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Zhang C, He Y, Qiao S, Liu Y, Ma Y. High-sensitivity trace gas detection based on differential Helmholtz photoacoustic cell with dense spot pattern. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2024; 38:100634. [PMID: 39100198 PMCID: PMC11296056 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2024.100634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
A high-sensitivity photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) sensor based on differential Helmholtz photoacoustic cell (DHPAC) with dense spot pattern is reported in this paper for the first time. A multi-pass cell based on two concave mirrors was designed to achieve a dense spot pattern, which realized 212 times excitation of incident laser. A finite element analysis was utilized to simulate the sound field distribution and frequency response of the designed DHPAC. An erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) was employed to amplify the output optical power of the laser to achieve strong excitation. In order to assess the designed sensor's performance, an acetylene (C2H2) detection system was established using a near infrared diode laser with a central wavelength 1530.3 nm. According to experimental results, the differential characteristics of DHPAC was verified. Compared to the sensor without dense spot pattern, the photoacoustic signal with dense spot pattern had a 44.73 times improvement. The minimum detection limit (MDL) of the designed C2H2-PAS sensor can be improved to 5 ppb when the average time of the sensor system is 200 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Laser Spatial Information, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ying He
- National Key Laboratory of Laser Spatial Information, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shunda Qiao
- National Key Laboratory of Laser Spatial Information, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yahui Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Laser Spatial Information, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yufei Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Laser Spatial Information, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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2
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Fu L, Zhang J, Pan Y, Lu P. Differential photoacoustic spectroscopy for flow gas detection based on single microphone. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2024; 38:100624. [PMID: 38872921 PMCID: PMC11169465 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2024.100624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Differential photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) for flow gas detection based on single microphone is innovatively proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Unlike the traditional systems, only one microphone is used to suppress flowing gas noise. Wavelength modulation spectroscopy and second harmonic detection technique are applied in this PAS system with Q-point demodulation for acetylene (C2H2) gas detection. The experiment is conducted at 1 atm and 300 K. Different concentrations and flow rates of C2H2 from 0 sccm to 225 sccm are detected by using nitrogen (N2) as the carrier gas, which indicates that the system can respond well to flowing gases while maintaining the noise at the same level. The system response time decreases to 3.58 s while the gas velocity is 225 sccm. The detection limit of 43.97 ppb with 1 s integration time and normalized noise equivalent absorption (NNEA) coefficient of 4.0 × 10-9 cm-1 W Hz-1/2 is achieved at the flow rate of 225 sccm. The firstly proposed differential PAS based on single microphone greatly simplifies the system structure for flow gas detection, which provides a novel route for development of PAS with significant practical implementation prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujun Fu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and National Engineering Research Center for Next Generation Internet Access System, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jiangshan Zhang
- School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yufeng Pan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and National Engineering Research Center for Next Generation Internet Access System, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and National Engineering Research Center for Next Generation Internet Access System, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Wuhan OV Optical Networking Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430074, China
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3
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Wang J, Wang Q, Yan C, Xu S, Zou X, Wu Q, Ng WP, Binns R, Fu YQ. High-sensitivity narrow‑band T-shaped cantilever Fabry-perot acoustic sensor for photoacoustic spectroscopy. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2024; 38:100626. [PMID: 38966593 PMCID: PMC11222803 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2024.100626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) has been rapidly developed and applied to different detection scenarios. The acoustic pressure detection is an important part in the PAS system. In this paper, an ultrahigh sensitivity Fabry-Perot acoustic sensor with a T-shaped cantilever was proposed. To achieve the best acoustic pressure effect, the dimension of the cantilever structure was designed and optimized by finite element analysis using COMSOL Multiphysics. Simulation results showed that the sensitivity of such T-shaped cantilever was 1.5 times higher than that based on a rectangular cantilever, and the resonance frequency of T-shaped cantilever were able to modulate from 800 Hz to 1500 Hz by adjusting the multi-parameter characteristics. Experimental sensing results showed that the resonance frequency of T-shaped Fabry-Perot acoustic sensor was 1080 Hz, yielding a high sensitivity of 1.428 μm/Pa, with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 84.8 dB and a detectable pressure limit of 1.9 μPa/Hz1/2@1 kHz. We successfully used such acoustic sensor to measure acetylene (C2H2) concentration in the PAS. The sensitivity of PAS for C2H2 gas was 3.22 pm/ppm with a concentration range of 50 ppm ∼100 ppm, and the minimum detection limit was 24.91ppb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilong Wang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110819, China
| | - Qiaoyun Wang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110819, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Chongyue Yan
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110819, China
| | - Shunyuan Xu
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110819, China
| | - Xin Zou
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110819, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Faculty of Engineering & Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Wai Pang Ng
- Faculty of Engineering & Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Richard Binns
- Faculty of Engineering & Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Yong-Qing Fu
- Faculty of Engineering & Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
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4
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Liu P, Wang C, Yang H, Li Y, Zhang X, Liu X, Li Y, Lou C. Perovskite photodetector-based laser absorption spectroscopy for gas detection. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:21855-21865. [PMID: 38859529 DOI: 10.1364/oe.527380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
A gas detection method based on CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) and poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (4-styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) composite photodetectors (PDs) is proposed. The operation of the PD primarily relies on the photoelectric effect within the visible light band. Our study involves constructing a gas detection system based on tunable diode laser spectroscopy (TDLAS) and MAPbI3/PEDOT:PSS PD, and O2 was selected as the target analyte. The system has achieved a minimum detection limit (MDL) of 0.12% and a normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient (NNEA) of 8.83 × 10-11 cm-1⋅W⋅Hz-1/2. Furthermore, the Allan deviation analysis results indicate that the system can obtain sensitivity levels as low as 0.058% over an averaging time of 328 seconds. This marks the first use of MAPbI3/PEDOT:PSS PD in gas detection based on TDLAS. Despite the detector's performance leaves much to be desired, this innovation offers a new approach to developing spectral based gas detection system.
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Qiao S, He Y, Sun H, Patimisco P, Sampaolo A, Spagnolo V, Ma Y. Ultra-highly sensitive dual gases detection based on photoacoustic spectroscopy by exploiting a long-wave, high-power, wide-tunable, single-longitudinal-mode solid-state laser. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:100. [PMID: 38693126 PMCID: PMC11063167 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01459-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) as a highly sensitive and selective trace gas detection technique has extremely broad application in many fields. However, the laser sources currently used in PAS limit the sensing performance. Compared to diode laser and quantum cascade laser, the solid-state laser has the merits of high optical power, excellent beam quality, and wide tuning range. Here we present a long-wave, high-power, wide-tunable, single-longitudinal-mode solid-state laser used as light source in a PAS sensor for trace gas detection. The self-built solid-state laser had an emission wavelength of ~2 μm with Tm:YAP crystal as the gain material, with an excellent wavelength and optical power stability as well as a high beam quality. The wide wavelength tuning range of 9.44 nm covers the absorption spectra of water and ammonia, with a maximum optical power of ~130 mW, allowing dual gas detection with a single laser source. The solid-state laser was used as light source in three different photoacoustic detection techniques: standard PAS with microphone, and external- and intra-cavity quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS), proving that solid-state laser is an attractive excitation source in photoacoustic spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunda Qiao
- National Key Laboratory of Laser Spatial Information, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Ying He
- National Key Laboratory of Laser Spatial Information, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Haiyue Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Laser Spatial Information, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Pietro Patimisco
- PolySense Lab, Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, University and Politecnico of Bari, Via Amendola, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Sampaolo
- PolySense Lab, Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, University and Politecnico of Bari, Via Amendola, Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Spagnolo
