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Gorbokon N, Wößner N, Lennartz M, Dwertmann Rico S, Kind S, Reiswich V, Viehweger F, Lutz F, Fraune C, Luebke AM, Hube-Magg C, Menz A, Schlichter R, Krech T, Hinsch A, Burandt E, Sauter G, Simon R, Steurer S, Marx AH, Lebok P, Dum D, Minner S, Jacobsen F, Clauditz TS, Hackert T, Uzunoǧlu FG, Bubendorf L, Bernreuther C, Kluth M. Prevalence of S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine Phosphorylase (MTAP) Deficiency in Human Cancer: A Tissue Microarray Study on 13,067 Tumors From 149 Different Tumor Types. Am J Surg Pathol 2024:00000478-990000000-00404. [PMID: 39132873 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000002297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Loss of S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) expression is a common event in cancer leading to a critical vulnerability of cancer cells towards anti-cancer drugs. Homozygous MTAP deletions result in a complete expression loss that can be detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). In this study, a tissue microarray containing 17,078 samples from 149 different tumor entities was analyzed by IHC, and complete MTAP loss was validated by fluorescence in situ hybridization. MTAP loss was observed in 83 of 149 tumor categories, including neuroendocrine neoplasms (up to 80%), Hodgkin lymphoma (50.0%), mesothelioma (32.0% to 36.8%), gastro-intestinal adenocarcinoma (4.0% to 40.5%), urothelial neoplasms (10.5% to 36.7%), squamous cell carcinomas (up to 38%), and various types of sarcomas (up to 20%) and non-Hodgkin lymphomas (up to 14%). Homozygous MTAP deletion was found in 90% to 100% of cases with MTAP expression loss in most tumor categories. However, neuroendocrine tumors, Hodgkin lymphomas, and other lymphomas lacked MTAP deletions. MTAP deficiency was significantly linked to unfavorable tumor phenotype in selected tumor entities and the presence of PD-L1 expression on tumor cells, absence of PD-L1 expression on immune cells, and a low density of CD8+ lymphocytes. In summary, MTAP deficiency can occur in various tumor entities and is linked to unfavorable tumor phenotype and noninflamed tumor microenvironment, but is not always related to deletions. MTAP IHC is of considerable diagnostic value for the detection of neoplastic transformation in multiple different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gorbokon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Niklas Wößner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Lennartz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dwertmann Rico
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon Kind
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viktor Reiswich
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Viehweger
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Lutz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas M Luebke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Menz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ria Schlichter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Marx
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Am Finkenhügel, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Dum
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till S Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, Jakob-Henle-Straße, Fürth, Germany
| | - Faik G Uzunoǧlu
- Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, Jakob-Henle-Straße, Fürth, Germany
| | - Lukas Bubendorf
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Schönbeinstrasse, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse, Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Degorre C, Lohard S, Bobrek CN, Rawal KN, Kuhn S, Tofilon PJ. Targeting PRMT5 enhances the radiosensitivity of tumor cells grown in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17316. [PMID: 39068290 PMCID: PMC11283541 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
PRMT5 is a widely expressed arginine methyltransferase that regulates processes involved in tumor cell proliferation and survival. In the study described here, we investigated whether PRMT5 provides a target for tumor radiosensitization. Knockdown of PRMT5 using siRNA enhanced the radiosensitivity of a panel of cell lines corresponding to tumor types typically treated with radiotherapy. To extend these studies to an experimental therapeutic setting, the PRMT5 inhibitor LLY-283 was used. Exposure of the tumor cell lines to LLY-283 decreased PRMT5 activity and enhanced their radiosensitivity. This increase in radiosensitivity was accompanied by an inhibition of DNA double-strand break repair as determined by γH2AX foci and neutral comet analyses. For a normal fibroblast cell line, although LLY-283 reduced PRMT5 activity, it had no effect on their radiosensitivity. Transcriptome analysis of U251 cells showed that LLY-283 treatment reduced the expression of genes and altered the mRNA splicing pattern of genes involved in the DNA damage response. Subcutaneous xenografts were then used to evaluate the in vivo response to LLY-283 and radiation. Treatment of mice with LLY-283 decreased tumor PRMT5 activity and significantly enhanced the radiation-induced growth delay. These results suggest that PRMT5 is a tumor selective target for radiosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Degorre
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, 10 Center Drive-MSC 1002, Building 10, B3B69B, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Steven Lohard
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, 10 Center Drive-MSC 1002, Building 10, B3B69B, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Christina N Bobrek
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, 10 Center Drive-MSC 1002, Building 10, B3B69B, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Komal N Rawal
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, 10 Center Drive-MSC 1002, Building 10, B3B69B, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Skyler Kuhn
- Integrated Data Sciences Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Philip J Tofilon
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, 10 Center Drive-MSC 1002, Building 10, B3B69B, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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3
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Thi HV, Ngo AD, Chu DT. Epigenetic regulation in ovarian cancer. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 387:77-98. [PMID: 39179349 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the diseases that have the highest mortality rate for women, especially women over 50 years old. In the future, incidence and mortality rates are predicted to extend in countries with low HDI. Instability in the structure and function of genetic factors has long been known as a cause of cancer, including ovarian cancer. Besides understanding gene mutations, epigenetic alterations have emerged as another aspect leading to the pathogenesis of ovarian neoplasm. The development and progression of this fatal disease have been found to be associated with abnormalities of epigenetic regulation. DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs-based gene silencing are processes of interest in developing ovarian carcinoma and are also new targets for cancer detection or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hue Vu Thi
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Anh-Dao Ngo
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dinh-Toi Chu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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4
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Zhang F, Bischof H, Burgstaller S, Bourgeois BMR, Malli R, Madl T. Genetically encoded fluorescent sensor to monitor intracellular arginine methylation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 252:112867. [PMID: 38368636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Arginine methylation (ArgMet), as a post-translational modification, plays crucial roles in RNA processing, transcriptional regulation, signal transduction, DNA repair, apoptosis and liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). Since arginine methylation is associated with cancer pathogenesis and progression, protein arginine methyltransferases have gained interest as targets for anti-cancer therapy. Despite considerable process made to elucidate (patho)physiological mechanisms regulated by arginine methylation, there remains a lack of tools to visualize arginine methylation with high spatiotemporal resolution in live cells. To address this unmet need, we generated an ArgMet-sensitive genetically encoded, Förster resonance energy transfer-(FRET) based biosensor, called GEMS, capable of quantitative real-time monitoring of ArgMet dynamics. We optimized these biosensors by using different ArgMet-binding domains, arginine-glycine-rich regions and adjusting the linkers within the biosensors to improve their performance. Using a set of mammalian cell lines and modulators, we demonstrated the applicability of GEMS for monitoring changes in arginine methylation with single-cell and temporal resolution. The GEMS can facilitate the in vitro screening to find potential protein arginine methyltransferase inhibitors and will contribute to a better understanding of the regulation of ArgMet related to differentiation, development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangrong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350122, China; Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Helmut Bischof
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Burgstaller
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Benjamin M R Bourgeois
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Otto Loewi Research Center, Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Malli
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Madl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Otto Loewi Research Center, Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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5
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Gao Y, Feng C, Ma J, Yan Q. Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs): Orchestrators of cancer pathogenesis, immunotherapy dynamics, and drug resistance. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 221:116048. [PMID: 38346542 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Protein Arginine Methyltransferases (PRMTs) are a family of enzymes regulating protein arginine methylation, which is a post-translational modification crucial for various cellular processes. Recent studies have highlighted the mechanistic role of PRMTs in cancer pathogenesis, immunotherapy, and drug resistance. PRMTs are involved in diverse oncogenic processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. They exert their effects by methylation of histones, transcription factors, and other regulatory proteins, resulting in altered gene expression patterns. PRMT-mediated histone methylation can lead to aberrant chromatin remodeling and epigenetic changes that drive oncogenesis. Additionally, PRMTs can directly interact with key signaling pathways involved in cancer progression, such as the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways, thereby modulating cell survival and proliferation. In the context of cancer immunotherapy, PRMTs have emerged as critical regulators of immune responses. They modulate immune checkpoint molecules, including programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), through arginine methylation. Drug resistance is a significant challenge in cancer treatment, and PRMTs have been implicated in this phenomenon. PRMTs can contribute to drug resistance through multiple mechanisms, including the epigenetic regulation of drug efflux pumps, altered DNA damage repair, and modulation of cell survival pathways. In conclusion, PRMTs play critical roles in cancer pathogenesis, immunotherapy, and drug resistance. In this overview, we have endeavored to illuminate the mechanistic intricacies of PRMT-mediated processes. Shedding light on these aspects will offer valuable insights into the fundamental biology of cancer and establish PRMTs as promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Chongchong Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
| | - Jingru Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Qingzhu Yan
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
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6
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Kumar D, Jain S, Coulter DW, Joshi SS, Chaturvedi NK. PRMT5 as a Potential Therapeutic Target in MYC-Amplified Medulloblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5855. [PMID: 38136401 PMCID: PMC10741595 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
MYC amplification or overexpression is most common in Group 3 medulloblastomas and is positively associated with poor clinical outcomes. Recently, protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) overexpression has been shown to be associated with tumorigenic MYC functions in cancers, particularly in brain cancers such as glioblastoma and medulloblastoma. PRMT5 regulates oncogenes, including MYC, that are often deregulated in medulloblastomas. However, the role of PRMT5-mediated post-translational modification in the stabilization of these oncoproteins remains poorly understood. The potential impact of PRMT5 inhibition on MYC makes it an attractive target in various cancers. PRMT5 inhibitors are a promising class of anti-cancer drugs demonstrating preclinical and preliminary clinical efficacies. Here, we review the publicly available preclinical and clinical studies on PRMT5 targeting using small molecule inhibitors and discuss the prospects of using them in medulloblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA; (D.K.); (S.J.); (D.W.C.)
| | - Stuti Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA; (D.K.); (S.J.); (D.W.C.)
| | - Don W. Coulter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA; (D.K.); (S.J.); (D.W.C.)
- Child Health Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA
| | - Shantaram S. Joshi
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA;
| | - Nagendra K. Chaturvedi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA; (D.K.); (S.J.); (D.W.C.)
