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Afsharnia M, Junaid S, Saravi S, Chemnitz M, Wondraczek K, Pertsch T, Schmidt MA, Setzpfandt F. Generation of infrared photon pairs by spontaneous four-wave mixing in a CS 2-filled microstructured optical fiber. Sci Rep 2024; 14:977. [PMID: 38200053 PMCID: PMC10781736 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51482-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate frequency non-degenerate photon-pair generation via spontaneous four-wave mixing from a novel CS2-filled microstructured optical fiber. CS2 has high nonlinearity, narrow Raman lines, a broad transmission spectrum, and also has a large index contrast with the microstructured silica fiber. We can achieve phase matching over a large spectral range by tuning the pump wavelength, allowing the generation of idler photons in the infrared region, which is suitable for applications in quantum spectroscopy. Moreover, we demonstrate a coincidence-to-accidental ratio of larger than 90 and a pair generation efficiency of about [Formula: see text] per pump pulse, which shows the viability of this fiber-based platform as a photon-pair source for quantum technology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Afsharnia
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 07745, Jena, Germany.
| | - Saher Junaid
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Street 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Sina Saravi
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Mario Chemnitz
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Street 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Katrin Wondraczek
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Street 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Pertsch
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, Albert-Einstein-Str. 7, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Markus A Schmidt
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Street 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Abbe Center of Photonics and Faculty of Physics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Fraunhoferstr. 6, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Frank Setzpfandt
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, Albert-Einstein-Str. 7, 07745, Jena, Germany
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Afsharnia M, Lyu Z, Pertsch T, Schmidt MA, Saravi S, Setzpfandt F. Spectral tailoring of photon pairs from microstructured suspended-core optical fibers with liquid-filled nanochannels. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:29680-29693. [PMID: 36299137 DOI: 10.1364/oe.461331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically study the generation of photon pairs via spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in a liquid-filled microstructured suspended-core optical fiber. We show that it is possible to control the wavelength, group velocity, and bandwidths of the two-photon states. Our proposed fiber structure shows a large number of degrees of freedom to engineer the two-photon state. Here, we focus on the factorable state, which shows no spectral correlation in the two-photon components of the state, and allows the heralding of a single-photon pure state without the need for spectral post-filtering.
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Frequency and polarization emission properties of a photon-pair source based on a photonic crystal fiber. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18092. [PMID: 34508119 PMCID: PMC8433350 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97563-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we experimentally demonstrate a photon-pair source with correlations in the frequency and polarization degrees of freedom. We base our source on the spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) process in a photonic crystal fiber. We show theoretically that the two-photon state is the coherent superposition of up to six distinct SFWM processes, each corresponding to a distinct combination of polarizations for the four waves involved and giving rise to an energy-conserving pair of peaks. Our experimental measurements, both in terms of single and coincidence counts, confirm the presence of these pairs of peaks, while we also present related numerical simulations with excellent experiment-theory agreement. We explicitly show how the pump frequency and polarization may be used to effectively control the signal-idler photon-pair properties, defining which of the six processes can participate in the overall two-photon state and at which optical frequencies. We analyze the signal-idler correlations in frequency and polarization, and in terms of fiber characterization, we input the SFWM-peak experimental data into a genetic algorithm which successfully predicts the values of the parameters that characterize the fiber cross section, as well as predict the particular SFWM process associated with a given pair of peaks. We believe our work will help advance the exploitation of photon-pair correlations in the frequency and polarization degrees of freedom.
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Lugani J, Francis-Jones RJA, Boutari J, Walmsley IA. Spectrally pure single photons at telecommunications wavelengths using commercial birefringent optical fiber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:5147-5163. [PMID: 32121741 DOI: 10.1364/oe.383704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report a bright and tunable source of spectrally pure heralded single photons in the telecom O-Band, based on cross-polarized four wave mixing in a commercial birefringent optical fiber. The source can achieve a purity of 85%, heralding efficiency of 30% and a coincidence-to-accidentals ratio of 108. Furthermore, through the measurements of joint spectral intensities, we find that the fiber is homogeneous over at least 45 centimeters and thus can potentially realize 4 sources that can produce identical quantum states of light. This paves the way for a cost-effective fiber-optic approach to implement multi-photon quantum optics experiments.
