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Zhang L, Wang C, Zhang C, Xue Y, Ye Z, Xu L, Hu Y, Li J, Chu J, Wu D. High-Throughput Two-Photon 3D Printing Enabled by Holographic Multi-Foci High-Speed Scanning. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:2671-2679. [PMID: 38375804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The emerging two-photon polymerization (TPP) technique enables high-resolution printing of complex 3D structures, revolutionizing micro/nano additive manufacturing. Various fast scanning and parallel processing strategies have been proposed to promote its efficiency. However, obtaining large numbers of uniform focal spots for parallel high-speed scanning remains challenging, which hampers the realization of higher throughput. We report a TPP printing platform that combines galvanometric mirrors and liquid crystal on silicon spatial light modulator (LCoS-SLM). By setting the target light field at LCoS-SLM's diffraction center, sufficient energy is acquired to support simultaneous polymerization of over 400 foci. With fast scanning, the maximum printing speed achieves 1.49 × 108 voxels s-1, surpassing the existing scanning-based TPP methods while maintaining high printing resolution and flexibility. To demonstrate the processing capability, functional 3D microstructure arrays are rapidly fabricated and applied in micro-optics and micro-object manipulation. Our method may expand the prospects of TPP in large-scale micro/nanomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leran Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chaowei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chenchu Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Aerospace Structural Parts Forming Technology and Equipment, Institute of Industry & Equipment Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yuhang Xue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhaohui Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Liqun Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yanlei Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jiaru Chu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Dong Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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2
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Li J, Du Y, Fan C, Zhao R, Hu X, Wan J, Yang X, Cheng H, Hu Z, Zhao Z, Zhao H. Fast and robust calibration method of liquid-crystal spatial light modulator based on polarization multiplexing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:25635-25647. [PMID: 37710445 DOI: 10.1364/oe.496392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
We propose a fast and robust method for calibrating Spatial Light Modulators (SLMs) based on polarization phase-shifting interferometry. Our method effectively calibrates the SLM by addressing both the static aberration and nonlinear phase response, utilizing specially designed gray images loaded sequentially onto the SLM. Notably, we introduce a novel kinoform that effectively eliminates the influence of tilt phase shift between two shots of the polarization camera. This results in a highly accurate phase aberration map and phase modulation curve with exceptional stability, making it an ideal method to calibrate the SLM with exceptional efficiency and precision in real applications.
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3
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Zhang H, Xu J, Li H, Xu G, Xiao Y, Cheng W, Tang X, Qin Y. Modulation of high-quality internal multifoci based on modified three-dimensional Fourier transform. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:900-903. [PMID: 36790970 DOI: 10.1364/ol.479102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We report an efficient method to generate arbitrary three-dimensional (3D) parallel multifoci inside a material. Taking into account the numerical aperture of the objective lens and the refractive index of the material, the Ewald cap was modified with a longer radius, then the whole 3D intensity distribution inside the material could be calculated using only a single Fourier transform (FT). By introducing the adaptive weight coefficient, the uniformity of the 3D multifoci improves from 81.3% to 98.9%. By adjusting the axial resolution of the Ewald cap, the uniformity of the axial multifoci improves from 85.9% to 99.7%. In the experiment, we have realized one-dimensional (1D), 2D, and 3D structures inside the fused silica, which are in excellent agreement with the simulation results. The experimental results of the "H-U-S-T" structure demonstrate that customized arbitrary intensity distribution inside the material can be realized.
