1
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Nie N, Gong X, Gong C, Qiao Z, Wang Z, Fang G, Chen YC. A Wearable Thin-Film Hydrogel Laser for Functional Sensing on Skin. Anal Chem 2024; 96:9159-9166. [PMID: 38726669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Flexible photonics offers the possibility of realizing wearable sensors by bridging the advantages of flexible materials and photonic sensing elements. Recently, optical resonators have emerged as a tool to improve their oversensitivity by integrating with flexible photonic sensors. However, direct monitoring of multiple psychological information on human skin remains challenging due to the subtle biological signals and complex tissue interface. To tackle the current challenges, here, we developed a functional thin film laser formed by encapsulating liquid crystal droplet lasers in a flexible hydrogel for monitoring metabolites in human sweat (lactate, glucose, and urea). The three-dimensional cross-linked hydrophilic polymer serves as the adhesive layer to allow small molecules to penetrate from human tissue to generate strong light--matter interactions on the interface of whispering gallery modes resonators. Both the hydrogel and cholesteric liquid crystal microdroplets were modified specifically to achieve high sensitivity and selectivity. As a proof of concept, wavelength-multiplexed sensing and a prototype were demonstrated on human skin to detect human metabolites from perspiration. These results present a significant advance in the fabrication and potential guidance for wearable and functional microlasers in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningyuan Nie
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Xuerui Gong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Chaoyang Gong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Zhen Qiao
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Ziyihui Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
- School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Guocheng Fang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
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2
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Chen Z, Tan X, Jin T, Wang Y, Dai L, Shen G, Zhang C, Qu L, Long L, Shen C, Cao X, Wang J, Li H, Yue X, Shi C. Pharmaceutical Manipulation of Mitochondrial F0F1-ATP Synthase Enables Imaging and Protection of Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through Stress-induced Selective Enrichment. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307880. [PMID: 38093654 PMCID: PMC10916578 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
To rescue ischemic myocardium from progressing to myocardial infarction, timely identification of the infarct size and reperfusion is crucial. However, fast and accurate identification, as well as the targeted protection of injured cardiomyocytes following ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, remain significantly challenging. Here, a near infrared heptamethine dye IR-780 is shown that has the potential to quickly monitor the area at risk following I/R injury by selectively entering the cardiomyocytes of the at-risk heart tissues. Preconditioning with IR-780 or timely IR-780 administration before reperfusion significantly protects the heart from ischemia and oxidative stress-induced cell death, myocardial remodeling, and heart failure in both rat and pig models. Furthermore, IR-780 can directly bind to F0F1-ATP synthase of cardiomyocytes, rapidly decrease the mitochondrial membrane potential, and subsequently slow down the mitochondrial energy metabolism, which induces the mitochondria into a "quiescent state" and results in mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibition by preventing mitochondrial calcium overload. Collectively, the findings show the feasibility of IR-780-based imaging and protection strategy for I/R injury in a preclinical context and indicate that moderate mitochondrial function depression is a mode of action that can be targeted in the development of cardioprotective reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Chen
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical PoisoningArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
| | - Xu Tan
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical PoisoningArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
| | - Taotao Jin
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical PoisoningArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical PoisoningArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
| | - Linyong Dai
- Department of UrologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing401120China
| | - Gufang Shen
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical PoisoningArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
| | - Can Zhang
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical PoisoningArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
| | - Langfan Qu
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical PoisoningArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
| | - Lei Long
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical PoisoningArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
| | - Chongxing Shen
- Department of UrologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing401120China
| | - Xiaohui Cao
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical PoisoningArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
| | - Jianwu Wang
- Department of UrologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing401120China
| | - Huijuan Li
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical PoisoningArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
| | - Xiaofeng Yue
- Department of UrologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing401120China
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical PoisoningArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
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3
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Zhou X, Gather MC, Scarcelli G. High-Sensitivity Detection of Changes in Local Refractive Index and Absorption by Analyzing WGM Microlaser Emission via a 2D Dispersion Spectrometer. ACS PHOTONICS 2024; 11:267-275. [PMID: 38249682 PMCID: PMC10798258 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Microlasers have been widely used in biosensing applications because of their high sensitivity to changes in local conditions. However, in most applications, the sensitivity limit is not dictated by the microlaser line width but rather by the much worse spectral resolution of the detection system, typically a grating spectrometer. To address this issue, we built and characterized a two-dimensional (2D) dispersion spectrometer with a virtually imaged phase array etalon and a diffraction grating. The spectrometer can analyze microlaser emission with a spectral resolution of better than 0.300 pm, which enables high-precision measurements of spectral shifts in laser peak emission wavelength and sufficient resolution to detect changes in peak line width. Using commercial fluorescent microspheres as the microlasers, the 2D dispersion spectrometer demonstrated a detection limit for the refractive index change of a liquid medium of 1.37 × 10-5 RIU and a detection limit for absorption changes of less than 0.02 cm-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Zhou
- Fischell
Department of Bioengineering, University
of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Malte C. Gather
- Humboldt
Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4–6, 50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Giuliano Scarcelli
- Fischell
Department of Bioengineering, University
of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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4
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Gong C, Yang X, Tang SJ, Zhang QQ, Wang Y, Liu YL, Chen YC, Peng GD, Fan X, Xiao YF, Rao YJ, Gong Y. Submonolayer biolasers for ultrasensitive biomarker detection. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:292. [PMID: 38052775 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01335-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Biomarker detection is key to identifying health risks. However, designing sensitive and single-use biosensors for early diagnosis remains a major challenge. Here, we report submonolayer lasers on optical fibers as ultrasensitive and disposable biosensors. Telecom optical fibers serve as distributed optical microcavities with high Q-factor, great repeatability, and ultralow cost, which enables whispering-gallery laser emission to detect biomarkers. It is found that the sensing performance strongly depends on the number of gain molecules. The submonolayer lasers obtained a six-order-of-magnitude improvement in the lower limit of detection (LOD) when compared to saturated monolayer lasers. We further achieve an ultrasensitive immunoassay for a Parkinson's disease biomarker, alpha-synuclein (α-syn), with a lower LOD of 0.32 pM in serum, which is three orders of magnitude lower than the α-syn concentration in the serum of Parkinson's disease patients. Our demonstration of submonolayer biolaser offers great potentials in high-throughput clinical diagnosis with ultimate sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education of China), School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems (Ministry of Education of China), School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education of China), School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Centre for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shui-Jing Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Centre for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qian-Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education of China), School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China
| | - Yanqiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education of China), School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China
| | - Yi-Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education of China), School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Gang-Ding Peng
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Xudong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yun-Feng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Centre for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Yun-Jiang Rao
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education of China), School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China.
- Research Centre for Optical Fiber Sensing, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China.
| | - Yuan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education of China), School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China.
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5
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Gayathri R, Suchand Sandeep CS, Vijayan C, Murukeshan VM. Random Lasing for Bimodal Imaging and Detection of Tumor. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:1003. [PMID: 38131763 PMCID: PMC10742073 DOI: 10.3390/bios13121003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of light with biological tissues is an intriguing area of research that has led to the development of numerous techniques and technologies. The randomness inherent in biological tissues can trap light through multiple scattering events and provide optical feedback to generate random lasing emission. The emerging random lasing signals carry sensitive information about the scattering dynamics of the medium, which can help in identifying abnormalities in tissues, while simultaneously functioning as an illumination source for imaging. The early detection and imaging of tumor regions are crucial for the successful treatment of cancer, which is one of the major causes of mortality worldwide. In this paper, a bimodal spectroscopic and imaging system, capable of identifying and imaging tumor polyps as small as 1 mm2, is proposed and illustrated using a phantom sample for the early diagnosis of tumor growth. The far-field imaging capabilities of the developed system can enable non-contact in vivo inspections. The integration of random lasing principles with sensing and imaging modalities has the potential to provide an efficient, minimally invasive, and cost-effective means of early detection and treatment of various diseases, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Gayathri
- Centre for Optical and Laser Engineering (COLE), School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore 639798, Singapore; (R.G.); (C.S.S.S.)
| | - C. S. Suchand Sandeep
- Centre for Optical and Laser Engineering (COLE), School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore 639798, Singapore; (R.G.); (C.S.S.S.)
| | - C. Vijayan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), Chennai 600036, India;
| | - V. M. Murukeshan
- Centre for Optical and Laser Engineering (COLE), School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore 639798, Singapore; (R.G.); (C.S.S.S.)