- Child Health Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA
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7
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Ali W, Xiao W, Hoang H, Cali V, Kajdacsy-Balla A. Carcinogenesis and Prognostic Utility of Arginine Methylation-Related Genes in Hepatocellular Cancer. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:9422-9430. [PMID: 38132437 PMCID: PMC10742294 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45120591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methylation is among the most important post-translational modifications and has been studied in cancers such as those of the lung and breast. However, comparatively less has been investigated regarding hepatocellular carcinoma, with an annual incidence of almost one million cases. Through using in silico methods, this study examined arginine methylation-related gene expression and methylation levels, and alongside network and enrichment analysis attempted to find how said genes can drive tumorigenesis and offer possible therapeutic targets. We found a robust relationship among the selected methylation genes, with ⅞ showing prognostic value regarding overall survival, and a medley of non-arginine methylation pathways also being highlighted through the aforementioned analysis. This study furthers our knowledge of the methylation and expression patterns of arginine histone methylation-related genes, offering jumping points for further wet-lab studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Ali
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (W.A.); (W.X.); (H.H.); (V.C.)
| | - Weirui Xiao
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (W.A.); (W.X.); (H.H.); (V.C.)
| | - Henry Hoang
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (W.A.); (W.X.); (H.H.); (V.C.)
| | - Vincent Cali
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (W.A.); (W.X.); (H.H.); (V.C.)
| | - Andre Kajdacsy-Balla
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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8
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Carter J, Hulse M, Sivakumar M, Burtell J, Thodima V, Wang M, Agarwal A, Vykuntam K, Spruance J, Bhagwat N, Rager J, Ruggeri B, Scherle P, Ito K. PRMT5 Inhibitors Regulate DNA Damage Repair Pathways in Cancer Cells and Improve Response to PARP Inhibition and Chemotherapies. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:2233-2243. [PMID: 37861290 PMCID: PMC10627093 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Expression of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is highly positively correlated to DNA damage repair (DDR) and DNA replication pathway genes in many types of cancer cells, including ovarian and breast cancer. In the current study, we investigated whether pharmacologic inhibition of PRMT5 downregulates DDR/DNA replication pathway genes and sensitizes cancer cells to chemotherapy and PARP inhibition. Potent and selective PRMT5 inhibitors significantly downregulate expression of multiple DDR and DNA replication genes in cancer cells. Mechanistically, PRMT5 inhibition reduces the presence of PRMT5 and H4R3me2s on promoter regions of DDR genes such as BRCA1/2, RAD51, and ATM. PRMT5 inhibition also promotes global alternative splicing changes. Our data suggest that PRMT5 inhibition regulates expression of FANCA, PNKP, and ATM by promoting exon skipping and intron retention. Combining C220 or PRT543 with olaparib or chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin demonstrates a potent synergistic interaction in breast and ovarian cancer cells in vitro. Moreover, combination of PRT543 with olaparib effectively inhibits the growth of patient-derived breast and ovarian cancer xenografts. Furthermore, PRT543 treatment significantly inhibits growth of olaparib-resistant tumors in vivo. These studies reveal a novel mechanism of PRMT5 inhibition and suggest beneficial combinatorial effects with other therapies, particularly in patients with tumors that are resistant to therapies dependent on DNA damage as their mechanism of action. SIGNIFICANCE Patients with advanced cancers frequently develop resistance to chemotherapy or PARP inhibitors mainly due to circumvention and/or restoration of the inactivated DDR pathway genes. We demonstrate that inhibition of PRMT5 significantly downregulates a broad range of the DDR and DNA replication pathway genes. PRMT5 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy or PARP inhibitors demonstrate synergistic suppression of cancer cell proliferation and growth in breast and ovarian tumor models, including PARP inhibitor-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Carter
- Prelude Therapeutics Incorporated, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Michael Hulse
- Prelude Therapeutics Incorporated, Wilmington, Delaware
| | | | | | | | - Min Wang
- Prelude Therapeutics Incorporated, Wilmington, Delaware
| | | | | | | | - Neha Bhagwat
- Prelude Therapeutics Incorporated, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Joseph Rager
- Prelude Therapeutics Incorporated, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Bruce Ruggeri
- Prelude Therapeutics Incorporated, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Peggy Scherle
- Prelude Therapeutics Incorporated, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Koichi Ito
- Prelude Therapeutics Incorporated, Wilmington, Delaware
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9
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Bray C, Balcells C, McNeish IA, Keun HC. The potential and challenges of targeting MTAP-negative cancers beyond synthetic lethality. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1264785. [PMID: 37795443 PMCID: PMC10546069 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1264785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 15% of cancers exhibit loss of the chromosomal locus 9p21.3 - the genomic location of the tumour suppressor gene CDKN2A and the methionine salvage gene methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP). A loss of MTAP increases the pool of its substrate methylthioadenosine (MTA), which binds to and inhibits activity of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5). PRMT5 utilises the universal methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to methylate arginine residues of protein substrates and regulate their activity, notably histones to regulate transcription. Recently, targeting PRMT5, or MAT2A that impacts PRMT5 activity by producing SAM, has shown promise as a therapeutic strategy in oncology, generating synthetic lethality in MTAP-negative cancers. However, clinical development of PRMT5 and MAT2A inhibitors has been challenging and highlights the need for further understanding of the downstream mediators of drug effects. Here, we discuss the rationale and methods for targeting the MAT2A/PRMT5 axis for cancer therapy. We evaluate the current limitations in our understanding of the mechanism of MAT2A/PRMT5 inhibitors and identify the challenges that must be addressed to maximise the potential of these drugs. In addition, we review the current literature defining downstream effectors of PRMT5 activity that could determine sensitivity to MAT2A/PRMT5 inhibition and therefore present a rationale for novel combination therapies that may not rely on synthetic lethality with MTAP loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandler Bray
- Cancer Metabolism & Systems Toxicology Group, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Balcells
- Cancer Metabolism & Systems Toxicology Group, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Iain A. McNeish
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hector C. Keun
- Cancer Metabolism & Systems Toxicology Group, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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10
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Vieito M, Moreno V, Spreafico A, Brana I, Wang JS, Preis M, Hernández T, Genta S, Hansen AR, Doger B, Galvao V, Lenox L, Brown RJ, Kalota A, Mehta J, Pastore F, Patel B, Mistry P, Gu J, Lauring J, Patel MR. Phase 1 Study of JNJ-64619178, a Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 Inhibitor, in Advanced Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:3592-3602. [PMID: 37491846 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this first-in-human, Phase 1, open-label, multicenter study, we evaluated JNJ-64619178, a selective and potent PRMT5 inhibitor, in patients with advanced malignant solid tumors or non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). The primary objective was to evaluate the safety and to identify a recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D) of JNJ-64619178. PATIENTS AND METHODS Adult patients with treatment-refractory advanced solid tumors or NHL and measurable disease received escalating doses of JNJ-64619178 following two schedules (Schedule A: 14 days on/7 days off; Schedule B: every day on a 21-day cycle). Safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and clinical activity were evaluated. RESULTS Ninety patients received JNJ-64619178. Thrombocytopenia was identified as the only dose-limiting toxicity. JNJ-64619178 showed dose-proportional PK and robust target engagement, as measured by plasma symmetric dimethylarginine, across all dose levels. The objective response rate was 5.6% (5 of 90). Patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) had an ORR of 11.5% (3 of 26) and a median progression-free survival of 19.1 months. CONCLUSIONS JNJ-64619178 demonstrated manageable dose-dependent toxicity and preliminary evidence of antitumor activity in ACC and other tumor types. Plasma exposure was dose dependent, and target inhibition was maintained with intermittent and continuous dosing. On the basis of safety, clinical activity, PK, and PD findings, two provisional RP2Ds were selected: 1.5 mg intermittently and 1.0 mg once daily. Aside from ACC, clinical benefit was limited, and biomarkers to enrich for responsiveness to PRMT5 inhibition will be needed for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vieito
- Vall de Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor Moreno
- START MADRID-FJD, Hospital Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid Spain
| | - Anna Spreafico
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Irene Brana
- Vall de Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judy S Wang
- Florida Cancer Specialists/Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota, Florida
| | | | | | - Sofia Genta
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aaron R Hansen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernard Doger
- START MADRID-FJD, Hospital Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid Spain
| | | | - Laurie Lenox
- Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Regina J Brown
- Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Anna Kalota
- Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Jaydeep Mehta
- Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Bharvin Patel
- Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Pankaj Mistry
- Janssen Research & Development, High Wycombe, United Kingdom
| | - Junchen Gu
- Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Josh Lauring
- Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Manish R Patel
- Florida Cancer Specialists/Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota, Florida
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11
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O'Brien S, Butticello M, Thompson C, Wilson B, Wyce A, Mahajan V, Kruger R, Mohammad H, Fedoriw A. Inhibiting PRMT5 induces DNA damage and increases anti-proliferative activity of Niraparib, a PARP inhibitor, in models of breast and ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:775. [PMID: 37596538 PMCID: PMC10436459 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11260-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibitors of Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerases (PARP) provide clinical benefit to patients with breast and ovarian cancers, by compromising the DNA repair activity of cancer cells. Although these agents extend progression-free survival in many patients, responses can be short lived with many patients ultimately progressing. Identification of combination partners that increase dependence of cancer cells to the DNA repair activity of PARPs may represent a strategy to increase the utility of PARP inhibitors. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) regulates DNA damage response pathways through splicing and protein modification, and inhibitors of PRMT5 have recently entered clinical trials. METHODS The effect of PRMT5 inhibition on the levels of DNA damage and repair markers including γH2AX, RAD51, and 53BP1 was determined using high content immunofluorescent imaging. The anti-proliferative activity of the combination of PRMT5 and PARP inhibitors was evaluated using in vitro models of breast and ovarian cancers using both cell lines and ex vivo patient derived xenografts. Finally, the combinations of PRMT5 and PARP inhibitors were evaluated in cell line xenograft models in vivo. RESULTS Inhibition of PRMT5 by GSK3326595 led to increased levels of markers of DNA damage. The addition of GSK3326595 to the PARP inhibitor, niraparib, resulted in increased growth inhibition of breast and ovarian cancer cell lines and patient derived spheroids. In vivo, the combination improved the partial effects on tumor growth inhibition achieved by either single agent, producing complete tumor stasis and regression. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that inhibition of PRMT5 induced signatures of DNA damage in models of breast and ovarian cancer. Furthermore, combination with the PARP inhibitor, Niraparib, resulted in increased anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Overall, these data suggest inhibition of PRMT5 as a mechanism to broaden and enhance the clinical application of PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane O'Brien
- Tumor Cell Targeting RU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, USA
| | | | | | - Boris Wilson
- Synthetic Lethality RU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, USA
| | - Anastasia Wyce
- Tumor Cell Targeting RU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, USA
| | - Vivek Mahajan
- Tumor Cell Targeting RU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, USA
| | - Ryan Kruger
- Tumor Cell Targeting RU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, USA
| | - Helai Mohammad
- Tumor Cell Targeting RU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, USA
| | - Andy Fedoriw
- Tumor Cell Targeting RU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, USA.