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4
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Kim G, Kim Y, Yun J, Moon SW, Kim S, Kim J, Park J, Badloe T, Kim I, Rho J. Metasurface-driven full-space structured light for three-dimensional imaging. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5920. [PMID: 36216802 PMCID: PMC9550774 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32117-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Structured light (SL)-based depth-sensing technology illuminates the objects with an array of dots, and backscattered light is monitored to extract three-dimensional information. Conventionally, diffractive optical elements have been used to form laser dot array, however, the field-of-view (FOV) and diffraction efficiency are limited due to their micron-scale pixel size. Here, we propose a metasurface-enhanced SL-based depth-sensing platform that scatters high-density ~10 K dot array over the 180° FOV by manipulating light at subwavelength-scale. As a proof-of-concept, we place face masks one on the beam axis and the other 50° apart from axis within distance of 1 m and estimate the depth information using a stereo matching algorithm. Furthermore, we demonstrate the replication of the metasurface using the nanoparticle-embedded-resin (nano-PER) imprinting method which enables high-throughput manufacturing of the metasurfaces on any arbitrary substrates. Such a full-space diffractive metasurface may afford ultra-compact depth perception platform for face recognition and automotive robot vision applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeongtae Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeseul Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyeong Yun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Won Moon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokwoo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekyung Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junkyeong Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Trevon Badloe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Inki Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Zhang H, Xu J, Li H, Xiao Y, Cheng W, Tang X, Qin Y. Stealth dicing of 1-mm-thick glass with aberration-free axial multi-focus beams. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:3003-3006. [PMID: 35709036 DOI: 10.1364/ol.460947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Laser stealth dicing can realize material separation with negligible surface damage, but severe aberrations in thick materials degrade processing quality. This Letter presents a nonlinear point-to-point transformation method combined with spherical aberration compensation to achieve aberration-free axial multi-focus beams. The focus peak intensity increases 7 times at a depth of 0.5 mm after spherical aberration compensation, and reaches 44 times at 3.5 mm. Spherical aberration compensation experiments showed that the width of the heat-affected zone remains almost unchanged at different depths inside the glass, and stealth dicing experiments for 1-mm-thick glass demonstrated that aberration-free 1-focus, 2-foci, and 3-foci stealth dicing can be successfully realized.
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6
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Weng X, Gao X, Sui G, Song Q, Dong X, Qu J, Zhuang S. Establishment of the fundamental phase-to-polarization link in classical optics. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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7
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Liu C, Bai C, Yu X, Yan S, Zhou Y, Li X, Min J, Yang Y, Dan D, Yao B. Extended field of view of light-sheet fluorescence microscopy by scanning multiple focus-shifted Gaussian beam arrays. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:6158-6168. [PMID: 33726142 DOI: 10.1364/oe.418707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) facilitates high temporal-spatial resolution, low photobleaching and phototoxicity for long-term volumetric imaging. However, when a high axial resolution or optical sectioning capability is required, the field of view (FOV) is limited. Here, we propose to generate a large FOV of light-sheet by scanning multiple focus-shifted Gaussian beam arrays (MGBA) while keeping the high axial resolution. The positions of the beam waists of the multiple Gaussian beam arrays are shifted in both axial and lateral directions in an optimized arranged pattern, and then scanned along the direction perpendicular to the propagation axis to form an extended FOV of light-sheet. Complementary beam subtraction method is also adopted to further improve axial resolution. Compared with the single Gaussian light-sheet method, the proposed method extends the FOV from 12 μm to 200 μm while sustaining the axial resolution of 0.73 μm. Both numerical simulation and experiment on samples are performed to verify the effectiveness of the method.
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8
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Alimohammadian E, Ertorer E, Mejia Uzeda E, Li J, Herman PR. Inhibition and enhancement of linear and nonlinear optical effects by conical phase front shaping for femtosecond laser material processing. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21528. [PMID: 33298983 PMCID: PMC7726100 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78373-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of high-powered femtosecond lasers presents the opportunity for large volume processing inside of transparent materials, wherein a myriad of nonlinear optical and aberration effects typically convolves to distort the focused beam shape. In this paper, convex and concave conical phase fronts were imposed on femtosecond laser beams and focussed into wide-bandgap glass to generate a vortex beam with tuneable Gaussian-Bessel features offset from the focal plane. The influence of Kerr lensing, plasma defocussing, and surface aberration on the conical phase front shaping were examined over low to high pulse energy delivery and for shallow to deep processing tested to 2.5 mm focussing depth. By isolating the underlying processes, the results demonstrate how conical beams can systematically manipulate the degree of nonlinear interaction and surface aberration to facilitate a controllable inhibition or enhancement of Kerr lensing, plasma defocussing, and surface aberration effects. In this way, long and uniform filament tracks have been generated over shallow to deep focussing by harnessing surface aberration and conical beam shaping without the destabilizing Kerr lensing and plasma defocussing effects. A facile means for compressing and stretching of the focal interaction volume is presented for controlling the three-dimensional micro- and nano-structuring of transparent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Alimohammadian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G4, Canada.