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6
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Gayathri R, Suchand Sandeep CS, Vijayan C, Murukeshan VM. Lasing from Micro- and Nano-Scale Photonic Disordered Structures for Biomedical Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2466. [PMID: 37686974 PMCID: PMC10490388 DOI: 10.3390/nano13172466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
A disordered photonic medium is one in which scatterers are distributed randomly. Light entering such media experiences multiple scattering events, resulting in a "random walk"-like propagation. Micro- and nano-scale structured disordered photonic media offer platforms for enhanced light-matter interaction, and in the presence of an appropriate gain medium, coherence-tunable, quasi-monochromatic lasing emission known as random lasing can be obtained. This paper discusses the fundamental physics of light propagation in micro- and nano-scale disordered structures leading to the random lasing phenomenon and related aspects. It then provides a state-of-the-art review of this topic, with special attention to recent advancements of such random lasers and their potential biomedical imaging and biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Gayathri
- Centre for Optical and Laser Engineering, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (R.G.); (C.S.S.S.)
| | - C. S. Suchand Sandeep
- Centre for Optical and Laser Engineering, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (R.G.); (C.S.S.S.)
| | - C. Vijayan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - V. M. Murukeshan
- Centre for Optical and Laser Engineering, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (R.G.); (C.S.S.S.)
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7
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Wang Z, Fang G, Gao Z, Liao Y, Gong C, Kim M, Chang GE, Feng S, Xu T, Liu T, Chen YC. Autonomous Microlasers for Profiling Extracellular Vesicles from Cancer Spheroids. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:2502-2510. [PMID: 36926974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Self-propelled micro/nanomotors are emergent intelligent sensors for analyzing extracellular biomarkers in circulating biological fluids. Conventional luminescent motors are often masked by a highly dynamic and scattered environment, creating challenges to characterize biomarkers or subtle binding dynamics. Here we introduce a strategy to amplify subtle signals by coupling strong light-matter interactions on micromotors. A smart whispering-gallery-mode microlaser that can self-propel and analyze extracellular biomarkers is demonstrated through a liquid crystal microdroplet. Lasing spectral responses induced by cavity energy transfer were employed to reflect the abundance of protein biomarkers, generating exclusive molecular labels for cellular profiling of exosomes derived from 3D multicellular cancer spheroids. Finally, a microfluidic biosystem with different tumor-derived exosomes was employed to elaborate its sensing capability in complex environments. The proposed autonomous microlaser exhibits a promising method for both fundamental biological science and applications in drug screening, phenotyping, and organ-on-chip applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyihui Wang
- School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Guocheng Fang
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Zehang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510150, China
| | - Yikai Liao
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Chaoyang Gong
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Munho Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Guo-En Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-Tech Innovations, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Shilun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Tianhua Xu
- School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Tiegen Liu
- School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., Singapore 639798, Singapore
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8
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Wang Z, Yang F, Zhang W, Xiong K, Yang S. Towards in vivo photoacoustic human imaging: shining a new light on clinical diagnostics. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
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9
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Mazuryk J, Klepacka K, Piechowska J, Kalecki J, Derzsi L, Piotrowski P, Paszke P, Pawlak DA, Berneschi S, Kutner W, Sharma PS. In-Capillary Photodeposition of Glyphosate-Containing Polyacrylamide Nanometer-Thick Films. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2023; 5:223-235. [PMID: 36660253 PMCID: PMC9841503 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.2c01461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The present research reports on in-water, site-specific photodeposition of glyphosate (GLP)-containing polyacrylamide (PAA-GLP) nanometer-thick films (nanofilms) on an inner surface of fused silica (fused quartz) microcapillaries presilanized with trimethoxy(octen-7-yl)silane (TMOS). TMOS was chosen because of the vinyl group presence in its structure, enabling its participation in the (UV light)-activated free-radical polymerization (UV-FRP) after its immobilization on a fused silica surface. The photodeposition was conducted in an aqueous (H2O/ACN; 3:1, v/v) solution, using UV-FRP (λ = 365 nm) of the acrylamide (AA) functional monomer, the N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide) (BAA) cross-linking monomer, GLP, and the azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) UV-FRP initiator. Acetonitrile (ACN) was used as the porogen and the solvent to dissolve monomers and GLP. Because of the micrometric diameters of microcapillaries, the silanization and photodeposition procedures were first optimized on fused silica slides. The introduction of TMOS, as well as the formation of PAA and PAA-GLP nanofilms, was determined using atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) spectroscopy, and confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy. Particularly, AFM and SEM-EDX measurements determined nanofilms' thickness and GLP content, respectively, whereas in-depth confocal (micro-Raman spectroscopy)-assisted imaging of PAA- and PAA-GLP-coated microcapillary inner surfaces confirmed the successful photodeposition. Moreover, we examined the GLP impact on polymer gelation by monitoring hydration in a hydrogel and a dried powder PAA-GLP. Our study demonstrated the usefulness of the in-capillary micro-Raman spectroscopy imaging and in-depth profiling of GLP-encapsulated PAA nanofilms. In the future, our simple and inexpensive procedure will enable the fabrication of polymer-based microfluidic chemosensors or adsorptive-separating devices for GLP detection, determination, and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslaw Mazuryk
- Electrode
Processes Research Team, Institute of Physical
Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Bio
& Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Katarzyna Klepacka
- Functional
Polymers Research Team, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- ENSEMBLE3
sp. z o. o., Wólczyńska
133, 01-919 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Piechowska
- Functional
Polymers Research Team, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Kalecki
- Functional
Polymers Research Team, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ladislav Derzsi
- Microfluidics
and Complex Fluids Research Team, Institute
of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Piotrowski
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- ENSEMBLE3
sp. z o. o., Wólczyńska
133, 01-919 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Paszke
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- ENSEMBLE3
sp. z o. o., Wólczyńska
133, 01-919 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota A. Pawlak
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- ENSEMBLE3
sp. z o. o., Wólczyńska
133, 01-919 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Simone Berneschi
- Institute
of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara”—National Research
Council (IFAC-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Wlodzimierz Kutner
- Electrode
Processes Research Team, Institute of Physical
Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty
of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. School of Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piyush Sindhu Sharma
- Functional
Polymers Research Team, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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10
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Zhao S, Li G, Peng X, Ma J, Yin Z, Zhao Q. Ultralow-threshold green fluorescent protein laser based on high Q microbubble resonators. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:23439-23447. [PMID: 36225023 DOI: 10.1364/oe.460985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biological lasers have attracted vast attention because of their potential medical application prospects, especially the low threshold biological laser that can be used for ultrasensitive biological detection while leaving the luminous gain medium undamaged by the pump light. By coupling the low concentration green fluorescent protein (GFP) solution with a high Q whispering gallery mode microbubble resonator, we managed to fabricate a miniature GFP laser with the lowest threshold and highest Q value compared to any known type of the GFP laser. The threshold energy is as low as 380 fJ, two orders of magnitude lower than any type of GFP laser at present. The Q value of the optical cavity in this biological laser is 5.3 × 107, two orders higher than the highest Q value of GFP lasers. We further confirmed the long-term stability of the working characteristics of GFP laser. It can work well nearly a month in temperature 3-4°C. Finally, we measured the effects of different concentrations of fluorescent protein on laser threshold. The data show that this biological laser can be used for highly sensitive detection of GFP concentration, which is particularly useful when the GFP is used as tracers.