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA.
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12
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Bondoc TJ, Lowe TL, Clarke SG. The exquisite specificity of human protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7) toward Arg-X-Arg sites. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285812. [PMID: 37216364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7) has been shown to target substrates with motifs containing two arginine residues separated by one other residue (RXR motifs). In particular, the repression domain of human histone H2B (29-RKRSR-33) has been a key substrate in determining PRMT7 activity. We show that incubating human PRMT7 and [3H]-AdoMet with full-length Xenopus laevis histone H2B, containing the substitutions K30R and R31K (RKRSR to RRKSR), results in greatly reduced methylation activity. Using synthetic peptides, we have now focused on the enzymology behind this specificity. We show for the human and Xenopus peptide sequences 23-37 the difference in activity results from changes in the Vmax rather than the apparent binding affinity of the enzyme for the substrates. We then characterized six additional peptides containing a single arginine or a pair of arginine residues flanked by glycine and lysine residues. We have corroborated previous findings that peptides with an RXR motif have much higher activity than peptides that contain only one Arg residue. We show that these peptides have similar apparent km values but significant differences in their Vmax values. Finally, we have examined the effect of ionic strength on these peptides. We found the inclusion of salt had little effect on the Vmax value but a considerable increase in the apparent km value, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of ionic strength on PRMT7 activity occurs largely by decreasing apparent substrate-enzyme binding affinity. In summary, we find that even subtle substitutions in the RXR recognition motif can dramatically affect PRMT7 catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Bondoc
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Troy L Lowe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Steven G Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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13
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Xie F, Zhang H, Zhu K, Jiang C, Zhang X, Chang H, Qiao Y, Sun M, Wang J, Wang M, Tan J, Wang T, Zhao L, Zhang Y, Lin J, Zhang C, Liu S, Zhao J, Luo C, Zhang S, Shan C. PRMT5 promotes ovarian cancer growth through enhancing Warburg effect by methylating ENO1. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e245. [PMID: 36999124 PMCID: PMC10044308 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is a major type II enzyme responsible for symmetric dimethylation of arginine (SDMA), and plays predominantly roles in human cancers, including in ovarian cancer. However, the exactly roles and underlying mechanisms of PRMT5 contributing to the progression of ovarian cancer mediated by reprogramming cell metabolism remain largely elusive. Here, we report that PRMT5 is highly expressed and correlates with poor survival in ovarian cancer. Knockdown or pharmaceutical inhibition of PRMT5 is sufficient to decrease glycolysis flux, attenuate tumor growth, and enhance the antitumor effect of Taxol. Mechanistically, we find that PRMT5 symmetrically dimethylates alpha‐enolase (ENO1) at arginine 9 to promotes active ENO1 dimer formation, which increases glycolysis flux and accelerates tumor growth. Moreover, PRMT5 signals high glucose to increase the methylation modification of ENO1. Together, our data reveal a novel role of PRMT5 in promoting ovarian cancer growth by controlling glycolysis flux mediated by methylating ENO1, and highlights that PRMT5 may represent a promising therapeutic target for treating ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Kongkai Zhu
- Advanced Medical Research InstituteShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Cheng‐Shi Jiang
- School of Biological Science and TechnologyUniversity of JinanJinanChina
| | - Xiaoya Zhang
- Biomedical Translational Research InstituteJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Hongkai Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yaya Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Mingming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Jiyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Mukuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Junzhen Tan
- School of Integrative MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Tao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of human development and reproductive regulationTianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and GynecologyTianjinChina
| | - Lianmei Zhao
- Research CenterThe Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebeiChina
| | - Yuan Zhang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityQingyuanGuangdongChina
| | - Jianping Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Chunze Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical CenterNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Shuangping Liu
- Department of Pathology, Medical SchoolDalian UniversityDalianLiaoningChina
| | - Jianguo Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of human development and reproductive regulationTianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and GynecologyTianjinChina
| | - Cheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Shuai Zhang
- School of Integrative MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Changliang Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchNankai UniversityTianjinChina
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14
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The role of histone methylation in renal cell cancer: an update. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:2735-2742. [PMID: 36575323 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma accounts for 2-3% of all cancers. It is difficult to diagnose early. Recently, genome-wide studies have identified that histone methylation was one of the functional classes that is most frequently dysregulated in renal cell cancer. Mutation or mis-regulation of histone methylation, methyltransferases, demethylases are associated with gene expression and tumor progression in renal cell cancer. Herein, we summarize histone methylations, demethylases and their alterations and mechanisms in renal cell cancer.
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15
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Discovery of cysteine-targeting covalent histone methyltransferase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 246:115028. [PMID: 36528996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational methylation of histone lysine or arginine residues by histone methyltransferases (HMTs) plays crucial roles in gene regulation and diverse physiological processes and is implicated in a plethora of human diseases, especially cancer. Therefore, histone methyltransferases have been increasingly recognized as potential therapeutic targets. Consequently, the discovery and development of histone methyltransferase inhibitors have been pursued with steadily increasing interest over the past decade. However, the disadvantages of limited clinical efficacy, moderate selectivity, and propensity for acquired resistance have hindered the development of HMTs inhibitors. Targeted covalent modification represents a proven strategy for kinase drug development and has gained increasing attention in HMTs drug discovery. In this review, we focus on the discovery, characterization, and biological applications of covalent inhibitors for HMTs with emphasis on advancements in the field. In addition, we identify the challenges and future directions in this fast-growing research area of drug discovery.
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16
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Yang R, Dong S, Zhang J, Zhu S, Miao G, Zhang B. Downregulation of PRMT5 by AMI-1 enhances therapeutic efficacy of compound kushen injection in lung carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 478:1031-1044. [PMID: 36214894 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04577-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is overexpressed in lung carcinoma, which promotes tumor cell proliferation, survival, migration and invasion. Compound Kushen injection (CKI) is a mixture of natural compounds extracted from Kushen and Baituling, which are mainly used to stop in cancer pain and bleeding. Here we found that cell viability and colony formation were inhibited after the incubation of AMI-1. Meanwhile, AMI-1 suppressed cell migration, enhanced apoptosis, induced cell cycle arrest, inhibited PRMT5 expression and histone H3R8 and H4R3 symmetric di-methylation (H3R8me2s and H4R3me2s) accumulation, down-regulated the expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) in lung carcinoma cells. Moreover, AMI-1 suppressed tumor growth, decreased H3R8me2s and H4R3me2s accumulation, down-regulated eIF4E expression and increased p53 expression in lung carcinoma xenografts of BALB/c nude mice. Of note, combined and CKI markedly enhanced the anticancer efficacy CKI in lung carcinoma. The above findings demonstrated that AMI-1 has established antineoplastic activity and this role may be associated with affecting the function of eIF4E via inhibiting PRMT5 activity or protein levels in lung carcinoma. This study highlights evidence of novel selective anticancer activity of AMI-1 in combination with CKI in lung carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiying Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shuhong Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Shihao Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Guoliang Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Baolai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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17
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Yuan HF, Zhao M, Zhao LN, Yun HL, Yang G, Geng Y, Wang YF, Zheng W, Yuan Y, Song TQ, Niu JQ, Zhang XD. PRMT5 confers lipid metabolism reprogramming, tumour growth and metastasis depending on the SIRT7-mediated desuccinylation of PRMT5 K387 in tumours. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2373-2385. [PMID: 35046516 PMCID: PMC9433386 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00841-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), which is highly expressed in tumour tissues, plays a crucial role in cancer development. However, the mechanism by which PRMT5 promotes cancer growth is poorly understood. Here, we report that PRMT5 contributes to lipid metabolism reprogramming, tumour growth and metastasis depending on the SIRT7-mediated desuccinylation of PRMT5 K387 in tumours. Mass spectrometric analysis identified PRMT5 lysine 387 as its succinylation site. Moreover, the desuccinylation of PRMT5 K387 enhances the methyltransferase activity of PRMT5. SIRT7 catalyses the desuccinylation of PRMT5 in cells. The SIRT7-mediated dessuccinylation of PRMT5 lysine 387 fails to bind to STUB1, decreasing PRMT5 ubiquitination and increasing the interaction between PRMT5 and Mep50, which promotes the formation of the PRMT5-Mep50 octamer. The PRMT5-Mep50 octamer increases PRMT5 methyltransferase activity, leading to arginine methylation of SREBP1a. The symmetric dimethylation of SREBP1a increases the levels of cholesterol, fatty acid, and triglyceride biogenesis in the cells, escaping degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Functionally, the desuccinylation of PRMT5 K387 promotes lipid metabolism reprogramming, tumour growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo in tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Feng Yuan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Cancer Institute, Liver Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Man Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Cancer Institute, Liver Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Li-Na Zhao
- Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hao-Lin Yun
- Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Cancer Institute, Liver Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yu Geng
- Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yu-Fei Wang
- Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Tian-Qiang Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Cancer, Liver Cancer Research Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Jun-Qi Niu
- Department of Hepatology, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Jilin, 130021, China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Cancer Institute, Liver Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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18
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Feustel K, Falchook GS. Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) Inhibitors in Oncology Clinical Trials: A review. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTHERAPY AND PRECISION ONCOLOGY 2022; 5:58-67. [PMID: 36034581 PMCID: PMC9390703 DOI: 10.36401/jipo-22-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) inhibitors are a new class of antineoplastic agents showing promising preliminary clinical efficacy. Targeting an enzyme involved in a wide array of cellular and transcriptional pro-oncogenic processes, this class offers multifaceted tumor-suppressive effects. Partial response has been seen in adenoid cystic carcinoma from both GSK3326595 and JNJ-64619178, with four cases of stable disease seen with PRT543. Highly significant is a durable complete response in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1-mutated glioblastoma multiforme with PRT811. Both alone and in combination with existing chemotherapies and immunotherapies, this class shows promising preliminary data, particularly in cancers with splicing mutations and DNA damage repair deficiencies. Further studies are warranted, and there are clinical trials to come whose data will be telling of the efficacy of PRMT5 inhibitors in both hematologic and solid malignancies. The aim of this study is to compile available results of PRMT5 inhibitors in oncology clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavanya Feustel
- 1 Sky Ridge Medical Center, HCA Continental Division, Lone Tree, CO, USA
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19
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Kawamura S, Palte RL, Kim HY, Saurí J, Sondey C, Mansueto MS, Altman MD, Machacek MR. Design and synthesis of unprecedented 9- and 10-membered cyclonucleosides with PRMT5 inhibitory activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 66:116820. [PMID: 35594650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of medium-sized rings is known to be challenging due to high transannular strain especially for 9- and 10-membered rings. Herein we report design and synthesis of unprecedented 9- and 10-membered purine 8,5'-cyclonucleosides as the first cyclonucleoside PRMT5 inhibitors. The cocrystal structure of PRMT5:MEP50 in complex with the synthesized 9-membered cyclonucleoside 1 revealed its binding mode in the SAM binding pocket of PRMT5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Kawamura
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| | - Rachel L Palte
- Computational and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Hai-Young Kim
- NMR Structure Elucidation, Process and Analytical Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Josep Saurí
- NMR Structure Elucidation, Process and Analytical Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Christopher Sondey
- Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - My S Mansueto
- Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Michael D Altman
- Computational and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA 02115, United States
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20
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ZEB2/TWIST1/PRMT5/NuRD Multicomplex Contributes to the Epigenetic Regulation of EMT and Metastasis in Colorectal Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143426. [PMID: 35884488 PMCID: PMC9324012 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The EMT plays a crucial role in tumor metastasis, which is the major cause for colorectal carcinoma-related mortality. However, the underlying regulators and mechanisms of EMT in CRC metastasis are still poorly understood; (2) Methods: The transcriptional regulators of EMT in CRC and their functions were examined using RT2212PCR, Western blotting, and luciferase reporter assay. The components of ZEB2/TWIST1 complex and their mutual interactions were identified via affinity purification, mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation, and pull-down experiments. The functional mechanisms of ZEB2/TWIST1/PRMT5/NuRD axis were determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assay. The contribution of ZEB2/TWIST1/PRMT5/NuRD complex in the CRC metastasis was investigated using wound healing, transwell assay, and in vivo xenograft mouse model; (3) Results: We found that ZEB2 and TWIST1 were both significantly upregulated in CRC tissues and EMT of CRC cells. ZEB2 could recruit TWIST1 to the E-cadherin promoter and synergistically repressed its transcription. In addition, ZEB2 physically interacted with TWIST1, PRMT5, and the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex to form a novel repressive multicomplex, leading to epigenetic silencing of E-cadherin in CRC cells. Notably, the combined inhibition of ZEB2 and TWIST1 and epigenetic inhibition markedly reduced CRC metastasis in mice; (4) Conclusions: We revealed for the first time that ZEB2 could recruit TWIST1, PRMT5, and NuRD to form a repressive multicomplex and epigenetically suppresses the transcription of E-cadherin, thereby inducing the EMT process and metastasis in CRC. Our results also confirmed the therapeutic potential of epigenetic inhibitors in CRC.