| | - Erden Ertorer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Erick Mejia Uzeda
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Jianzhao Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Peter R Herman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G4, Canada
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9
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Cai Y, Yan S, Wang Z, Li R, Liang Y, Zhou Y, Li X, Yu X, Lei M, Yao B. Rapid tilted-plane Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm for holographic optical tweezers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:12729-12739. [PMID: 32403764 DOI: 10.1364/oe.389897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Benefitting from the development of commercial spatial light modulator (SLM), holographic optical tweezers (HOT) have emerged as a powerful tool for life science, material science and particle physics. The calculation of computer-generated holograms (CGH) for generating multi-focus arrays plays a key role in HOT for trapping of a bunch of particles in parallel. To realize dynamic 3D manipulation, we propose a new tilted-plane GS algorithm for fast generation of multiple foci. The multi-focal spots with a uniformity of 99% can be generated in a tilted plane. The computation time for a CGH with 512×512 pixels is less than 0.1 second. We demonstrated the power of the algorithm by simultaneously trapping and rotating silica beads with a 7×7 spots array in three dimensions. The presented algorithm is expected as a powerful kernel of HOT.
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10
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Salter PS, Booth MJ. Adaptive optics in laser processing. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2019; 8:110. [PMID: 31814967 PMCID: PMC6884496 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-019-0215-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive optics are becoming a valuable tool for laser processing, providing enhanced functionality and flexibility for a range of systems. Using a single adaptive element, it is possible to correct for aberrations introduced when focusing inside the workpiece, tailor the focal intensity distribution for the particular fabrication task and/or provide parallelisation to reduce processing times. This is particularly promising for applications using ultrafast lasers for three-dimensional fabrication. We review recent developments in adaptive laser processing, including methods and applications, before discussing prospects for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S. Salter
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ UK
| | - Martin J. Booth
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ UK
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11
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Xue Y, Berry KP, Boivin JR, Rowlands CJ, Takiguchi Y, Nedivi E, So PTC. Scanless volumetric imaging by selective access multifocal multiphoton microscopy. OPTICA 2019; 6:76-83. [PMID: 31984218 PMCID: PMC6980307 DOI: 10.1364/optica.6.000076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous, high-resolution imaging across a large number of synaptic and dendritic sites is critical for understanding how neurons receive and integrate signals. Yet, functional imaging that targets a large number of submicrometer-sized synaptic and dendritic locations poses significant technical challenges. We demonstrate a new parallelized approach to address such questions, increasing the signal-to-noise ratio by an order of magnitude compared to previous approaches. This selective access multifocal multiphoton microscopy uses a spatial light modulator to generate multifocal excitation in three dimensions (3D) and a Gaussian-Laguerre phase plate to simultaneously detect fluorescence from these spots throughout the volume. We test the performance of this system by simultaneously recording Ca2+ dynamics from cultured neurons at 98-118 locations distributed throughout a 3D volume. This is the first demonstration of 3D imaging in a "single shot" and permits synchronized monitoring of signal propagation across multiple different dendrites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xue
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Kalen P. Berry
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Josiah R. Boivin
- Picower Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Christopher J. Rowlands
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Yu Takiguchi
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Elly Nedivi
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Picower Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Peter T. C. So
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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12
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Thekkekara LV, Chen X, Gu M. Two-photon-induced stretchable graphene supercapacitors. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11722. [PMID: 30082902 PMCID: PMC6079041 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30194-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct laser writing with an ultrashort laser beam pulses has emerged as a cost-effective single step technology for realizing high spatial resolution features of three-dimensional structures in confined footprints with potential for large area fabrication. Here we present the two-photon direct laser writing technology to develop high-performance stretchable biomimetic three-dimensional micro-supercapacitors with the fractal electrode distance down to 1 µm. With multilayered graphene oxide films, we show the charge transfer capability enhanced by order of 102 while the energy storage density exceeds the results in current lithium-ion batteries. The stretchability and the volumetric capacitance are increased to 150% and 86 mF/cm3 (0.181 mF/cm2), respectively. This additive nanofabrication method is highly desirable for the development of self-sustainable stretchable energy storage integrated with wearable technologies. The flexible and stretchable energy storage with a high energy density opens the new opportunity for on-chip sensing, imaging, and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litty V Thekkekara
- Laboratory of Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Xi Chen
- Laboratory of Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Min Gu
- Laboratory of Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia.