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11
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Bykov A, Tuchin V, Meglinski I. Multiplexed spatially-focused localization of light in adipose biological tissues. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9711. [PMID: 35690671 PMCID: PMC9188595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14350-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Last decades the effects of localization and focusing of light in turbid randomly inhomogeneous tissue-like scattering medium have been attracting a particular attention. Weak localization of light in disordered and weakly ordered biological tissue, polarization memory effect, correlations in transmission matrices, focusing light by wavefronts shaping have been widely exploited. Here, we represent an experimentally observed and theoretically confirmed new type of spatial localization of light within biological tissues. General description of the observed phenomenon based on Monte Carlo ray tracing model is provided. We find that innate body arrangements of individual adipocytes can act as a cascade of quasi-ordered microscale lenses confining propagation of light within adipose tissues similar to lens lightguides. The observed spatially-resolved longitudinal multi-focusing of light within disordered adipose biological tissues can naturally lead greater spatial control and enhance light-tissue interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bykov
- Opto-Electronics and Measurement Techniques, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Valery Tuchin
- Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia.,Laboratory of Laser Diagnostics of Technical and Living Systems, Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia.,Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Igor Meglinski
- Opto-Electronics and Measurement Techniques, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.,Institute of Clinical Medicine N.V. Sklifosovsky, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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12
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Quang TT, Wei CF, Walsh SA, Papay FA, Liu Y. Real-time tissue perfusion assessment using fluorescence imaging topography scanning system: A preclinical investigation. Lasers Surg Med 2022; 54:994-1001. [PMID: 35652907 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES We previously developed a real-time fluorescence imaging topography scanning (RFITS) system for intraoperative multimodal imaging, image-guided surgery, and dynamic surgical navigation. The RFITS can capture intraoperative fluorescence, color reflectance, and surface topography concurrently and offers accurate registration of multimodal images. The RFITS prototype is a promising system for multimodal image guidance and intuitive 3D visualization. In the current study, we investigated the capability of the RFITS system in intraoperative fluorescence vascular angiography for real-time assessment of tissue perfusion. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted ex vivo imaging of fluorescence perfusion in a soft casting life-sized human brain phantom. Indocyanine green (ICG) solutions diluted in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and human serum were injected into the brain phantom through the vessel simulating tube (2 ± 0.2 mm inner diameter) by an adjustable flow peristaltic pump. To demonstrate the translational potential of the system, an ICG/DMSO solution was perfused into blood vessels of freshly harvested porcine ears (n = 9, inner diameter from 0.56 to 1.27 mm). We subsequently performed in vivo imaging of fluorescence-perfused vascular structures in rodent models (n = 10). 5 mg/ml ICG solutions prepared in sterile water were injected via the lateral tail vein. All targets were imaged by the RFITS prototype at a working distance of 350-400 mm. RESULTS 3D visualization of 10 µg/ml ICG-labeled continuous moving serum in the brain phantom was obtained at an average signal-to-background ratio (SBR) of 1.74 ± 0.03. The system was able to detect intravenously diffused fluorescence in porcine tissues with an average SBR of 2.23 ± 0.22. The RFITS prototype provided real-time monitoring of tissue perfusion in rats after intravenous (IV) administration of ICG. The maximum fluorescence intensity (average SBR = 1.94 ± 0.16, p < 0.001) was observed at Tpeak of ~30 seconds after the ICG signal was first detected (average SBR = 1.19 ± 0.13, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS We have conducted preclinical studies to demonstrate the feasibility of applying the RFITS system in real-time fluorescence angiography and tissue perfusion assessment. Our system provides fluorescence/color composite images for intuitive visualization of tissue perfusion with 3D perception. The findings pave the way for future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tri T Quang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,University of Iowa Technology Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Iowa Informatics Initiative, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Iowa Institute for Biomedical Imaging, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Chen F Wei
- Dermatology & Plastic Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Susan A Walsh
- Iowa Institute for Biomedical Imaging, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Health Care Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Francis A Papay
- Dermatology & Plastic Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,University of Iowa Technology Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Iowa Informatics Initiative, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Iowa Institute for Biomedical Imaging, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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13
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Romano G, Insero G, Marrugat SN, Fusi F. Innovative light sources for phototherapy. Biomol Concepts 2022; 13:256-271. [DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2022-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The use of light for therapeutic purposes dates back to ancient Egypt, where the sun itself was an innovative source, probably used for the first time to heal skin diseases. Since then, technical innovation and advancement in medical sciences have produced newer and more sophisticated solutions for light-emitting sources and their applications in medicine. Starting from a brief historical introduction, the concept of innovation in light sources is discussed and analysed, first from a technical point of view and then in the light of their fitness to improve existing therapeutic protocols or propose new ones. If it is true that a “pure” technical advancement is a good reason for innovation, only a sub-system of those advancements is innovative for phototherapy. To illustrate this concept, the most representative examples of innovative light sources are presented and discussed, both from a technical point of view and from the perspective of their diffusion and applications in the clinical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Romano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence , Viale G. Pieraccini 6 , 50139 Florence , Italy
| | - Giacomo Insero
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence , Viale G. Pieraccini 6 , 50139 Florence , Italy
- National Research Council, National Institute of Optics (CNR-INO) , Via Carrara 1 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , FI , Italy
| | - Santi Nonell Marrugat
- Institut Quimic de Sarria, Universidad Ramon Llull , Via Augusta 390 , 08017 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Franco Fusi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence , Viale G. Pieraccini 6 , 50139 Florence , Italy
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14
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Shan H, Dai H, Chen X. Monitoring Various Bioactivities at the Molecular, Cellular, Tissue, and Organism Levels via Biological Lasers. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:3149. [PMID: 35590841 PMCID: PMC9102053 DOI: 10.3390/s22093149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The laser is considered one of the greatest inventions of the 20th century. Biolasers employ high signal-to-noise ratio lasing emission rather than regular fluorescence as the sensing signal, directional out-coupling of lasing and excellent biocompatibility. Meanwhile, biolasers can also be micro-sized or smaller lasers with embedded/integrated biological materials. This article presents the progress in biolasers, focusing on the work done over the past years, including the molecular, cellular, tissue, and organism levels. Furthermore, biolasers have been utilized and explored for broad applications in biosensing, labeling, tracking, bioimaging, and biomedical development due to a number of unique advantages. Finally, we provide the possible directions of biolasers and their applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (H.S.); (H.D.)
| | - Hailang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (H.S.); (H.D.)
| | - Xianfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (H.S.); (H.D.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
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15
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Li DY, Zhang H, Li Z, Zhou LW, Zhang MD, Pu XY, Sun YZ, Liu H, Zhang YX. High sensitivity pH sensing by using a ring resonator laser integrated into a microfluidic chip. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:4106-4116. [PMID: 35209655 DOI: 10.1364/oe.449943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present a chip-scale integrated pH sensor with high sensitivity by using an optofluidic ring resonator (OFRR) laser. An optical fiber with a high refractive index (RI) is employed both as an optical cavity and the sensing reactor along a microchannel, while disodium fluorescein (DSF) aqueous solution with a low RI is served as the cladding gain medium and fluorescent probes. The pump light is introduced along the fiber axis and guided by the total internal reflection at the fiber/cladding interface. The evanescent field of the pump light extends out of the fiber surface and efficiently excites the dye molecules residing in the evanescent field region of the Whispering Gallery Modes (WGMs) of the OFRRs to produce lasing emission. This pumping scheme provides a uniform excitation to the gain medium and significantly increases the signal-to-noise ratio, ensuring a low lasing threshold and highly sensitive sensing. The lasing threshold property under different pH conditions is experimentally and theoretically conducted to evaluate the sensing performance, which shows that the lasing threshold highly depends on the pH value of the cladding solution due to the increasing deprotonation process. We further verify that the intensity of the lasing emission and the pH value shows good linearity in the pH range 6.51-8.13, with a 2-order-of-magnitude sensitivity enhancement compared to fluorescence measurement. The proposed OFRR lasing platform shows excellent robustness and low sample consumption, providing a powerful sensing strategy in medicine, and hazardous/toxic/volatile sensing, which require label-free, real-time, and in situ detection.