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21
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The effects of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate and Dabrafenib combination on apoptosis and the genes involved in epigenetic events in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. Med Oncol 2022; 39:98. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01688-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Massignani E, Giambruno R, Maniaci M, Nicosia L, Yadav A, Cuomo A, Raimondi F, Bonaldi T. ProMetheusDB: An In-Depth Analysis of the High-Quality Human Methyl-proteome. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100243. [PMID: 35577067 PMCID: PMC9207298 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine (R) methylation is a post-translational modification involved in various biological processes, such as RNA splicing, DNA repair, immune response, signal transduction, and tumor development. Although several advancements were made in the study of this modification by mass spectrometry, researchers still face the problem of a high false discovery rate. We present a dataset of high-quality methylations obtained from several different heavy methyl stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture experiments analyzed with a machine learning–based tool and show that this model allows for improved high-confidence identification of real methyl-peptides. Overall, our results are consistent with the notion that protein R methylation modulates protein–RNA interactions and suggest a role in rewiring protein–protein interactions, for which we provide experimental evidence for a representative case (i.e., NONO [non-POU domain–containing octamer-binding protein]–paraspeckle component 1 [PSPC1]). Upon intersecting our R-methyl-sites dataset with the PhosphoSitePlus phosphorylation dataset, we observed that R methylation correlates differently with S/T-Y phosphorylation in response to various stimuli. Finally, we explored the application of heavy methyl stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture to identify unconventional methylated residues and successfully identified novel histone methylation marks on serine 28 and threonine 32 of H3. The database generated, named ProMetheusDB, is freely accessible at https://bioserver.ieo.it/shiny/app/prometheusdb. hmSEEKER 2.0 identifies methyl-peptides from hmSILAC data through machine learning. Arginine methylation plays a role in modulating protein–protein interactions. Arginine methylations occur more frequently in proximity of phosphorylation sites. hmSEEKER 2.0 was used to identify methylations occurring on nonstandard amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Massignani
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; European School of Molecular Medicine (SEMM), Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Giambruno
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Center for Genomic Science of Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia at European School of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milan, Italy; Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Marianna Maniaci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; European School of Molecular Medicine (SEMM), Milan, Italy
| | - Luciano Nicosia
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Avinash Yadav
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cuomo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Raimondi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziana Bonaldi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Haematology-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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23
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Inhibition of PRMT5 Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Infammation and Pyroptosis Through Suppression of NF-κB/NLRP3 Axis. Neurosci Lett 2022; 776:136576. [PMID: 35278646 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein methylation is a prevalent post-translational modification after cerebral ischemia. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is a type of methyltransferase enzyme that can catalyse the formation of methylated residues on histones and non-histone proteins. Accumulating evidence suggested that PRMT5 might play a carcinogenic role in various cancers. However, the role of PRMT5 in cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains unclear. In this project, middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model in mice and oxygen-glucose deprivation/ reoxygenation (OGD/R) model in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were utilized to mimic disease state of cerebral I/R. We found that expression of inflammatory-related factors [Interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6)] and pyroptotic-related factor [N-term cleaved Gasdermin-D (GSDMD-N)] were up-regulated in both MCAO/R mice and OGD/R SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, both in vivo and in vitro, PRMT5 was aberrantly upregulated during cerebral I/R. However, these alterations induced by I/R were blocked by PRMT5 inhibitor LLY-283, and enhanced by overexpression of PRMT5. Furthermore, rescue experiment proved that PRMT5 plays a pro-inflammatory and pro-pyroptotic role by activating nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domainlike receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) axis. Finally, we observed that treatment of LLY-283 alleviated neurological deficits and reduced infarct volume in the MCAO/R mice. Taken together, PRMT5 may be a potential therapeutic target for cerebral I/R injury.
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24
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Jensen-Pergakes K, Tatlock J, Maegley KA, McAlpine IJ, McTigue MA, Xie T, Dillon CP, Wang Y, Yamazaki S, Spiegel N, Shi M, Nemeth A, Miller N, Hendrickson E, Lam H, Sherrill J, Chung CY, McMillan EA, Bryant SK, Palde P, Braganza J, Brooun A, Deng YL, Goshtasbi V, Kephart SE, Kumpf RA, Liu W, Patman RL, Rui E, Scales S, Tran-Dube M, Wang F, Wythes M, Paul TA. SAM Competitive PRMT5 Inhibitor PF-06939999 Demonstrates Antitumor Activity in Splicing Dysregulated NSCLC with Decreased Liability of Drug Resistance. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 21:3-15. [PMID: 34737197 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) over-expression in hematological and solid tumors methylates arginine residues on cellular proteins involved in important cancer functions including cell cycle regulation, mRNA splicing, cell differentiation, cell signaling, and apoptosis. PRMT5 methyltransferase function has been linked with high rates of tumor cell proliferation and decreased overall survival, and PRMT5 inhibitors are currently being explored as an approach for targeting cancer-specific dependencies due to PRMT5 catalytic function. Here we describe the discovery of potent and selective S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) competitive PRMT5 inhibitors, with in vitro and in vivo characterization of clinical candidate PF-06939999. Acquired resistance mechanisms were explored through the development of drug resistant cell lines. Our data highlight compound-specific resistance mutations in the PRMT5 enzyme that demonstrate structural constraints in the co-factor binding site that prevent emergence of complete resistance to SAM site inhibitors. PRMT5 inhibition by PF-06939999 treatment reduced proliferation of NSCLC cancer cells, with dose-dependent decreases in symmetric dimethyl arginine (SDMA) levels and changes in alternative splicing of numerous pre-mRNAs. Drug sensitivity to PF-06939999 in NSCLC cells associates with cancer pathways including MYC, cell cycle and spliceosome, and with mutations in splicing factors such as RBM10. Translation of efficacy in mouse tumor xenograft models with splicing mutations provides rationale for therapeutic use of PF-06939999 in the treatment of splicing dysregulated NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tao Xie
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc
| | | | - Yuli Wang
- Oncology Research Division, Pfizer, Inc
| | - Shinji Yamazaki
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Johnson & Johnson (United States)
| | | | - Manli Shi
- Oncology Research Division, Pfizer, Inc
| | | | | | | | - Hieu Lam
- Oncology-Rinat Research Units, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development
| | | | - Chi-Yeh Chung
- Pfizer Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer (United States)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ya-Li Deng
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Inc
| | | | | | | | - Wei Liu
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Inc
| | | | - Eugene Rui
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Inc
| | | | | | - Fen Wang
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Inc
| | | | - Thomas A Paul
- Pfizer Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer (United States)
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25
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Nibona E, Niyonkuru C, Liang X, Yao Q, Zhao H. Essential Roles of PRMT5-MEP50 Complex Formation and Cancer Therapy. Russ J Dev Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360421050064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Motolani A, Martin M, Sun M, Lu T. The Structure and Functions of PRMT5 in Human Diseases. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11101074. [PMID: 34685445 PMCID: PMC8539453 DOI: 10.3390/life11101074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) and the resolution of its structure, an increasing number of papers have investigated and delineated the structural and functional role of PRMT5 in diseased conditions. PRMT5 is a type II arginine methyltransferase that catalyzes symmetric dimethylation marks on histones and non-histone proteins. From gene regulation to human development, PRMT5 is involved in many vital biological functions in humans. The role of PRMT5 in various cancers is particularly well-documented, and investigations into the development of better PRMT5 inhibitors to promote tumor regression are ongoing. Notably, emerging studies have demonstrated the pathological contribution of PRMT5 in the progression of inflammatory diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. However, more research in this direction is needed. Herein, we critically review the position of PRMT5 in current literature, including its structure, mechanism of action, regulation, physiological and pathological relevance, and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishat Motolani
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.M.); (M.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Matthew Martin
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.M.); (M.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Mengyao Sun
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.M.); (M.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Tao Lu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.M.); (M.M.); (M.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-317-278-0520
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27
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Gao J, Liu R, Feng D, Huang W, Huo M, Zhang J, Leng S, Yang Y, Yang T, Yin X, Teng X, Yu H, Yuan B, Wang Y. Snail/PRMT5/NuRD complex contributes to DNA hypermethylation in cervical cancer by TET1 inhibition. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:2818-2836. [PMID: 33953349 PMCID: PMC8408166 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00786-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological function of PRMT5 remains poorly understood in cervical cancer metastasis. Here, we report that PRMT5 physically associates with the transcription factor Snail and the NuRD(MTA1) complex to form a transcriptional-repressive complex that catalyzes the symmetrical histone dimethylation and deacetylation. This study shows that the Snail/PRMT5/NuRD(MTA1) complex targets genes, such as TET1 and E-cadherin, which are critical for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This complex also affects the conversion of 5mC to 5hmC. This study demonstrates that the Snail/PRMT5/NuRD(MTA1) complex promotes the invasion and metastasis of cervical cancer in vitro and in vivo. This study also shows that PRMT5 expression is upregulated in cervical cancer and various human cancers, and the PRMT5 inhibitor EPZ015666 suppresses EMT and the invasion potential of cervical cancer cells by disinhibiting the expression of TET1 and increasing 5hmC, suggesting that PRMT5 is a potential target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, The province and ministry co-sponsored collaborative innovation center for medical epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Ruiqiong Liu