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13
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Zhu L, Yang R, Zhang D, Yu J, Chen J. Dynamic three-dimensional multifocal spots in high numerical-aperture objectives. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:24756-24766. [PMID: 29041421 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.024756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Multifocal spots in high numerical-aperture (NA) objectives has emerged as a rapid, parallel, and multi-location method in a multitude of applications. However, the typical method used for forming three-dimensional (3D) multifocal spots based on iterative algorithms limits the potential applications. We demonstrate a non-iterative method using annular subzone phases (ASPs) that are composed of many annular subareas in which phase-only distributions with different 3D displacements are filled. The dynamic 3D multifocal spots with controllable position of each focal spot in the focal volume of the objective are created using the ASPs. The experimental results of such dynamic tunable 3D multifocal spots offer the possibility of versatile process in laser 3D fabrication, optical trapping, and fast focusing scanned microscopic imaging.
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14
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Hao C, Nie Z, Ye H, Li H, Luo Y, Feng R, Yu X, Wen F, Zhang Y, Yu C, Teng J, Luk’yanchuk B, Qiu CW. Three-dimensional supercritical resolved light-induced magnetic holography. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1701398. [PMID: 29043295 PMCID: PMC5640382 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In the era of big data, there exists a growing gap between data generated and storage capacity using two-dimensional (2D) magnetic storage technologies (for example, hard disk drives), because they have reached their performance saturation. 3D volumetric all-optical magnetic holography is emerging rapidly as a promising road map to realizing high-density capacity for its fast magnetization control and subwavelength magnetization volume. However, most of the reported light-induced magnetization confronts the problems of impurely longitudinal magnetization, diffraction-limited spot, and uncontrollable magnetization reversal. To overcome these challenges, we propose a novel 3D light-induced magnetic holography based on the conceptual supercritical design with multibeam combination in the 4π microscopic system. We theoretically demonstrate a 3D deep super-resolved [Formula: see text] purely longitudinal magnetization spot by focusing six coherent circularly polarized beams with two opposing high numerical aperture objectives, which allows 3D magnetic holography with a volumetric storage density of up to 1872 terabit per cubic inches. The number and locations of the super-resolved magnetization spots are controllable, and thus, desired magnetization arrays in 3D volume can be produced with properly designed phase filters. Moreover, flexible magnetization reversals are also demonstrated in multifocal arrays by using different illuminations with opposite light helicity. In addition to data storage, this magnetic holography may find applications in information security, such as identity verification for a credit card with magnetic stripe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Hao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore,4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Kinesis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Zhongquan Nie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Huapeng Ye
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore,4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Hao Li
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Kinesis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Yang Luo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore,4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Rui Feng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore,4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Xia Yu
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Kinesis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Feng Wen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore,4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education and Institute of Wide Bandgap Semiconductors, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Kinesis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Changyuan Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore,4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jinghua Teng
- Istitute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Boris Luk’yanchuk
- Data Storage Institute, A*STAR, Singapore 138634, Singapore
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore,4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Nie ZQ, Lin H, Liu XF, Zhai AP, Tian YT, Wang WJ, Li DY, Ding WQ, Zhang XR, Song YL, Jia BH. Three-dimensional super-resolution longitudinal magnetization spot arrays. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2017; 6:e17032. [PMID: 30167282 PMCID: PMC6062314 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2017.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an all-optical strategy for realizing spherical three-dimensional (3D) super-resolution (∼λ3/22) spot arrays of pure longitudinal magnetization by exploiting a 4π optical microscopic setup with two high numerical aperture (NA) objective lenses, which focus and interfere two modulated vectorial beams. Multiple phase filters (MPFs) are designed via an analytical approach derived from the vectorial Debye diffraction theory to modulate the two circularly polarized beams. The system is tailored to constructively interfere the longitudinal magnetization components, while simultaneously destructively interfering the azimuthal ones. As a result, the magnetization field is not only purely longitudinal but also super-resolved in all three dimensions. Furthermore, the MPFs can be designed analytically to control the number and locations of the super-resolved magnetization spots to produce both uniform and nonuniform arrays in a 3D volume. Thus, an all-optical control of all the properties of light-induced magnetization spot arrays has been demonstrated for the first time. These results open up broad applications in magnetic-optical devices such as confocal and multifocal magnetic resonance microscopy, 3D ultrahigh-density magneto-optic memory, and light-induced magneto-lithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Quan Nie
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems, Ministry of Education of Shanxi Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Han Lin
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Xiao-Fei Liu
- Department of Science, Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan 030008, China
| | - Ai-Ping Zhai
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems, Ministry of Education of Shanxi Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yan-Ting Tian