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16
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Xu Z, Hong Q, Ge K, Shi X, Wang X, Deng J, Zhou Z, Zhai T. Random Lasing from Label-Free Living Cells for Rapid Cytometry of Apoptosis. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:172-178. [PMID: 34978455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A random laser carrying the scattering information on a biological host is a promising tool for the characterization of biophysical properties. In this work, random lasing from label-free living cells is proposed to achieve rapid cytometry of apoptosis. Random lasing is achieved by adding biocompatible gain medium to a confocal dish containing cells under optically pumped conditions. The random lasing characteristics are distinct at different stages of cell apoptosis after drug treatment. By analyzing the power Fourier transform results of the random lasing spectra, the percentage of apoptotic cells could be distinguished within two seconds, which is more than an order of magnitude faster than traditional flow cytometry. These results provide a label-free approach for rapid cytometry of apoptosis, which is advantageous for further research of random lasers in the biological field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Xu
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Qihao Hong
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Kun Ge
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jinxiang Deng
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - ZhiXiang Zhou
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Tianrui Zhai
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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17
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Wang C, Gong C, Zhang Y, Qiao Z, Yuan Z, Gong Y, Chang GE, Tu WC, Chen YC. Programmable Rainbow-Colored Optofluidic Fiber Laser Encoded with Topologically Structured Chiral Droplets. ACS NANO 2021; 15:11126-11136. [PMID: 34137585 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Optofluidic lasers are emerging building blocks with immense potential in the development of miniaturized light sources, integrated photonics, and sensors. The capability of on-demand lasing output with programmable and continuous wavelength tunability over a broad spectral range enables key functionalities in wavelength-division multiplexing and manipulation of light-matter interactions. However, the ability to control multicolor lasing characteristics within a small mode volume with high reconfigurability remains challenging. The color gamut is also restricted by the number of dyes and emission wavelength of existing materials. In this study, we introduce a fully programmable multicolor laser by encapsulating organic-dye-doped cholesteric liquid crystal microdroplet lasers in an optofluidic fiber. A mechanism for tuning laser emission wavelengths was proposed by manipulating the topologically induced nanoshell structures in microdroplets with different chiral dopant concentrations. Precision control of distinctive lasing wavelengths and colors covering the entire visible spectra was achieved, including monochromatic lasing, dual-color lasing, tri-color lasing, and white colored lasing with tunable color temperatures. Our findings revealed a CIE color map with 145% more perceptible colors than the standard RGB space, shedding light on the development of programmable lasers, multiplexed encoding, and biomedical detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chaoyang Gong
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yifan Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhen Qiao
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhiyi Yuan
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yuan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guo-En Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, and Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-Tech Innovations, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Tu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
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18
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Pan T, Lu D, Xin H, Li B. Biophotonic probes for bio-detection and imaging. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:124. [PMID: 34108445 PMCID: PMC8190087 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00561-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of biophotonics and biomedical sciences makes a high demand on photonic structures to be interfaced with biological systems that are capable of manipulating light at small scales for sensitive detection of biological signals and precise imaging of cellular structures. However, conventional photonic structures based on artificial materials (either inorganic or toxic organic) inevitably show incompatibility and invasiveness when interfacing with biological systems. The design of biophotonic probes from the abundant natural materials, particularly biological entities such as virus, cells and tissues, with the capability of multifunctional light manipulation at target sites greatly increases the biocompatibility and minimizes the invasiveness to biological microenvironment. In this review, advances in biophotonic probes for bio-detection and imaging are reviewed. We emphatically and systematically describe biological entities-based photonic probes that offer appropriate optical properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability with different optical functions from light generation, to light transportation and light modulation. Three representative biophotonic probes, i.e., biological lasers, cell-based biophotonic waveguides and bio-microlenses, are reviewed with applications for bio-detection and imaging. Finally, perspectives on future opportunities and potential improvements of biophotonic probes are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Pan
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Dengyun Lu
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Hongbao Xin
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
| | - Baojun Li
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
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19
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Lv J, Xu Y, Xu L, Nie L. Quantitative Functional Evaluation of Liver Fibrosis in Mice with Dynamic Contrast-enhanced Photoacoustic Imaging. Radiology 2021; 300:89-97. [PMID: 33904773 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2021204134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) photoacoustic (PA) imaging (PAI) is a novel noninvasive imaging modality that uses the differences in optical absorption of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin and may be performed in a dynamic fashion to image the indocyanine green (ICG) pharmacokinetics in the liver. Purpose To determine whether DCE PAI parameters (maximum peak time [Tmax] and half-life [T1/2]) derived from the PA liver function curve correlate with fibrosis determined using histopathologic analysis. Materials and Methods Between June 2020 and October 2020, 28 male mice aged 8 weeks were intraperitoneally injected with carbon tetrachloride solution every 2 days to establish a liver fibrosis model. At the 1st, 4th, and 8th week of modeling, the changes in liver structure were monitored dynamically by using a PA technique. The Tmax and T1/2 of ICG were calculated at different pathologic stages and within a control group. Corresponding liver histopathologic results and blood biochemical data were obtained. Spearman rank correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between the DCE PAI results and histologic scores. Results The PA liver function curve showed that the Tmax and T1/2 varied among groups (mean Tmax: control group, 9 seconds ± 1.8 [standard deviation]; 1 week, 51 seconds ± 4.4; 4 weeks, 73 seconds ± 5.3; 8 weeks, 104 seconds ± 6.6; P < .001) (mean T1/2: control group, 28 seconds ± 6.5; 1 week, 201 seconds ± 12.4; 4 weeks, 285 seconds ± 11; 8 weeks, 318 seconds ± 30.5; P < .001). There was a positive correlation between the dynamic parameters (Tmax and T1/2) and the histopathologic scores; the Spearman ρ ratios for the Sirius red and α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)-positive areas versus the Tmax were 0.93 and 0.94 (P < .001 for both), and the Spearman ρ ratios for the Sirius red and αSMA-positive areas versus T1/2 were 0.87 and 0.89 (P < .001 for both). Conclusion Dynamic contrast-enhanced photoacoustic imaging demonstrated a higher maximum peak time and half-life in mice with induced fibrosis compared with control mice without fibrosis, and these values correlated with histologic measures of fibrosis. © RSNA, 2021 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lv
- From the Department of Radiology and Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, the People's Republic of China (J.L., L.N.); and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnosis and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiang'n South Road, Xiamen 361005, the People's Republic of China (J.L., Y.X., L.X.)
| | - Yue Xu
- From the Department of Radiology and Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, the People's Republic of China (J.L., L.N.); and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnosis and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiang'n South Road, Xiamen 361005, the People's Republic of China (J.L., Y.X., L.X.)
| | - Ling Xu
- From the Department of Radiology and Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, the People's Republic of China (J.L., L.N.); and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnosis and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiang'n South Road, Xiamen 361005, the People's Republic of China (J.L., Y.X., L.X.)
| | - Liming Nie
- From the Department of Radiology and Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, the People's Republic of China (J.L., L.N.); and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnosis and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiang'n South Road, Xiamen 361005, the People's Republic of China (J.L., Y.X., L.X.)