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Dandan Feng
- grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, The province and ministry co-sponsored collaborative innovation center for medical epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Huang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Miaomiao Huo
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Key Laboratory of Cancer and Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyao Zhang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Key Laboratory of Cancer and Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Leng
- grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, The province and ministry co-sponsored collaborative innovation center for medical epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Yang
- grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, The province and ministry co-sponsored collaborative innovation center for medical epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianshu Yang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yin
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Teng
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hefen Yu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Baowen Yuan
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Key Laboratory of Cancer and Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, The province and ministry co-sponsored collaborative innovation center for medical epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Key Laboratory of Cancer and Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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28
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Protein arginine methylation: from enigmatic functions to therapeutic targeting. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 20:509-530. [PMID: 33742187 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00159-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are emerging as attractive therapeutic targets. PRMTs regulate transcription, splicing, RNA biology, the DNA damage response and cell metabolism; these fundamental processes are altered in many diseases. Mechanistically understanding how these enzymes fuel and sustain cancer cells, especially in specific metabolic contexts or in the presence of certain mutations, has provided the rationale for targeting them in oncology. Ongoing inhibitor development, facilitated by structural biology, has generated tool compounds for the majority of PRMTs and enabled clinical programmes for the most advanced oncology targets, PRMT1 and PRMT5. In-depth mechanistic investigations using genetic and chemical tools continue to delineate the roles of PRMTs in regulating immune cells and cancer cells, and cardiovascular and neuronal function, and determine which pathways involving PRMTs could be synergistically targeted in combination therapies for cancer. This research is enhancing our knowledge of the complex functions of arginine methylation, will guide future clinical development and could identify new clinical indications.
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29
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Amici SA, Osman W, Guerau-de-Arellano M. PRMT5 Promotes Cyclin E1 and Cell Cycle Progression in CD4 Th1 Cells and Correlates With EAE Severity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:695947. [PMID: 34168658 PMCID: PMC8217861 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.695947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating central nervous system disorder associated with inflammatory T cells. Activation and expansion of inflammatory T cells is thought to be behind MS relapses and influence disease severity. Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is a T cell activation-induced enzyme that symmetrically dimethylates proteins and promotes T cell proliferation. However, the mechanism behind PRMT5-mediated control of T cell proliferation and whether PRMT5 contributes to diseases severity is unclear. Here, we evaluated the role of PRMT5 on cyclin/cdk pairs and cell cycle progression, as well as PRMT5's link to disease severity in an animal model of relapsing-remitting MS. Treatment of T helper 1 (mTh1) cells with the selective PRMT5 inhibitor, HLCL65, arrested activation-induced T cell proliferation at the G1 stage of the cell cycle, suggesting PRMT5 promotes cell cycle progression in CD4+ T cells. The Cyclin E1/Cdk2 pair promoting G1/S progression was also decreased after PRMT5 inhibition, as was the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma. In the SJL mouse relapsing-remitting model of MS, the highest PRMT5 expression in central nervous system-infiltrating cells corresponded to peak and relapse timepoints. PRMT5 expression also positively correlated with increasing CD4 Th cell composition, disease severity and Cyclin E1 expression. These data indicate that PRMT5 promotes G1/S cell cycle progression and suggest that this effect influences disease severity and/or progression in the animal model of MS. Modulating PRMT5 levels may be useful for controlling T cell expansion in T cell-mediated diseases including MS.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Cycle
- Cell Proliferation
- Cyclin E/metabolism
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2/metabolism
- Disease Progression
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/enzymology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Genes, T-Cell Receptor
- Mice, Transgenic
- Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/enzymology
- Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/immunology
- Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/pathology
- Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases/metabolism
- Retinoblastoma Protein/metabolism
- Severity of Illness Index
- Signal Transduction
- Th1 Cells/enzymology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A. Amici
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Wissam Osman
- Discovery PREP Program, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mireia Guerau-de-Arellano
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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30
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Hwang JW, Cho Y, Bae GU, Kim SN, Kim YK. Protein arginine methyltransferases: promising targets for cancer therapy. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:788-808. [PMID: 34006904 PMCID: PMC8178397 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00613-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein methylation, a post-translational modification (PTM), is observed in a wide variety of cell types from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. With recent and rapid advancements in epigenetic research, the importance of protein methylation has been highlighted. The methylation of histone proteins that contributes to the epigenetic histone code is not only dynamic but is also finely controlled by histone methyltransferases and demethylases, which are essential for the transcriptional regulation of genes. In addition, many nonhistone proteins are methylated, and these modifications govern a variety of cellular functions, including RNA processing, translation, signal transduction, DNA damage response, and the cell cycle. Recently, the importance of protein arginine methylation, especially in cell cycle regulation and DNA repair processes, has been noted. Since the dysregulation of protein arginine methylation is closely associated with cancer development, protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) have garnered significant interest as novel targets for anticancer drug development. Indeed, several PRMT inhibitors are in phase 1/2 clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the biological functions of PRMTs in cancer and the current development status of PRMT inhibitors in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Won Hwang
- grid.412670.60000 0001 0729 3748Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, 04310 Republic of Korea
| | - Yena Cho
- grid.412670.60000 0001 0729 3748Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, 04310 Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Un Bae
- grid.412670.60000 0001 0729 3748Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, 04310 Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Nam Kim
- grid.35541.360000000121053345Natural Product Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, 25451 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Kee Kim
- grid.412670.60000 0001 0729 3748Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, 04310 Republic of Korea
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31
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Che P, Yu L, Friedman GK, Wang M, Ke X, Wang H, Zhang W, Nabors B, Ding Q, Han X. Integrin αvβ3 Engagement Regulates Glucose Metabolism and Migration through Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) and Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) in Glioblastoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051111. [PMID: 33807786 PMCID: PMC7961489 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming promotes glioblastoma cell migration and invasion. Integrin αvβ3 is one of the major integrin family members in glioblastoma multiforme cell surface mediating interactions with extracellular matrix proteins that are important for glioblastoma progression. The role of αvβ3 integrin in regulating metabolic reprogramming and its mechanism of action have not been determined in glioblastoma cells. Integrin αvβ3 engagement with osteopontin promotes glucose uptake and aerobic glycolysis, while inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Blocking or downregulation of integrin αvβ3 inhibits glucose uptake and aerobic glycolysis and promotes mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in decreased migration and growth in glioblastoma cells. Pharmacological inhibition of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) or downregulation of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) blocks metabolic shift toward glycolysis and inhibits glioblastoma cell migration and invasion. These results support that integrin αvβ3 and osteopontin engagement plays an important role in promoting the metabolic shift toward glycolysis and inhibiting mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation in glioblastoma cells. The metabolic shift in cell energy metabolism is coupled to changes in migration, invasion, and growth, which are mediated by downstream FAK and PRMT5 in glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulin Che
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (P.C.); (M.W.)
| | - Lei Yu
- Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang 550001, China;
| | - Gregory K. Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Meimei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (P.C.); (M.W.)
| | - Xiaoxue Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China;
| | - Huafeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (H.W.); (W.Z.); (B.N.)
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen City 041004, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (H.W.); (W.Z.); (B.N.)
| | - Burt Nabors
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (H.W.); (W.Z.); (B.N.)
| | - Qiang Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (P.C.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence: (Q.D.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiaosi Han
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (H.W.); (W.Z.); (B.N.)
- Correspondence: (Q.D.); (X.H.)
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32
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Wang Q, Chai Q, Chen J, Lv J, Tang X. Dihydromyricetin Inhibits Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Regulating miR-509-3p/PRMT5 Pathway. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2021.2405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To explore the role of dihydromyricetin (DHM) in regulating proliferation, metastasis and infiltration of pancreatic cancer cells, we treated the pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line SW1990 with 10 µmol/L, 20 µmol/L, and 40 µmol/L DHM. Proliferation was determined by
the MTT assay. Cell metastasis and infiltration were determined by the Transwell migration assay. The protein expression levels of cyclin D1, p21, MMP-2, MMP-9, and PRMT5 were determined by Western blot. Quantitative PCR was used to determine expression of miR-509-3p and PRMT5 mRNA. The relationship
between miR-509-3p and PRMT5 was analyzed by bioinformatic prediction and the dual luciferase reporter assay. SW1990 cells were transfected with miR-509-3p, si-PRMT5 and anti-miR-509-3p (following treatment with 40 µmol/L DHM) to determine their effects on biological behaviors of cells.
