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Xu T, Wu H, Zheng A, Yu N, Li N. Simultaneous Separation and Quantification of Vitamins by Microemulsion Liquid Chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2020; 58:591-599. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Microemulsion eluents have been found to have excellent potential uses in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Here, a novel, environmentally benign and simple method using concentration/flow-rate double-gradient elution using a microemulsion eluent was used to separate water- and fat-soluble vitamins simultaneously and rapidly. Preliminary screening experiments were performed to determine the optimum column type, surfactant concentration, co-surfactant to surfactant ratio, oil, mobile phase pH and microemulsion concentration. The resolution and analysis time were simultaneously optimized using concentration/flow-rate double-gradient elution. The optimized method simultaneously separated water- and fat-soluble vitamins using a Venusil ASB C8 column and a combination of isocratic and linear gradient elution modes using a microemulsion mobile phase (solvent A) consisting of 3.5% (w/w) sodium dodecyl sulfate, 10.5% (w/w) n-butanol, 0.8% (w/w) n-octanol and 85.2% (w/w) water and water (solvent B) at pH 2.50. The optimum detection wavelength was 283 nm. The method was validated and used to analyze a solid pharmaceutical sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongxing Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Aini Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Nuojun Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Yan H, Zheng ZD, Wu HF, Liu XC, Zhou A. A microemulsion high-performance liquid chromatography (MELC) method for the separation and determination of hydrolyzed tenuifolin in Radix Polygalae. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19108. [PMID: 31836776 PMCID: PMC6910981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55416-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tenuifolin was used as a reliable chemical marker for the quality control of Radix Polygalae. The determination of tenuifolin is challenging because the analyte molecule lacks a suitable chromophore. The aim of this study was to establish a microemulsion high-performance liquid chromatography (MELC) method which is robust and sensitive, and can separate and determine tenuifolin in Radix Polygalae using an oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsion mobile phase. The separations were performed on a C18 (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm) column at 25 °C using a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and an ultraviolet detection wavelength of 210 nm. The microemulsion mobile phase comprised 2.8% (w/v) sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 7.0% (v/v) n-butanol, 0.8% (v/v) n-octane and 0.1% (v/v) aqueous orthophosphate buffer (H3PO4). The linearity analysis of tenuifolin showed a correlation coefficient of 0.9923 in the concentration range of 48.00-960.00 µg/mL. The accuracy of the method based on three concentration levels ranged from 96.23% to 99.28%; the limit of detection (LOD) was 2.34 µg/mL, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 6.76 µg/mL. The results of our study indicated that the optimized MELC method was sensitive and robust, and can be widely applied for the separation and determination of tenuifolin in Radix Polygalae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, P. R. China
| | - Zhuan-Di Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Fei Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Chuang Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - An Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, P. R. China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, P. R. China.
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Ye LH, Du LJ, Cao J. Fatty acids-based microemulsion liquid chromatographic determination of multiple caffeoylquinic acid isomers and caffeic acid in honeysuckle sample. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 171:22-29. [PMID: 30959316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A green and efficient microemulsion liquid chromatographic (MELC) method using fatty acid as co-surfactant and electrochemical detection was established and validated for the determination of four caffeoylquinic acid isomers and caffeic acid in honeysuckle samples. The influences of each individual component within the isocratic oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsion mobile phase were systematically investigated, such as the type and concentration of co-surfactant, concentration of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), organic modifier addition, type and concentration of oil phase, pH and detection voltage. Results indicated that excellent resolution was achieved using 3.0% w/v of propionic acid, 0.5% w/v of ethyl acetate, 1.0% w/v of SDS, 5% w/v acetonitrile, 90.5% v/v of water and 25 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate at pH = 3 as microemulsion mobile phase and 0.8 V as the optimal voltage value. Under the optimal condition, analytical performance of developed method was evaluated. The detection limits were below 17.3 ng/mL and intra-day and inter-day precisions by relative standard deviations (RSD%) were between 0.5% and 3.6%. Satisfactory recovery (in the range of 83.8-109.1%) with good repeatability lower than 4.7% (n = 3) was obtained. Therefore, the developed O/W MELC method was rapid, precise and accurate for simultaneous determination of neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid A and isochlorogenic acid C in honeysuckle samples, with contents of 2.6, 28.7, 18.1 and 5.2 mg/g, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hong Ye
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Li-Jing Du