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De Leonardis F, Soref RA, Soltani M, Passaro VMN. Broadband biphoton generation and statistics of quantum light in the UV-visible range in an AlGaN microring resonator. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11387. [PMID: 28900191 PMCID: PMC5595950 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11617-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a physical investigation on the generation of correlated photon pairs that are broadly spaced in the ultraviolet (UV) and visible spectrum on a AlGaN/AlN integrated photonic platform which is optically transparent at these wavelengths. Using spontaneous four wave mixing (SFWM) in an AlGaN microring resonator, we show design techniques to satisfy the phase matching condition between the optical pump, the signal, and idler photon pairs, a condition which is essential and is a key hurdle when operating at short wavelength due to the strong normal dispersion of the material. Such UV-visible photon pairs are quite beneficial for interaction with qubit ions that are mostly in this wavelength range, and will enable heralding the photon-ion interaction. As a target application example, we present the systematic AlGaN microresonator design for generating signal and idler photon pairs using a blue wavelength pump, while the signal appears at the transition of ytterbium ion (171Yb+, 369.5 nm) and the idler appears in the far blue or green range. The photon pairs have minimal crosstalk to the pump power due to their broad spacing in spectral wavelength, thereby relaxing the design of on-chip integrated filters for separating pump, signal and idler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Leonardis
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e dell'Informazione, Politecnico di Bari Via Edoardo Orabona n. 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Richard A Soref
- Department of Engineering, The University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts, 02125, USA
| | - Mohammad Soltani
- Raytheon BBN Technologies, 10 Moulton Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Vittorio M N Passaro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e dell'Informazione, Politecnico di Bari Via Edoardo Orabona n. 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
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7
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Kasperczyk M, de Aguiar Júnior FS, Rabelo C, Saraiva A, Santos MF, Novotny L, Jorio A. Temporal Quantum Correlations in Inelastic Light Scattering from Water. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:243603. [PMID: 28009217 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.243603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Water is one of the most prevalent chemicals on our planet, an integral part of both our environment and our existence as a species. Yet it is also rich in anomalous behaviors. Here we reveal that water is a novel-yet ubiquitous-source for quantum correlated photon pairs at ambient conditions. The photon pairs are produced through Raman scattering, and the correlations arise from the shared quantum of a vibrational mode between the Stokes and anti-Stokes scattering events. We confirm the nonclassical nature of the produced photon pairs by showing that the cross-correlation and autocorrelations of the signals violate a Cauchy-Schwarz inequality by over 5 orders of magnitude. The unprecedented degree of violating the inequality in pure water, as well as the well-defined polarization properties of the photon pairs, points to its usefulness in quantum information.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filomeno S de Aguiar Júnior
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horiztone, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Cassiano Rabelo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horiztone, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Andre Saraiva
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-972, Brazil
| | - Marcelo F Santos
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-972, Brazil
| | - Lukas Novotny
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ado Jorio
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horiztone, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
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Kasperczyk M, Jorio A, Neu E, Maletinsky P, Novotny L. Stokes-anti-Stokes correlations in diamond. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:2393-2396. [PMID: 26393748 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.002393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the arrival statistics of Stokes (S) and anti-Stokes (aS) Raman photons generated in thin diamond crystals. Strong quantum correlations between the S and aS signals are observed, which implies that the two processes share the same phonon; that is, the phonon excited in the S process is consumed in the aS process. We show that the intensity cross-correlation g(S,aS)(2)(0), which describes the simultaneous detection of Stokes and anti-Stokes photons, increases steadily with decreasing laser power and saturates at very low pump powers, implying that the number of Stokes-induced aS photons is comparable to the number of spontaneously generated aS photons. Furthermore, the coincidence rate shows a quadratic plus cubic power dependence, indicating the generation of multiple S photons per pulse at high powers.
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Javůrek D, Svozilík J, Peřina J. Proposal for the generation of photon pairs with nonzero orbital angular momentum in a ring fiber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:23743-23748. [PMID: 25321841 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.023743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a method for the generation of correlated photon pairs in desired orbital-angular-momentum states using a non-linear silica ring fiber and spontaneous parametric down-conversion. Photon-pair emission under quasi-phase-matching conditions with quantum conversion efficiency 6 × 10(-11) is found in a 1-m long fiber with a thermally induced χ(2) nonlinearity in a ring-shaped core.