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20
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Wang R, Xu C, You D, Wang X, Chen J, Shi Z, Cui Q, Qiu T. Plasmon-exciton coupling dynamics and plasmonic lasing in a core-shell nanocavity. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:6780-6785. [PMID: 33885480 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08969a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanolasers based on the spatial localization of surface plasmons (SPs) have attracted considerable interest in nanophotonics, particularly in the desired application of optoelectronic and photonic integration, even breaking the diffraction limit. Effectively confining the mode field is still a basic, critical and challenging approach to improve optical gain and reduce loss for achieving high performance of a nanolaser. Here, we designed and fabricated a semiconductor/metal (ZnO/Al) core-shell nanocavity without an insulator spacer by simple magnetron sputtering. Both theoretical and experimental investigations presented plasmonic lasing behavior and SP-exciton coupling dynamics. The simulation demonstrated the three-dimensional optical confinement of the light field in the core-shell nanocavity, while the experiments revealed a lower threshold of the optimized ZnO/Al core-shell nanolaser than the same-sized ZnO photonic nanolaser. More importantly, the blue shift of the lasing mode demonstrated the SP-exciton coupling in the ZnO/Al core-shell nanolaser, which was also confirmed by low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The analysis of the Purcell factor and PL decay time revealed that SP-exciton coupling accelerated the exciton recombination rate and enhanced the conversion of spontaneous radiation into stimulated radiation. The results indicate an approach to design a real nanolaser for promising applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China.
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21
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Gong X, Feng S, Qiao Z, Chen YC. Imaging-Based Optofluidic Biolaser Array Encapsulated with Dynamic Living Organisms. Anal Chem 2021; 93:5823-5830. [PMID: 33734676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Optofluidic biolasers have emerged as promising tools for biomedical analysis due to their strong light-matter interactions and miniaturized size. Recent developments in optofluidic lasers have opened a new Frontier in monitoring biological processes. However, most biolasers require precise recording of the lasing spectrum at the single cavity level, which limits its application in high-throughput applications. Herein, a microdroplet laser array encapsulated with living Escherichia coli was printed on highly reflective mirrors, where laser emission images were employed to reflect the dynamic changes in living organisms. The concept of image-based lasing analysis was proposed by quantifying the integrated pixel intensity of the lasing image from whispering-gallery modes. Finally, dynamic interactions between E. coli and antibiotic drugs were compared under fluorescence and laser emission images. The amplification that occurred during laser generation enabled the quantification of tiny biological changes in the gain medium. Laser imaging presented a significant increase in integrated pixel intensity by 2 orders of magnitude. Our findings demonstrate that image-based lasing analysis is more sensitive to dynamic changes than fluorescence analysis, paving the way for high-throughput on-chip laser analysis of living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerui Gong
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., 639798, Singapore
| | - Shilun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Zhen Qiao
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., 639798, Singapore
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., 639798, Singapore.,School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Dr., 639798, Singapore
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22
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Shi H, He J, Guo H, Liu X, Wang Z, Liu YG. Single-resonator, stable dual-longitudinal-mode optofluidic microcavity laser based on a hollow-core microstructured optical fiber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:10077-10088. [PMID: 33820142 DOI: 10.1364/oe.418936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A single-resonator, stable dual-longitudinal-mode optofluidic microcavity laser based on a hollow-core microstructured optical fiber is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The resonator and microfluidic channel are integrated in the hollow-core region of the fiber, inside which a hexagonal silica ring is used as the only resonator of the laser. Experimental results show that with mixing a small amount of Rhodamine B into a 1 mM Rhodamine 6G solution to form a dual-dye solution as a gain medium, the laser obtained by the method of lateral pumping can operate at dual longitudinal modes, with a threshold of 90 nJ/mm2. By adjusting the concentration of Rhodamine B, the lasing wavelength of the laser and the power ratio of the two wavelengths can be controlled. And because the laser emission is co-excited by different kinds of dye molecules, the mode competition is diminished, enabling the simultaneously efficient optical gain and therefore lasing at dual longitudinal modes stably with a maximum lasing intensity fluctuation of 3.2% within 30 minutes even if the dual longitudinal modes have the same linear polarization states. This work can open up promising opportunities for diverse applications in biosensing and medical diagnosis with high sensitivity and integrated photonics with compact structure.
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23
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Toropov N, Cabello G, Serrano MP, Gutha RR, Rafti M, Vollmer F. Review of biosensing with whispering-gallery mode lasers. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:42. [PMID: 33637696 PMCID: PMC7910454 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00471-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Lasers are the pillars of modern optics and sensing. Microlasers based on whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) are miniature in size and have excellent lasing characteristics suitable for biosensing. WGM lasers have been used for label-free detection of single virus particles, detection of molecular electrostatic changes at biointerfaces, and barcode-type live-cell tagging and tracking. The most recent advances in biosensing with WGM microlasers are described in this review. We cover the basic concepts of WGM resonators, the integration of gain media into various active WGM sensors and devices, and the cutting-edge advances in photonic devices for micro- and nanoprobing of biological samples that can be integrated with WGM lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Toropov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
| | - Gema Cabello
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Mariana P Serrano
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
| | - Rithvik R Gutha
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Matías Rafti
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
| | - Frank Vollmer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
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Yuan Z, Tan X, Gong X, Gong C, Cheng X, Feng S, Fan X, Chen YC. Bioresponsive microlasers with tunable lasing wavelength. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:1608-1615. [PMID: 33439198 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07921a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lasing particles are emerging tools for amplifying light-matter interactions at the biointerface by exploiting its strong intensity and miniaturized size. Recent advances in implementing laser particles into living cells and tissues have opened a new frontier in biological imaging, monitoring, and tracking. Despite remarkable progress in micro- and nanolasers, lasing particles with surface functionality remain challenging due to the low mode-volume while maintaining a high Q-factor. Herein, we report the novel concept of bioresponsive microlasers by exploiting interfacial energy transfer based on whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microdroplet cavities. Lasing wavelengths were manipulated by energy transfer-induced changes of a gain spectrum resulting from the binding molecular concentrations at the cavity surface. Both protein-based and enzymatic-based interactions were demonstrated, shedding light on the development of functional microlasers. Finally, tunable lasing wavelengths over a broad spectral range were achieved by selecting different donor/acceptor pairs. This study not only opens new avenues for biodetection, but also provides deep insights into how molecules modulate laser light at the biointerface, laying the foundation for the development of smart bio-photonic devices at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Yuan
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
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Mai HH, Nguyen TT, Giang KM, Do XT, Nguyen TT, Hoang HC, Ta VD. Chicken albumen-based whispering gallery mode microlasers. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:9069-9073. [PMID: 32909582 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01091j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Microlasers based on biomaterials have attracted enormous interest because of their promising potential for future applications in medical treatments, bio-tracking, and biosensing. In this work, we demonstrate chicken albumen as a novel and excellent low-cost biomaterial for a laser cavity. By using a simple but effective emulsion process, rhodamine B-doped chicken albumen microspheres with various diameters ranging from 20 μm to 100 μm can be fabricated. Under optical pulse excitation, these microspheres emit lasing emission. The lasing mechanism is investigated and ascribed to the whispering gallery mode (WGM). A threshold of 23.2 μJ mm-2 and a high Q-factor of approximately 2400 are obtained from an 82 μm-diameter microsphere. Size-dependent lasing characteristics are also examined, and the result shows good agreement with the WGM theory. Interestingly, these microsphere biolasers can operate in aqueous and biological environments such as water and human blood serum, which makes them a promising candidate for laser-based biosensing and biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanh Hong Mai
- Department of Quantum Optics, Faculty of Physics, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam. and Key Laboratory for Multi-scale Simulations of Complex Systems, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Tam Trong Nguyen