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Jun Cao
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
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Javed S, Ahsan W. Microemulsion based chromatographic techniques: Past lessons and future directions. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2019.1584746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shamama Javed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waquar Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Pankajkumar-Patel N, Peris-García E, Ruiz-Angel MJ, Carda-Broch S, García-Alvarez-Coque MC. Modulation of retention and selectivity in oil-in-water microemulsion liquid chromatography: A review. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1592:91-100. [PMID: 30704775 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microemulsions (MEs) are stable, isotropically clear solutions consisting of an oil and water stabilized by a surfactant and a co-surfactant. Oil-in-water microemuslion liquid chromatography (MELC) is a relatively new chromatographic mode, which uses an O/W ME as mobile phase. Retention, selectivity and efficiency can be modified by changing the concentration of the ME components and the ratio between the aqueous and oil phases. This work makes a critical survey on the information found in the literature about the mobile phase compositions that lead to the creation of successful O/W ME mobile phases, as well as the effect of pH for ionizable compounds and temperature. The viability of performing the analyses using isocratic and gradient elution is also considered. The complexity of the composition of a successful ME, and the fact that the different factors interact each other, may require many manipulations during method development to achieve an acceptable separation for complex mixtures. This is the reason of the proposal from several authors of a standard ME as starting point when developing a method for a new separation with no previous reports. Based on these initial conditions, the interest of several authors in applying computer-assisted approaches to optimize the composition of ME mobile phases, and reduce significantly the time and reagent consumption for method development, is described. Some practical tips are given to prepare stable ME mobile phases that yield reproducible results.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Pankajkumar-Patel
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - E Peris-García
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - M J Ruiz-Angel
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - S Carda-Broch
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat s/n, Castelló, Spain
| | - M C García-Alvarez-Coque
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
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Peris-García E, Pankajkumar-Patel N, Ruiz-Angel MJ, Carda-Broch S, García-Alvarez-Coque MC. Oil-In-Water Microemulsion Liquid Chromatography. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2018.1524386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ester Peris-García
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot Spain
| | - Nikita Pankajkumar-Patel
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot Spain
| | - María José Ruiz-Angel
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot Spain
| | - Samuel Carda-Broch
- Departament de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat s/n, Castelló Spain
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Analysis of phenolic acids by ionic liquid-in-water microemulsion liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet and electrochemical detector. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1499:132-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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8
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Debbih M, Guermouche MH, Guermouche S. Microemulsion high performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of ibuprofen in the presence of preservatives and impurities in oral pediatric suspension. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-017-0162-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Li L, Lai C, Xuan X, Gao C, Li N. Simultaneous Determination of Hydrochlorothiazide and Losartan Potassium in Osmotic Pump Tablets by Microemulsion Liquid Chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2016; 54:1415-20. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmw101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Sokolova LS, Derbina AA, Pashkova EB, Pirogov AV, Shpigun OA. Methylene selectivity in microemulsion liquid chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3103/s0027131415040069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Optimization of liquid chromatographic method for the separation of nine hydrophilic and hydrophobic components in Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Danshen) using microemulsion as eluent. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 955-956:124-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Melnikov AU, Boichenko AP, Kulikov AU, Galat MN. UNSUPERVISED CLASSIFICATION OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC COLUMNS IN MICELLAR AND CONVENTIONAL REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.765456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. U. Melnikov
- a Department of Chemical Metrology , Kharkov V. N. Karazin National University , Kharkov , Ukraine
| | - A. P. Boichenko
- b Analytical Biochemistry, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - A. U. Kulikov
- a Department of Chemical Metrology , Kharkov V. N. Karazin National University , Kharkov , Ukraine
- c Laboratory of Pharmacopoeial Analysis, Scientific and Expert Pharmacopoeial Centre , Kharkov , Ukraine
| | - M. N. Galat