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10
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Husko CA, Clark AS, Collins MJ, De Rossi A, Combrié S, Lehoucq G, Rey IH, Krauss TF, Xiong C, Eggleton BJ. Multi-photon absorption limits to heralded single photon sources. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3087. [PMID: 24186400 PMCID: PMC3816289 DOI: 10.1038/srep03087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Single photons are of paramount importance to future quantum technologies, including quantum communication and computation. Nonlinear photonic devices using parametric processes offer a straightforward route to generating photons, however additional nonlinear processes may come into play and interfere with these sources. Here we analyse spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) sources in the presence of multi-photon processes. We conduct experiments in silicon and gallium indium phosphide photonic crystal waveguides which display inherently different nonlinear absorption processes, namely two-photon (TPA) and three-photon absorption (ThPA), respectively. We develop a novel model capturing these diverse effects which is in excellent quantitative agreement with measurements of brightness, coincidence-to-accidental ratio (CAR) and second-order correlation function g((2))(0), showing that TPA imposes an intrinsic limit on heralded single photon sources. We build on these observations to devise a new metric, the quantum utility (QMU), enabling further optimisation of single photon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad A. Husko
- Centre for Ultrahigh-bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Alex S. Clark
- Centre for Ultrahigh-bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Matthew J. Collins
- Centre for Ultrahigh-bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Alfredo De Rossi
- Thales Research and Technology, 1 Av. A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Sylvain Combrié
- Thales Research and Technology, 1 Av. A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Gaëlle Lehoucq
- Thales Research and Technology, 1 Av. A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Isabella H. Rey
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9SS, UK
| | | | - Chunle Xiong
- Centre for Ultrahigh-bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Benjamin J. Eggleton
- Centre for Ultrahigh-bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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11
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McKinstrie CJ, Marhic ME. Quadrature and number fluctuations produced by parametric devices driven by pulsed pumps. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:19437-19466. [PMID: 24105493 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.019437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Two sets of formulas are derived for the field-quadrature and photon-number fluctuations (variances and correlations) produced by parametric amplifiers and frequency convertors that are driven by pulsed pumps and act on pulsed signals. The first set is based on the Green functions for the underlying parametric processes, whereas the second is based on the associated Schmidt coefficients and modes. These formulas facilitate the modeling and performance optimization of parametric devices used in a wide variety of applications.
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12
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Huang YF, Liu BH, Peng L, Li YH, Li L, Li CF, Guo GC. Experimental generation of an eight-photon Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state. Nat Commun 2011; 2:546. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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13
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Eisaman MD, Fan J, Migdall A, Polyakov SV. Invited review article: Single-photon sources and detectors. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:071101. [PMID: 21806165 DOI: 10.1063/1.3610677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We review the current status of single-photon-source and single-photon-detector technologies operating at wavelengths from the ultraviolet to the infrared. We discuss applications of these technologies to quantum communication, a field currently driving much of the development of single-photon sources and detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Eisaman
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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Chen J, Levine ZH, Fan J, Migdall AL. Frequency-bin entangled comb of photon pairs from a Silicon-on-Insulator micro-resonator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:1470-1483. [PMID: 21263689 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.001470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present a quantum-mechanical theory to describe narrowband photon-pair generation via four-wave mixing in a Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) micro-resonator. We also provide design principles for efficient photon-pair generation in an SOI micro-resonator through extensive numerical simulations. Microring cavities are shown to have a much wider dispersion-compensated frequency range than straight cavities. A microring with an inner radius of 8 μm can output an entangled photon comb of 21 pairwise-correlated peaks (42 comb lines) spanning from 1.3 μm to 1.8 μm. Such on-chip quantum photonic devices offer a path toward future integrated quantum photonics and quantum integrated circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Optical Technology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8441, USA.