- Department of Quantum Optics, Faculty of Physics, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Khoi Manh Giang
- Center of Laser Technology, National Center for Technological Progress, C7 Khuat Duy Tien, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Xuan Tien Do
- Center of Laser Technology, National Center for Technological Progress, C7 Khuat Duy Tien, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Toan T Nguyen
- Department of Quantum Optics, Faculty of Physics, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam. and Key Laboratory for Multi-scale Simulations of Complex Systems, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Hieu Chi Hoang
- Department of Quantum Optics, Faculty of Physics, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Van Duong Ta
- Department of Optical Devices, Le Quy Don Technical University, 236 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
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Yang X, Luo Y, Liu Y, Gong C, Wang Y, Rao YJ, Peng GD, Gong Y. Mass production of thin-walled hollow optical fibers enables disposable optofluidic laser immunosensors. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:923-930. [PMID: 32022063 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc01216h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Disposable biosensors are of great importance in disease diagnosis due to their inherent merits of no cross-contamination and ease of use. Optofluidic laser (OFL) sensors are a new category of sensitive biosensors; however, it is challenging to cost-effectively mass-produce them to achieve disposability. Here, we report a disposable optofluidic laser immunosensor based on thin-walled hollow optical fibers (HOFs). Using a fiber draw tower, the fabrication parameters, including drawing speed and gas flow rate, are explored, and the HOF geometry is precisely controlled, which allows identical laser microring resonators to be distributed along the fibers. The disposable OFL immunosensor detects the protein concentration in the HOF through a wash-free immunoassay. Enabled by the disposable sensors, the statistical characteristics of 80 tests for each concentration greatly reduces the bioassay uncertainty. A low coefficient of variation (CV) of 3.3% confirms the high reproducibility of the disposable HOF-OFL sensors, and the mean of the normal distribution of the logarithmic OFL intensity serves as the sensing output. A limit of detection of 11 nM within a short assay time of 15 min is achieved. These disposable immunosensors possess the advantages of low cost, high reproducibility, fast assay, and low-volume consumption of sample and reagents. We believe that this work will inspire disposable optofluidics through the mass production of multifunctional microstructured optical fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave., Chengdu, 611731, China.
| | - Yanhua Luo
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Yiling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave., Chengdu, 611731, China.
| | - Chaoyang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave., Chengdu, 611731, China. and School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yanqiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave., Chengdu, 611731, China.
| | - Yun-Jiang Rao
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave., Chengdu, 611731, China.
| | - Gang-Ding Peng
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Yuan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave., Chengdu, 611731, China.
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Nagi JS, Skorenko K, Bernier W, Jones WE, Doiron AL. Near Infrared-Activated Dye-Linked ZnO Nanoparticles Release Reactive Oxygen Species for Potential Use in Photodynamic Therapy. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 13:E17. [PMID: 31861462 PMCID: PMC6982235 DOI: 10.3390/ma13010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Novel dye-linked zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPs) hold potential as photosensitizers for biomedical applications due to their excellent thermal- and photo-stability. The particles produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon irradiation with 850 nm near infrared (NIR) light in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Upon irradiation, ROS detected in vitro in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human carcinoma MCF7 cells positively correlated with particle concentration and interestingly, ROS detected in MCF7 was higher than in HUVEC. Preferential cytotoxicity was also exhibited by the NPs as cell killing was higher in MCF7 than in HUVEC. In the absence of irradiation, dye-linked ZnO particles minimally affected the viability of cell (HUVEC) at low concentrations (<30 μg/mL), but viability significantly decreased at higher particle concentrations, suggesting a need for particle surface modification with poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) for improved biocompatibility. The presence of PEG on particles after dialysis was indicated by an increase in size, an increase in zeta potential towards neutral, and spectroscopy results. Cell viability was improved in the absence of irradiation when cells were exposed to PEG-coated, dye-linked ZnO particles compared to non-surface modified particles. The present study shows that there is potential for biological application of dye-linked ZnO particles in photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Singh Nagi
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
| | | | - William Bernier
- ChromaNanoTech LLC, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (K.S.); (W.B.)
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, NY 13902, USA;
| | - Wayne E. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, NY 13902, USA;
- Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Amber L. Doiron
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
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Nguyen TV, Pham NV, Mai HH, Duong DC, Le HH, Sapienza R, Ta VD. Protein-based microsphere biolasers fabricated by dehydration. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:9721-9726. [PMID: 31742302 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01610d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Biolasers made of biological materials have attracted considerable research attention due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability, and have the potential for biosensing and biointegration. However, the current fabrication methods of biolasers suffer from several limitations, such as complicated processing, time-consuming and environmentally unfriendly nature. In this study, a novel approach with green processes for fabricating solid-state microsphere biolasers has been demonstrated. By dehydration via a modified Microglassification™ technology, dye-doped bovine serum albumin (BSA) droplets could be quickly (less than 10 minutes) and easily changed into solid microspheres with diameters ranging from 10 μm to 150 μm. The size of the microspheres could be effectively controlled by changing either the concentration of the BSA solution or the diameter of the initial droplets. The fabricated microspheres could act as efficient microlasers under an optical pulse excitation. A lasing threshold of 7.8 μJ mm-2 and a quality (Q) factor of about 1700 to 3100 were obtained. The size dependence of lasing characteristics was investigated, and the results showed a good agreement with whispering gallery mode (WGM) theory. Our findings contribute an effective technique for the fabrication of high-Q factor microlasers that may be potential for applications in biological and chemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toan Van Nguyen
- Department of Physics, Le Quy Don Technical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
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Zhang Z, Morrish W, Gardner K, Yang S, Yang Y, Meldrum A. Functional lasing microcapillaries for surface-specific sensing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:26967-26978. [PMID: 31674566 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.026967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lasing-based sensors have several advantages over fluorescent devices, specifically related to the high light intensity and narrow mode linewidth that can improve the speed and accuracy of the sensor performance. In this work, a microcapillary-based lasing sensor is demonstrated, in which the lasing wavelengths are sensitive to the surface binding of specific materials. In order to achieve this, we utilized lasing into the "star" and "triangle" modes of a conventional microcapillary and tracked the mode positions after the deposition of a polyelectrolyte tri-layer and the subsequent amide binding of carboxy-functionalized polystyrene microspheres. While the lasing mode spectrum becomes increasingly complicated by the addition of the surface layers, careful mode selection can be used to monitor the layer-by-layer surface binding in a mechanically and optically robust device. For polystyrene microspheres, the detection limits were 9.75 nM based upon the lasing mode shift, which compares favorably with fluorescence-based devices. The methods presented in this work could readily be extended to other surface binding schemes and lasing wavelengths, showing that capillary microlasers could be used for many potential applications that capitalize on stable lasing-based detection methods.
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Abstract
The selective amplification of DNA in the polymerase chain reaction is used to exponentially increase the signal in molecular diagnostics for nucleic acids, but there are no analogous techniques for signal enhancement in clinical tests for proteins or cells. Instead, the signal from affinity-based measurements of these biomolecules depends linearly on the probe concentration. Substituting antibody-based probes tagged for fluorescent quantification with lasing detection probes would create a new platform for biomarker quantification based on optical rather than enzymatic amplification. Here, we construct a virus laser which bridges synthetic biology and laser physics, and demonstrate virus-lasing probes for biosensing. Our virus-lasing probes display an unprecedented > 10,000 times increase in signal from only a 50% increase in probe concentration, using fluorimeter-compatible optics, and can detect biomolecules at sub-100 fmol mL−1 concentrations. Many ligand-binding assays still rely on signals that scale linearly with probe concentration. The authors present lasing detection probes with a dye-labelled virus as the gain medium to optically amplify the signal, which could enable much higher signals than for fluorescent quantification.