- a Department of Chemical Metrology , Kharkov V. N. Karazin National University , Kharkov , Ukraine
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13
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Hermawan D, Yatim IM, Rahim KA, Sanagi MM, Ibrahim WAW, Aboul-Enein HY. Comparison of HPLC and MEEKC for Miconazole Nitrate Determination in Pharmaceutical Formulation. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2390-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Microemulsion high performance liquid chromatography (MELC) method for the determination of terbutaline in pharmaceutical preparation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 55:397-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Noorizadeh H, Farmany A, Noorizadeh M, Kohzadi M. Prediction of polar surface area of drug molecules: A QSPR approach. Drug Test Anal 2011; 5:222-7. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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17
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LC-determination of five paraben preservatives in saliva and toothpaste samples using UV detection and a short monolithic column. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 53:785-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Revised: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Retention Behavior of Acid Drugs in Microemulsion Liquid Chromatography. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1096.2010.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Yang J, Yang G, Liu H, Bai L, Zhang Q. Preparation and characterization of porous poly(vinyl ester) resin monoliths as separation media. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.32617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Malenović A, Jančić-Stojanović B, Ivanović D, Medenica M. FORCED DEGRADATION STUDIES OF SIMVASTATIN USING MICROEMULSION LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070903574576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Darko Ivanović
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Drug Analysis , Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Medenica
- b Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Physical Chemistry , Belgrade, Serbia
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Anđelija M, Darko I, Biljana SJ, Mirjana M. Robustness Testing of Microemulsion Liquid Chromatographic Separation of Simvastatin and its Impurities. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070902768161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivanović Darko
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Drug Analysis , Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Medenica Mirjana
- b Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Physical Chemistry , Belgrade, Serbia
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Abstract
This review focuses on the chromatography research that has been carried out within industry or in close cooperation with industry and that has been reported in the scientific literature between 2006 and mid-2008. Companies in the health care sector, such as pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, are the largest contributors. Industrial research seems to take place in an open environment in cooperation with academia, peer companies, and institutions. Industry appears ready to embrace new technologies as they emerge, but they focus strongly on making chromatography work robustly, reliably, rapidly, and automatically. "Hyphenated" systems that incorporate on-line sample-preparation techniques and mass-spectrometric detection are the rule rather than the exception. Various multidimensional separation methods are finding numerous applications. Strategies aimed at speeding up the development of new chromatographic methods remain the focus of attention. Also, there is a clear trend toward exploring chromatographic methods for parallel processing along with other strategies for high-throughput analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schoenmakers
- Polymer Analysis Group, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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McEvoy E, Donegan S, Power J, Altria K. Application of MELC and MEEKC for the Analysis of Paracetamol and Related Impurities in Suppositories. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0642-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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Loginova LP, Kulikov AU, Yakovleva EY, Boichenko AP. MLC Determination of Preservatives in Cranberry Foodstuffs. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0570-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Liu J, Sun J, Wang Y, Liu X, Sun Y, Xu H, He Z. Characterization of microemulsion liquid chromatography systems by solvation parameter model and comparison with other physicochemical and biological processes. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1164:129-38. [PMID: 17645883 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Revised: 06/22/2007] [Accepted: 06/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The solvation parameter model has been applied to characterize four microemulsion liquid chromatography (MELC) systems and two micellar liquid chromatography (MLC) systems, and utilized to compare the above systems with other physicochemical and biological processes in this study. The microemulsion mobile phases were composed of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), polyoxyethylene (23) lauryl ether (Brij 35), butanol, heptane and phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) at the designated ratios. The results showed the main difference between the concerned MELC and MLC systems was the decrease of hydrogen-bond basicity of stationary phase with the addition of heptane in microemulsion. Principal component analysis with normalized coefficients can provide consistent results involving the similarities among various systems with that obtained by distance parameter d. Except for some proven similarities of chromatographic systems to octanol-water partition coefficients (logP) and human skin permeation (logK(p)), a microemulsion HPLC system, the mobile phase being 3.3% SDS-6.6% butanol-1.6% heptane-88.5% buffer, was found very similar to drug penetration across blood-brain barrier and its predictive capability for this biological process was originally evaluated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Liu