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Zhou Q, Zhang W, Cheng JR, Huang YD, Peng JD. Noise performance comparison of 1.5 microm correlated photon pair generation in different fibers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:17114-17123. [PMID: 20721100 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.017114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the noise performances of 1.5 microm correlated photon pair generation based on spontaneous four wave-mixing in three types of fibers, i.e., dispersion shifted fiber, traditional highly nonlinear fiber and highly nonlinear microstructure fiber are investigated experimentally. Result of the comparison shows that highly nonlinear microstructure fiber has the lowest Raman noise photon generation rate among the three types of fibers while correlated photon pair generation rate is the same. Theoretical analysis indicates that the noise performance is determined by the nonlinear index and Raman response of the material in fiber core. The Raman response rises with increasing doping level, while, for the nonlinear index, the impact of doping level is weak. As a result, highly nonlinear microstructure fiber with pure silica core has the best noise performance and great potential in practical sources of correlated photon pairs and heralded single photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhou
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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16
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Wu G, Li W, Wu E, Zeng H. Generation of correlated UV and visible rainbows. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:1000-1010. [PMID: 20173921 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.001000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate concurrent frequency up-conversion and down-conversion in a quadratic nonlinear medium for the generation of correlated ultraviolet and visible rainbows with one-to-one angular and spectral correspondence, facilitating generation of continuously tunable and photon-momentum-dependent multi-wavelength UV and visible twin photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Smith BJ, Mahou P, Cohen O, Lundeen JS, Walmsley IA. Photon pair generation in birefringent optical fibers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:23589-23602. [PMID: 20052068 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.023589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We study both experimentally and theoretically the generation of photon pairs by spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in standard birefringent optical fibers. The ability to produce a range of two-photon spectral states, from highly correlated (entangled) to completely factorable, by means of cross-polarized birefringent phase matching, is explored. A simple model is developed to predict the spectral state of the photon pair which shows how this can be adjusted by choosing the appropriate pump bandwidth, fiber length and birefringence. Spontaneous Raman scattering is modeled to determine the tradeoff between SFWM and background Raman noise, and the predicted results are shown to agree with experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Smith
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore, Singapore.
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Ling A, Chen J, Fan J, Migdall A. Mode expansion and Bragg filtering for a high-fidelity fiber-based photon-pair Source. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:21302-21312. [PMID: 19997369 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.021302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of a fiber-based single spatial-mode source of photon-pairs where the efficiency of extracting photon-pairs is increased through the use of fiber-end expansion and Bragg filters. This improvement in efficiency enabled a spectrally bright and pure photon-pair source having a small second-order correlation function (0.03) and a raw spectral brightness of 44,700 pairs s(-1)nm(-1)mW(-1). The source can be configured to generate entangled photon-pairs, characterized via optimal and minimal quantum state tomography, to have a fidelity of 97% and tangle of 92%, without subtracting any background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ling
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
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Zhou Q, Zhang W, Cheng J, Huang Y, Peng J. Polarization-entangled Bell states generation based on birefringence in high nonlinear microstructure fiber at 1.5 microm. OPTICS LETTERS 2009; 34:2706-2708. [PMID: 19756078 DOI: 10.1364/ol.34.002706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Polarization-entangled photon pair generation based on two scalar scattering processes of the vector four- photon scattering has been demonstrated experimentally in high nonlinear microstructure fiber with birefringence. By controlling pump polarization state, polarization-entangled Bell states can be realized. It provides a simple way to realize efficient and compact fiber-based polarization-entangled photon pair sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhou
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University Beijing, 100084, China
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20
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Clemmen S, Phan Huy K, Bogaerts W, Baets RG, Emplit P, Massar S. Continuous wave photon pair generation in silicon-on-insulator waveguides and ring resonators. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:16558-16570. [PMID: 19770871 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.016558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Silicon waveguides are promising chi(3)-based photon pair sources. Demonstrations so far have been based on picosecond pulsed lasers. Here, we present the first investigation of photon pair generation in silicon waveguides in a continuous regime. The source is characterized by coincidence measurements. We uncover the presence of unexpected noise which had not been noticed in earlier experiments. Subsequently, we present advances towards integration of the photon pair source with other components on the chip. This is demonstrated by photon pair generation in a Sagnac loop interferometer and inside a micro-ring cavity. Comparison with the straight waveguide shows that these are promising avenues for improving the source. In particular photon pair generation in the micro-ring cavity yields a source with a spectral width of approximately 150 pm resulting in a spectral brightness increased by more than 2 orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Clemmen
- Laboratoire d'Information Quantique, CP 225, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium.
