1
|
Fu Y, Liu Z, Yue S, Zhang K, Wang R, Zhang Z. Optical Second Harmonic Generation of Low-Dimensional Semiconductor Materials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:662. [PMID: 38668156 PMCID: PMC11054873 DOI: 10.3390/nano14080662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the phenomenon of optical second harmonic generation (SHG) has attracted significant attention as a pivotal nonlinear optical effect in research. Notably, in low-dimensional materials (LDMs), SHG detection has become an instrumental tool for elucidating nonlinear optical properties due to their pronounced second-order susceptibility and distinct electronic structure. This review offers an exhaustive overview of the generation process and experimental configurations for SHG in such materials. It underscores the latest advancements in harnessing SHG as a sensitive probe for investigating the nonlinear optical attributes of these materials, with a particular focus on its pivotal role in unveiling electronic structures, bandgap characteristics, and crystal symmetry. By analyzing SHG signals, researchers can glean invaluable insights into the microscopic properties of these materials. Furthermore, this paper delves into the applications of optical SHG in imaging and time-resolved experiments. Finally, future directions and challenges toward the improvement in the NLO in LDMs are discussed to provide an outlook in this rapidly developing field, offering crucial perspectives for the design and optimization of pertinent devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Fu
- Microelectronics Instruments and Equipment R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Beitucheng West Road, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (S.Y.); (K.Z.)
| | - Zhengyan Liu
- Microelectronics Instruments and Equipment R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Beitucheng West Road, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (S.Y.); (K.Z.)
- School of Integrated Circuits, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Song Yue
- Microelectronics Instruments and Equipment R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Beitucheng West Road, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (S.Y.); (K.Z.)
- School of Integrated Circuits, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kunpeng Zhang
- Microelectronics Instruments and Equipment R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Beitucheng West Road, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (S.Y.); (K.Z.)
| | - Ran Wang
- Microelectronics Instruments and Equipment R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Beitucheng West Road, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (S.Y.); (K.Z.)
- School of Integrated Circuits, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zichen Zhang
- Microelectronics Instruments and Equipment R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Beitucheng West Road, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (S.Y.); (K.Z.)
- School of Integrated Circuits, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang CC, Zhang JY, Feng JR, Liu ST, Ding SJ, Ma L, Wang QQ. Plasmon-enhanced second harmonic generation of metal nanostructures. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:5960-5975. [PMID: 38446099 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06675d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
As the most common nonlinear optical process, second harmonic generation (SHG) has important application value in the field of nanophotonics. With the rapid development of metal nanomaterial processing and chemical preparation technology, various structures based on metal nanoparticles have been used to achieve the enhancement and modulation of SHG. In the field of nonlinear optics, plasmonic metal nanostructures have become potential candidates for nonlinear optoelectronic devices because of their highly adjustable physical characteristics. In this article, first, the basic optical principles of SHG and the source of surface symmetry breaking in metal nanoparticles are briefly introduced. Next, the related reports on SHG in metal nanostructures are reviewed from three aspects: the enhancement of SHG efficiency by double resonance structures, the SHG effect based on magnetic resonance and the harmonic energy transfer. Then, the applications of SHG in the sensing, imaging and in situ monitoring of metal nanostructures are summarized. Future opportunities for SHG in composite systems composed of metal nanostructures and two-dimensional materials are also proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Cong Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
| | - Jia-Yi Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
| | - Jing-Ru Feng
- School of Mathematics and Physics, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
| | - Si-Ting Liu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
| | - Si-Jing Ding
- School of Mathematics and Physics, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
| | - Liang Ma
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China.
