1
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Angulo AM, Heine J, Duran Gomez JSS, Mahmudlu H, Haldar R, Klitis C, Sorel M, Kues M. Shaping the spectral correlation of bi-photon quantum frequency combs by multi-frequency excitation of an SOI integrated nonlinear resonator. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:5583-5586. [PMID: 37910708 DOI: 10.1364/ol.503909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
We reveal the generation of a broadband (> 1.9 THz) bi-photon quantum frequency comb (QFC) in a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) Fabry-Pérot micro-cavity and the control of its spectral correlation properties. Correlated photon pairs are generated through three spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) processes by using a co-polarized bi-chromatic coherent input with power P1 and P2 on adjacent resonances of the nonlinear cavity. Adjusting the spectral power ratio r = P1/(P1 + P2) allows control over the influence of each process leading to an enhancement of the overall photon pair generation rate (PGR) μ(r) by a maximal factor of μ(r = 0.5)/μ(r = 0) ≈ 1.5, compared to the overall PGR provided by a single-pump configuration with the same power budget. We demonstrate that the efficiency aND of the non-degenerate excitation SFWM process (NDP) doubles the efficiency a1 ≈ a2 of the degenerate excitation SFWM processes (DP), showing a good agreement with the provided model.
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2
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Matsko AB, Maleki L. Low threshold Kerr solitons. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:715-718. [PMID: 36723571 DOI: 10.1364/ol.479572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pumping a nonlinear optical cavity with continuous wave coherent light can result in generation of a stable train of short optical pulses. Pumping the cavity with a non-degenerate resonant coherent dichromatic pump usually does not produce a stable mode-locked regime due to competition of the oscillations at the pump frequencies. We show that generation of stable optical pulses is feasible in a dichromatically pumped cavity characterized with group velocity dispersion optimized in a way that the group velocity value becomes identical for the generated pulses and the beat note of the pump harmonics. The power threshold of the process drops nearly four times in this case and the produced pulses become sub-harmonically locked to the dichromatic pump harmonics. The process is useful for generation of broadband optical frequency combs and optical time crystals.
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3
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Chermoshentsev DA, Shitikov AE, Lonshakov EA, Grechko GV, Sazhina EA, Kondratiev NM, Masalov AV, Bilenko IA, Lvovsky AI, Ulanov AE. Dual-laser self-injection locking to an integrated microresonator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:17094-17105. [PMID: 36221539 DOI: 10.1364/oe.454687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Diode laser self-injection locking (SIL) to a whispering gallery mode of a high quality factor resonator is a widely used method for laser linewidth narrowing and high-frequency noise suppression. SIL has already been used for the demonstration of ultra-low-noise photonic microwave oscillators and soliton microcomb generation and has a wide range of possible applications. Up to date, SIL was demonstrated only with a single laser. However, multi-frequency and narrow-linewidth laser sources are in high demand for modern telecommunication systems, quantum technologies, and microwave photonics. Here we experimentally demonstrate the dual-laser SIL of two multifrequency laser diodes to different modes of an integrated Si3N4 microresonator. Simultaneous spectrum collapse of both lasers, as well as linewidth narrowing and high-frequency noise suppression , as well as strong nonlinear interaction of the two fields with each other, are observed. Locking both lasers to the same mode results in a simultaneous frequency and phase stabilization and coherent addition of their outputs. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive dual-SIL theory and investigate the influence of lasers on each other caused by nonlinear effects in the microresonator.