The inhibition rate of SW1990 cells, p21 protein and miR-509-3p expression were increased by DHM. Moreover, the number of infiltrating and metastatic cells, protein levels of cyclin D1, MMP-2, MMP-9, and PRMT5, and mRNA levels of PRMT5 were decreased by DHM. miR-509-3p regulates expression
of its target PRMT5 mRNA. Inhibition rate of SW1990 cell proliferation and protein level p21 were significantly increased by overexpression of miR-509-3p or knockdown of PRMT5 expression, while the number of invasive cells and protein expression levels of cyclin D1, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were remarkably
reduced by miR-509-3p overexpression or PRMT5 knockdown. Inhibition of miR-509-3p counteract the inhibitory effects of DHM on SW1990 cell proliferation and metastasis. Therefore, DHM inhibits proliferation and metastasis of pancreatic carcinoma cells by regulating the miR-509-3p/PRMT5 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310005, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Qichen Chai
- Department of General Medicine, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of General Medicine, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jing Lv
- Department of General Medicine, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Tang
- Department of Cadre Health Care Division, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, PR China
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Chakrapani B, Khan MIK, Kadumuri RV, Gupta S, Verma M, Awasthi S, Govindaraju G, Mahesh A, Rajavelu A, Chavali S, Dhayalan A. The uncharacterized protein FAM47E interacts with PRMT5 and regulates its functions. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:e202000699. [PMID: 33376131 PMCID: PMC7772775 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) symmetrically dimethylates arginine residues in various proteins affecting diverse cellular processes such as transcriptional regulation, splicing, DNA repair, differentiation, and cell cycle. Elevated levels of PRMT5 are observed in several types of cancers and are associated with poor clinical outcomes, making PRMT5 an important diagnostic marker and/or therapeutic target for cancers. Here, using yeast two-hybrid screening, followed by immunoprecipitation and pull-down assays, we identify a previously uncharacterized protein, FAM47E, as an interaction partner of PRMT5. We report that FAM47E regulates steady-state levels of PRMT5 by affecting its stability through inhibition of its proteasomal degradation. Importantly, FAM47E enhances the chromatin association and histone methylation activity of PRMT5. The PRMT5-FAM47E interaction affects the regulation of PRMT5 target genes expression and colony-forming capacity of the cells. Taken together, we identify FAM47E as a protein regulator of PRMT5, which promotes the functions of this versatile enzyme. These findings imply that disruption of PRMT5-FAM47E interaction by small molecules might be an alternative strategy to attenuate the oncogenic function(s) of PRMT5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baskar Chakrapani
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Mohd Imran K Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Rajashekar Varma Kadumuri
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, India
| | - Somlee Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Mamta Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Sharad Awasthi
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Gayathri Govindaraju
- Interdisciplinary Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, India
| | - Arun Mahesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Arumugam Rajavelu
- Interdisciplinary Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, India
| | - Sreenivas Chavali
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, India
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Yang L, Ma DW, Cao YP, Li DZ, Zhou X, Feng JF, Bao J. PRMT5 functionally associates with EZH2 to promote colorectal cancer progression through epigenetically repressing CDKN2B expression. Theranostics 2021; 11:3742-3759. [PMID: 33664859 PMCID: PMC7914347 DOI: 10.7150/thno.53023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is a type II arginine methyltransferase that symmetrically di-methylates arginine residues on both histone and non-histone protein substrates. Accumulating evidence suggests that PRMT5 exerts its oncogenic properties in a wide spectrum of human malignancies. However, the underlying mechanisms by which PRMT5 contributes to the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) remain to be defined. Methods: Western blot and real-time PCR were used to analyze the expression of CDKN2B. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), immunofluorescence and GST pulldown assays were employed to investigate the interaction between PRMT5 and EZH2. Luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were performed to validate CDKN2B as a direct target of PRMT5/EZH2. DNA methylation status at the CpG islands of promoter region of CDKN2B gene was analyzed by bisulfite sequencing. The effect of PRMT5/EZH2 on malignant phenotypes was examined through in vitro and in vivo assays. PRMT5 and EZH2 protein expression levels in CRC tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. Results: We observed that PRMT5-deficient CRC cells exhibit proliferation defects in vitro. PRMT5 was identified as a major transcriptional repressor of CDKN2B (p15INK4b) for determining CRC progression. Mechanistically, PRMT5-mediated histone marks H4R3me2s and H3R8me2s were predominantly deposited at the promoter region of CDKN2B gene in CRC cells. Knockdown of PRMT5 in CRC cells decreased the accumulation of H4R3me2s and H3R8me2s marks and reduced the CpG methylation level of CDKN2B promoter, then re-activated CDKN2B expression. Strikingly, silencing of CDKN2B partially abrogated the proliferation defects caused by PRMT5 depletion in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we proved that PRMT5 interacted with Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), leading to enhanced EZH2 binding and H3K27me3 deposition together with decreased transcriptional output of CDKN2B gene. Importantly, we found that the combined interventions exerted a synergistic inhibitory effect of combined treatment with PRMT5i (GSK591) and EZH2i (GSK126) on the growth of CRC cells/xenografts in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, PRMT5 and EZH2 were found to be significantly elevated and associated with poor prognosis in CRC patients. Conclusion: PRMT5 functionally associates with EZH2 to promote CRC progression through epigenetically repressing CDKN2B expression. Thus, our findings raise the possibility that combinational intervention of PRMT5 and EZH2 may be a promising strategy for CRC therapy.
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Shailesh H, Siveen KS, Sif S. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) activates WNT/β-catenin signalling in breast cancer cells via epigenetic silencing of DKK1 and DKK3. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:1583-1600. [PMID: 33462997 PMCID: PMC7875925 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) activity is dysregulated in many aggressive cancers and its enhanced levels are associated with increased tumour growth and survival. However, the role of PRMT5 in breast cancer remains underexplored. In this study, we show that PRMT5 is overexpressed in breast cancer cell lines, and that it promotes WNT/β-CATENIN proliferative signalling through epigenetic silencing of pathway antagonists, DKK1 and DKK3, leading to enhanced expression of c-MYC, CYCLIN D1 and SURVIVIN. Through chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) studies, we found that PRMT5 binds to the promoter region of WNT antagonists, DKK1 and DKK3, and induces symmetric methylation of H3R8 and H4R3 histones. Our findings also show that PRMT5 inhibition using a specific small molecule inhibitor, compound 5 (CMP5), reduces PRMT5 recruitment as well as methylation of H3R8 and H4R3 histones in the promoter regions of DKK1 and DKK3, which consequently results in reduced expression CYCLIN D1 and SURVIVIN. Furthermore, CMP5 treatment either alone or in combination with 5-Azacytidine and Trichostatin A restored expression of DKK1 and DKK3 in TNBCs. PRMT5 inhibition also altered the growth characteristics of breast cancer cells and induced their death. Collectively, these results show that PRMT5 controls breast cancer cell growth through epigenetic silencing of WNT/β-CATENIN pathway antagonists, DKK1 and DKK3, resulting in up-regulation of WNT/β-CATENIN proliferative signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Shailesh
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kodappully S Siveen
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Saïd Sif
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Abstract
Arginine methylation is an essential post-translational modification (PTM) deposited by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) and recognized by Tudor domain-containing proteins. Of the nine mammalian PRMTs, PRMT5 is the primary enzyme responsible for the deposition of symmetric arginine methylation marks in cells. The staphylococcal nuclease and Tudor domain-containing 1 (SND1) effector protein is a key reader of the marks deposited by PRMT5. Both PRMT5 and SND1 are broadly expressed and their deregulation is reported to be associated with a range of disease phenotypes, including cancer. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an example of a cancer type that often displays elevated PRMT5 and SND1 levels, and there is evidence that hyperactivation of this axis is oncogenic. Importantly, this pathway can be tempered with small-molecule inhibitors that target PRMT5, offering a therapeutic node for cancer, such as HCC, that display high PRMT5–SND1 axis activity. Here we summarize the known activities of this writer–reader pair, with a focus on their biological roles in HCC. This will help establish a foundation for treating HCC with PRMT5 inhibitors and also identify potential biomarkers that could predict sensitivity to this type of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner Wright
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA; (T.W.); (Y.W.)
- Graduate Program in Genetics & Epigenetics, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yalong Wang
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA; (T.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Mark T. Bedford
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA; (T.W.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Liang Z, Liu L, Wen C, Jiang H, Ye T, Ma S, Liu X. Clinicopathological and Prognostic Significance of PRMT5 in Cancers: A System Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancer Control 2021; 28:10732748211050583. [PMID: 34758643 PMCID: PMC8591649 DOI: 10.1177/10732748211050583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Since protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is abnormally expressed in various tumors, in this study we aim to assess the association between PRMT5 and clinicopathological and prognostic features. METHODS Electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and the Cochrane Library were searched until July 25, 2021. The critical appraisal of the eligible studies was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Pooled hazard ratios (HR) and pooled odds ratios (OR) were calculated to assess the effect. Engauge Digitizer version 12.1, STATA version 15.1, and R version 4.0.5 were used to obtain and analysis the data. RESULTS A total of 32 original studies covering 15,583 patients were included. In our data, it indicated that high level of PRMT5 was significantly correlated with advanced tumor stage (OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.22-3.70, P =.008; I2 = 80.7%) and positively correlated with poor overall survival (HR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.46-1.73, P < .001; I2 = 50%) and progression-free survival (HR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.24-1.88, P < .001; I2 = 0%). In addition, sub-group analysis showed that high level of PRMT5 was associated with poor overall survival for such 5 kinds of cancers as hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, gastric cancer, and lung cancer. CONCLUSION For the first time we found PRMT5 was pan-cancerous as a prognostic biomarker and high level of PRMT5 was associated with poor prognosis for certain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Liang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lianchang Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Chaowei Wen
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Heya Jiang
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Tianxia Ye
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Shumei Ma
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
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Sapir T, Shifteh D, Pahmer M, Goel S, Maitra R. Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) and the ERK1/2 & PI3K Pathways: A Case for PRMT5 Inhibition and Combination Therapies in Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 19:388-394. [PMID: 33288733 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ERK1/2 (RAS, RAF, MEK, ERK) and PI3K (PI3K, AKT, mTOR, PTEN) pathways are the chief signaling pathways for cellular proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Overactivation and hyperphosphorylation of the ERK1/2 & PI3K pathways is frequently observed in cancer and is associated with poor patient prognosis. While it is well known that genetic alterations lead to the dysregulation of the ERK1/2 & PI3K pathways, increasing evidence showcase that epigenetic alterations also play a major role in the regulation of the ERK1/2 & PI3K pathways. Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is a posttranslational modifier for multiple cellular processes, which is currently being tested as a therapeutic target for cancer. PRMT5 has been shown to be overexpressed in many types of cancers, as well as negatively correlated with patient survival. Numerous studies are indicating that as a posttranslational modifier, PRMT5 is extensively involved in regulating the ERK1/2 & PI3K pathways. In addition, a large number of in vitro and in vivo studies are demonstrating that PRMT5 inhibition, as well as PRMT5 and ERK1/2 & PI3K combination therapies, show significant therapeutic effects in many cancer types. In this review, we explore the vast interactions that PRMT5 has with the ERK1/2 & PI3K pathways, and we make the case for further testing of PRMT5 inhibition, as well as PRMT5 and ERK1/2 & PI3K combination therapies, for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzuriel Sapir
- Department of Biology, Yeshiva College, Yeshiva University, New York, New York
| | - David Shifteh
- Department of Biology, Yeshiva College, Yeshiva University, New York, New York
| | - Moshe Pahmer
- Department of Biology, Yeshiva College, Yeshiva University, New York, New York
| | - Sanjay Goel
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Radhashree Maitra
- Department of Biology, Yeshiva College, Yeshiva University, New York, New York.
