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Illibauer J, Clodi-Seitz T, Zoufaly A, Aberle JH, Weninger WJ, Foedinger M, Elsayad K. Diagnostic potential of blood plasma longitudinal viscosity measured using Brillouin light scattering. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2323016121. [PMID: 39088388 PMCID: PMC11331083 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2323016121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Blood plasma viscosity (PV) is an established biomarker for numerous diseases. Measurement of the shear PV using conventional rheological techniques is, however, time consuming and requires significant plasma volumes. Here, we show that Brillouin light scattering (BLS) and angle-resolved spectroscopy measurements of the longitudinal PV from microliter-sized plasma volumes can serve as a proxy for the shear PV measured using conventional viscometers. This is not trivial given the distinct frequency regime probed and the longitudinal viscosity, a combination of the shear and bulk viscosity, representing a unique material property on account of the latter. We demonstrate this for plasma from healthy persons and patients suffering from different severities of COVID-19 (CoV), which has been associated with an increased shear PV. We further show that the additional information contained in the BLS-measured effective longitudinal PV and its temperature scaling can provide unique insight into the chemical constituents and physical properties of plasma that can be of diagnostic value. In particular, we find that changes in the effective longitudinal viscosity are consistent with an increased suspension concentration in CoV patient samples at elevated temperatures that is correlated with disease severity and progression. This is supported by results from rapid BLS spatial-mapping, angle-resolved BLS measurements, changes in the elastic scattering, and anomalies in the temperature scaling of the shear viscosity. Finally, we introduce a compact BLS probe to rapidly perform measurements in plastic transport tubes. Our results open a broad avenue for PV diagnostics based on the high-frequency effective longitudinal PV and show that BLS can provide a means for its implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Illibauer
- Division of Anatomy, Center for Anatomy & Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, ViennaA-1090, Austria
- Medical Imaging Cluster, Medical University of Vienna, ViennaA-1090, Austria
| | | | - Alexander Zoufaly
- Department of Medicine, Klinik Favoriten, ViennaA-1100, Austria
- Sigmund Freud Private University, ViennaA-1020, Austria
| | - Judith H. Aberle
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, ViennaA-1090, Austria
| | - Wolfgang J. Weninger
- Division of Anatomy, Center for Anatomy & Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, ViennaA-1090, Austria
- Medical Imaging Cluster, Medical University of Vienna, ViennaA-1090, Austria
| | - Manuela Foedinger
- Sigmund Freud Private University, ViennaA-1020, Austria
- Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics, Klinik Favoriten, ViennaA-1100, Austria
| | - Kareem Elsayad
- Division of Anatomy, Center for Anatomy & Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, ViennaA-1090, Austria
- Medical Imaging Cluster, Medical University of Vienna, ViennaA-1090, Austria
- Advanced Microscopy, Vienna Biocenter Core Facilities, ViennaA-1030, Austria
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2
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Bilenca A, Prevedel R, Scarcelli G. Current state of stimulated Brillouin scattering microscopy for the life sciences. JPHYS PHOTONICS 2024; 6:032001. [PMID: 38939757 PMCID: PMC11200595 DOI: 10.1088/2515-7647/ad5506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) microscopy is a nonlinear all-optical imaging method that provides mechanical contrast based on the interaction of laser radiation and acoustical vibrational modes. Featuring high mechanical specificity and sensitivity, three-dimensional sectioning, and practical imaging times, SBS microscopy with (quasi) continuous wave excitation is rapidly advancing as a promising imaging tool for label-free visualization of viscoelastic information of materials and living biological systems. In this article, we introduce the theory of SBS microscopy and review the current state-of-the-art as well as recent innovations, including different approaches to system designs and data analysis. In particular, various performance parameters of SBS microscopy and its applications in the life sciences are described and discussed. Future perspectives for SBS microscopy are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Bilenca
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 1 Ben Gurion Blvd, Be’er-Sheva 84105, Israel
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 1 Ben Gurion Blvd, Be’er-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Robert Prevedel
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Giuliano Scarcelli
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America
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3
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Al-Basheer W, Viernes C, Cheng M, Zheng R, Netzke S, Pichugin K, Sciaini G. Determining the Out-of-Plane Longitudinal Sound Speed in GeS by Broadband Time-Domain Brillouin Scattering. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:15463-15467. [PMID: 38585054 PMCID: PMC10993360 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, two-dimensional (2D) layered semiconducting materials, with their distinctive structures and unique physicochemical properties, have attracted attention for potential applications in photonics and optoelectronics. In this study, we utilized time-domain broadband Brillouin scattering on a single germanium monosulfide (GeS) crystal to determine the out-of-plane longitudinal sound speed, evaluated at vL = (4035 ± 200) m/s. The reported results demonstrate the effectiveness of this nondestructive, all-optical technique for measuring the elastic properties in fragile 2D layered materials and provide the value of the out-of-plane compressive elastic constant, C = (69 ± 7) GPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watheq Al-Basheer
- Department
of Physics, King Fahd University of Petroleum
& Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary
Research Center of Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christian Viernes
- The
Ultrafast Electron Imaging Lab, Department of Chemistry, and Waterloo
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Meixin Cheng
- The
Ultrafast Electron Imaging Lab, Department of Chemistry, and Waterloo
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Ruofei Zheng
- The
Ultrafast Electron Imaging Lab, Department of Chemistry, and Waterloo
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Sam Netzke
- The