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4
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Sun Q, Wu W, Wang Y, Yang Y, Shi L, Ming X, Wang L, Wang K, Zhao W, Zhang W. Mid-infrared optical parametric oscillation spanning 3.4-8.2 μm in a MgF 2microresonator. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:210003. [PMID: 35133297 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac52bf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mid-infrared optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) offer a compelling route for accessing the 'molecular fingerprint' region and, thus, can find intensive applications such as precision spectroscopy and trace gas detection. Yet it still remains rather a challenge to realize broadband mid-infrared OPOs within a single cavity, usually limited by strict phase-matching conditions for wide spectral coverage and available pump power for adequate frequency generation. Here, we report the mid-infrared parametric oscillation spanning from 3.4 to 8.2μm, based on four-wave mixing in a high-QMgF2microresonator with optimized dispersion. The center wavelength at 4.78μm is determined by the continuous tunable quantum cascade laser source, which contributes to effective expansion towards longer wavelength, as well as systemic miniaturization with smaller pump module. Such results could not only shed light on new ultimates of crystal and other microresonators, but also inspire explorations on their growing potentials in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianshun Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Leiran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Keyi Wang
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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5
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Roy A, Jahani S, Langrock C, Fejer M, Marandi A. Spectral phase transitions in optical parametric oscillators. Nat Commun 2021; 12:835. [PMID: 33547312 PMCID: PMC7864919 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Driven nonlinear resonators provide a fertile ground for phenomena related to phase transitions far from equilibrium, which can open opportunities unattainable in their linear counterparts. Here, we show that optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) can undergo second-order phase transitions in the spectral domain between degenerate and non-degenerate regimes. This abrupt change in the spectral response follows a square-root dependence around the critical point, exhibiting high sensitivity to parameter variation akin to systems around an exceptional point. We experimentally demonstrate such a phase transition in a quadratic OPO. We show that the divergent susceptibility of the critical point is accompanied by spontaneous symmetry breaking and distinct phase noise properties in the two regimes, indicating the importance of a beyond nonlinear bifurcation interpretation. We also predict the occurrence of first-order spectral phase transitions in coupled OPOs. Our results on non-equilibrium spectral behaviors can be utilized for enhanced sensing, advanced computing, and quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadev Roy
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Saman Jahani
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Carsten Langrock
- Edward L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Martin Fejer
- Edward L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Alireza Marandi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
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6
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Vaidya VD, Morrison B, Helt LG, Shahrokshahi R, Mahler DH, Collins MJ, Tan K, Lavoie J, Repingon A, Menotti M, Quesada N, Pooser RC, Lita AE, Gerrits T, Nam SW, Vernon Z. Broadband quadrature-squeezed vacuum and nonclassical photon number correlations from a nanophotonic device. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/39/eaba9186. [PMID: 32967824 PMCID: PMC7531882 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba9186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report demonstrations of both quadrature-squeezed vacuum and photon number difference squeezing generated in an integrated nanophotonic device. Squeezed light is generated via strongly driven spontaneous four-wave mixing below threshold in silicon nitride microring resonators. The generated light is characterized with both homodyne detection and direct measurements of photon statistics using photon number-resolving transition-edge sensors. We measure 1.0(1) decibels of broadband quadrature squeezing (~4 decibels inferred on-chip) and 1.5(3) decibels of photon number difference squeezing (~7 decibels inferred on-chip). Nearly single temporal mode operation is achieved, with measured raw unheralded second-order correlations g (2) as high as 1.95(1). Multiphoton events of over 10 photons are directly detected with rates exceeding any previous quantum optical demonstration using integrated nanophotonics. These results will have an enabling impact on scaling continuous variable quantum technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - L G Helt
- Xanadu, Toronto, ON M5G 2C8, Canada
| | | | | | | | - K Tan
- Xanadu, Toronto, ON M5G 2C8, Canada
| | - J Lavoie
- Xanadu, Toronto, ON M5G 2C8, Canada
| | | | | | | | - R C Pooser
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - A E Lita
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - T Gerrits
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - S W Nam
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Z Vernon
- Xanadu, Toronto, ON M5G 2C8, Canada.
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7
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Okawachi Y, Yu M, Jang JK, Ji X, Zhao Y, Kim BY, Lipson M, Gaeta AL. Demonstration of chip-based coupled degenerate optical parametric oscillators for realizing a nanophotonic spin-glass. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4119. [PMID: 32807796 PMCID: PMC7431591 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17919-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The need for solving optimization problems is prevalent in various physical applications, including neuroscience, network design, biological systems, socio-economics, and chemical reactions. Many of these are classified as non-deterministic polynomial-time hard and thus become intractable to solve as the system scales to a large number of elements. Recent research advances in photonics have sparked interest in using a network of coupled degenerate optical parametric oscillators (DOPOs) to effectively find the ground state of the Ising Hamiltonian, which can be used to solve other combinatorial optimization problems through polynomial-time mapping. Here, using the nanophotonic silicon-nitride platform, we demonstrate a spatial-multiplexed DOPO system using continuous-wave pumping. We experimentally demonstrate the generation and coupling of two microresonator-based DOPOs on a single chip. Through a reconfigurable phase link, we achieve both in-phase and out-of-phase operation, which can be deterministically achieved at a fast regeneration speed of 400 kHz with a large phase tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitomo Okawachi
