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Soto Gomez M, Brown MJM, Pironon S, Bureš P, Verde Arregoitia LD, Veselý P, Elliott TL, Zedek F, Pellicer J, Forest F, Nic Lughadha E, Leitch IJ. Genome size is positively correlated with extinction risk in herbaceous angiosperms. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:2470-2485. [PMID: 39080986 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Angiosperms with large genomes experience nuclear-, cellular-, and organism-level constraints that may limit their phenotypic plasticity and ecological niche, which could increase their risk of extinction. Therefore, we test the hypotheses that large-genomed species are more likely to be threatened with extinction than those with small genomes, and that the effect of genome size varies across three selected covariates: life form, endemism, and climatic zone. We collated genome size and extinction risk information for a representative sample of angiosperms comprising 3250 species, which we analyzed alongside life form, endemism, and climatic zone variables using a phylogenetic framework. Genome size is positively correlated with extinction risk, a pattern driven by a signal in herbaceous but not woody species, regardless of climate and endemism. The influence of genome size is stronger in endemic herbaceous species, but is relatively homogenous across different climates. Beyond its indirect link via endemism and climate, genome size is associated with extinction risk directly and significantly. Genome size may serve as a proxy for difficult-to-measure parameters associated with resilience and vulnerability in herbaceous angiosperms. Therefore, it merits further exploration as a useful biological attribute for understanding intrinsic extinction risk and augmenting plant conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samuel Pironon
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, CB3 0DL, UK
- School of Biological and Behavioral Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Petr Bureš
- Faculty of Science, Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, 61137, Czech Republic
| | | | - Pavel Veselý
- Faculty of Science, Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, 61137, Czech Republic
| | - Tammy L Elliott
- Faculty of Science, Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, 61137, Czech Republic
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - František Zedek
- Faculty of Science, Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, 61137, Czech Republic
| | - Jaume Pellicer
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK
- Institut Botanic de Barcelona (IBB), CSIC-CMCNB, Barcelona, 08038, Spain
| | - Félix Forest
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK
| | | | - Ilia J Leitch
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK
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Luxton SJ, Smith GS, Williams KJ, Ferrier S, Bond AJ, Prober SM. An introduction to key ecological concepts, financial opportunities, and risks underpinning aspirations for nature positive. Bioscience 2024; 74:450-466. [PMID: 39156612 PMCID: PMC11328145 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biae040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Global biodiversity is in decline, and businesses and society are being required to urgently create new operating models to ameliorate the crisis. Among the strategies proposed to do this, implementing the concept of nature positive has captured worldwide attention. Critical to its success will be effective collaboration between ecologists and businesspeople, driven by a shared understanding of key nature positive terminology, concepts, and risks. To this end, we introduce three core aspects: the ecological concepts in the definition of nature positive (health, abundance, diversity, and resilience), a typology of financial instruments that may be applied to achieving nature positive, and an overview of risks to biodiversity and society. The pivotal findings include that ecological complexity and uncertainty belie the simplicity of the definition of nature positive and that managing risk requires embedding aspirations into existing and emerging biodiversity conservation and restoration science and policy. Although it is challenging, nature positive deserves pursuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Luxton
- Commonwealth Scientific and Research Organisation (CSIRO), Canberra, ACT and Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Greg S Smith
- Commonwealth Scientific and Research Organisation (CSIRO), Canberra, ACT and Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kristen J Williams
- Commonwealth Scientific and Research Organisation (CSIRO), Canberra, ACT and Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Simon Ferrier
- Commonwealth Scientific and Research Organisation (CSIRO), Canberra, ACT and Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Anthelia J Bond
- School of Economics and Public Policy, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Suzanne M Prober
- Commonwealth Scientific and Research Organisation (CSIRO), Canberra, ACT and Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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