking place on the surfaces of nanostructured Cu/CuO and Cu/CuO/Pd electrodes at different potential, E, values in the solutions of 0.1 M KOH in H 2 O and D 2 O (heavy water) were probed by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and the analysis of electrochemical reactions occurring under experimental conditions is presented. The bands of the SERS spectra of the Cu/CuO/Pd electrode observed in the range of E values from +0.3 V to 0 V (standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)) at 1328–1569 cm − 1 are consistent with the existence of species that are adsorbed or weakly bound to the surface with the energy of interaction close to 15–21 kJ mol − 1 . These bands can be attributed to the ad(ab)sorbed (H 3 O + ) ad , (H 2 + ) ab , and (H 2 + ) ad ions as intermediates in reversible hydrogen evolution and oxidation reactions (HER/HOR) taking place on the Cu/CuO/Pd electrode. There was no isotopic effect observed; this is consistent with the dipole nature of the electron-ion pair formation of adsorbed (H 3 O + ) ad and (H 2 + ) ad or (D 3 O + ) ad and (D 2 + ) ad . In accordance with the literature data, SERS bands at 125–146 cm − 1 and ∼520–565 cm − 1 were assigned to Cu(I) and Cu(II) oxygen species. These findings corroborate the quantitative stepwise mechanism of water reduction.
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Palm KJ, Murray JB, McClure JP, Leite MS, Munday JN. In Situ Optical and Stress Characterization of Alloyed Pd xAu 1-x Hydrides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:45057-45067. [PMID: 31670929 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PdxAu1-x alloys have recently shown great promise for next-generation optical hydrogen sensors due to their increased chemical durability while their optical sensitivity to small amounts of hydrogen gas is maintained. However, the correlation between chemical composition and the dynamic optical behavior upon hydrogenation/dehydrogenation is currently not well understood. A complete understanding of this relation is necessary to optimize future sensors and nanophotonic devices. Here, we quantify the dynamic optical, chemical, and mechanical properties of thin film PdxAu1-x alloys as they are exposed to H2 by combining in situ ellipsometry with gravimetric and stress measurements. We demonstrate the dynamic optical property dependence of the film upon hydrogenation and directly correlate it with the hydrogen content up to a maximum of 7 bar of H2. With this measurement, we find that the thin films exhibit their strongest optical sensitivity to H2 in the near-infrared. We also discover higher hydrogen-loading amounts as compared to previous measurements for alloys with low atomic percent Pd. Specifically, a measurable optical and gravimetric hydrogen response in alloys as low as 34% Pd is found, when previous works have suggested a disappearance of this response near 55% Pd. This result suggests that differences in film stress and microstructuring play a crucial role in the sorption behavior. We directly measure the thin film stress and morphology upon hydrogenation and show that the alloys have a substantially higher relative stress change than pure Pd, with the pure Pd data point falling 0.9 GPa below the expected trend line. Finally, we use the measured optical properties to illustrate the applicability of these alloys as grating structures and as a planar physical encryption scheme, where we show significant and variable changes in reflectivity upon hydrogenation. These results lay the foundation for the composition and design of next-generation hydrogen sensors and tunable photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joshua P McClure
- Sensors and Electron Devices Directorate , U.S. Army Research Laboratory , 2800 Powder Mill Road , Adelphi , Maryland 20783-1197 , United States
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Rebello Sousa Dias M, Leite MS. Alloying: A Platform for Metallic Materials with On-Demand Optical Response. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:2881-2891. [PMID: 31305980 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metallic materials with engineered optical properties have the potential to enhance the performance of energy harvesting and storage devices operating at the macro- and nanoscale, such as solar cells, photocatalysts, water splitting, and hydrogen storage systems. For both thin films and subwavelength nanostructures, upon illumination, the coherent oscillation of charge carriers at the interface with a dielectric material gives rise to resonances named surface plasmon polariton (SPP) and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), respectively. These resonances result in unique light absorption, scattering, and transmission responses over the electromagnetic spectrum, which, in turn, can be exploited to tailor the behavior of active metallic components in optoelectronic devices containing Ag, Au, Cu, Al, Mg, among other metals. The wavelength in which the resonances occur primarily depends on the metal itself (i.e., the dielectric function or permittivity), the dielectric medium surrounding the metals, and the size, geometry, and periodicity of the metallic