| | - Qu-Quan Wang
- School of Science, Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hybrid Three-Dimensional Spiral WSe 2 Plasmonic Structures for Highly Efficient Second-Order Nonlinear Parametric Processes. RESEARCH 2018; 2018:4164029. [PMID: 31549029 PMCID: PMC6750081 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4164029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials, with large second-order nonlinear susceptibility, are currently growing as an ideal candidate for fulfilling tunable nanoscale coherent light through the second-order nonlinear optical parametric processes. However, the atomic thickness of 2D layered materials leads to poor field confinement and weak light-matter interaction at nanoscale, resulting in low nonlinear conversion efficiency. Here, hybrid three-dimensional (3D) spiral WSe2 plasmonic structures are fabricated for highly efficient second harmonic generation (SHG) and sum-frequency generation (SFG) based on the enhanced light-matter interaction in hybrid plasmonic structures. The 3D spiral WSe2, with AA lattice stacking, exhibits efficient SH radiation due to the constructive interference of nonlinear polarization between the neighboring atomic layers. Thus, extremely high external SHG conversion efficiency (about 2.437×10−5) is achieved. Moreover, the ease of phase-matching condition combined with the enhanced light-matter interaction in hybrid plasmonic structure brings about efficient SHG and SFG simultaneously. These results would provide enlightenment for the construction of typical structures for efficient nonlinear processes.
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu X, Zhang Q, Chong WK, Yip JN, Wen X, Li Z, Wei F, Yu G, Xiong Q, Sum TC. Cooperative Enhancement of Second-Harmonic Generation from a Single CdS Nanobelt-Hybrid Plasmonic Structure. ACS NANO 2015; 9:5018-5026. [PMID: 25905978 DOI: 10.1021/nn5072045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanostructures (e.g., nanowires and nanobelts) hold great promise as subwavelength coherent light sources, nonlinear optical frequency converters, and all-optical signal processors for optoelectronic applications. However, at such small scales, optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) is generally inefficient. Herein, we report on a straightforward strategy using a thin Au layer to enhance the SHG from a single CdS nanobelt by 3 orders of magnitude. Through detailed experimental and theoretical analysis, we validate that the augmented SHG originates from the mutual intensification of the local fields induced by the plasmonic nanocavity and by the reflections within the CdS Fabry-Pérot resonant cavity in this hybrid semiconductor-metal system. Polarization-dependent SHG measurements can be employed to determine and distinguish the contributions of SH signals from the CdS nanobelt and gold film, respectively. When the thickness of gold film becomes comparable to the skin depth, SHG from the gold film can be clearly observed. Our work demonstrates a facile approach for tuning the nonlinear optical properties of mesoscopic, nanostructured, and layered semiconductor materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Liu
- †Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Qing Zhang
- †Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Wee Kiang Chong
- †Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Jing Ngei Yip
- †Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Xinglin Wen
- †Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Zhenpeng Li
- †Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Fengxia Wei
- ‡Energy Research Institute@NTU (ERI@N), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553
| | - Guannan Yu
- †Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Qihua Xiong
- †Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
- §NOVITAS, Nanoelectronics Center of Excellence, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Tze Chien Sum
- †Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
- ‡Energy Research Institute@NTU (ERI@N), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pu Y, Grange R, Hsieh CL, Psaltis D. Nonlinear optical properties of core-shell nanocavities for enhanced second-harmonic generation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:207402. [PMID: 20867063 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.207402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A nonlinear optical plasmonic core-shell nanocavity is demonstrated as an efficient, subwavelength coherent light source through second-harmonic generation. The nonlinear optical plasmonic nanocavity incorporates a noncentrosymmetric medium, which utilizes the entire mode volume for even-order nonlinear optical processes. In previous plasmonic nanocavities, enhancement of such processes was only possible at the interface but symmetry prohibited in the body. We measured an enhancement of over 500 times in the second-harmonic radiation power. Calculations show that an enhancement of over 3500 times is achievable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Pu
- Optics Laboratory, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, BM 4.107, Station 17, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Moreno-Fuquen R, Aguirre L, Kennedy AR. Redetermination of 4-nitrostilbene. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2008; 64:o2259. [PMID: 21581240 PMCID: PMC2960097 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536808035459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C14H11NO2, the benzene rings are inclined to each other with a dihedral angle between their mean planes of 8.42 (6)°. The nitro group is almost coplanar with the attached benzene ring but is rotated about the C—N bond by 5.84 (12)°. This redetermination results in a crystal structure with significantly higher precision than the original determination [Hertel & Romer (1931 ▶). Z. Kristallogr.76, 467–469], and the intermolecular interactions have been established. In the crystal structure, molecules are linked by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds to generate C(5), C(13) and edge-fused R33(28) rings.
Collapse
|