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems, Ministry of Education of Shanxi Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Wen-Jie Wang
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems, Ministry of Education of Shanxi Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Dong-Yu Li
- Department of Physics, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China
| | - Wei-Qiang Ding
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xue-Ru Zhang
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ying-Lin Song
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Bao-Hua Jia
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems, Ministry of Education of Shanxi Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
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16
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Ogura Y, Aino M, Tanida J. Diffractive fan-out elements for wavelength-multiplexing subdiffraction-limit spot generation in three dimensions. APPLIED OPTICS 2016; 55:6371-6380. [PMID: 27534481 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.006371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Wavelength-multiplexing generation of subdiffraction-limit spots in three dimensions using propagating light was demonstrated and evaluated. Our previous design algorithm [Opt. Express22, 25196 (2014)OPEXFF1094-408710.1364/OE.22.025196] was extended to consider multiple output planes and multiple wavelengths by integrating modulation distributions for individual wavelengths. A diffractive fan-out element that generates subdiffraction-limit spot arrays with two wavelengths on two planes was demonstrated. Spot sizes were reduced to 79% of that of the diffraction-limit spot on average. Numerical calculations showed that seven-wavelength multiplexing is achievable, and the cross-talk suppression conditions are effective for cross-talk suppression between wavelengths.
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17
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Ren H, Li X, Zhang Q, Gu M. On-chip noninterference angular momentum multiplexing of broadband light. Science 2016; 352:805-9. [PMID: 27056843 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Angular momentum division has emerged as a physically orthogonal multiplexing method in high-capacity optical information technologies. However, the typical bulky elements used for information retrieval from the overall diffracted field, based on the interference method, impose a fundamental limit toward realizing on-chip multiplexing. We demonstrate noninterference angular momentum multiplexing by using a mode-sorting nanoring aperture with a chip-scale footprint as small as 4.2 micrometers by 4.2 micrometers, where nanoring slits exhibit a distinctive outcoupling efficiency on tightly confined plasmonic modes. The nonresonant mode-sorting sensitivity and scalability of our approach enable on-chip parallel multiplexing over a bandwidth of 150 nanometers in the visible wavelength range. The results offer the possibility of ultrahigh-capacity and miniaturized nanophotonic devices harnessing angular momentum division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Ren
- Centre for Micro-Photonics and Centre for Ultrahigh Bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Xiangping Li
- Centre for Micro-Photonics and Centre for Ultrahigh Bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia. Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiming Zhang
- Centre for Micro-Photonics and Centre for Ultrahigh Bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia. Artificial Intelligence Nanophotonics Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Min Gu
- Centre for Micro-Photonics and Centre for Ultrahigh Bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia. Artificial Intelligence Nanophotonics Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia.
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18
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MU TINGKUI, CHEN ZEYU, WU RENGMAO, PACHECO SHAUN, ZHANG CHUNMIN, LIANG RONGGUANG. Generation of a controllable multifocal array from a modulated azimuthally polarized beam. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:261-4. [PMID: 26766689 PMCID: PMC4852881 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.000261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, the focal spot areas of an azimuthally polarized beam modulated with a vortex-0-2π-phase plate or a π-phase-step plate are numerically found to be smaller than a radially polarized beam for three pupil functions with uniform, Gaussian, and Bessel-Gauss profiles. Several types of multizone phase plates are theoretically designed and numerically simulated for generating tight multifocal arrays from the azimuthally polarized beams for what we believe is the first time. The positions and polarization states of the multifocal arrays can be controlled simply by varying the pattern of the multizone plates. The produced multifocal array with controllable position and polarization is beneficial to parallel optical recording and parallel optical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- TINGKUI MU
- Institute of Space Optics, School of Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - ZEYU CHEN
- Institute of Space Optics, School of Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - RENGMAO WU
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - SHAUN PACHECO
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - CHUNMIN ZHANG
- Institute of Space Optics, School of Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - RONGGUANG LIANG
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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19
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Zhu L, Sun M, Zhang D, Yu J, Wen J, Chen J. Multifocal array with controllable polarization in each focal spot. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:24688-24698. [PMID: 26406670 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.024688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We propose a method for producing multifocal spot arrays (MSAs) capable of controlling the position and polarization orientation of each focal spot with radially polarized Bessel-Gaussian beam. Based on a simple analytical equation that can be used to manipulate the position of the focal spot, we design a type of multi-zone plate (MZP) composed of many fan-shaped subareas which accordingly generate lateral position-controllable multifocal spots. By adding a π-phase difference between a division line passing through the center of the back aperture with different orientations to corresponding subareas of the MZP, we realize MSAs in which orientations of the linear polarization in each focal spot can be arbitrarily manipulated. Such position and polarization controllable MSAs may potentially have applications in many fields.