nanostructures. Nevertheless, the aforementioned parameters allow a limited modulation of both SPP and LSPR over a narrow window of frequencies. To overcome this constraint, we have proposed and realized the alloying of metals via physical deposition methods as a paradigm to almost arbitrarily tuning their optical behavior in the UV-NIR, which leads to permittivity values currently not available. Our approach offers an additional knob, chemical composition, to engineer light-matter interactions in metallic materials. This Account highlights recent progress in using alloying as a pathway to control the optical behavior of metallic thin films and nanostructures for energy harvesting and storage applications, including (photo)catalysis, photovoltaics, superabsorbers, hydrogen storage, among other systems. We choose to primarily focus on the optical properties of the metallic mixtures and in their near- to far-field responses in the UV-NIR range of the spectrum as they represent key parameters for materials' selection for the devices above. By alloying, it is possible to obtain metallic materials with LSPR not available for pure metals, which can enable the further control of the electromagnetic spectrum. First, we discuss how the permittivity of binary mixtures of coinage metals (Au, Ag, and Cu) can be tailored based on the chemical composition of their pure counterparts. Second, we present how novel metallic materials can be designed through band structure engineering through density functional theory (DFT), a paradigm that could benefit from artificial intelligence methods. Concerning alloyed thin films, we discuss the promise of earth-abundant metals and provide an example of the superior performance of AlCu in superabsorbers. In the realm of nanostructures, we focus the discussion on physical deposition methods, where we provide a detailed analysis of how chemical composition can affect the far- and near-field responses of metallic building blocks. Finally, we provide a brief outlook of promising next steps in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina S. Leite
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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Beni T, Yamasaku N, Kurotsu T, To N, Okazaki S, Arakawa T, Balčytis A, Seniutinas G, Juodkazis S, Nishijima Y. Metamaterial for Hydrogen Sensing. ACS Sens 2019; 4:2389-2394. [PMID: 31412698 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A hydrogen sensor based on plasmonic metasurfaces is demonstrated to exhibit the industry-required 10 s reaction time and sensitivity. It consists of a layer of either Y or WO3 sandwiched between a top Pd nanodisk and a Au mirror at the base. The phase change layer (Y, WO3) reacts with hydrogen, and the corresponding change of the refractive index (permittivity) is detected by the spectral shift of the resonance dip in reflectance at the IR spectral window. This direct reflectance readout of the permittivity change due to hydrogen uptake is fast and is facilitated by radiation field enhancement extending into the phase change volume. Numerical modeling was used to elucidate the effects that real and imaginary parts of the refractive index exert on the spectral shifts of resonance. The mechanism of sensor performance is outlined, and a possibility to tune its spectral range of operation by the diameter of the Pd nanodisk and thickness of the phase change material makes this design applicable to other molecular detection applications including surface-enhanced IR absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Armandas Balčytis
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, A. Goštauto 9, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Gediminas Seniutinas
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Saulius Juodkazis
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, the Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, 151 Wellington Rd., Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI), School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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McClure JP, Boltersdorf J, Baker DR, Farinha TG, Dzuricky N, Villegas CEP, Rocha AR, Leite MS. Structure-Property-Performance Relationship of Ultrathin Pd-Au Alloy Catalyst Layers for Low-Temperature Ethanol Oxidation in Alkaline Media. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:24919-24932. [PMID: 31044596 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b01389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pd-containing alloys are promising materials for catalysis. Yet, the relationship of the structure-property performance strongly depends on their chemical composition, which is currently not fully resolved. Herein, we present a physical vapor deposition methodology for developing PdxAu1-x alloys with fine control over the chemical composition. We establish direct correlations between the composition and these materials' structural and electronic properties with its catalytic activity in an ethanol (EtOH) oxidation reaction. By combining X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements, we validate that the Pd content within both bulk and surface compositions can be finely controlled in an ultrathin-film regime. Catalytic oxidation of EtOH on the PdxAu1-x electrodes presents the largest forward-sweeping current density for x = 0.73 at ∼135 mA cm-2, with the lowest onset potential and largest peak activity of 639 A gPd-1 observed for x = 0.58. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and XPS measurements demonstrate that the valence band of the alloys is completely dominated by Pd particularly near the Fermi level, regardless of its chemical composition. Moreover, DFT provides key insights into the PdxAu1-x ligand effect, with relevant chemisorption activity descriptors probed for a large number of surface arrangements. These results demonstrate that alloys can outperform pure metals in catalytic processes, with fine control of the chemical composition being a powerful tuning knob for the electronic properties and, therefore, the catalytic activity of ultrathin PdxAu1-x catalysts. Our high-throughput experimental methodology, in connection with DFT calculations, provides a unique foundation for further materials' discovery, including machine-learning predictions for novel alloys, the development of Pd-alloyed membranes for the purification of reformate gases, binder-free ultrathin electrocatalysts for fuel cells, and room temperature lithography-based development of nanostructures for optically driven processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P McClure
- Sensors and Electron Devices Directorate , U.S. Army Research Laboratory , Adelphi , Maryland 20783 , United States
| | - Jonathan Boltersdorf
- Sensors and Electron Devices Directorate , U.S. Army Research Laboratory , Adelphi , Maryland 20783 , United States
| | - David R Baker
- Sensors and Electron Devices Directorate , U.S. Army Research Laboratory , Adelphi , Maryland 20783 , United States
| | | | | | - Cesar E P Villegas
- Instituto de Física Teórica , Universidade Estadual Paulista , São Paulo , 01140-070 , Brazil
- Departamento de Ciencias , Universidad Privada del Norte , Avenida Andrés Belaunde cdra 10 s/n , Comas , Peru
| | - Alexandre R Rocha
- Instituto de Física Teórica , Universidade Estadual Paulista , São Paulo , 01140-070 , Brazil
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Takenaka M, Hashimoto Y, Iwasa T, Taketsugu T, Seniutinas G, Balčytis A, Juodkazis S, Nishijima Y. First Principles Calculations Toward Understanding SERS of 2,2'-Bipyridyl Adsorbed on Au, Ag, and Au-Ag Nanoalloy. J Comput Chem 2019; 40:925-932. [PMID: 30368857 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
First principles electrodyanmics and quantum chemical simulations are performed to gain insights into the underlying mechanisms of the surface enhanced Raman spectra of 22BPY adsorbed on pure Au and Ag as well as on Au-Ag alloy nanodiscs. Experimental SERS spectra from Au and Ag nanodiscs show similar peaks, whereas those from Au-Ag alloy reveal new spectral features. The physical enhancement factors due to surface nano-texture were considered by numerical FDTD simulations of light intensity distribution for the nano-textured Au, Ag, and Au-Ag alloy and compared with experimental results. For the chemical insights of the enhancement, the DFT calculations with the dispersion interaction were performed using Au20 , Ag20 , and Au10 Ag10 clusters of a pyramidal structure for SERS modeling. Binding of 22BPY to the clusters was simulated by considering possible arrangements of vertex and planar physical as well as chemical adsorption models. The DFT results indicate that 22BPY prefers a coplanar adsorption on a (111) face with trans-conformation having close energy difference to cis-conformation. Binding to pure Au cluster is stronger than to pure Ag or Au-Ag alloy clusters and adsorption onto the alloy surface can deform the surface. The computed Raman spectra are compared with experimental data and assignments for pure Au and Ag models are well matching, indicating the need of dispersion interaction to reproduce strong Raman signal at around 800 cm-1 . This work provides insight into 3D character of SERS on nanorough surfaces due to different binding energies and bond length of nanoalloys. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Takenaka
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Hashimoto
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwasa
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8245
| | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8245
| | - Gediminas Seniutinas
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, 3122, Australia.,Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication (MCN), Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Armandas Balčytis
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, 3122, Australia.,Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication (MCN), Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Saulius Juodkazis
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, 3122, Australia.,Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication (MCN), Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Yoshiaki Nishijima
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
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