- PolySense Lab, Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, University and Politecnico of Bari, Via Amendola, Bari, Italy
| | - Yufei Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Laser Spatial Information, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
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Zhao X, Qi H, Wang H, Wang X, Guo M, Peng W, Chen K. Dense Multibutterfly Spots-Enhanced Miniaturized Optical Fiber Photoacoustic Gas Sensor. Anal Chem 2024; 96:5554-5559. [PMID: 38545859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
A miniaturized optical fiber photoacoustic gas sensor enhanced by dense multibutterfly spots is reported for the first time. The principle of space light transmission of neglecting paraxial approximation is theoretically analyzed for designing a dense multibutterfly spots-based miniature multipass cell. In a multipass photoacoustic tube with a diameter of 16 mm, the light beam is reflected about a hundred times. The light spots on the mirror surfaces at both ends of the photoacoustic tube form a dense multibutterfly distribution. The volume of the micro multipass gas chamber is only 5.3 mL. An optical fiber cantilever based on F-P interference is utilized as a photoacoustic pressure detector. Compared with that of the single-pass structure, the gas detection ability of the photoacoustic system with dense multibutterfly spots is improved by about 50 times. The proposed miniaturized sensor realizes a detection limit of 3.4 ppb for C2H2 gas with an averaging time of 100 s. The recognized coefficients of minimum detectable absorption (αmin) and normalized noise equivalent absorption are 1.9 × 10-8 cm-1 and 8.4 × 10-10 W cm-1 Hz-1/2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhao
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Hongchao Qi
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Heng Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Min Guo
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of MEMS, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Wei Peng
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Ke Chen
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
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Zhao X, Ma F, Wang H, Qi H, Li C, Guo M, Chen K. Fiber-Optic Photoacoustic CO Sensor for Gas Insulation Equipment Monitoring Based on Cantilever Differential Lock-In Amplification and Optical Excitation Enhancement. Anal Chem 2024; 96:5298-5306. [PMID: 38507227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
A fiber-optic photoacoustic CO sensor for gas insulation equipment is proposed, which relies on F-P interferometric cantilever-based differential lock-in amplification and optical multipass excitation enhancement. The sensor has excellent characteristics of high sensitivity, antielectromagnetic interference, fast response, and long-distance detection. The photoacoustic pressure waves in the two resonators of the differential photoacoustic cell (DPAC) are simultaneously detected by two fiber-optic interferometric cantilevers and processed differentially; thereby, the gas flow noise is effectively suppressed. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the superposition of photoacoustic excitation and multipass absorption, the diameter of the resonator is determined to be 6 mm. The optical power emitted by the 1566.6 nm distributed feedback laser is increased to 500 mW by an erbium-doped fiber amplifier. The near-infrared light is reflected 30 times in the multipass cell, which improves the order of magnitude of optical effective excitation. Due to the low sound velocity of SF6 gas, the resonant frequency of the DPAC with a resonator length of 80 mm is 760 Hz. The response time to CO/SF6 gas is 93 s with a flow rate of 500 sccm. The detection limit of the CO sensor is 53 ppb, which realizes the accurate and timely perception of the SF6 decomposition derivative CO and provides technical support for trouble-free operation of gas insulation equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhao
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Fengxiang Ma
- Electric Power Research Institute, Net Anhui Electric Power Co., Ltd, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Heng Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Hongchao Qi
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Min Guo
- Department of Physics, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Ke Chen
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
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Chen W, Qiao S, He Y, Zhu J, Wang K, Qi L, Zhou S, Xiao L, Ma Y. Mid-infrared all-fiber light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy sensor based on hollow-core anti-resonant fiber. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2024; 36:100594. [PMID: 38375332 PMCID: PMC10875298 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2024.100594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