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20
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You S, Kuang C, Toussaint KC, Zhou R, Xia X, Liu X. Iterative phase-retrieval method for generating stereo array of polarization-controlled focal spots. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:3532-3535. [PMID: 26258350 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.003532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This Letter introduces an iterative phase-retrieval method based on the Gerchberg-Saxton (G-S) algorithm for generating any arbitrary 3D pattern in image space, while simultaneously controlling the polarization orientation at each pixel. For proof-of-principle, we generate a stereo focal spot array with distinct polarization orientation for each spot. This method is universal for controlling the output polarization; the only requirement is that the input polarization should be spatially inhomogeneous. This work has the potential to impact coherent imaging techniques and spectroscopy.
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21
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Haist T, Peter A, Osten W. Holographic projection with field-dependent aberration correction. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:5590-5595. [PMID: 25836791 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.005590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present an algorithm for the computation of computer-generated holograms projecting arbitrary patterns through optical reconstruction systems with strong field-dependent aberrations. The algorithm is based on a modification of the iterative Fourier transform algorithm. Aberrations are specified using Zernike polynomials. The trade-off between reconstruction error and diffraction efficiency can be altered using a simple constant within the algorithm. We show first experimental results for the correction of the reconstruction through a strongly aberrated Fourier system.
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22
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Ren H, Li X, Gu M. Polarization-multiplexed multifocal arrays by a π-phase-step-modulated azimuthally polarized beam. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:6771-4. [PMID: 25502993 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.006771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a polarization-multiplexed multifocal array capable of individually manipulating the focal polarization state in each focal spot. Breaking the rotational phase symmetry through adding a π-phase-step to an azimuthally polarized beam leads to a linear focal polarization state with high polarization purity. Through the superposition of such modulated azimuthal polarization fields at the back aperture of the objective, multifocal arrays with individually controllable and non-identical polarization states can be achieved. In addition, this approach exhibits a sub-diffraction-limited feature with an improved lateral resolution of 10% reduced full width at half-maximums in each linearly polarized focal spot. Consequently, applying this technique to parallel polarization-multiplexed optical recording is demonstrated.
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23
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Zhu L, Sun M, Zhu M, Chen J, Gao X, Ma W, Zhang D. Three-dimensional shape-controllable focal spot array created by focusing vortex beams modulated by multi-value pure-phase grating. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:21354-21367. [PMID: 25321514 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.021354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We propose a method for creating a three-dimensional (3D) shape-controllable focal spot array by combination of a two-dimensional (2D) pure-phase modulation grating and an additional axial shifting pure-phase modulation composed of four-quadrant phase distribution unit at the back aperture of a high numerical aperture (NA) objective. It is demonstrated that the one-dimensional (1D) grating designed by optimized algorithm of selected number of equally spaced arbitrary phase value in a single period could produce desired number of equally spaced diffraction spot with identical intensity. It is also shown that the 2D pure-phase grating designed with this method could generate 2D diffraction spot array. The number of the spots in the array along each of two dimensions depends solely on the number of divided area with different phase values of the dimension. We also show that, by combining the axial translation phase modulation at the back aperture, we can create 3D focal spot array at the focal volume of the high NA objective. Furthermore, the shape or intensity distribution of each focal spot in the 3D focal array can be manipulated by introducing spatially shifted multi vortex beams as the incident beam. These kinds of 3D shape-controllable focal spot array could be utilized in the fabrication of artificial metamaterials, in parallel optical micromanipulation and multifocal multiphoton microscopic imaging.
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