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Wang N, Wu D, Long Q, Yan Y, Chen X, Zhao Z, Yan H, Zhang X, Xu M, Deng W, Liu X. Dysregulated YY1/PRMT5 axis promotes the progression and metastasis of laryngeal cancer by targeting Hippo pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2020. [PMCID: PMC7812261 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastases lead to high mortality in laryngeal cancer, but the regulation of its underlying mechanisms remains elusive. We identified Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) was significantly up‐regulated in laryngeal cancer tissues, which predicts poor patient prognosis. Functional assays demonstrated that PRMT5 overexpression promoted the invasive capacity and lymph node metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic experiments suggested that LATS2 was a downstream target of PRMT5. PRMT5 inhibition increased the expression of LATS2 and YAP phosphorylation in laryngeal cancer cells, thereby promoting laryngeal cancer metastasis. Furthermore, informatics and experimental data confirmed that PRMT5 gene was transcriptionally activated by YY1. Collectively, our results unravelled the important role of PRMT5 in laryngeal cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis. The dysregulation YY1/PRMT5/LATS2/YAP axis may contribute to laryngeal cancer progression; thus, PRMT5 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with laryngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- School of Life Sciences Jiaying University Meizhou China
| | - Di Wu
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Qian Long
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Yue Yan
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaoqi Chen
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Honghong Yan
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Xinrui Zhang
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Meilan Xu
- School of Life Sciences Jiaying University Meizhou China
| | - Wuguo Deng
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Xuekui Liu
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine Guangzhou China
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Eddershaw AR, Stubbs CJ, Edwardes LV, Underwood E, Hamm GR, Davey PRJ, Clarkson PN, Syson K. Characterization of the Kinetic Mechanism of Human Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5. Biochemistry 2020; 59:4775-4786. [PMID: 33274632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are of great interest for the development of therapeutics due to their involvement in a number of malignancies, such as lung and colon cancer. PRMT5 catalyzes the formation of symmetrical dimethylarginine of a wide variety of substrates and is responsible for the majority of this mark within cells. To gain insight into the mechanism of PRMT5 inhibition, we co-expressed the human PRMT5:MEP50 complex (hPRMT5:MEP50) in insect cells for a detailed mechanistic study. In this report, we carry out steady state, product, and dead-end inhibitor studies that show hPRMT5:MEP50 uses a rapid equilibrium random order mechanism with EAP and EBQ dead-end complexes. We also provide evidence of ternary complex formation in solution using hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. Isotope exchange and intact protein mass spectrometry further rule out ping-pong as a potential enzyme mechanism, and finally, we show that PRMT5 exhibits a pre-steady state burst that corresponds to an initial slow turnover with all four active sites of the hetero-octamer being catalytically active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice R Eddershaw
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Christopher J Stubbs
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Lucy V Edwardes
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Elizabeth Underwood
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Gregory R Hamm
- Imaging and Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals, R&D AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Paul R J Davey
- Chemistry, Oncology, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Paul N Clarkson
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Karl Syson
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
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Liu X, He J, Mao L, Zhang Y, Cui W, Duan S, Jiang A, Gao Y, Sang Y, Huang G. EPZ015666, a selective protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) inhibitor with an antitumour effect in retinoblastoma. Exp Eye Res 2020; 202:108286. [PMID: 33035554 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common intraocular malignant tumour in infants, and chemotherapy has been the primary therapy method in recent years. PRMT5 is an important member of the protein arginine methyltransferase family, which plays an important role in various tumours. Our study showed that PRMT5 was overexpressed in retinoblastoma and played an important role in retinoblastoma cell growth. EPZ015666 is a novel PRMT5 inhibitor, and we found that it inhibited retinoblastoma cell proliferation and led to cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. At the same time, EPZ015666 regulated cell cycle related protein (P53, P21, P27, CDK2) expression. In brief, our study showed that PRMT5 promoted retinoblastoma growth, the PRMT5 inhibitor EPZ015666 inhibited retinoblastoma in vitro by regulating P53-P21/P27-CDK2 signaling pathways and slowed retinoblastoma growth in a xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 128 Xiangshan Northern Road, Nanchang City, 330008 Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - JianZhong He
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People's Hospital of Pingxiang City, Pingxiang City, 337055, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Longbing Mao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 128 Xiangshan Northern Road, Nanchang City, 330008 Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 128 Xiangshan Northern Road, Nanchang City, 330008 Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - WenWen Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 128 Xiangshan Northern Road, Nanchang City, 330008 Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Sujuan Duan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 128 Xiangshan Northern Road, Nanchang City, 330008 Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Alan Jiang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 128 Xiangshan Northern Road, Nanchang City, 330008, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 128 Xiangshan Northern Road, Nanchang City, 330008 Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Sang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 128 Xiangshan Northern Road, Nanchang City, 330008, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofu Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 128 Xiangshan Northern Road, Nanchang City, 330008 Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 128 Xiangshan Northern Road, Nanchang City, 330008, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China.
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Hartley AV, Wang B, Mundade R, Jiang G, Sun M, Wei H, Sun S, Liu Y, Lu T. PRMT5-mediated methylation of YBX1 regulates NF-κB activity in colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15934. [PMID: 32985589 PMCID: PMC7522246 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72942-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The multifunctional protein Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1), is a critical regulator of transcription and translation, and is widely recognized as an oncogenic driver in several solid tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, very little is known about the upstream or downstream factors that underlie YBX1′s regulation and involvement in CRC. Previously, we demonstrated that YBX1 overexpression correlated with potent activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), a well-known transcription factor believed to be crucial in CRC progression. Here, we report a novel interaction between NF-κB, YBX1 and protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5). Our findings reveal for the first time that PRMT5 catalyzes methylation of YBX1 at arginine 205 (YBX1-R205me2), an event that is critical for YBX1-mediated NF-κB activation and its downstream target gene expression. Importantly, when WT-YBX1 is overexpressed, this methylation exists under basal (unstimulated) conditions and is further augmented upon interleukin-1β (IL-1β) stimulation. Mechanistically, co-immunoprecipitation studies reveal that the R205 to alanine (A) mutant of YBX1 (YBX1-R205A) interacted less well with the p65 subunit of NF-κB and attenuated the DNA binding ability of p65. Importantly, overexpression of YBX1-R205A significantly reduced cell growth, migration and anchorage-independent growth of CRC cells. Collectively, our findings shed important light on the regulation of a novel PRMT5/YBX1/NF-κB axis through PRMT5-mediated YBX1-R205 methylation. Given the fact that PRMT5, YBX1 and NF-κB are all among top crucial factors in cancer progression, pharmacological disruption of this pivotal axis could serve as the basis for new therapeutics for CRC and other PRMT5/YBX1/NF-κB-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antja-Voy Hartley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Benlian Wang
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rasika Mundade
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Guanglong Jiang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mengyao Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Han Wei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Steven Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tao Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. .,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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43
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Barbarino M, Cesari D, Bottaro M, Luzzi L, Namagerdi A, Bertolino FM, Bellan C, Proietti F, Somma P, Micheli M, de Santi MM, Guazzo R, Mutti L, Pirtoli L, Paladini P, Indovina P, Giordano A. PRMT5 silencing selectively affects MTAP-deleted mesothelioma: In vitro evidence of a novel promising approach. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5565-5577. [PMID: 32301278 PMCID: PMC7214180 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive asbestos‐related cancer of the serous membranes. Despite intensive treatment regimens, MM is still a fatal disease, mainly due to the intrinsic resistance to current therapies and the lack of predictive markers and new valuable molecular targets. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) inhibition has recently emerged as a potential therapy against methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP)‐deficient cancers, in which the accumulation of the substrate 5'‐methylthioadenosine (MTA) inhibits PRMT5 activity, thus sensitizing the cells to further PRMT5 inhibition. Considering that the MTAP gene is frequently codeleted with the adjacent cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) locus in MM, we assessed whether PRMT5 could represent a therapeutic target also for this cancer type. We evaluated PRMT5 expression, the MTAP status and MTA content in normal mesothelial and MM cell lines. We found that both administration of exogenous MTA and stable PRMT5 knock‐down, by short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs), selectively reduced the growth of MTAP‐deleted MM cells. We also observed that PRMT5 knock‐down in MTAP‐deficient MM cells reduced the expression of E2F1 target genes involved in cell cycle progression and of factors implicated in epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition. Therefore, PRMT5 targeting could represent a promising new therapeutic strategy against MTAP‐deleted MMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Barbarino
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniele Cesari
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Bottaro
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Luzzi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Asadoor Namagerdi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Cristiana Bellan
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Pasquale Somma
- Anatomy and Pathology Unit, Ospedale dei Colli, AORN, "Monaldi", Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Raffaella Guazzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Luciano Mutti
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Luigi Pirtoli
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Piero Paladini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Paola Indovina
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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44
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Webb LM, Sengupta S, Edell C, Piedra-Quintero ZL, Amici SA, Miranda JN, Bevins M, Kennemer A, Laliotis G, Tsichlis PN, Guerau-de-Arellano M. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 promotes cholesterol biosynthesis-mediated Th17 responses and autoimmunity. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:1683-1698. [PMID: 32091410 PMCID: PMC7108896 DOI: 10.1172/jci131254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) catalyzes symmetric dimethylation (SDM) of arginine, a posttranslational modification involved in oncogenesis and embryonic development. However, the role and mechanisms by which PRMT5 modulates Th cell polarization and autoimmune disease have not yet been elucidated. Here, we found that PRMT5 promoted SREBP1 SDM and the induction of cholesterol biosynthetic pathway enzymes that produce retinoid-related orphan receptor (ROR) agonists that activate RORγt. Specific loss of PRMT5 in the CD4+ Th cell compartment suppressed Th17 differentiation and protected mice from developing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We also found that PRMT5 controlled thymic and peripheral homeostasis in the CD4+ Th cell life cycle and invariant NK (iNK) T cell development and CD8+ T cell maintenance. This work demonstrates that PRMT5 expression in recently activated T cells is necessary for the cholesterol biosynthesis metabolic gene expression program that generates RORγt agonistic activity and promotes Th17 differentiation and EAE. These results point to Th PRMT5 and its downstream cholesterol biosynthesis pathway as promising therapeutic targets in Th17-mediated diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoimmunity