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Mengjie Yu
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Jae K Jang
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Xingchen Ji
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Bok Young Kim
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Michal Lipson
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Alexander L Gaeta
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
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8
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Zhao Y, Okawachi Y, Jang JK, Ji X, Lipson M, Gaeta AL. Near-Degenerate Quadrature-Squeezed Vacuum Generation on a Silicon-Nitride Chip. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:193601. [PMID: 32469562 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.193601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Squeezed states are a primary resource for continuous-variable (CV) quantum information processing. To implement CV protocols in a scalable and robust way, it is desirable to generate and manipulate squeezed states using an integrated photonics platform. In this Letter, we demonstrate the generation of quadrature-phase squeezed states in the radio-frequency carrier sideband using a small-footprint silicon-nitride microresonator with a dual-pumped four-wave-mixing process. We record a squeezed noise level of 1.34 dB (±0.16 dB) below the photocurrent shot noise, which corresponds to 3.09 dB (±0.49 dB) of quadrature squeezing on chip. We also show that it is critical to account for the nonlinear behavior of the pump fields to properly predict the squeezing that can be generated in this system. This technology represents a significant step toward creating and manipulating large-scale CV cluster states that can be used for quantum information applications, including universal quantum computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Yoshitomo Okawachi
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Jae K Jang
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Xingchen Ji
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Michal Lipson
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Alexander L Gaeta
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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9
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Weng W, Bouchand R, Lucas E, Obrzud E, Herr T, Kippenberg TJ. Heteronuclear soliton molecules in optical microresonators. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2402. [PMID: 32409631 PMCID: PMC7224298 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15720-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical soliton molecules are bound states of solitons that arise from the balance between attractive and repulsive effects. Having been observed in systems ranging from optical fibres to mode-locked lasers, they provide insights into the fundamental interactions between solitons and the underlying dynamics of the nonlinear systems. Here, we enter the multistability regime of a Kerr microresonator to generate superpositions of distinct soliton states that are pumped at the same optical resonance, and report the discovery of heteronuclear dissipative Kerr soliton molecules. Ultrafast electrooptical sampling reveals the tightly short-range bound nature of such soliton molecules, despite comprising cavity solitons of dissimilar amplitudes, durations and carrier frequencies. Besides the significance they hold in resolving soliton dynamics in complex nonlinear systems, such heteronuclear soliton molecules yield coherent frequency combs whose unusual mode structure may find applications in metrology and spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenle Weng
- Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Romain Bouchand
- Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Erwan Lucas
- Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Time and Frequency Division, NIST, Boulder, CO 80305, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Ewelina Obrzud
- Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology (CSEM), Rue de l'Observatoire 58, 2000, Neuchâte, Switzerland.,Geneva Observatory, University of Geneva, Chemin des Maillettes 51, 12901, Versoix, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Herr
- Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology (CSEM), Rue de l'Observatoire 58, 2000, Neuchâte, Switzerland
| | - Tobias J Kippenberg
- Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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10
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Sierra JH, Rangel RC, Samad RE, Vieira ND, Alayo MI, Carvalho DO. Low-loss pedestal Ta 2O 5 nonlinear optical waveguides. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:37516-37521. [PMID: 31878530 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.037516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we investigate a pedestal tantalum oxide (Ta2O5) material platform for integrated nonlinear optics (NLO). In order to achieve low propagation losses with this material, pedestal waveguides with Ta2O5 cores were designed. The nonlinear refractive index n2 of this new platform was obtained by measuring the amount of spectral broadening due to self-phase modulation (SPM) of 23 fs optical pulses at 785 nm propagating through the waveguides. In this manner, a nonlinear index of (5.8 ± 2.0) × 10-19 m2W-1 was found for this material, which is in good agreement with values reported in related works where strip waveguides were used for a similar purpose. Furthermore, due to the pedestal configuration, propagation losses as low as 1.6 dB·cm-1 for narrow waveguides and 0.1 dB·cm-1 for large waveguides were obtained. Finite element method (FEM) mode analysis was performed to calculate the mode characteristics, as well as the effective areas of the waveguides. The high nonlinear and linear refractive indices, wide bandgap and low propagation losses make this platform ideal for applications extending from the visible into the mid-IR regions of the optical spectrum. Due the large gap, Ta2O5 should have low two photon absorption at the near-IR as well.
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11
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Kim BY, Okawachi Y, Jang JK, Yu M, Ji X, Zhao Y, Joshi C, Lipson M, Gaeta AL. Turn-key, high-efficiency Kerr comb source. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:4475-4478. [PMID: 31517910 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.004475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an approach for automated Kerr comb generation in the normal group-velocity dispersion (GVD) regime. Using a coupled-ring geometry in silicon nitride, we precisely control the wavelength location and splitting strength of avoided mode crossings to generate low-noise frequency combs with pump-to-comb conversion efficiencies of up to 41%, which is the highest reported to date for normal-GVD Kerr combs. Our technique enables on-demand generation of a high-power comb source for applications such as wavelength-division multiplexing in optical communications.