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Gilpin
- Brehm Research Laboratory, University Park, Wright State University, Fairborn, Ohio 45324-2031, USA
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Tzanavaras PD, Themelis DG. High-throughput HPLC assay of acyclovir and its major impurity guanine using a monolithic column and a flow gradient approach. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 43:1526-30. [PMID: 17142000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2006] [Revised: 10/31/2006] [Accepted: 11/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Acyclovir and its major impurity guanine are determined rapidly by the incorporation of a monolithic column (100 mm x 4.6 mm i.d., Merck) to an automated HPLC system. A simple flow gradient protocol was adopted in order to accelerate the separation-detection cycle. Using 0.2% CH(3)COOH (pH 3.1) as the mobile phase and detection at 254 nm, guanine was effectively separated from the system peak (t(R)=1.25 min), while the retention time of acyclovir was 2.35 min. Linearity of the assay was validated in the range 0.1-1.0% guanine and 80-120% acyclovir (n=5). The accuracy and within- and day-to-day precision of the method were also validated, while the limits of detection and quantitation of both analytes were determined. The proposed method was successfully applied to the quality control of acyclovir raw material and the quality and stability control of acyclovir-containing pharmaceutical creams (Hagevir 5%, w/w, Cosmopharm Ltd., Korinthos, Greece).
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Andelija M, Darko I, Mirjana M, Biljana J, Slavko M. Influence of structural and interfacial properties of microemulsion eluent on chromatographic separation of simvastatin and its impurities. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1131:67-73. [PMID: 16919659 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2006] [Revised: 06/30/2006] [Accepted: 07/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In order to calculate the structural and compositional characteristics of microemulsions, used as eluents in the investigation of HPLC separation of simvastatin and its six impurities, predictive molecular thermodynamic approach is developed. For calculating fundamental interfacial properties of microemulsions, from pure component properties, the lattice fluid self-consistent field theory (SCF), in conjunction with new classical thermodynamic expressions, was applied. Calculation of predicted radii (PR), area per surfactant (ApS) and film thickness (FT), as well as is interfacial tension and bending moment enabled better understanding of separation of such a complex mixture. The microemulsion, which contained 1% (w/w) of diisopropyl ether, 2% (w/w) of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), 6.6% (w/w) of co-surfactant such as n-butanol and 90.4% (w/w) of aqueous 25 mM disodium phosphate pH 7.0 enabled appropriate chromatographic separation between investigated compounds. It has been proved that this microemulsion had the smallest droplet radii and film thickness, which enabled optimal separation. Also the interfacial tension is the smallest, so the free energy change associated with dispersing the drops favoured a large number of small droplets. Hydrophobic interactions between solutes and stationary phase, as well as the microstructural characteristics of microemulsion eluents had a significant influence on chromatographic behavior of simvastatin and its six impurities.
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29
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Boichenko AP, Iwashchenko AL, Loginova LP, Kulikov AU. Heteroscedasticity of retention factor and adequate modeling in micellar liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 576:229-38. [PMID: 17723637 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2006] [Accepted: 06/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The two concepts of micelle formation (pseudo-phase and mass-action) could be the basis of retention models in micellar liquid chromatography (MLC). The separation of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid esters and seven polyaromatic hydrocarbons were performed to study the repeatability of retention factor in MLC. The full two factor experimental design was used for studying the dependence of retention factor variance on mobile phase composition (sodium dodecylsulfate, 1-butanol). The experimentally observed heteroscedasticity and perturbations after linearization were taken into account by using statistical weights obtained on the basis of errors propagation law and the modeling of retention by non-weighted and weighted least squares method was performed. The mechanistical retention models based on pseudo-phase and mass-action concepts of micelle formation were compared by fitting quality and prediction capability and high robustness of bilogarithmic dependence was observed. The significance of retention factor heteroscedasticity for retention hydrophobicity relationships was shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Boichenko
- Department of Chemical Metrology, Kharkov V.N. Karazin National University, Svoboda Square, 4, 61077 Kharkov, Ukraine.
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