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Cohen O, Lundeen JS, Smith BJ, Puentes G, Mosley PJ, Walmsley IA. Tailored photon-pair generation in optical fibers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:123603. [PMID: 19392276 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.123603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally control the spectral structure of photon pairs created via spontaneous four-wave mixing in microstructured fibers. By fabricating fibers with designed dispersion, one can manipulate the photons' wavelengths, joint spectrum, and, thus, entanglement. As an example, we produce photon pairs with no spectral correlations, allowing direct heralding of single photons in pure-state wave packets without filtering. We achieve an experimental purity of (85.9+/-1.6)%, while theoretical analysis and preliminary tests suggest that 94.5% purity is possible with a much longer fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Offir Cohen
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK.
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22
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Dyer SD, Stevens MJ, Baek B, Nam SW. High-efficiency, ultra low-noise all-fiber photon-pair source. OPTICS EXPRESS 2008; 16:9966-9977. [PMID: 18575567 DOI: 10.1364/oe.16.009966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an all-fiber photon-pair source with the highest coincidence-to-accidental ratio (CAR) reported to date in the fiber-optic telecom C-band. We achieve this through careful optimization of pairproduction efficiency as well as careful characterization and minimization of all sources of background photons, including Raman generation in the nonlinear fiber, Raman generation in the single-mode fiber, and leakage of pump photons. We cool the nonlinear fiber to 4 K to eliminate most of the Raman scattering, and we reduce other noise photon counts through careful system design. This yields a CAR of 1300 at a pair generation rate of 2 kHz. This CAR is a factor of 12 higher than previously reported results in the C-band. Measured data agree well with theoretical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shellee D Dyer
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Optoelectronics Division, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA.
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23
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Hayat A, Ginzburg P, Neiman D, Rosenblum S, Orenstein M. Hyperentanglement source by intersubband two-photon emission from semiconductor quantum wells. OPTICS LETTERS 2008; 33:1168-1170. [PMID: 18516162 DOI: 10.1364/ol.33.001168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We propose an efficient hyperentanglement source emitting photon pairs entangled in both energy and polarization. The compact electrically driven room-temperature source, based on intersubband two-photon emission from semiconductor quantum wells (QWs) exhibits pair generation rates several orders of magnitude higher than alternative conventional schemes. A theoretical formalism is derived for the calculation of photon pair generation spectra and rates. The results are presented for superlattice structures similar to quantum cascade lasers of GaAs/AlGaAs QWs emitting in the mid-IR and far-IR and for InN/AlN QW structures suitable for telecommunication wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Hayat
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
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24
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Lin Q, Agrawal GP. Silicon waveguides for creating quantum-correlated photon pairs. OPTICS LETTERS 2006; 31:3140-2. [PMID: 17041661 DOI: 10.1364/ol.31.003140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We propose to use four-wave mixing inside silicon waveguides for generating quantum-correlated photon pairs in a single spatial mode. Such silicon-based photon sources not only exhibit high pair correlation but also have high spectral brightness. As the proposed scheme is based on mature silicon technology, it has the potential of becoming a cost-effective platform for on-chip quantum information processing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Lin
- Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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25
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Fan J, Migdall A. Phase-sensitive four-wave mixing and Raman suppression in a microstructure fiber with dual laser pumps. OPTICS LETTERS 2006; 31:2771-3. [PMID: 16936887 DOI: 10.1364/ol.31.002771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
On coupling two phase-coherent frequency-conjugate laser pulses into a microstructure fiber, we observe phase-sensitive photon generation via four-wave mixing, and suppression of Raman emission at the middle frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fan
- Optical Technology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8441, USA.
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26
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Lin Q, Yaman F, Agrawal GP. Photon-pair generation by four-wave mixing in optical fibers. OPTICS LETTERS 2006; 31:1286-8. [PMID: 16642087 DOI: 10.1364/ol.31.001286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a theory to quantify a fundamental limit on correlated photon pairs generated through four-wave mixing inside optical fibers in the presence of spontaneous Raman scattering (SpRS). Our theory is able to explain current experimental data. We show that if correlated photon pairs are generated with polarization orthogonal to the pump the effect of SpRS is significantly reduced over a broad spectral region extending from 5 to 15 THz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Lin
- Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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