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12
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Bao C, Liao P, Kordts A, Zhang L, Karpov M, Pfeiffer MHP, Cao Y, Yan Y, Almaiman A, Xie G, Mohajerin-Ariaei A, Li L, Ziyadi M, Wilkinson SR, Tur M, Kippenberg TJ, Willner AE. Dual-pump generation of high-coherence primary Kerr combs with multiple sub-lines. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:595-598. [PMID: 28146536 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.000595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally generate high-coherence primary Kerr combs with multiple sub-lines by using dual pumps and demonstrate the application of a primary comb state in multichannel communications. We find that more than 10 primary comb lines can be generated within the spectrum of modulation instability gain in our microring resonator. The generation is also verified by numerical simulations and the measured linewidth confirms the high coherence of the generated primary comb lines. We also demonstrate the high-coherence characteristics in a coherent communication experiment, in which each comb line is encoded with 20 Gbaud quadrature phase-shift-keyed signals.
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13
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Ceoldo D, Bendahmane A, Fatome J, Millot G, Hansson T, Modotto D, Wabnitz S, Kibler B. Multiple four-wave mixing and Kerr combs in a bichromatically pumped nonlinear fiber ring cavity. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:5462-5465. [PMID: 27906213 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.005462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report numerical and experimental studies of multiple four-wave mixing processes emerging from dual-frequency pumping of a passive nonlinear fiber ring cavity. We observe the formation of a periodic train of nearly background-free soliton pulses associated with Kerr frequency combs. The generation of resonant dispersive waves is also reported.
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14
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Inagaki T, Haribara Y, Igarashi K, Sonobe T, Tamate S, Honjo T, Marandi A, McMahon PL, Umeki T, Enbutsu K, Tadanaga O, Takenouchi H, Aihara K, Kawarabayashi KI, Inoue K, Utsunomiya S, Takesue H. A coherent Ising machine for 2000-node optimization problems. Science 2016; 354:603-606. [PMID: 27811271 DOI: 10.1126/science.aah4243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The analysis and optimization of complex systems can be reduced to mathematical problems collectively known as combinatorial optimization. Many such problems can be mapped onto ground-state search problems of the Ising model, and various artificial spin systems are now emerging as promising approaches. However, physical Ising machines have suffered from limited numbers of spin-spin couplings because of implementations based on localized spins, resulting in severe scalability problems. We report a 2000-spin network with all-to-all spin-spin couplings. Using a measurement and feedback scheme, we coupled time-multiplexed degenerate optical parametric oscillators to implement maximum cut problems on arbitrary graph topologies with up to 2000 nodes. Our coherent Ising machine outperformed simulated annealing in terms of accuracy and computation time for a 2000-node complete graph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Inagaki
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan.
| | - Yoshitaka Haribara
- Department of Mathematical Informatics, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.,National Institute of Informatics, Hitotsubashi 2-1-2, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8403, Japan
| | - Koji Igarashi
- Division of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sonobe
- National Institute of Informatics, Hitotsubashi 2-1-2, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8403, Japan.,ERATO Kawarabayashi Large Graph Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Hitotsubashi 2-1-2, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8403, Japan
| | - Shuhei Tamate
- National Institute of Informatics, Hitotsubashi 2-1-2, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8403, Japan
| | - Toshimori Honjo
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Alireza Marandi
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Peter L McMahon
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Takeshi Umeki
- NTT Device Technology Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Koji Enbutsu
- NTT Device Technology Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Osamu Tadanaga
- NTT Device Technology Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takenouchi
- NTT Device Technology Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Aihara
- Department of Mathematical Informatics, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Kawarabayashi
- National Institute of Informatics, Hitotsubashi 2-1-2, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8403, Japan.,ERATO Kawarabayashi Large Graph Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Hitotsubashi 2-1-2, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8403, Japan
| | - Kyo Inoue
- Division of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shoko Utsunomiya
- National Institute of Informatics, Hitotsubashi 2-1-2, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8403, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takesue
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan.