In this article, a mid-infrared all-fiber light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy (LITES) sensor based on a hollow-core anti-resonant fiber (HC-ARF) was reported for the first time. The HC-ARF was applied as a light transmission medium and gas chamber. The constructed all-fiber structure has merits of low loss, easy optical alignment, good system stability, reduced sensor size and cost. The mid-infrared transmission structure can be utilized to target the strongest gas absorption lines. The reversely-tapered SM1950 fiber and the HC-ARF were spatially butt-coupled with a V-shaped groove between the two fibers to facilitate gas entry. Carbon monoxide (CO) with an absorption line at 4291.50 cm-1 (2.33 µm) was chosen as the target gas to verify the sensing performance. The experimental results showed that the all-fiber LITES sensor based on HC-ARF had an excellent linear response to CO concentration. Allan deviation analysis indicated that the system had excellent long-term stability. A minimum detection limit (MDL) of 3.85 ppm can be obtained when the average time was 100 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Zhengzhou Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Shunda Qiao
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Zhengzhou Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Ying He
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Zhengzhou Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Advanced Fiber Devices and Systems Group, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MoE), Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Advanced Fiber Devices and Systems Group, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MoE), Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Qi
- Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Sheng Zhou
- Laser Spectroscopy and Sensing Laboratory, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Limin Xiao
- Advanced Fiber Devices and Systems Group, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MoE), Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufei Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Zhengzhou Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China
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Liang T, Qiao S, Chen Y, He Y, Ma Y. High-sensitivity methane detection based on QEPAS and H-QEPAS technologies combined with a self-designed 8.7 kHz quartz tuning fork. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2024; 36:100592. [PMID: 38322619 PMCID: PMC10844118 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2024.100592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Methane (CH4) is a greenhouse gas as well as being flammable and explosive. In this manuscript, quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) and heterodyne QEPAS (H-QEPAS) exploring a self-designed quartz tuning fork (QTF) with resonance frequency (f0) of ∼8.7 kHz was utilized to achieve sensitive CH4 detection. Compared with the standard commercial 32.768 kHz QTF, this self-designed QTF with a low f0 and large prong gap has the merits of long energy accumulation time and low optical noise. The strongest line located at 6057.08 cm-1 in the 2v3 overtone band of CH4 was chosen as the target absorption line. A diode laser with a high output power of > 30 mW was utilized as the excitation source. Acoustic micro-resonators (AmRs) were added to the sensor architecture to amplify the intensity of acoustic waves. Compared to the bare QTF, after the addition of AmRs, a signal enhancement of 149-fold and 165-fold were obtained for QEPAS and H-QEPAS systems, respectively. The corresponding minimum detection limits (MDLs) were 711 ppb and 1.06 ppm for QEPAS and H-QEPAS sensors. Furthermore, based on Allan variance analysis the MDLs can be improved to 19 ppb and 27 ppb correspondingly. Compared to the QEPAS sensor, the H-QEPAS sensor shows significantly shorter measurement timeframes, allowing for measuring the gas concentration quickly while simultaneously obtaining f0 of QTF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Zhengzhou Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Shunda Qiao
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Zhengzhou Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yanjun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Zhengzhou Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Ying He
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Zhengzhou Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yufei Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Zhengzhou Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China
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Zhu R, Gao J, Li M, Wu Y, Gao Q, Wu X, Zhang Y. Ultrasensitive Online NO Sensor Based on a Distributed Parallel Self-Regulating Neural Network and Ultraviolet Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy for Exhaled Breath Diagnosis. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1499-1507. [PMID: 38382078 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The concentration of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is closely related to human respiratory inflammation, and the detection of its concentration plays a key role in aiding diagnosing inflammatory airway diseases. In this paper, we report a gas sensor system based on a distributed parallel self-regulating neural network (DPSRNN) model combined with ultraviolet differential optical absorption spectroscopy for detecting ppb-level FeNO concentrations. The noise signals in the spectrum are eliminated by discrete wavelet transform. The DPSRNN model is then built based on the separated multipeak characteristic absorption structure of the UV absorption spectrum of NO. Furthermore, a distributed parallel network structure is built based on each absorption feature region, which is given self-regulating weights and finally trained by a unified model structure. The final self-regulating weights obtained by the model indicate that each absorption feature region contributes a different weight to the concentration prediction. Compared with the regular convolutional neural network model structure, the proposed model has better performance by considering the effect of separated characteristic absorptions in the spectrum on the concentration and breaking the habit of bringing the spectrum as a whole into the model training in previous related studies. Lab-based results show that the sensor system can stably achieve high-precision detection of NO (2.59-750.66 ppb) with a mean absolute error of 0.17 ppb and a measurement accuracy of 0.84%, which is the best result to date. More interestingly, the proposed sensor system is capable of achieving high-precision online detection of FeNO, as confirmed by the exhaled breath analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhu
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Jie Gao
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Mu Li
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yongqi Wu
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, School of Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xijun Wu
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yungang Zhang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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11
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Gong B, Mao S, Li X, Chen B. Mineral oil emulsion species and concentration prediction using multi-output neural network based on fluorescence spectra in the solar-blind UV band. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024. [PMID: 38470293 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01820b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The accurate monitoring of oil spills is crucial for effective oil spill recovery, volume determination, and cleanup. Oil slicks become emulsified under the effects of wind and waves, which increases the consistency of the oil spills. This phenomenon makes oil spills more challenging to handle and exacerbates environmental pollution. In this study, the variation of the solar-blind ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence spectra obtained from simulated oil spills with different oil types and oil-water ratios was investigated. By designing and constructing a multi-angle excitation and detection system, an apparent fluorescence peak of the oil emulsions was observed at around 290 nm under 220 nm excitation. By utilizing competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) and multi-output neural network algorithms, both the types and concentrations of the emulsified oils were obtained simultaneously. The classification accuracy for identifying the oil type exceeds 98%, and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) for concentration regression is around 2%. The results indicate that active solar-blind UV fluorescence could become a supplementary method for on-site oil spill detection to achieve comprehensive monitoring of oil spills. This study provides potential applications for UV-induced fluorescence spectrometry in oil spill on-site monitoring during the daytime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Gong
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130033, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shilei Mao
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130033, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinkai Li
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130033, China.
| | - Bo Chen
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130033, China.
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12
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Fang C, Liang T, Qiao S, He Y, Shen Z, Ma Y. Quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy sensing using trapezoidal- and round-head quartz tuning forks. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:770-773. [PMID: 38300111 DOI: 10.1364/ol.513628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
In this Letter, two novel, to the best of our knowledge, quartz tuning forks (QTFs) with trapezoidal-head and round-head were designed and adopted for quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) sensing. Based on finite element analysis, a theoretical simulation model was established to optimize the design of QTF. For performance comparison, a reported T-head QTF and a commercial QTF were also investigated. The designed QTFs have decreased resonant frequency (f0) and increased gap between the two prongs of QTF. The experimentally determined f0 of the T-head QTF, trapezoidal-head QTF, and round-head QTF were 8690.69 Hz, 9471.67 Hz, and 9499.28 Hz, respectively. The corresponding quality (Q) factors were measured as 11,142, 11,411, and 11,874. Compared to the commercial QTF, the resonance frequencies of these QTFs have reduced by 73.45%, 71.07%, and 70.99% while maintaining a comparable Q factor to the commercially mature QTF. Methane (CH4) was chosen as the analyte to verify the QTFs' performance. Compared with the commercial QTF, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the CH4-QEPAS system based on the T-head QTF, trapezoidal-head QTF, and round-head QTF has been improved by 1.75 times, 2.96 times, and 3.26 times, respectively. The performance of the CH4-QEPAS sensor based on the QTF with the best performance of the round-head QTF was investigated in detail. The results indicated that the CH4-QEPAS sensor based on the round-head QTF exhibited an excellent linear concentration response. Furthermore, a minimum detection limit (MDL) of 0.87 ppm can be achieved when the system's average time was 1200 s.
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