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He J, Hu S, Ren J, Cheng X, Hu Z, Wang N, Zhang H, Lam RHW, Tam HY. Biofluidic Random Laser Cytometer for Biophysical Phenotyping of Cell Suspensions. ACS Sens 2019; 4:832-840. [PMID: 30854844 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b01188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic profiling of single floating cells in liquid biopsies is the key to the era of precision medicine. A random laser in biofluids is a promising tool for the label-free characterization of the biophysical properties as a result of the high brightness and sharp peaks of the lasing spectra, yet previous reports were limited to the random laser in solid tissues with dense scattering. In this report, a random laser cytometer is demonstrated in an optofluidic device filled with gain medium and human breast normal/cancerous cells. The multiple lightscattering event induced by the microscale human cells promotes random lasing and influences the lasing properties in term of laser modes, spectral wavelengths, and lasing thresholds. A sensing strategy based on analyzing the lasing properties is developed to determine both the whole cell and the subcellular biophysical properties, and the malignant alterations of the cell suspensions are successfully detected. Our results provide a new approach to designing a label-free biophysical cytometer based on optofluidic random laser devices, which is advantageous for further research in the field of random laser bioapplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijun He
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuhuan Hu
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong High-Throughput Sequencing Research Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jifeng Ren
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhijia Hu
- School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, U.K
| | - Ning Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Fiber Optic Sensing Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huangui Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong High-Throughput Sequencing Research Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Raymond H. W. Lam
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hwa-Yaw Tam
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Chen YC, Chen Q, Tan X, Chen G, Bergin I, Aslam MN, Fan X. Chromatin laser imaging reveals abnormal nuclear changes for early cancer detection. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:838-854. [PMID: 30800518 PMCID: PMC6377874 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.000838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We developed and applied rapid scanning laser-emission microscopy (LEM) to detect abnormal changes in cell nuclei for early diagnosis of cancer and cancer precursors. Regulation of chromatins is essential for genetic development and normal cell functions, while abnormal nuclear changes may lead to many diseases, in particular, cancer. The capability to detect abnormal changes in "apparently normal" tissues at a stage earlier than tumor development is critical for cancer prevention. Here we report using LEM to analyze colonic tissues from mice at-risk for colon cancer (induced by a high-fat diet) by detecting pre-polyp nuclear abnormality. By imaging the lasing emissions from chromatins, we discovered that, despite the absence of observable lesions, polyps, or tumors under stereoscope, high-fat mice exhibited significantly lower lasing thresholds than low-fat mice. The low lasing threshold is, in fact, very similar to that of adenomas and is caused by abnormal cell proliferation and chromatin deregulation that can potentially lead to cancer. Our findings suggest that conventional detection methods, such as colonoscopy followed by histopathology, by itself, may be insufficient to reveal hidden or early tumors under development. We envision that this innovative work will provide new insights into LEM and support existing tools for early tumor detection in clinical diagnosis, and fundamental biological and biomedical research of chromatin changes at the biomolecular level of cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, 639798, Singapore
| | - Qiushu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xiaotain Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Grace Chen
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ingrid Bergin
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Aslam
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xudong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Ma RM, Oulton RF. Applications of nanolasers. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 14:12-22. [PMID: 30559486 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-018-0320-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanolasers generate coherent light at the nanoscale. In the past decade, they have attracted intense interest, because they are more compact, faster and more power-efficient than conventional lasers. Thanks to these capabilities, nanolasers are now an emergent tool for a variety of practical applications. In this Review, we explain the intrinsic merits of nanolasers and assess recent progress on their applications, particularly for optical interconnects, near-field spectroscopy and sensing, optical probing for biological systems and far-field beam synthesis through near-field eigenmode engineering. We highlight the scientific and engineering challenges that remain for forging nanolasers into powerful tools for nanoscience and nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Min Ma
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China.
| | - Rupert F Oulton
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Chen YC, Chen Q, Wu X, Tan X, Wang J, Fan X. A robust tissue laser platform for analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsies. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:1057-1065. [PMID: 29511754 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00084k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Laser emission-based detection and imaging technology has attracted significant interest in biomedical research due to its high sensitivity, narrow linewidth, and superior spectral and spatial resolution. Recent advances have further revealed the potential to use laser emission to investigate chromatin dynamics, as well as to diagnose cancer tissues based on nuclear biomarkers. To move the laser emission based detection technology a step further towards practical use, in this work, we developed a highly robust tissue laser platform by microfabricating an SU8 spacer with a fixed height on the top mirror of the Fabry-Pérot (FP) cavity, which allows generation of reproducible and stable lasing results regardless of tissue thickness. Then we applied this platform to achieve lasing emission from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) lung tissues, which account for an overwhelming fraction of tissues collected for research and clinical use worldwide. We further showed that the cancer and normal FFPE lung tissues can be distinguished by their respective lasing thresholds. Two different tissue thicknesses (10 μm and 5 μm) commonly used in pathological labs were explored. Finally, we tested three additional types of tissues (colon, stomach, and breast) that were prepared independently by lab technicians in a pathology lab in China and shipped to the US in order to validate the general applicability and practicality of the laser emission-based technology as well as the corresponding sample preparation protocol and the tissue laser platform. Our work will not only vastly broaden the applications of laser emission-based detection/imaging technology but also help translate it from the laboratory to an automated system for clinical practice that may eventually benefit biomedicine and biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Yong D, Ding D. Lasing with cell-endogenous fluorophores: parameters and conditions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13569. [PMID: 29051508 PMCID: PMC5648766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12711-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The notion of lasing with biologics has recently been realized and has rapidly developed with the collective objective of creating lasers in vivo. One major limitation of achieving this is the requirement of exogenous dyes and fluorescent materials. We thus investigate for the first time the possibility of lasing unlabelled cells, using just cell-endogenous fluorophores - the source of cell autofluorescence. In this work, we theoretically studied the lasing potential and efficiency of flavins and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) (NAD(P)H) using a dye lasing model based on coupled rate equations. Analytical solutions for one- and two-photon pumped system were used in multi-parameter studies. We found that at physiological conditions, the more abundant NAD(P)H can be lased with a cavity quality factor of 105. We then recommended the tuning of intersystem crossing to make the lasing of flavins feasible even at their low physiological concentrations. Under conditions of reduced intersystem crossing, we concluded that it is more practical to lase unlabelled cells using flavins, because lasing thresholds and cavity quality factors were both at least an order lower. We also note the higher threshold requirements and lower efficiencies of two-photon pumping, but recognize its potential for realizing lasing in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Yong
- Precision Measurements Group, Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-04, 138634, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Ding Ding
- Precision Measurements Group, Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-04, 138634, Singapore, Singapore
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Humar M, Dobravec A, Zhao X, Yun SH. Biomaterial microlasers implantable in the cornea, skin, and blood. OPTICA 2017; 4:1080-1085. [PMID: 30333986 PMCID: PMC6188636 DOI: 10.1364/optica.4.001080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Stand-alone laser particles that are implantable into biological tissues have potential to enable novel optical imaging, diagnosis and therapy. Here we demonstrate several types of biocompatible microlasers and their lasing action within biological systems. Dye-doped polystyrene beads were embedded in the cornea and optically pumped to generate narrowband emission. We fabricated microbeads with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and poly(lactic acid)-substances approved for medical use-and demonstrate lasing from within tissues and whole blood. Furthermore, we demonstrate biocompatible cholesterol-derivative microdroplet lasers via self-assembly to an onion-like radially-resonant photonic crystal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matjaž Humar
- Condensed Matter Department, J. Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 65 Landsdowne St. UP-5, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Anja Dobravec