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15
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McMahon PL, Marandi A, Haribara Y, Hamerly R, Langrock C, Tamate S, Inagaki T, Takesue H, Utsunomiya S, Aihara K, Byer RL, Fejer MM, Mabuchi H, Yamamoto Y. A fully programmable 100-spin coherent Ising machine with all-to-all connections. Science 2016; 354:614-617. [PMID: 27811274 DOI: 10.1126/science.aah5178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Unconventional, special-purpose machines may aid in accelerating the solution of some of the hardest problems in computing, such as large-scale combinatorial optimizations, by exploiting different operating mechanisms than those of standard digital computers. We present a scalable optical processor with electronic feedback that can be realized at large scale with room-temperature technology. Our prototype machine is able to find exact solutions of, or sample good approximate solutions to, a variety of hard instances of Ising problems with up to 100 spins and 10,000 spin-spin connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L McMahon
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. .,National Institute of Informatics, 2-1-2 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan
| | - Alireza Marandi
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Yoshitaka Haribara
- National Institute of Informatics, 2-1-2 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan.,Department of Mathematical Informatics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Ryan Hamerly
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Carsten Langrock
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shuhei Tamate
- National Institute of Informatics, 2-1-2 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan
| | - Takahiro Inagaki
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, 3-1 Morinosato, Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takesue
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, 3-1 Morinosato, Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Shoko Utsunomiya
- National Institute of Informatics, 2-1-2 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Aihara
- Department of Mathematical Informatics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Robert L Byer
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M M Fejer
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hideo Mabuchi
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yoshihisa Yamamoto
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,ImPACT Program, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Gobancho 7, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
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16
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Takesue H, Inagaki T. 10 GHz clock time-multiplexed degenerate optical parametric oscillators for a photonic Ising spin network. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:4273-4276. [PMID: 27628375 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.004273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A coherent Ising machine based on degenerate optical parametric oscillators (DOPOs) is drawing attention as a way to find a solution to the ground-state search problem of the Ising model. Here we report the generation of time-multiplexed DOPOs at a 10 GHz clock frequency. We successfully generated >50,000 DOPOs using dual-pump four-wave mixing in a highly nonlinear fiber that formed a 1 km cavity, and observed phase bifurcation of the DOPOs, which suggests that the DOPOs can be used as stable artificial spins. In addition, we demonstrated the generation of more than 1 million DOPOs by extending the cavity length to 21 km. We also confirmed that the binary numbers obtained from the DOPO phase-difference measurement passed the NIST random number test, which suggests that we can obtain unbiased artificial spins.
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17
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Okawachi Y, Yu M, Luke K, Carvalho DO, Lipson M, Gaeta AL. Quantum random number generator using a microresonator-based Kerr oscillator. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:4194-4197. [PMID: 27628355 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.004194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an all-optical quantum random number generator using a dual-pumped degenerate optical parametric oscillator in a silicon nitride microresonator. The frequency-degenerate bi-phase state output is realized using parametric four-wave mixing in the normal group-velocity dispersion regime with two nondegenerate pumps. We achieve a random number generation rate of 2 MHz and verify the randomness of our output using the National Institute of Standards and Technology Statistical Test Suite. The scheme offers potential for a chip-scale random number generator with gigahertz generation rates and no postprocessing.
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18
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Wang W, Chu ST, Little BE, Pasquazi A, Wang Y, Wang L, Zhang W, Wang L, Hu X, Wang G, Hu H, Su Y, Li F, Liu Y, Zhao W. Dual-pump Kerr Micro-cavity Optical Frequency Comb with varying FSR spacing. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28501. [PMID: 27338250 PMCID: PMC4919787 DOI: 10.1038/srep28501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate a novel dual-pump approach to generate robust optical frequency comb with varying free spectral range (FSR) spacing in a CMOS-compatible high-Q micro-ring resonator (MRR). The frequency spacing of the comb can be tuned by an integer number FSR of the MRR freely in our dual-pump scheme. The dual pumps are self-oscillated in the laser cavity loop and their wavelengths can be tuned flexibly by programming the tunable filter embedded in the cavity. By tuning the pump wavelength, broadband OFC with the bandwidth of >180 nm and the frequency-spacing varying from 6 to 46-fold FSRs is realized at a low pump power. This approach could find potential and practical applications in many areas, such as optical metrology, optical communication, and signal processing systems, for its excellent flexibility and robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi'an 710119, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,China-UK Joint Research Center on Micro/Nano photonics, XIOPM of CAS, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Sai T Chu
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Brent E Little
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Alessia Pasquazi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK
| | - Yishan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Leiran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi'an 710119, China.,China-UK Joint Research Center on Micro/Nano photonics, XIOPM of CAS, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Wenfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi'an 710119, China.,China-UK Joint Research Center on Micro/Nano photonics, XIOPM of CAS, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi'an 710119, China.,China-UK Joint Research Center on Micro/Nano photonics, XIOPM of CAS, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xiaohong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi'an 710119, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guoxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi'an 710119, China.,China-UK Joint Research Center on Micro/Nano photonics, XIOPM of CAS, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Hui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi'an 710119, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yulong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi'an 710119, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi'an 710119, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanshan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi'an 710119, China
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