Ultrafast Electron Imaging Lab, Department of Chemistry, and Waterloo
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Kostyantyn Pichugin
- The
Ultrafast Electron Imaging Lab, Department of Chemistry, and Waterloo
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - German Sciaini
- The
Ultrafast Electron Imaging Lab, Department of Chemistry, and Waterloo
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada
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4
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Romodina MN, Parmar A, Singh K. In vivo measurement of the biomechanical properties of human skin with motion-corrected Brillouin microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:1777-1784. [PMID: 38495685 PMCID: PMC10942711 DOI: 10.1364/boe.516032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Biomechanical testing of human skin in vivo is important to study the aging process and pathological conditions such as skin cancer. Brillouin microscopy allows the all-optical, non-contact visualization of the mechanical properties of cells and tissues over space. Here, we use the combination of Brillouin microscopy and optical coherence tomography for motion-corrected, depth-resolved biomechanical testing of human skin in vivo. We obtained two peaks in the Brillouin spectra for the epidermis, the first at 7 GHz and the second near 9-10 GHz. The experimentally measured Brillouin frequency shift of the dermis is lower compared to the epidermis and is 6.8 GHz, indicating the lower stiffness of the dermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria N. Romodina
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstr. 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Asha Parmar
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstr. 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kanwarpal Singh
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstr. 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
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O’Connor SP, Doktor DA, Scully MO, Yakovlev VV. Spectral resolution enhancement for impulsive stimulated Brillouin spectroscopy by expanding pump beam geometry. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:14604-14616. [PMID: 37157321 PMCID: PMC10316680 DOI: 10.1364/oe.487131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Brillouin microscopy has recently emerged as a powerful tool for mechanical property measurements in biomedical sensing and imaging applications. Impulsive stimulated Brillouin scattering (ISBS) microscopy has been proposed for faster and more accurate measurements, which do not rely on stable narrow-band lasers and thermally-drifting etalon-based spectrometers. However, the spectral resolution of ISBS-based signal has not been significantly explored. In this report, the ISBS spectral profile has been investigated as a function of the pump beam's spatial geometry, and novel methodologies have been developed for accurate spectral assessment. The ISBS linewidth was found to consistently decrease with increasing pump-beam diameter. These findings provide the means for improved spectral resolution measurements and pave the way to broader applications of ISBS microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P. O’Connor
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Dominik A. Doktor
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Marlan O. Scully
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Physics, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Vladislav V. Yakovlev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Shi C, Zhang H, Zhang J. Non-contact and label-free biomechanical imaging: Stimulated Brillouin microscopy and beyond. FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS 2023; 11:1175653. [PMID: 37377499 PMCID: PMC10299794 DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2023.1175653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Brillouin microscopy based on spontaneous Brillouin scattering has emerged as a unique elastography technique because of its merit of non-contact, label-free, and high-resolution mechanical imaging of biological cell and tissue. Recently, several new optical modalities based on stimulated Brillouin scattering have been developed for biomechanical research. As the scattering efficiency of the stimulated process is much higher than its counterpart in the spontaneous process, stimulated Brillouin-based methods have the potential to significantly improve the speed and spectral resolution of existing Brillouin microscopy. Here, we review the ongoing technological advancements of three methods, including continuous wave stimulated Brillouin microscopy, impulsive stimulated Brillouin microscopy, and laser-induced picosecond ultrasonics. We describe the physical principle, the representative instrumentation, and biological application of each method. We further discuss the current limitations as well as the challenges for translating these methods into a visible biomedical instrument for biophysics and mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjun Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Hongyuan Zhang
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jitao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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Li J, Zhang H, Lu M, Wei H, Li Y. Sensitive impulsive stimulated Brillouin spectroscopy by an adaptive noise-suppression Matrix Pencil. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:29598-29610. [PMID: 36299131 DOI: 10.1364/oe.465106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Impulsive stimulated Brillouin spectroscopy (ISBS) plays a critical role in investigating mechanical properties thanks to its fast measurement rate. However, traditional Fourier transform-based data processing cannot decipher measured data sensitively because of its incompetence in dealing with low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) signals caused by a short exposure time and weak signals in a multi-peak spectrum. Here, we propose an adaptive noise-suppression Matrix Pencil method for heterodyne ISBS as an alternative spectral analysis technique, speeding up the measurement regardless of the low SNR and enhancing the sensitivity of multi-component viscoelastic identification. The algorithm maintains accuracy of 0.005% for methanol sound speed even when the SNR drops 33 dB and the exposure time is reduced to 0.4 ms. Moreover, it proves to extract a weak component that accounts for 6% from a polymer mixture, which is inaccessible for the traditional method. With its outstanding ability to sensitively decipher weak signals without spectral a priori information and regardless of low SNRs or concentrations, this method offers a fresh perspective for ISBS on fast viscoelasticity measurements and multi-component identifications.
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