- Condensed Matter Department, J. Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Xiangwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Seok Hyun Yun
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 65 Landsdowne St. UP-5, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Chen YC, Tan X, Sun Q, Chen Q, Wang W, Fan X. Laser-emission imaging of nuclear biomarkers for high-contrast cancer screening and immunodiagnosis. Nat Biomed Eng 2017; 1:724-735. [PMID: 29204310 PMCID: PMC5711465 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-017-0128-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Detection of nuclear biomarkers such as nucleic acids and nuclear proteins is critical for early-stage cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Conventional methods relying on morphological assessment of cell nuclei in histopathology slides may be subjective, whereas colorimetric immunohistochemical and fluorescence-based imaging are limited by strong light absorption, broad-emission bands and low contrast. Here, we describe the development and use of a scanning laser-emission-based microscope that maps lasing emissions from nuclear biomarkers in human tissues. 41 tissue samples from 35 patients labelled with site-specific and biomarker-specific antibody-conjugated dyes were sandwiched in a Fabry-Pérot microcavity while an excitation laser beam built a laser-emission image. We observed multiple sub-cellular lasing emissions from cancer cell nuclei, with a threshold of tens of μJ/mm2, sub-micron resolution (<700 nm), and a lasing band in the few-nanometre range. Different lasing thresholds of nuclei in cancer and normal tissues enabled the identification and multiplexed detection of nuclear proteomic biomarkers, with a high sensitivity for early-stage cancer diagnosis. Laser-emission-based cancer screening and immunodiagnosis might find use in precision medicine and facilitate research in cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xiaotian Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Qihan Sun
- Department of Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Qiushu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 Yingze Street, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Heylman KD, Knapper KA, Horak EH, Rea MT, Vanga SK, Goldsmith RH. Optical Microresonators for Sensing and Transduction: A Materials Perspective. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1700037. [PMID: 28627118 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201700037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Optical microresonators confine light to a particular microscale trajectory, are exquisitely sensitive to their microenvironment, and offer convenient readout of their optical properties. Taken together, this is an immensely attractive combination that makes optical microresonators highly effective as sensors and transducers. Meanwhile, advances in material science, fabrication techniques, and photonic sensing strategies endow optical microresonators with new functionalities, unique transduction mechanisms, and in some cases, unparalleled sensitivities. In this progress report, the operating principles of these sensors are reviewed, and different methods of signal transduction are evaluated. Examples are shown of how choice of materials must be suited to the analyte, and how innovations in fabrication and sensing are coupled together in a mutually reinforcing cycle. A tremendously broad range of capabilities of microresonator sensors is described, from electric and magnetic field sensing to mechanical sensing, from single-molecule detection to imaging and spectroscopy, from operation at high vacuum to in live cells. Emerging sensing capabilities are highlighted and put into context in the field. Future directions are imagined, where the diverse capabilities laid out are combined and advances in scalability and integration are implemented, leading to the creation of a sensor unparalleled in sensitivity and information content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Heylman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Kassandra A Knapper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Erik H Horak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Morgan T Rea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Sudheer K Vanga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Randall H Goldsmith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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Ozcelik D, Cai H, Leake KD, Hawkins AR, Schmidt H. Optofluidic bioanalysis: fundamentals and applications. NANOPHOTONICS 2017; 6:647-661. [PMID: 29201591 PMCID: PMC5708574 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2016-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, optofluidics has established itself as a new and dynamic research field for exciting developments at the interface of photonics, microfluidics, and the life sciences. The strong desire for developing miniaturized bioanalytic devices and instruments, in particular, has led to novel and powerful approaches to integrating optical elements and biological fluids on the same chip-scale system. Here, we review the state-of-the-art in optofluidic research with emphasis on applications in bioanalysis and a focus on waveguide-based approaches that represent the most advanced level of integration between optics and fluidics. We discuss recent work in photonically reconfigurable devices and various application areas. We show how optofluidic approaches have been pushing the performance limits in bioanalysis, e.g. in terms of sensitivity and portability, satisfying many of the key requirements for point-of-care devices. This illustrates how the requirements for bianalysis instruments are increasingly being met by the symbiotic integration of novel photonic capabilities in a miniaturized system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damla Ozcelik
- School of Engineering, University of California-Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Hong Cai
- School of Engineering, University of California-Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Kaelyn D. Leake
- School of Engineering, University of California-Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Aaron R. Hawkins
- ECEn Department, 459 Clyde Building, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Holger Schmidt
- Corresponding author: Holger Schmidt, School of Engineering, University of California-Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA,
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Lee W, Kim DB, Song MH, Yoon DK. Optofluidic ring resonator laser with an edible liquid laser gain medium. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:14043-14048. [PMID: 28788989 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.014043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a biocompatible optofluidic laser with an edible liquid laser gain medium, made of riboflavin dissolved in water. The proposed laser platform is based on a pulled-glass-capillary optofluidic ring resonator (OFRR) with a high Q-factor, resulting in a lasing threshold comparable to that of conventional organic dye lasers that are mostly harmful, despite the relatively low quantum yield of the riboflavin. The proposed biocompatible laser can be realized by not only a capillary OFRR, but also by an optical-fiber-based OFRR that offers improved mechanical stability, and is promising technology for application to in vivo bio-sensing.
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Chen YC, Chen Q, Zhang T, Wang W, Fan X. Versatile tissue lasers based on high-Q Fabry-Pérot microcavities. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:538-548. [PMID: 28098320 PMCID: PMC5289748 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01457g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Biolasers are an emerging technology for next generation biochemical detection and clinical applications. Progress has recently been made to achieve lasing from biomolecules and single living cells. Tissues, which consist of cells embedded in an extracellular matrix, mimic more closely the actual complex biological environment in a living body and therefore are of more practical significance. Here, we developed a highly versatile tissue laser platform, in which tissues stained with fluorophores are sandwiched in a high-Q Fabry-Pérot microcavity. Distinct lasing emissions from muscle and adipose tissues stained respectively with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY), and hybrid muscle/adipose tissue with dual staining were achieved with a threshold of only ∼10 μJ mm-2. Additionally, we investigated how the tissue structure/geometry, tissue thickness, and staining dye concentration affect the tissue laser. Lasing emission from FITC conjugates (FITC-phalloidin) that specifically target F-actin in muscle tissues was also realized. It is further found that, despite the large fluorescence spectral overlap between FITC and BODIPY in tissues, their lasing emissions could be clearly distinguished and controlled due to their narrow lasing bands and different lasing thresholds, thus enabling highly multiplexed detection. Our tissue laser platform can be broadly applicable to various types of tissues/diseases. It provides a new tool for a wide range of biological and biomedical applications, such as diagnostics/screening of tissues and identification/monitoring of biological transformations in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Qiushu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 Yingze Street, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 Yingze Street, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Xudong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. and Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 Yingze Street, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
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Yang Y, Lei F, Kasumie S, Xu L, Ward JM, Yang L, Nic Chormaic S. Tunable erbium-doped microbubble laser fabricated by sol-gel coating. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:1308-1313. [PMID: 28158014 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.001308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we show that the application of a sol-gel coating renders a microbubble whispering gallery resonator into an active device. During the fabrication of the resonator, a thin layer of erbium-doped sol-gel is applied to a tapered microcapillary, then a microbubble with a wall thickness of 1.3 μm is formed with the rare earth ions diffused into its wall. The doped microbubble is pumped at 980 nm and lases in the emission band of the Er3+ ions at 1535 nm. The laser wavelength can be shifted by aerostatic pressure tuning of the whispering gallery modes of the microbubble. Up to 240 pm tuning is observed with 2 bar of applied pressure. We also show that the doped microbubble could be used as a compact, tunable laser source.
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