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cholesterol/genetics
- Cholesterol/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Natural Killer T-Cells/immunology
- Natural Killer T-Cells/pathology
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/immunology
- Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases/genetics
- Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases/immunology
- Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1/genetics
- Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1/immunology
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Webb
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, and
| | - Shouvonik Sengupta
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, and
| | - Claudia Edell
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center
| | - Zayda L Piedra-Quintero
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center
| | - Stephanie A Amici
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center
| | - Janiret Narvaez Miranda
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center
| | | | - Austin Kennemer
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center
| | - Georgios Laliotis
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Philip N Tsichlis
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Mireia Guerau-de-Arellano
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, and
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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45
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Duan R, Ryu HY, Ahn SH. Symmetric dimethylation on histone H4R3 associates with histone deacetylation to maintain properly polarized cell growth. Res Microbiol 2019; 171:91-98. [PMID: 31574302 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Yeast Hsl7 is recognized as a homolog of human arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) and shows type II PRMT activity by forming symmetric dimethylarginine residues on histones. Previously, we reported that Hsl7 is responsible for in vivo symmetric dimethylation on histone H4 arginine 3 (H4R3me2s) in a transcriptionally repressed state, possibly in association with histone deacetylation by Rpd3. Here, we investigated the function of Hsl7 during cell cycle progression. We found that the accumulation of Hsl7-mediated H4R3me2s is maintained by the histone deacetylase Rpd3 during transcriptional repression and that the low level of H4R3me2s is required for proper asymmetric cell growth during cell division. Our results suggest that the hypoacetylated state of histones is connected to the function of Hsl7 in regulating properly polarized cell growth during cell division and provide new insight into the epigenetic modifications that are important for cell cycle morphogenesis checkpoint control based on the repressive histone crosstalk between symmetric arginine methylation of H4 and histone deacetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxin Duan
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Yeoul Ryu
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hoon Ahn
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
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46
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Kumar R, Paul AM, Rameshwar P, Pillai MR. Epigenetic Dysregulation at the Crossroad of Women's Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081193. [PMID: 31426393 PMCID: PMC6721458 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasingly number of women of all age groups are affected by cancer, despite substantial progress in our understanding of cancer pathobiology, the underlying genomic alterations and signaling cascades, and cellular-environmental interactions. Though our understanding of women’s cancer is far more complete than ever before, there is no comprehensive model to explain the reasons behind the increased incidents of certain reproductive cancer among older as well as younger women. It is generally suspected that environmental and life-style factors affecting hormonal and growth control pathways might help account for the rise of women’s cancers in younger age, as well, via epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic regulators play an important role in orchestrating an orderly coordination of cellular signals in gene activity in response to upstream signaling and/or epigenetic modifiers present in a dynamic extracellular milieu. Here we will discuss the broad principles of epigenetic regulation of DNA methylation and demethylation, histone acetylation and deacetylation, and RNA methylation in women’s cancers in the context of gene expression, hormonal action, and the EGFR family of cell surface receptor tyrosine kinases. We anticipate that a better understanding of the epigenetics of women’s cancers may provide new regulatory leads and further fuel the development of new epigenetic biomarkers and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- Cancer Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695014, India.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
| | - Aswathy Mary Paul
- Cancer Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695014, India
- Graduate Degree Program, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Pranela Rameshwar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - M Radhakrishna Pillai
- Cancer Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695014, India
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47
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PRMT5 is upregulated by B-cell receptor signaling and forms a positive-feedback loop with PI3K/AKT in lymphoma cells. Leukemia 2019; 33:2898-2911. [PMID: 31123343 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0489-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PRMT5, which regulates gene expression by symmetric dimethylation of histones and non-histone target proteins, is overexpressed and plays a pathogenic role in many cancers. In diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the mechanisms of PRMT5 dysregulation and its role in lymphomagenesis remain largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that B cell receptor (BCR) signaling regulates PRMT5 expression in DLBCL cells. Immunohistochemical analysis reveals elevated levels of PRMT5 expression in DLBCL cases and in germinal center (GC) B cells when compared to naive B cells. PRMT5 can be induced in naive B cells by BCR stimulation. We discovered that BTK-NF-κB signaling induces PRMT5 transcription in activated B cell-like (ABC) DLBCL cells while BCR downstream PI3K-AKT-MYC signaling upregulates PRMT5 expression in both ABC and GCB DLBCL cells. PRMT5 inhibition inhibits the growth of DLBCL cells in vitro and patient derived xenografts. Genomic and biochemical analysis demonstrate that PRMT5 promotes cell cycle progression and activates PI3K-AKT signaling, suggesting a feedback regulatory mechanism to enhance cell survival and proliferation. Co-targeting PRMT5 and AKT by their specific inhibitors is lethal to DLBCL cell lines and primary cancer cells. Therefore, this study provides a mechanistic rationale for clinical trials to evaluate PRMT5 and AKT inhibitors for DLBCL.
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48
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Lattouf H, Poulard C, Le Romancer M. PRMT5 prognostic value in cancer. Oncotarget 2019; 10:3151-3153. [PMID: 31139329 PMCID: PMC6516714 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) catalyze the methylation of arginine residues on both histones and non-histone proteins. PRMT5, a member of the PRMT family, is overexpressed in a wide variety of cancers and its activity is associated with cell transformation. Moreover, its expression is associated with a decrease in patient survival in several cancers, a rationale for developing highly potent inhibitors of its enzymatic activity. However, most studies do not take into account the subcellular localization of PRMT5, which can modify its properties. Indeed, our team recently showed that PRMT5 nuclear expression is associated with prolonged survival. These results corroborated findings in prostate cancer, in which the nuclear fraction of PRMT5 was responsible for inhibiting cell growth, while the cytoplasmic fraction promoted cell growth. In conclusion, this criterion should be evaluated prior to administering PRMT5 inhibitors, which may have adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanine Lattouf
- INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Lebanese University, EDST (Molecular Tumor-genesis and Anticancer Pharmacology), Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Coralie Poulard
- INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Muriel Le Romancer
- INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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49
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Chatterjee B, Ghosh K, Suresh L, Kanade SR. Curcumin ameliorates PRMT5-MEP50 arginine methyltransferase expression by decreasing the Sp1 and NF-YA transcription factors in the A549 and MCF-7 cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 455:73-90. [PMID: 30392062 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3471-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) and its catalytic partner methylosome protein MEP50 (WDR77) catalyse the mono- and symmetric di-methylation of selective arginines in various histones and non-histone target proteins. It has emerged as a crucial epigenetic regulator in cell proliferation and differentiation; which also reported to be overexpressed in many forms of cancers in humans. In this study, we aimed to assess the modulations in the expression of this enzyme upon exposure to the well-studied natural compound from the spice turmeric, curcumin. We exposed the lung and breast cancer cell lines (A549 and MCF-7) to curcumin (2 and 20 μM) and observed a highly significant inhibitory effect on the expression of both PRMT5 and MEP50. The level of symmetrical dimethylarginine (SDMA) in multiple proteins, and more specifically, the H4R3me2s mark (which predominates in GC-rich motifs in nucleosomal DNA) was also diminished significantly. We also found that curcumin significantly reduced the level and enrichment of the transcription factors Sp1 and NF-YA which shares their binding sites within the GC-rich region of the PRMT5 proximal promoter. Furthermore, the involvement of both PKC-p38-ERK-cFos and AKT-mTOR signalling was observed in reducing the Sp1 and NF-YA expression by curcumin. Therefore, we propose curcumin decreased the expression of PRMT5 in these cells by affecting at least these two transcription factors. Altogether, we report a new molecular target of curcumin and further elucidation of this proposed mechanism through which curcumin affects the PRMT5-MEP50 methyltransferase expression might be explored for its therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biji Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasargod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Krishna Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasargod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Lavanya Suresh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasargod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Santosh R Kanade
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasargod, Kerala, 671316, India.
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C R Rao Road, Gachibowli, Telangana, 500046, India.
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50
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Jain K, Clarke SG. PRMT7 as a unique member of the protein arginine methyltransferase family: A review. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 665:36-45. [PMID: 30802433 PMCID: PMC6461449 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are found in a wide variety of eukaryotic organisms and can regulate gene expression, DNA repair, RNA splicing, and stem cell biology. In mammalian cells, nine genes encode a family of sequence-related enzymes; six of these PRMTs catalyze the formation of ω-asymmetric dimethyl derivatives, two catalyze ω-symmetric dimethyl derivatives, and only one (PRMT7) solely catalyzes ω-monomethylarginine formation. Purified recombinant PRMT7 displays a number of unique enzymatic properties including a substrate preference for arginine residues in R-X-R motifs with additional flanking basic amino acid residues and a temperature optimum well below 37 °C. Evidence has been presented for crosstalk between PRMT7 and PRMT5, where methylation of a histone H4 peptide at R17, a PRMT7 substrate, may activate PRMT5 for methylation of R3. Defects in muscle stem cells (satellite cells) and immune cells are found in mouse Prmt7 homozygous knockouts, while humans lacking PRMT7 are characterized by significant intellectual developmental delays, hypotonia, and facial dysmorphisms. The overexpression of the PRMT7 gene has been correlated with cancer metastasis in humans. Current research challenges include identifying cellular factors that control PRMT7 expression and activity, identifying the physiological substrates of PRMT7, and determining the effect of methylation on these substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanishk Jain
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Steven G Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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